AD-Ai27 083 EFFECTS OF HIGH HEAT INPUT WELDING OP CONSTRUCTION f/EELS A36 A514 AND A516(U) CONSTHUCTION ERGINEERING

RESEARCH LAR (ARMY CHAMPAION IL R WEBER JAN 83

UNCLASSIFIED CERLT- 32 H/ 13/ 38mmmmmuihomi

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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART

NATIONAL BUR.AJ OF STANDARDS 1963 A

constrctionUnited States ArmyCo~ tr ofEnine TECHNICAL REPORT M-326engineering N.-ftlotlo., January 1983

oresearchSlaboratory

EFFECTS OF HIGH HEAT INPUT WELDINGOF CONSTRUCTION STEELS A36, A514, AND A516

byR. Weber

DTICSE LECTE fAPR t1

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4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED

EFFECTS OF HIGH HEAT INPUT WELDIN4G OFFIACONSTRUCTION STEELS A36, A514, An A516FIA

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(a) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)

R. Weber

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKU.S. ARMY AREA G WORK UNIT NUMBERS

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY 4A762731AT41-B-034P.O. BOX 4005, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NANE AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

January 1983'3. NUMBER OFPAGES

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17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, If different from Report)

It. KEY WORDS (Coninue on reverse side ft necosa mid ldea fl&~ by block number)

steelstructural steelgas metal arc weldingshielded metal arc welding

2&. ArR ACr (Cbmi~of st reveen .1* N nmeessmy md hiegnif by block nmber)

This report documents the results of a study of shielded metal-arc welding (SMAW)and gas metal-arc welding (GMAW) butt weld tests using high heat inputs of 60 to 90ki/in. (2362 to 3543 i/mm). The steels used in this study were American Society forTesting and Materials (ASTM) Specifications A36, AS 14, and AS 16. Plate thicknesseswere 3/4to I in. (19 to 25 mm).

(Cont'd on next page)j

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BLOCK 20. (CONTVD).

It was concluded that strength levels were generally reduced by the higher heat inputs,but impact properties were not affected. A table of recommended heat inputs for thesteels and electrodes investigated during this study is given.

UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLAIIFICAT104 OF T141S PAK (EW(n Data nfted)

7n

FOREWORD

Ihis investigation was performed for the Directorate of Engineering and Construc-ior )ftice of the Chief of Engineers (OCE) under Project 4A762731AT41, "Mili-

tar, viacilities 'nigineering Technology": Task Area B, "Construction Managementand Technology". Work Unit 034. "Welding Criteria for Construction Based on ProcessVariables and Flaw Criticality." The OCE Technical Monitor is Mr. George Matsunlura.DAEN-ECE4;.

This investigation was performed by the Engineering and Materials (EM) Division ofthe U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL). Dr. R. Quat: )neis Chief of CERL-EM.

COL Louis J. Circeo is Commander and Director of CERL, and Dr. L. R. Shaffer isTechnical Director.

Aocession For

NTIS GRA&IDTIC TAB

Unanmnottnwed F]Justif o ..

By

Distribut ion/ ......

Availability CodesAvail and/or

Dist special

3I

CONTENTS

DD FORM 1473 1FOREWORD 3LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 5

1INTRODUCTION............................................. 7BackgroundObjectiveMode of Technology Transfer

2 APPROACH................................................. 8MaterialsExperimental ProcedureWelding Procedure

3 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION............................... 9A36 WeldmentsA516 WeldmentsA514 WeldmentsGeneral

4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................... 11

TABLES AND FIGURES

DISTRIBUTIOND

4

TABLES

Number Page

I Plate and Welding Electrode Materials Used 11

2 As-Received Tensile Properties of the ASTM-Specified Plate Material Used 12

3 AWS Specification Tensile Property Requirements for Electrodes 12

4 Welding Variables Used to Produce the High Heat Input Weldments 12

5 Tensile Test Results A36 Steel SMAW 13

6 Tensile Test Results- A36 Steel GMAW 14

7 Tensile Test Results-A516 Steel SMAW 14

8 Tensile Test Results-A516 Steel SMAW 15

9 Tensile Test Results-A514 Steel SMAW 15

10 Tensile Test Results--A514 Steel GMAW 16

11 Heat Input Limits for A36, A516, and A514 Steel 16

FIGURES

Number Page

I Joint Design Used for the A36, A514, and A516 Steel Weldments 16

2 Schematic Showing Specimen Location as Machined From Weldment 17

3 Photomacrographs of A36 Steel Weldments Made With SMAW andGMAW Processes 18

4 Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input for A36 Steel and E7018SMAW Electrode 19

S Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input for A36 Steel and ER70S-3GMAW Electrode 20

6 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AM 21

7 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AQ 22

8 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AT 23

9 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AJ 24

10 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AK 25

I I Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A36Weldment AG 26

FIGURES (Cont'd)

Number Page

12 Photomacrographs of AS16 Weldnients Made With SMAW andGMAW Processes 27

13 Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input foi A516 Steel and E7018SMAW Electrode 28

14 Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input for AS 16 Steel and ER70S-3GMAW Electrode 29

15 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AN 30

16 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AR 31

17 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AS 32

18 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AD 33

19 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AE 34

20 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A516Weldment AF 35

21 Photomacrograph of A514 Weldments Made With SMAW and GMAWProcesses 36

22 Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input for A514 Steel and El 1018SMAW Electrode 37

23 Tensile Strength vs. Heat Input for A514 Steel and ERI20S-1GMAW Electrode 38

24 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldient AL 39

25 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldment AP 40

26 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldment AU 41

27 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldment AH 42

28 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldment AC 43

29 Dynamic Tear Impact Energy vs. Test Temperature for A514Weldment AB 44

6

A . --nt

EFFECTS OF HIGH-HEAT INPUT WELDING refined these limits using their interrelationship withOF CONSTRUCTION STEELS A35, A514, nugget area and heat input based on butt weld me-AND A516 chanical properties. This work concentrated on the

limits for SMAW and GMAW electrodes combined witha carbon steel (A36), a pressure-vessel steel (A516.

