ocument . r calc-702 0 - castle - about us · accordance with pren 13474-1. i. glass production...

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND TEL.: +41 (0)61 501 8210 / +41 (0)79 508 1651 REGISTERED IN SWITZERLAND │VAT REGISTRATION CHE-437.605.665

PROJECT ENGINEER

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

DOCUMENT NO. REVISION

CALC-702 0 TITLE Pages

GLASS CHECK 85

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SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON TITLE REVISION PAGES

GLASS CHECK 2 of 85


Table of Contents

1 References ............................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Document references .............................................................................................. 3

1.2 Structural analysis software .................................................................................... 3

1.3 Loads ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Design Approach .................................................................................................... 5

1.5 Glass list.................................................................................................................. 6

2 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 1 ..................................................................................... 7

2.1 GL-01 (Vision) ......................................................................................................... 7

2.2 GL-02, GL-04 & GL-05 (Vision/Vent) .................................................................... 22

3 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 2 ................................................................................... 37

3.1 GL-11 & GL-12 (Vision/Vent) ................................................................................ 37

4 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 3 ................................................................................... 52

4.1 GL-21 & GL-22 (Vision/Vent) ................................................................................ 52

4.2 GL-63b & GL-83b (Vision: 3-side supported) ....................................................... 67

5 Annex ................................................................................................................... 82

5.1 PVB Interlayer – Shear modulus .......................................................................... 82

5.2 Acoustic PVB Interlayer – Shear modulus ............................................................ 83

5.3 IGU Edge seal – Technical data sheat ................................................................. 84

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1 References

1.1 Document references

1.1.1 Norms and standards

[1] IStructE. Structural use of glass in buildings. 2nd edition, February 2014.

[2] pr EN 16612:2013. Glass in building – Design of glass panes – Part 1: General basis of design.

[3] pr EN 13474-1:1999. Glass in building – Design of glass panes – Part 1: General basis of design.

[4] BS 6180:2011. Barriers in and about buildings – Code of practice.

[5] CWCT TU14, Technical update on Load combinations

1.1.2 Project specific documents

[6] D701-21-CPT-CALC-001, Loads and load combinations.

[7] D701-21-CPT-CALC-002, System framing profiles – Window types A & H.

[8] D701-21-CPT-CALC-003, System framing profiles – Window types E, L & Q.

[9] Performance Specification for the Installation of: Curtain Wall, Windows, Sliding Doors, Sloped Glazing, Louvres, Balustrades and Cladding Systems, Fifth Issue. 26 July 2013.

1.2 Structural analysis software

[10] Nemetschek. SCIA Engineer v.14.0. Structural Analysis & Design Software for Construction and Engineering.

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1.3 Loads

1.3.1 Dead load including selfweights (D)

Glass selfweight is generated by the software.

1.3.2 Wind load (W)

In accordance with load report [6]

Net pressure, wp = +1.5 kN/m2

Net suction, ws = -2.1 kN/m2

1.3.3 Imposed/live load (L)

In accordance with the load report [6] based on Wintech specification [9]:

i. Residential areas:

Line load, qIh,k = 0.74 kN/m - applied at a height of 1.1m above FFL

Point load, QIh,k = 0.5 kN - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL

Infill load, wIh,k = 1.0 kN/m² - applied within the infill height of 1.1m above FFL

ii. Retail and general assembly areas:

Line load, qIh,k = 1.5 kN/m - applied at a height of 1.1m above FFL

Point load, QIh,k = 1.5 kN - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL

Infill load, wIh,k = 1.5 kN/m² - applied within the infill height of 1.1m above FFL

1.3.4 Maintenance load

Manual maintainance on walls according to CWCT clause 2.3.3:

Point load, QIh,k = 0.5 kN - applied on square of 100mm sides

BMU cradle impact under normal conditions must be ensured by the BMU contractor by designing the cradle buffer system such that the equivalent static load applied to the glass in not more than 0.5 kN. Impact under accidental situations giving equivalent static load more than 0.5 kN is not covered by this structural report.

1.3.5 Climatic load (C)

Climatic loads as a result of temperature, atmospheric pressure and altitude difference is checked in accordance with prEN 13474-1.

i. Glass production (Ariño Duglass, Zaragoza)

Hproduction =+216.0 m - above sea level

ii. Site (London)

Highest altitude of glass installation,

Hsite =+140.0 m - above sea level

Internal actions of insulating glass units

Summer Temperature difference, ΔT [°C] + 27

Pressure difference, Δpmet [kN/m²] - 3.0

Altitude difference, ΔH [m] = +216 - 0 + 216

Winter Temperature difference, ΔT [°C] - 27

Pressure difference, Δpmet [kN/m²] + 6.0

Altitude difference, ΔH [m] = 0 - 140 - 140

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1.4 Design Approach

IStructE’s “Structural use of glass in buildings” 2nd edition and the draft European standard for determination of the load resistance of glass panes prEN 16612 are used as guidance for the following glass structural calculations.

