SEPT 6, 2017

Fall of USSR and Yugoslavia

Get out notebook, ESPN highlighters, and pencil

EQ: How did the fall of communism lead to the turmoil in Yugoslavia in the 1990s?

Problems of Soviet Union in 1980’s

Inefficient farming and manufacturing

Few incentives and little technological innovation

High defense spending

Few consumer goods

Apathetic population

Mikhail Gorbachev

Prime Minister

1985-1991

Five Point Plan Perestroika Glasnost

The Rise of Nationalism

Soviet grip relaxes

Discontent with Soviet govt.

Nationalism Separatist movements

Protestors in Moldova

Fall of USSR

Gorbachev’s policies lead to collapse

August Coup

1991: Soviet Reps. declare independence

Results of the Fall

Transformed the entire world political situation

Reformulation of political, economic and military alliances

End of Cold War and MAD threat

Creation of 24 new independent countries

The Economic Geography of Post-Communist Russia:

Economic Characteristics ofCommunist-era Russia:

* No unemployment- the government guaranteed people jobs.

* Free housing, health care, andcollege tuition- paid for by thegovernment.

Economic Characteristics ofPost-communist Russia:

* High unemployment- many industries collapsed due to competition from the West.

* Housing, health care, and college tuition no longer free.

Overall , the standard-of-living decreased for most Russians after the collapse of communism in 1991

Communist CountriesAt its peak, communism was practiced in dozens of countries:

Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

Asian Countries: Afghanistan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, and Yemen

Soviet Controlled Eastern bloc countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia.

The Balkans: Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.

Africa: Angola, Benin, Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, and Mozambique.

Currently : Laos, North Korea, Vietnam, China, and Cuba

Think-pair-share

What factors can unify/pull people together? (centripetal forces)

What factors can divide/drive them apart?

(centrifugal forces)

Drawing political borders

Work with a partner to divide up the land on the paper

Keep in mind all of the different factors such as physical features, religion and language

You may divide your country into as many or as few countries as you see fit

What could be the potential areas of conflict in your new countries? Why?

Bosnian War Explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGvxYGI

Why do Serbia and Croatia hate each other?:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbNdMnSpZ30

Yugoslavia HISTORY1918

Carved out of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires

6 Republics within nation

Yugoslavia HISTORY1945-1980

Soviet sphere of influence

Communist ruleJosip TitoRestored economic stability post WWII

Tensions suppressed tensions

Tito dies in 1980

Yugoslavia HISTORY1980- 1991

Political vacuum after Tito’s death

U.S.S.R. collapses

Multiple nations in Eastern Europe gain independence

Nationalism increases in Yugoslavia

Republics start to break away

Serbia wants to keep region intact and control it politically

Yugoslavia HISTORY1991

Slovenia and Macedonia granted independence

Serbian president = Slobodan Milosevic

Serbs do not allow independence in areas with Serbian minority

Yugoslavia HISTORY

1992-1995

Civil war breaks out between Bosnia and Serbia

War of Independence breaks out between Croatia and Bosnia

Serbs commit genocide against Bosnian Croats and Muslims in order make Bosnia more

“Serbian”.

Post civil-war

USA sponsors peace talks in 1995-Dayton Accords

Milosevic tried for crimes against humanity

Bosnia granted independence

Macedonia granted independence in 2006

Former Yugoslavia is now Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia

BALKANIZATIONThe process of breaking up a

region/country into smaller, mutually

hostile countries.