Greater gender equality is not just a moral imperative, but is also key to the creation of stronger, more sustainable and more inclusive economies. The OECD has placed gender equality at the top of its agenda. The OECD combats inequalities of opportunities as enshrined in its Inclusive Growth initiative and the Secretary-General’s 21 for 21 Agenda.

The OECD actively promotes policy measures embedded in the 2013 and 2015 OECD Recommendations on Gender Equality in Education, Employment, Entrepreneurhsip and Public Life. For example, measures to ensure access to good quality education for boys and girls, policies to improve the gender balance in leadership in the public sector and providing fathers and mothers equally with financial incentives to use parental leave and flexible work options. The OECD was also instrumental in defining the target adopted by G20 Leaders at their 2014 Brisbane Summit to reduce the gender gap in labour force participation by 25% in 2025. The OECD continues to work closely with G20 and G7 presidencies on monitoring progress with reducing gender gaps such as these.

The OECD engages experts and policy makers to deliver better policies for better lives. As just one example, the 2020 High-Level Conference on Ending Violence Against Women discussed experiences, and exchanged initiatives and practices to prevent, address, and eradicate gender-based violence. The OECD also hosts working groups with a specific focus on gender, such as GENDERNET – the international forum for gender experts from DAC development co-operation agencies and foreign ministries – and the Working Party on Gender Mainstreaming and Governance.

Read more: www.oecd.org/gender

Gender Equality

Note: Data refer to 2018 or latest available year* OECD accession countriesSource: OECD Gender data portal - www.oecd.org/gender/data

3.03.4

4.54.75.05.35.6

6.97.17.27.37.7

8.79.4

10.611.1

11.511.511.7

12.512.5

13.013.2

13.814.1

14.815.015.415.6

16.216.5

17.718.218.2

21.121.8

24.528.3

34.6

Costa RicaLuxembourg

GreeceBelgiumSlovenia

DenmarkItaly

TurkeyNorway

New ZealandSweden

ColombiaPoland

HungaryIrelandMexico

SpainIceland

AustraliaLithuania

ChileFranceOECD

SwitzerlandNetherlands

PortugalSlovak Republic

AustriaCzech Republic

GermanyUnited Kingdom

FinlandUnited States

CanadaLatviaIsrael

JapanEstonia

Korea

*

*

The gender pay gap in OECD countriesDifference between median full-time earnings of men and women, as % of median earnings of men

The OECD Gender Data Portal includes about 75 indicators shedding light on gender gaps in education, employment, entrepreneurship, public governance, health and development.

The website provides good practices based on analytical tools and reliable data, but also shows how far we are from achieving gender equality and where action is most needed. The data cover OECD member countries, as well as partner economies including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa.

Read more: www.oecd.org/gender

The OECD Development Centre’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) measures discrimination against women in social institutions across 180 countries. By taking into account laws, social norms and practices, the SIGI captures the underlying drivers of gender inequality with the aim to provide the data necessary for transformative policy-change.

Read more: www.genderindex.org

OECD Gender Data Portal

Gender equality is central to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. OECD’s work in support of the 2030 Agenda includes the updating and further development of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The SIGI is used as an official source for data on legal frameworks and non-discrimination on the basis of sex, collected in partnership with the World Bank Group and UN Women (SDG5.1.1). Together with the ILO and UN Women, the OECD is also one of the constituting International Organizations of the the Equal Pay International Coalition (EPIC) – a multi-stakeholder coalition that was launched in September 2017 and aims to contribute to progress on SDG 8.5, which calls for equal pay for work of equal value by 2030. The OECD’s work with the coalition involves knowledge sharing, capacity building, technical advisory services, and data analysis and monitoring.