I and a high-strength, low-alloy steel (A514).2 The thirdpart of the study refined these limits by looking at the

effects of high restraint on the weld joint and the

Background effects on mechanical properties as well as the problemIn many structures built recently, the U.S. Army of cracking in the weld joint under the influence of

Corps of Engineers has taken advantage of some of the high restraint. This report documents additional dataphysical and mechanical property improvements of the from SMAW and GMAW butt weld tests using high-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) heat inputs of 60 to 90 kJ/in. (2362 to 3543 J/nm).

Specification A516 for carbon steel plate for moderateand lower temperature pressure vessels, and ASTM CERL's earlier work mainly used welding heatA514 for hgh-strength, low-alloy structural steel. inputs in the low-to-moderate range (less than 60 kJ/in.

However, adequate weldability safeguards are required [2362 J/mml). That research suggested limits on thewhen structures are built under special provisions for heat input to insure the quality and strength levels ofthe use of higher-quality steels. Weld-related failures the deposited weld netal using plates 3/4- and I-in.can include structural failures attributed to lamellar (19- and 25-mm) thick to represent the greatest thick-tearing of plates as a result of welding, failures of ness found in typical Corps of Engineers constructien.structural beams caused by misapplication of theshielded metal-arc welding (SNIAW) process. and Those limits, set for the low ends of the heat inputfailures in high-temperature hot water distribution range, were based on the operating and handlingsystems because of overstress caused by lack-of characteristics of the electrode and the quality of thepenetration defects. weld metal. The upper limits were set based on the

mechanical properties of the weld and its heat-affectedSMAW and gas metal-arc welding (GMAW) are the zone (HAZ). In manx cases, the upper limits were

predominant forms of electric arc welding used today. tentative because there were no data for high heatSMAW is used about twi ce as often as GMAW for both input weldments. The strength levels, particularly thefield and shop fabricati . For many years, the only yield strength. tended to decrease as the heat inputway to control these welding processes has been to increased. Lines were projected to show where thelimit the heat input (measured in Joules per linear upper limit would be.inch of weld). Heat input is determined by using thesimple relation: The series of welds described in this report were

made in the same three types of steel used in thevoltage x current previous studies (ASTM A36, A514, and A516). using

teat tnput = travel speed the same two welding processes (SMAW and GMAW).

The weldments were then examined to determine theThe heat input limit was generally set to a maximum of upper limits of the heat input.55 kJ/in. (2165 J/mm).

ObjectiveThe US. Army Construction Engineering Research The objective of the portion of the study reported

Laboratory (CERL) has conducted a three-part re- here was to determine the high heat input limitssearch program to determine voltage, current, and necessary to ensure proper weld strength levels fortravel speed limits for various plate steels and welding construction steels.electrodes. it the first part of the study, the limits onvoltage, ctrrent, and electrode travel speed were 2determined on the basis of bead-on-plate welds ex- R. A. Weber, Determination of the Effect of Orrent and

Travel Speed of Gas Metal-Are Welding on the Mechnicalamined for quality.' The second part of the study Properties of A36. A516. and A514 Steels. Technical Report

R. A. Weber, Determination of Arc Voltage. Amperage, M-278/ADA085342 (CERL, May 1980).

and Travel Speed Limits hy Bead-on-Plate Welding, Technical 3R. A. Weber, Weldahility (haracteristics of Construc-Report M-197/AI)A033684 (U.S. Army Construction Engi- lion Steels A36. A514, and A316. Technical Report M-302.'neering Research Laboratory 10TRLI • I)ecember 1976). ADA 111866 (CERL, December 1981).

7

Mode of Technology Transfer apparatus. The surfaces were then ground with anThe information in this report is part of a research abrasive disk grinder to remove the oxides and slags

effort designed to maintain Corps of Engineers Guide from the weld joint area. Each completed weldmentSpecification (CEGS) 05141 Welding, Structural; was nondestructively examined for soundness usingCEGS 15116, Welding, Mechanical; and Army Tech- X-ray radiography in accordance with MIL-R 11468.nical Manual (TM) 5-805-7. Welding: Design. Pro- If the weldment had not met the specification. itcedures, and Inspection. would have been redone.

One macrospecimen, three tensile specimens, and 102 APPROACH dynamic tear impact specimens were machined from

each completed sound weldment. Figure 2 shows aschematic of specimen locations as machined from

CERL achieved the objective of this study by the weldments.defining the upper limits of heat input by testing thetensile and impact strength of joint welds produced The impact specimens were machined so that half

with manual SMAW and automatic GMAW in carbon were notched in the weld metal and the other half were

steel (A36). pressure-vessel steel (A516), and high- notched adjacent to the weld in the HIAZ. They were

strength, low-alloy steel (AS14). tested at temperatures ranging from -40 to +600 Caccording to ASTM standards.'