Design criterion: σd ≤ fg,d

1.4.1 Glass design stress (σd)

FEM analysis of glass panes gives principal stresses to be factored by the partial factors below.

i. Partial factors

Variable action, γQ = 1.2 - for glass used as infills for façade / curtain wall

Variable action, γQ = 1.3 - for secondary structures including infills serving as barrier

Variable action, γQ = 1.5 - for primary structures

Climatic action, ψ0·γQ = 1.0 - accompanying variable load to leading wind or imposed load

1.4.2 Glass design strength (fg,d)

i. Annealed glass

Design bending strength, fg,d = kmod·ksp·fg;k/γM;A

Characteristic bending strength, fg;k - see table below

Load duration factor, kmod - see table below

Glass surface profile factor, ksp = 1.0 - float glass

Material partial factor, γM;A = 1.6 - annealed glass

ii. Prestressed surface glass

Design bending strength, fg,d = kmod·ksp·fg;k/γM;A + kv(fb;k – fg;k)/γM;v

Characteristic bending strength, fb;k - see table below

Strengthening factor, kv = 0.6 - used either for horizontal or vertical toughening

Material partial factor, γM;v = 1.2 - prestressed surface

Allowable stress for vertical glazing infill panel

Float Glass Types

Bending strength [fg;k, fb;k]

Design Strength [N/mm²]

Wind load* kmod = 0.74

(W) fg,d

Imposed load only kmod = 0.89

(L) fg,d

Annealed monolithic 45 20.8 25.0

Heat-strengthened 70 33.3 37.5

Thermally toughened 120 58.3 62.5

Enamelled heat-strengthened 45 20.8 25.0

Enamelled thermally toughened 75 35.8 40.0

Note: * Wind load only or load combination involving wind load.

Thermal stress calculation is not in the scope of this calculation.

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1.5 Glass list

Glass Schedule (Minimum structural requirements)

Projekt:Centre Point, London

17/04/2015

rev. C

Dic

ke

Th

ickn

es

sK

an

ten

be

Beschreibung

Description Dic

ke

Th

ickn

es

s

Beschreibung

Description Dic

ke

Th

ickn

es

s

Beschreibung

DescriptionMin. Size Max. Size Imposed load

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm×mm] [mm×mm][Outside /

Inside]

0.5 kN

@0.44m: 0.74kN/m0.5kN; 1.0kN/m²

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

-

0.5 kN

-

0.5 kN

@0.44m: 0.74kN/m0.5kN; 1.0kN/m²

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

@0.44m: 0.74kN/m0.5kN; 1.0kN/m²

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN

0.5 kN{[0.5 kN]}

0.5kN [0.5kN]{@H/2: 0.74kN/m0.5kN; 1.0kN/m²}

0.5 kN{[0.5 kN]}

0.5kN{@H/2: 0.74kN/m0.5kN; 1.0kN/m²}

0.5 kN

-

0.5 kN

-

0.5 kN

-

STRUCTURAL

1025×4301048×1320[1054×480]

{1048×1180}

1054×316 1054×580

1005×560 1058×560

708×592 708×592

1058×240 1058×592

708×120 1005×1234

1005×483 708×1234

708×120 1054 × 1232

1005×435 673×1232

2120×435 1048×1180

20GL - 87- 87a*

Spandrel - White Translucent Frit (frit pattern

b)(WT- E & E1)

26.76 10.76

arris

Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate with

translucent negative dot (2.5mm) frit diagonal

pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2.

Stepped on right edge

10Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

6.00Low iron toughened &

HST with 100% frit in

dark grey to #6

19GL - 67- 67a*


b)(WT- E, E1 & G)

26.76



dark grey to #6

18 GL - 27


b)(WT- C, C1, C2, D & X)

26.76 10.76

arris



pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2

10Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

14

Groun

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

15

GL - 63[- 63a*]{- 63b*}

Vision - White Translucent Frit (frit pattern b)

(WT- E, E1, G, L & L1)

37.52 [37.52]{41.52}

10.76 [10.76]{14.76}

Low-iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

12 10.76

arri

13 GL - 22Vents

(WT- H, N, Q, R & Y)

GL - 21Vision

(WT- H, N & Y)37.52 8.76

Low-iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

10.76

Grou

10 GL -12 8.76Low iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

Vents (WT- H, P & Q)