OECD Recommendation - Gender equality in education, employment and entrepreneurship (May 2013) OECD Recommendation - Gender equality in public life (December 2015)

Corporate governance

OECD Corporate Governance Factbook 2019 (Jun 2019) G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (Nov 2015)

Development

Putting finance to work for gender equality and women’s empowerment: The way forward (Jan 2020) DAC Recommendation on Ending Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Harassment in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance (July 2019) SIGI 2019 Global Report: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities, Social Institutions and Gender Index (Mar 2019)

Education

Education at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators (Sep 2019) OECD (2019), Why don’t more girls choose to pursue a science career?, PISA in Focus (Feb 2019)

Employment and Well-Being

How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being (Mar 2020) Part-time and Partly Equal: Gender and Work in the Netherlands (Sep 2019) Rejuvenating Korea: Policies for a Changing Society (Oct 2019) Men’s Employment more Dependent on Trade than Women’s, OECD Statistical Insights (Apr 2019) How’s Life for women in the digital age? OECD Statistical Insights (Mar 2019) The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle (Oct 2017)

Entrepreneurship

The Missing Entrepreneurs 2019 (Dec 2019) OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019 (May 2019) Policy brief on incubators and accelerators that support inclusive entrepreneurship, OECD SME and Entrepreneurship (May 2019)

Environment

Sustainable connectivity: Closing the Gender gap in Infrastructure (Apr 2019)

Health

Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators (Nov 2019) Who Cares? Attracting and Retaining Care Workers for the Elderly (Apr 2020)

Public governance

Designing and Implementing Gender Budgeting: A Path to Action (Sep 2019) Fast Forward to Gender Equality: Mainstreaming, Implementation and Leadership (April 2019) OECD Toolkit for Mainstreaming and Implementing Gender Equality: Implementing the 2015 OECD Recommendation

OECD Regional Initiatives of Governance and Competitiveness

MENA-OECD Competitiveness Programme, including the MENA-OECD Women’s Economic Empowerment Forum (WEEF) MENA-OECD Governance Programme, including the Gender Equality in Public Life programme Science and digitalisation

The Role of Education and Skills in Bridging the Digital Gender Divide: Evidence from APEC Economies Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future (Mar 2019)

Transport

OECD/ITF (2019), Transport Connectivity: A Gender Perspective (Oct 2019) OECD/ITF Gender in Transport: ITF Consultation 2020 (Jan 2020)

Dare to Share: Germany’s Experience Promoting Equal Partnership in Families

Dare to Share: Germany’s Experience Promoting Equal Partnership in FamiliesThis review introduces the background to and issues at stake in promoting equal partnerships in families in Germany. It encourages German policy makers to build on the important reforms since the mid-2000s to enable both fathers and mothers to have careers and children, and urges families to “dare to share”. To those ends it places Germany’s experience in an international comparison, and draws from the experience in, for example, France and the Nordic countries which have longstanding policies to support work-life balance and strengthen gender equality. The review starts with an overview chapter also explaining why and how equal sharing pays for families, children, the economy and society as a whole. The book presents current outcomes, policy trends, as well as detailed analysis of the drivers of paid and unpaid work and how more equal partnerships in families may help sustain fertility rates. The book examines policies to promote partnership, looking both at persistent shortcomings and progress achieved through reform since the mid-2000s. The book includes a set of policy recommendations designed to enable parents to share work and family responsibilities more equally.

Contents

Chapter 1. Dare to share: Germany’s experience with promoting equal partnership in families

Chapter 2. Partnerships, family composition and the division of labour: Germany in the context of the OECD

Chapter 3. Policies to support equal partnership in families in Germany

Chapter 4. Earning and working unequally: Partnered parents in paid work

Chapter 5. How partners in couples share unpaid work

Chapter 6. Equal sharing and having children in Germany and France

iSbn 978-92-64-25914-081 2016 11 1 P

Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264259157-en.

This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.