MaterialsTable I lists the plate steels (by ASTM code num- Two of the tensile specimens were machined from

bers) and the electrodes (by AWS code numbers) used the weld metal; the third was machined from the HAZ.

in this investigation. Electrode types were selected for All the tensile specimens were tested as ambient

use with plate materials based on the AWS Structural temperature according to Military Standard (MIL-STD)

Welding Code and the common usage for Corps of 418c.6 The tensile test results included the yield

Engineers construction.4 One type of plate steel was strength, the ultimate tensile strength. the elongation.

chosen from each of the three categories of steel used and the reduction in area.frequently in Corps construction: The macrospecimens were polished and etched using

I. Carbon steel (ASTM A36) Nitol etchant and visually examined for small flaws notshown by radiography.

2. Pressure-vessel steel (ASTM A516)Welding Procedure

3. High-strength, low-alloy steel (ASTM AS 14). Arc voltage, current, and travel speed for all speci-mens were selected based on the results of CERL's

Table 2 lists the as-received tensile properties and previous work. Table 4 shows the welding variables

the ASTM specification limit-. for each of the plate for all the weldments. The same joint design was used

materials used in this investigation. Table 3 lists the for each material type. The nonstandard joint was

AWS specification limits for the electrodes used it used to insure enough weld metal for all the tests.

fabricate the high heat input weldments. All welding was done using direct current with theelectrode's positive terminal.

Experimental ProcedureThe weld joint used in this investigation was a The heat inputs were targeted at 60, 75, and 90

60-degree included angle, single-V butt joint with a kJ/in. (2362, 2952, and 3543 J/mm) for each process1/8-in (3.2-mm) root opening with backing strap and material. The actual heat inputs are shown in(Figure 1). The weld length was about 24 in. (610 Table 4.mm). The completed test weldment was about 12 x 24in. (305 x 610 mm). Each plate material required six 51982 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 10. Metalsweldments, a total of 18 weldments. All plate material Physical, Mechanical. Corrosion Testing. Designation E604.was cut and leveled using an oxyacetylene cutting "Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Energy of Metallic

Materials," pp 709-717.4 Structural Welding Code, DI .1 (American Welding Society 6Mechanical Tests for Welded Joints. Military Standard

lAWS , 1982). (MIL-STD) 41" (June 1972).

.I I II I- nn- - -a I

3 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION strength is almost double the typical base metal prop-erties. These are very high and show that the IIAZ hasbeen hardened to near its capacity. This situation, it

A36 Weldments encountered in a construction weld joint, is cause forTensile Test Results concern because of the ductility loss that accompanies

Figure 3 is a photoinacrograph of the macro- these high-strength levels. Only two of the six SMAWspecimens ftrom the SMAW and GMAW weldments. tensile specimens met the elongation criteria of 22The cross sections in the figure show that the weld percent. All of the GMAW tensile specimens hadbeads are made up of very coarse dendrites. The HAZ enough ductility to meet the 22 percent elongationcontains refined grain sizes and coarser grains. The heat requirements. The SMAW specimens were significantlyof welding is sufficient to refine the coarse dendrites more porous, which affected their ductility.of the previous weld bead or cause grain growth inthe already fine grains of the base metal. The GMAW Impact Test Resultsbeads penetrate deeper than the SMAW beads. Figures 6 through 11 graph the dynamic tear

impact energy vs. test temperature for each weldment.Table 5 and Figure 4 present the test results for the Each figure gives the all-weld metal impact results and

E7018 weld metal and the A36 IIAZ specimens over the associated HAZ impact results. The transitionthe respective heat inputs. Table 6 and Figure 5 present temperatures* for the HAZ specimens were remarkablythe test results for the ER70S-3 weld metal and the close to those of the all-weld specimens. All the transi-A36 ItAZ specimens over the respective heat inputs. tion temperatures were lower for these high heatThe minimum yield strength and ultimate tensile input welds than for the lower heat input conditionsstrength are the same for both the GMAW and the previously reported. These transition temperaturesSMAW welding electrodes: 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) mini- ranged from 0 to -200 C, which put them in line withmum yield strength and 72 ksi (496.4 MPa) minimum the reported value of around -,*0C for A36 base plate.tensile strength. At the highest heat input of the There was no significant difference in the impactSMAW test, the tensile strength shows scattered results results between the SMAW and GMAW weldments.with one value below the minimum. The mechanicalproperties of the weld are otherwise satisfactory. On A516 Weldmentsthe other hand. the usability of the electrode falls off Tensile Test Resultsrather rapidly as tile heat input increases. The two Figure 12 is the photomacrographs of the A516welds at 75 and 90 kJ/in. (2952 and 3543 J/mm) heat SMAW and GMAW weldments. Since this was the sameinput w'-' very difficult to fabricate because the slag weld metal as used for the A36 weldments. the heat ofwas extremely fluid and difficult to control. Porosity welding caused grain refinement of the coarse dendriteswas a continuous problem. The 60-kJ/in. (2362-J/mm) of the weld metal. The base metal shows some grainheat input weld weld had a marked reduction in coarsening, but not nearly as much of the A36 steeltensile ductility because of porosity in the weld metal showed. The GMAW beads penetrated deeper thanthat affected the tensile test results. The other test the SMAW beads.specimens had relatively small amounts of porosityeven though the weldment had porosity scattered Table 7 and Figure 13 present the test results forthrough it. the E7018 weld metal and the A516 HAZ specimens

over the respective heat inputs. Table 8 and Figure 14The GMAW yield strength was at or below the present the test results for the ER70S-3 weld metal and

minimum of 60 ksi (413.7 MPa). When compared to the A516 HAZ specimens over the respective heatthe previous data for this system, the yield strength inputs. The minimum yield strength and ultimatehad apparently leveled off between 50 and 60 ksi tensile strength are the same for both the SMAW and(344.7 and 413.7 MPa). This confirms the previous the GMAW electrodes: 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) minimunmaximum limit of 50 ki/in. (1969 J/mam). Unlike the yield strength and 72 ksi (496.4 MPa) minimumSMAW electrodes, there were no usability problems tensile strength.with the GMAW system.