42.28 15.52

Groun


acoustic interlayer stepped edge to all sides

with black edge frit #2

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

8.76

8 6.00

Low iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

GL - 11Vision

(WT- H)42.28 15.52

arri

Low iron head strengthened 86.4 laminated with

acoustic interlayer9

Low iron toughened &


dark grey to #6

GL - 08

Spandrel with White Translucent Frit (frit pattern

c)(WT- A, B & F)

31.52 14.76

arri

5 GL - 05Vision - White translucent

frit (pattern c)(WT- A & B)

6 GL - 06 6.00Low iron toughened &


dark grey to #6

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

10.76

4 10.76Low iron anneled 55.2

laminate with acoustic

interlayer

GL - 04Vision - White translucent

frit (pattern c)(WT- A & B)

46.28 17.52

arri

Low iron heat strengthened 106.4 aminate with

acoustic interlayer; translucent linear vertical frit

pattern to #2

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

1005×900 1058×1310

2 GL - 02Vent Glass

(WT- A & H)46.28 17.52

Grou


acoustic interlayer stepped edge to all sides

with black edge frit #2

10.76Low iron annealed

55.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

708×240 708×1290

10.76Low iron annealed

55.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

18 708×120 1048×11801

Ite

m N

o.

Glastyp

Glass

type

AnmerkungenComments

Ge

sam

tdic

ke

To

tal

Th

ickn

es

AußenscheibeOuter Pane

InnenscheibeInner Pane

SZRCavity

GL - 01Vision

(WT- A & H)46.28 17.52

arri

Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

Low iron heat strengthened 106.4 laminated

with acoustic interlayer

Low iron anneled 55.2

laminate with acoustic

interlayer

46.28 17.52

Ground


acoustic interlayer; translucent linear vertical frit

pattern to #2. Stepped edge all sides with 100%

black frit to #2.

14.76

arri

Low iron heat strengthened 86.2 laminate 10Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

31.52

37.52Low-iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

8.76

GL - 23


(WT- C, C1, C2, D, J, J1, J2, K, N & X)

37.52 10.76

arris



pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

Low-iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

8.76

Spandrel(WT- A, M, V & P)

8.76

Low iron heat strengthened 86.2 laminate;

translucent linear vertical frit pattern to #210

Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate.

Stepped edge to all sides with 100% black edge

frit #2

18Swisspacer V /

argon filled /

silicone seal

Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate 18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 [55.2] {86.2}

laminate with translucent negative dot (2.5mm)

frit diagonal pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to

#2. Stepped on left edge

1025×4301048×1320[1054×480]

{1048×1180}

16

GL - 83[- 83a*]{- 83b*}


(WT- E, E1, L & L1 )

37.52 [37.52]{41.52}

10.76 (14.76)

Groun

Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 [55.2] {86.2}

laminate with translucent negative dot (2.5mm)

frit diagonal pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to

#2. Stepped on right edge

18Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal

8.76Low-iron annealed

44.2 laminate with

acoustic interlayer

10.76

arris



pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2.

Stepped on left edge

10Swisspacer U /

argon filled /

silicone seal



dark grey to #6

1025×235 1025×580

1025×235 1025×580

Note: * 3-side supported glass under wind suction.

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2 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 1

2.1 GL-01 (Vision)

2.1.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads

prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause

Double glazed unit a = 1.048 m Shorter side of DGU

b = 1.180 m Longer side of DGU

d1o + d1i = 10 + 6 mm

t1 = 1.52 mm G 1 = 0.4 N/mm²

18 mm Air space

d2o + d2i = 5 + 5 mm

t2 = 0.76 mm G 2 = 0.4 N/mm²

Effective glass thickness: Is1 = 663.55 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]

Γ1 = 0.0792 Shear transfer coefficient

d1ef,w = 13.80 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)

d1ef,σ = 15.53 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)

Is2 = 82.944 Stiffness




Climatic effects a/b = 0.89 Aspect ratio

k5 = 0.024 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3

δ1 = d1ef,w3/(d1ef,w

3+d2ef,w3) = 0.839 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)

a* = 28.9(dSZR∙δ1∙d2ef,w3/k5)

1/4 = 684 mm Characteristic length (C.4)

ϕ = 1/[1+(a/a*)4] = 0.1535 Insulating unit factor (C.3)