9HSTCQE*cfjbea+

Dare to

Sh

are: G

ermany’s E

xperience P

rom

oting

Eq

ual P

artnersh

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ilies

Summary of OECD work on GENDER

Fast Forward to Gender

EqualityMAINSTREAMING, IMPLEMENTATION AND LEADERSHIP

Fast Forward to Gender Equality

MAINSTREAMING, IMPLEMENTATION AND LEADERSHIP

This report maps strategies, governance tools, institutional settings and innovative approaches used by

governments across the OECD to drive and support society-wide gender equality goals. It covers all state

institutions, including legislatures and judiciaries, and discusses the challenges faced by OECD countries in

achieving long-lasting impact. Finally, the report provides policy guidance for state institutions, supported by

examples of what works across the OECD. This report establishes a baseline for monitoring progress, based on

the 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life.

ISBN 978-92-64-31300-2

42 2019 04 1 P

Consult this publication on line at https://doi.org/10.1787/g2g9faa5-en.

This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.

Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.

9HSTCQE*dbdaac+

Fast Forw

ard to

Gen

der E

qu

ality MA

INS

TR

EA

MIN

G, IM

PLE

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Dare to Share: Germany’s

Experience Promoting Equal

Partnership in FamiliesDare to Share: Germany’s Experience Promoting

Equal Partnership in Families

This review introduces the background to and issues at stake in promoting equal partnerships in families

in Germany. It encourages German policy makers to build on the important reforms since the mid-2000s

to enable both fathers and mothers to have careers and children, and urges families to “dare to share”.

To those ends it places Germany’s experience in an international comparison, and draws from the experience

in, for example, France and the Nordic countries which have longstanding policies to support work-life balance

and strengthen gender equality. The review starts with an overview chapter also explaining why and how equal

sharing pays for families, children, the economy and society as a whole. The book presents current outcomes,

policy trends, as well as detailed analysis of the drivers of paid and unpaid work and how more equal

partnerships in families may help sustain fertility rates. The book examines policies to promote partnership,

looking both at persistent shortcomings and progress achieved through reform since the mid-2000s. The book

includes a set of policy recommendations designed to enable parents to share work and family responsibilities

more equally.

Contents

Chapter 1. Dare to share: Germany’s experience with promoting equal partnership in families

Chapter 2. Partnerships, family composition and the division of labour: Germany in the context of the OECD

Chapter 3. Policies to support equal partnership in families in Germany

Chapter 4. Earning and working unequally: Partnered parents in paid work

Chapter 5. How partners in couples share unpaid work

Chapter 6. Equal sharing and having children in Germany and France

iSbn 978-92-64-25914-0

81 2016 11 1 P

Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264259157-en.

This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.

Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.

9HSTCQE*cfjbea+

Dare to

Share

: Germ

any’s Exp

erience Pro

mo

ting E

qu

al Partn

ership in Fam

ilies

Part‑time and Partly

Equal: Gender and Work

in the Netherlands

Part‑time and Partly Equal: Gender and Work

in the Netherlands

The Netherlands performs well on many measures of gender equality, but the country faces a persistent

equality challenge between women and men: the high share of women in part‑time jobs. Nearly 60% of women

in the Dutch labour market work part‑time, roughly three times the OECD average for women, and over three

times the rate for Dutch men. The Netherlands’ gender gap in hours worked contributes to the gender gap

in earnings, the gender gap in pensions, women’s slower progression into management roles, and the unequal

division of unpaid work at home. These gaps typically widen with parenthood, as mothers often reduce hours

in the labour market to take on more unpaid care work at home.

The Dutch government must redouble its efforts to achieve gender equality. Better social policy support can

help level the playing field between men and women, contribute to more egalitarian norms around the division

of work, and foster more gender‑equal behaviour in paid and unpaid work in the Netherlands.

ISBN 978‑92‑64‑66672‑6

Consult this publication on line at https://doi.org/10.1787/204235cf-en.

This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.

Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.

9HSTCQE*ggghcg+

Part‑tim

e and

Partly E

qu

al: Gen

der an

d W

ork in th

e Neth

erland

s

See more: www.oecd.org/gender