The IIAZ results for both processes show an in- *Note: For this study, the transition temperature wascrease in yield and tensile strength over the unaffected computed as the knee of the dynamic tear curve at the towerplate material. The SMAW weldments' ilAZ yield shelf.

9

As the heat input increases from 60 to 90 kJ/in. A514 Weldments(2302 to 3543 J 'mn), the yield strength of the SMAW Tensile Test Resultsweld metal decreases to just above the minimum Figure 21 shows the photomacrographs ol tiestength level permitted. Also, the span between tile SMAW and GMAW weldments in the A5 14 steel. Thetwo specimens decreases as the heat input increases. SMAW weldment has two pockets of slag and theThe tensile strength was satisfactory the lowest value GMAW weldment has an area of poor penetrationwas 73.6 ksi (507.5 MPl. The IIAZ yield and tensile and fusion. The heat of welding had less effect on thestrength results show the samie trends as tile all-weld previous weld bead than tor the other weldments.specimens, with the strength decreasing as the heat There was very little grain refinement of the coarseinput increased. In no case did the IIAZ yield strength dendrites and minimal grain coarsening in the basefall below the 38 ksi (262.0 MPa) minimum for the metal.A51 Grade 70 plate. The tensile strength also did notgo below the 70 ksi (482.6 NIPa) minimum for the Table 9 and Figure 22 present the test results forbase plate. the El 1018 weld metal and the AS 14 IIAZ specimens

over the respective heat inputs. Table Iu and Figure23 present the test results for the ER120S-I weld

Fihe tensile results of the GMAW weldments shown metal and the A5 14 HAZ specimens over the respectivein Figure 14 show that the yield strength of the all- heat inputs.weld metal specimens is at or below the minimumrequirements of 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) for all heat inputs. The yield strength of the SMAW weldments dropsThe ultimate tensile strengths of the all-weld specimens off as the heat input increases. All the welds meetdecline with increasing heat input. The values for the the minimum requirements for yield strength othighest heat input were below tie 72 ksi (496.4 MPa) 97 ksi (668.8 MPa). All but two of tile specimensminimum for the ER70S-3 filler metal. The results of met the 110 ksi (758.4 MPa) minimum tensile strengththe HAZ test specimens are within the specification requirement. The two that did not meet the require-limits for the A5 16 Grade 70 plate material. Only one ment had heavy porosity that also interfered withof the SMAW tensile specimens had less elongation the ductility as shown by tile low elongation andthan required for the E7018 electrode (22 percent). reduction-in-area measurements. Tile minimum otAll others exceeded the requirements. As with the 15 percent elongation was met by only two of theA36 steel weldments, the GMAW tensile specimens tensile bars.all exceeded the 22 percent elongation requirements.there was somewhat less porosity in the A516 and The yield strength of the GMAW weldments fellE7018 weldments than in the A36 and E7018 weld- below the 105 ksi (723.7 MPa) minimum for all butnents but it was still considered a problem along with two of the specimens. The material microstructurethe fluidity of the slag. apparently changed from a martensitic to pearlitic

bainitic microstructure: thus, the previous maximumImpact Test Results of 50 k/in. (1968 J/mm) heat input should remain.

Figures 15 through 20 graph for each weldment The difference between the GMAW and t!," SMAWthe dynamic tear impact energy absorbed vs. test tensile strength results probably lies in the differencetenperat tire for tile range of heat inputs investigated, in the chemical make-up of the two systems.

ach figure gives tile all-weld metal impact resultsand the associated IIAZ impact results. The transition Intlpact Resultstemperatures for the IIAZ specimens were mostly Figures 24 through 29 graph the dynamic tearhigher than the all-weld metal specimens, although the impact energy vs. test temperature for each weldment.transition temperatures were on a par with the high The figures give the all-weld metal impact results andheat input end of previously reported data. These the associated IIAZ impact results. The impact energytransitions ranged from +15 to -200 C. This tempera- at a given temperature for the IIAZ specimens isture range brackets the transition temperature of the lower than that for the all-weld specimens. The transi-base plate (around -5 0 C). There is no significant tion temperature for the weld metal is at or belowdifference between the impact results for the SMAW -20'C, while the transition for the HAZ is not welland GMAW processes at this high heat input, defined. The values for the impact specimens all appear

10

* * ~ 4 . .. ~ - ....

to be on the lower shelf out to (o"c. Tis is in, tire strength levels but nlot t aIccLI the ro1lpa.1

contrast to the unafected base plate results reported properties.earlier that had a transition o 60cC.