Summer: ∆Ts = 27 °K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/°K

∆pmet,s = -3 kN/m² Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure

∆Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m

p0,s = c1∙∆Ts - ∆pmet,s + c2∙∆Hs = 14.8 kN/m² Isochore pressure at summer

ps = ϕ∙p0,s = 2.27 kN/m² Effective internal positive pressure

Winter: ∆Tw = -27 °K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/°K

∆pmet,s = 6 kN/m² Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure

∆Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m

p0,w = c1∙∆Tw - ∆pmet,w + c2∙∆Hw = -16.9 kN/m² Isochore pressure at winter

pw = ϕ∙p0,w = -2.59 kN/m² Effective internal negative pressure

Acoustic interlayer

dSZR ≤

Outer laminated glass

Inner laminated glass

Acoustic interlayer

2.1.2 Glass check

Refer to FEM analysis results in section 2.1.3.

i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane - Stress check

Wind load, σd = 8.08 N/mm² < (W) fg,d = 33.3 N/mm²

Imposed load only, σd = 9.53 N/mm² < (L) fg,d = 37.5 N/mm²

ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check



iii. Deflection check

Max. δ = 7.29 mm < 1048/65 = 16.12 mm

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2.1.3 FEM Analysis

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2.2 GL-02, GL-04 & GL-05 (Vision/Vent)





d1o + d1i = 10 + 6 mm

t1 = 1.52 mm G 1 = 0.4 N/mm²

18 mm Air space

d2o + d2i = 5 + 5 mm

t2 = 0.76 mm G 2 = 0.4 N/mm²













a* = 28.9(dSZR∙δ1∙d2ef,w3/k5)













Acoustic interlayer

dSZR ≤



Acoustic interlayer

2.2.2 Glass check


i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with edge frit - Stress check







Max. δ = 6.95 mm < 1058/65 = 16.28 mm

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2.2.3 FEM Analysis

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3.1 GL-11 & GL-12 (Vision/Vent)

3.1.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause



d1o + d1i = 8 + 6 mm

t1 = 1.52 mm G 1 = 0.4 N/mm²

18 mm Air space

d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm

t2 = 0.76 mm G 2 = 0.4 N/mm²



d1ef ,w = 11.23 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)

d1ef ,σ = 12.64 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)







δ1 = d1ef ,w3/(d1ef ,w

3+d2ef ,w3) = 0.834 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)

a* = 28.9(dSZR∙δ1∙d2ef ,w3/k5)













Acoustic interlayer

dSZR ≤



Acoustic interlayer

3.1.2 Glass check



Wind load, σd = 9.01 N/mm² < (W) fg,,d = 20.8 N/mm²






Max. δ = 7.03 mm < 1005/65 = 15.46 mm

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3.1.3 FEM Analysis

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4.1 GL-21 & GL-22 (Vision/Vent)





d1o + d1i = 5 + 5 mm

t1 = 0.76 mm G 1 = 0.5 N/mm²

18 mm Air space

d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm

t2 = 0.76 mm G 2 = 0.4 N/mm²











δ1 = d1ef ,w3/(d1ef ,w

3+d2ef ,w3) = 0.654 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)

a* = 28.9(dSZR∙δ1∙d2ef ,w3/k5)













Acoustic interlayer

dSZR ≤



PVB interlayer

4.1.2 Glass check



Wind load, σd = 13.69 N/mm² < (W) fg,,d = 20.8 N/mm²






Max. δ = 6.25 mm < 1005/65 = 15.46 mm

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4.1.3 FEM Analysis

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4.2 GL-63b & GL-83b (Vision: 3-side supported)





d1o + d1i = 8 + 6 mm

t1 = 0.76 mm G 1 = 0.5 N/mm²

18 mm Air space

d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm

t2 = 0.76 mm G 2 = 0.4 N/mm²













a* = 28.9(dSZR∙δ1∙d2ef,w3/k5)













Acoustic interlayer

dSZR ≤



PVB interlayer

4.2.2 Glass check

Refer to FEM analysis results in section Error! Reference source not found..

i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with frit - Stress check







Max. centre deflection, δ = 7.60 mm < 1048/65 = 16.12 mm

Max. edge deflection, δ = 4.02 mm < 1180/175 = 6.74 mm

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4.2.3 FEM Analysis

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5 Annex

5.1 PVB Interlayer – Shear modulus

By interpolation:

G10min.@30°C = 0.537 – (0.537-0.374)(10-1)/(60-1)

= 0.512 N/mm²

Use: G = 0.5 N/mm² conservatively

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5.2 Acoustic PVB Interlayer – Shear modulus

By interpolation:

G10min.@30°C = 0.467 – (0.467-0.268)(10-1)/(60-1)

= 0.437 N/mm²

Use: G = 0.4 N/mm² conservatively

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5.3 IGU Edge seal – Technical data sheat

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ocument . r calc-702 0 - castle - about us · accordance with pren 13474-1. i. glass production...

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