1. The A36 steel weldments with E7018 SMAWGeneral electrode were limited to 55 kJ/in. (2165 Jmm) b%

This work has confirmed the previous limits for usability problems with fluid sag and porosity, eveneach material and electrode used in the investigation. though the strength was satisfactory.The usability of the SMAW electrodes became a largeconcern as tie heat input was increased The moltenslag had high fluidity that allowed it to run every- et The 36 ste teld0ent ith E16JS- I bAwhere, making slag entrapment a problem. The SMAW tre were lied to rquim. (16 ihm bwork also produced large quantities of porosity that electrode material.caused the ductility to fall oft. These usability con-cerns are the limiting factors for the heat input.

3. The A516 steel weldments with E701 SMAWThe GMAW electrodes did not have the same us- electrode were limited to 50 kJ in. (1968 J/Imm) b%

abilit% problems. Because of the chemical differences the usability of the electrode with fluid sag and bybetween the SMAW and GMAW electrodes, the strength porosity.level of the GMAW weldments decreased with increas-ing heat input until, at some point, the strength was 4. The A5 16 steel weldments wtith ER7OS-1 GMAWbelow the minimum requirement. This was true for the electrode were limited to 50 kJiti. (1968 J/mm) bvER7OS-3 electrode. Because of different transformation the minimum yield strength requirements for theproducts. the ER120S-1 electrode strength levels fell electrode material.below the minimum at heat inputs above 50 kJ/in.1968 Jmt). i. The AS 14 steel weldinents with F 1101 SMAW

electrode were limited to 55 kJ."i. (2165 J ini h\There were no observed trends in the itmipact results the usability of the electrode with tluid sag at these

for any' of the weidments produced for this series or high heat inputs and by porosity.when com[ red to the previous work.

6. The A514 steel weldments with ERI 20S GN1A\,

electrode were limited to 50 kJin. (196l J'mm) b\4 ONCLUSIONS AND the mimimum yield strength requirements for the

RECOMMENDATIONS electrode material.

Based on these results, it is recommended that theFor each of the materials investigated, the ef- heat input limits given in Table 11 be used for the

fects of increased heat input are generally to reduce steels and electrodes described in this report.

Table IPlate and Welding Electrode Materials Used

Plate MaterialASTM No. l'hk'knem, in. (mm) Flectrode Diameter. in. (mm)

A36 3/4 19) 1F7018 1/8 3.2)IR70S-3 1/16(1.6)

A516, Grade 70 1(25.4) E7018 I/8 (3.2)ER70S-3 1/16 (1.6)

A514 3/4(19) E 11018 1/8 (3.2)ER 120S-1 1/16(1.6)

III

Table 2As-Received Tensile Properties of the ASTM-Specified Plate Material Used

ReductionYield Strength, ksi Ultimate Tensile Elongation in Area

Plate Type (MPa) Strength, ksi (MPa) %

A36 35.6 (245.5) 70.5 (486.1) 34.8 54 o

34.8 1239.9) 70.0 (482.6) 33.8 60.7

Specilication 36 minimum (248.2) 58-80 1399.9-551.6) 23 minimum Not specified

AS 16, (rade 70 39.9 1275. 1) 74.8 (515.7) 33.0 54.540.5 (279.2) 75.2 (518.5) 30.9 53.9

Specification 38 minimum (262) 70-90 (482.6-620.5) 21 minimum Not specified

A514 121.3 (836.3) 124.7 (859.8) 20.9 69.1121.3 (836.3) 124.3 (857.0) 21.1 70.1

Specification 100 minimum (689.5) 110-130 (758.4-896.3) 18 minimum 40 minimum

Table 3AWS Specification Table Property Requirements for Electrodes

UltimateTensile

Yield Strength, Strength, ElongationElectrode Specification ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) %

E7018 A5.1-69 60(413.7) 72(496.4) 22

El 1018 A5.5--69 97(668.8) 110(758.4) 15

ER70S-3 A5.18-69 60(413.7) 72(496.4) 22

ER120S-1 AS.28-79 105-122 (724.0-841.2) 120 (827.4) 14

Table 4Welding Variables Used to Produce the High Heat Input Weldments

SMAW

Weldment HeatSpecimen Travel Input

rientification Voltage Current Speed J/in. (J/mm)

A36 Steel, 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thick

AM 28 165 4.6 60,260 (2372)AQ 28 165 3.7 74,919 (2950)AT 28 165 3.1 89,419 (3520)

A516 Steel, I in. (25 ram) Thick

AN 28 165 4.6 60,260 (2372)AR 28 165 3.7 74,919 (2950)AJ 28 165 3.1 89,419 (3520)

A514 Steel. 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thick

AL 28 165 4.7 58,979 (2322)AP 28 165 3.7 74.919 (2950)AU 28 165 3.1 89.419 (3520)

12

Table 4 (Cont'd)

(;MAW

Weldment HeatSpecimen Travel Input

Identificafion Voltage Current Speed J/in. (J/mm)

A36 Steel. 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thick

AJ 32 360 9.2 75.130 12958)AK 32 360 7.1 89,766 (3534)

AG 32 340 7.7 91.944 (3620)

A516 Steel, I in. (25 mm) Thick

AD 33 360 11.0 64.800 (2551)AE 32 370 8.9 79.820 (3142)

Al 32 350 7.0 96.000 (3779)

A514 Steel, 314 in. (19 mm) Thick

AH 27 460 12.6 59.143 (23281

AC 30 440 10.9 72.660 (2860)All 30 430 7.2 107.500 (4232)

Table 5Tensile Test Results-A36 Steel SMAW

Welding UltimateWeldment Heat yield Tensle Reduction

Specimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in AreaIdentification J/in. (J/mm) ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) %

All-Weld Specimens

AM 60.260 (2372) 86.4 (595.7) 86.4 (595.7) 7.3 26.562.0 (422.5) 70.0 (482.6) 10.1 28.5

AQ 74.919 (2950) 63.0 (434.4) 75.0 (517.1) 20.0 43.169.0 (475.7) 80.0 (551.6) 22.4 70.0

AT 89.419 (3520) 72.0 (496.4) 86.0 (593.0) 27.0 67.360.6 (417.8) 67.2 (463.0) 11.0 19.1

HAZ Specimens

AM 60.260 (2372) 71.0 4489,5) 96.0 (661.9) 23.6 53.9At) 74.919 (2950) 66.0 (455.0) 94.0 (648.1) 24.0 52.3AT 89.419 f 3520) 71.0 (489.5) 100.6 (693.6) 20.9 50.9

13

Table 6Tensile Test Results-A36 Steel GMAW

Welding UltimateWeldment Ileat Yield Tensile ReductionSpecimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in Area

Identification i/in. (J/mm) ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) % %

All-Weld Specimens

AJ 75.130 (2458) 60.2 (415.1) 76.2 (525.4) 26.2 63.656.1 (386.8) 72.2 (497.8) 26.4 61.6

AK 89,766 (3534) 58.1 (400.6) 76.2 (525.4) 28.2 44.952.1 (359.2) 70.2 (484.0) 34.5 61.6

AG 91,944 (2958) 53.1 (366.1) 68.2 (470.2) 28.9 49.552.1 (359.2) 62.2 (428.8) 32.3 64.0

HAZ Specimens

AJ 75,130 (2958) 54.1 (373.0) 80.2 (552.0) 27.2 48.9AK 89.766 (3534) 57.1 (393.7) 79.2 (546.1) 32.0 51.7At 91.944 (2958) 75.1 (517.8) 80.2 (553.0) 31.2 58.1

Table 7Tensile Test Results-AS 16 Steel SMAW

Welding UltimateWeldment Heat Yield Tensile ReductionSpecimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in Area

Identification J/in. (J/mm) ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) % %

All-Weld Specimens

AN 60,260 (2372) 74.0 (510.2) 84.0 (579.2) 24.1 68.263.2 (435.8) 77.0 (530.9) 27.1 71.7

AR 74,919 (2950) 70.0 (482.6) 80.6 (555.7) 18.5 46.762.0 (427.5) 73.6 (507,5) 29.7 73.0

AS 89,419 (3520) 66.0 (455.1) 78.0 (537.8) 27.0 71.761.2 (422.0) 76.0 (524.0) 23.8 62.2

HAZ Specimen

AN 60,260 (2372) 66.0 (455.1) 83.0 (527.3) 25.6 67.8AR 74.919 (2950) 64.0 (441.3) 81.8 (564.0) 28.8 69.1AS 89,419 (3520) 63.2 (435.8) 80.4 (554.3) 27.2 70.9

14

Table 8Tensile Test Results-A516 Steel GMAW

Welding UltimateWeldment leat Yield Tensile Reduction

Specimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in Area

Identification J/in. (J/mm) ki (MPa) ki (MPa) % %

All-Weld Specimens

Al 64.800(12551) 561 (386.8) 72.1 497.1) 27.4 44.3

56.1 (386.8) 72.2 (497.8) 28.8 43.1

Al' 79.820 (43142) 60.1 (414.4) 75.2(518.5) 26.0 65.5

56.1 (386.8) 70.2 (484.0) 27.5 60.6

AF 96.000 (3779) 57.1 (393.7) 69.2 (477.1) 27.2 60.648 1 (331.6) 60.1 (414.4) 23.6 64.0

HiAZ Specimens

A) 64.800 12551) 62.2 (428.8) 80.2 (553.0) 24.7 501

AL 79.820 (3142) 56.1 (386.8) 71.0 (489 5) 27.4 56.6

Al" 96,000 (3779) 56.1 (386.8) 77.2 (532.3) 29.6 57 6

Table 9Tensile Test Results-AS 14 Steel SMAW

Welding Ultimate

Weldment Heat Yield Tensile Reduction

Specimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in Area

Identification Jin. (J/mm) ksi (MPa) kg (MPa) % %

All-Weld Specimens

AL 58,979 (2322) 108.6 (748.6) 108.6 (748.6) 6.0 24.9

108.0 (744.6) 126.0 (868.7) 18.5 63.6

AP 74.919 (2950) 100.6 (693.6) 116.6 (803.9) 10.5 31.2

108.0 (744.6) 113.0 (779.1) 12.0 4.7

AU 89.419 (3520) 98.2 (677.1) 107.6 (741.9) 7.6 21.0102.0 (703.3) 118.8 (819.1) 20.3 59.2

HAZ Specimens

AL 58.979 (2322) 17.6 (810.8) 126.0 (868.7) 22.1 67.8

AP 74,919 (2950) 117.0 (806.7) 125.0 (861.8) 18.3 65.5

AU 89,419 (3520) 120.0 (827.4) 130.((896.3) 18.4 66.1

1'5

~ - .!

Table 10Tensile Test Results- A514 Steel GMAW

Welding UltimateWeldment Heat Yield Tensile ReductionSpecimen Input Strength Strength Elongation in Area

Identification J/in. ti/mm) ki (MPa) ksi (WPa)

All-Weld Metal

All 59.143 12328) 98.2 1677.1) 108.3 (746.7) 19.9 55.592.2 (635.7) 109.2 (752.9) 20.4 44.9

AC 72.660 (2860) 108.3 (746.7) 117.3 (808.8) 23.5 72.692.2 (635.7) 107.2 (739.1) 22.7 69.5

AB 107,500 (4232) 98.2 (677.1) 114.3 (788.1) 23.1 63.6100.3 (760.5) 130.3 (898.4) 17.8 62.1

HAZ Specimen

AH 59.643 (2328) 100.2 (690.8) 126.3 (870.8) 21.9 53.4AC 72,660 (2860) 116.3 (801.9) 126.3 (870.8) 19.4 65.5AB 107.500 (4232) 112.3 (774.3) 124.3 (857.0) 18.3 64.0

Table I 1Heat Input Limits for A36, AS 16, and A514 Steel

Heat Input LimitsSteel Electrode kJ/in. (J/mm)

A36 17018 20 to 55 (787.4 to 2165.4)E70S-3 20 to 50 (788.4 to 1968.5)

A516 E7018 20 to 50 (787.4 to 1968.5)E70S-3 20 to 50 (787.4 to 1968.5)

A514 F11018 20 to 55 (787.4 to 2165.4)FI20S-1 25 to 50 (984.3 to 1968.5)

600

~Plate Thickness

(See Table 1)

-.1K 1/8 Backing StripFigure 1. Joint design used for the A36, A514, and AS 16 steel weldments.

16

Weld

Cross Section Showing -L..orsi_

Relative Positions ofTensile Specimens

Weld ATensile Specimens

DT

DT

DT

OTOT

DT

DT

O.T

DT

OT

DT

Note: Half of OTs Notched In Weld Metal, and Half of DTsNotched In HAZ.

Figure 2. Schematic showing specimen location as machined from weldment.

17

- -~-r

I I I II II*,. .z.

SN1 A.3

Figure 3. Photoiuacrogruphs ot AX30 steel w eIdiuents made w ih SM AV .ind (,N1M piV ese ( pl ati c t I1ikno v

18

120

0 All-Weld Yield Strength0 All-Weld Tensile Strength

JO A HAZ Yield Strength4 HAZ Tensile Strength

00 0

900

60- 0

'o 0 I1I ,

-. ,.

50 055 60 65 70 75 s0 85 90 95 100

Heat Input, Wi/n.

Figure 4. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A36 steel and E7018 SMAW electrode. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi =6.895 MPa; I ki/in. =39.37 J/mm.)

19

65 - - -

0 All-Weld Yield Strength

0 All-Weld Tensile Strength

80- a HAZ Yield Strength A& HAZ Tensile Strength £

0 0

75-

"To-

70

60- 010

00

0

0 0

I I I I I I5 60 690 7 0 85 90 95 10055 60 65 To 75 9

Heat Input, kj/in.

Figure 5. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A36 steel and ER70S-3 GMAW electrode. (Metric conversion factors:

I ksi 6.895 MPa; I k/in. 39.37 J/mm.)

20

.Ow - II I I,. .,,--

1400

0 All-Weldo HAZ

1200

1000

800-Ez

600- 0

0

400- 0

0 0

a200-

09o, , I, I I I-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temerature, C

Figure 6. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weldment AM. (Metric conversion factors:I kmi = 6.895 MPa; I ki/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

21

* . . ... *'-' ; --- -II - rll_ - _

1400

0 All-Weldo HAZ

1200

1000-

am0 0E

.00

400-

00C I I

0 1 1I-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temprature, C

Figure 7. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weldment AQ. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa, I kJ/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

22

1400

0 All-Weldo I4AZ

1200

1000-

0

- 00 0

4* 00-

00400- 0

00

00

-q60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temperature, OC

Figure 8. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weidment AT. (Metric conversion factors:

I ksi =6.895 MPa; I kWin. =39.37 i/mm.)

23

1400

0 Ail-Weldo HAZ

1200-

1000

800-Ez

I-

600-

400- 00 a

0 0

20

a a

o I I I-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 6o

Temperature, OC

Figure 9. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weldment AJ. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa: I kJ/in. = 39.37 J/am.)

24

--. • ..

1400

0 Ail-Welda I4AZ

1200-

1000-

aw 0

E

"a 0

600-

400-

200- 0 0

0 0

-6 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temperature, OC

Figure 10. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weidment AK. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi= 6.895 MPa-, 1 Id/in. 39.37 i/mm.)

25

0 All-Wildo HAZ

1200 0 A

1000-

ow 0

Eo

6

2Q

00

200- 00

00

00

0 1 I I -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temerature, OC

Figure II. Dynamic fear impact energy vs. test temperature for A36 weldment AG. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; I kJ/in. = 39.37 i/mm.)

26

vA

(IM AW

Figure 12. Photoinacrographs ot' A5 1 b wednients made with SMAW and GMAW processes (plate thickness 1 in.125.4 minI ) (MOtic conversion factors. I k-i = 0.895 MWa I Wiin. = 39.37 I/nim.)

27

95 I

0 All-Weld Yield Strength* All-Weld Tensile Strength

90 a HAZ Yield StrengthA HAZ Tensile Strength

85

80 0 a

4, 0

65-

0

70 0

• 065-

0 A0

6CI I I I I °55 60 65 70 75 60 85 90 95 00

Heat Input, kJ/in.

Figure 13. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A516 steel and E7018 SMAW electrode. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; 1 l/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

28

so

75 0

70 0

65

a

Aoso- 0

U)0

00 06 455

0 All-Weld Yield Strength50 - All-Weld Tonsile Strength

A HAZ Yield Strengtha HAZ Tensile Strength 0

45, 1 1 1 1 1 1 155 60 65 70 75 80 95 90 95 100

Heat Input, kJ/in.

Figure 14. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A516 steel and ER70S-3 GMAW electrode. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; 1 Id/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

29

I:I

* A

1400

0 All-WeldO HAZ

1200-

1000-

900-E

0

600-0

400-

B-40 I I

6O -40 -20 0 20 40 s0

Temperaturs, *C

Figure IS. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A5 l0 weldment AN. (Metric co:nversimil a acors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; k J/in. = 39.37 J/m.)

30

KOO

0 All-Welda 14AZ

01200-

1000-

E

600-z

0G0

600-

40

09o

o0 I I I I-60 -40 -20 0 go 40 6o

Tapelrature, C*

Figure 16. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A516 weldment AR. (Metric conversion factors.I ksi 6.895 MPa; I W/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

31

140 0

0 All-Welda HAZ

1200

8s0 0 -E

600-

40- 0

00

~ 600 8 a

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 to

Tomperoture, °C

Figure 17. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for AS516 weldment AS. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi =6.895 MPa; I kJ/in, =39.37 J/ram.)

32

Tem.r....,..

6 ______o,__ - .-- ,- -_- -

1400

0 All-Weld0 NAZ

1200

000o

0

a800

E0 a

600-

0

400-

2w - 0

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 so

Temwerature, OC

Figure 18. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for AS516 weidmnent AD. (Metric conversion factors.I ksi =6.895 MPa, I Wiin. = 39.37 i/mm.)

33

s,- %- -ofp

1400

0 All-Weld0 HAZ

1200-

1000-

0800-

E

.00

600-

0

200-

0 8

0L I I-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temperature, OC

Figure 19. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for AS 16 weient AE. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi =6.895 MPa, 1 ki/in. =39.37 J/mm.)

34

A IF, . ib~wi.w~.. .tw

14O I

0 All-Weldo HAZ

1200-

l000

6)0 - 0

z0 0a

- 0 -

0400-

0

200--0

0

o: I II , I-e0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temerature, C

Figure 20. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A516 weldment AF. (Metric conversion factors:1 ksi = 6.895 MPa; L/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

35

-4" _ _ _...."_ . . ... ._, - ,_. ,

SNIAW

GM AW

Figuire 21. PliotomacTograph of A5 14 weldnients made with SMAW and GMAW processes (plate thiickness. 34in[19min)). (Metric conversion factors: I ksi = 6.895 MPa: I ki/in. =39.37i/m

36

135

125 -A

0

00

C111

C S

*0

105-

SAll-Weld Yield Strengthto0 0 All-Weld Tensile Strength

& I4AZ Yield Strength/ HAZ Tensile Strength 0

o/ I LlII Ii|

55 60 65 70 75 so 85 90 95 100

Heat Input, U/In.

Figure 22. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A514 and El 1018 SMAW electrode. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi 6.895 MPa; I kJ/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

37

- 7.... L ' _. .. -

o All-Weld Yield Strength* All-Weld Tensile Strength6 HAZ Yield Strength

130- a HAZ Tensile Strength

& &

120-

006

0 0

0 0

9C I I ,I I55 65 75 85 95 105 115

Heat Input, ka/in.

Figure 23. Tensile strength vs. heat input for A514 steel and ERI20S-1 GMAW electrode. (Metric conversionfactors: I ksi = 6.895 MPa; I I/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

38

L.~S~.re~iftYS~.F~,,....,

0 All-Weld0 HAZ

200

800-

z

000

400-

aa

200 9

-s0 -40 -20 0 20 40 so

Temperature, OC

Figure 24. Dynamiic (car impact energy vs. test temperature for AS514 wcldimmn AL. (Mctric conversion I(acto'rs.I ksi =6.895 MPa; 1 ki/in. 39.37 i/mmn.)

39

1400

0 All-Weld0 HAZ

1200-

00

Iz

600-0

0

400 o

00

000o 0

20

~Qo,, I I I ,I-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temerature, *C

Figure 25. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A514 weldment AP. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; I kJ/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

40

1400

0 All-Welda HAZ

1200-

1000-

8000

0

6000400

00

0

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Temperature, OC

Figure 26. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A5 14 weldment AU. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi 6.895 MPa; I U/in. 39.37 i/mm.)

41

1400

0 All-Weldo NAZ

1200-

1000-

0 0

600-

4* 00-

200-

00

60 -40 -20 0 2040 60

Tgmperature, OC

Figure 27. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A5 14 weldment AH. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi 6.895 MPa-. I kjlin. =39.37 imm.)

42

1400

0 All-Weldo HAZ

1200-

0

1000

0

800- 0

6000

400 0

00

00

00

200--

-60 -40 -20 0 2o 40 60

Temerature, *C

Figure 28. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A514 weldment AC. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi = 6.895 MPa; I Id/in. = 39.37 J/mm.)

43

1400

0 All-Weldo HAZ

1200-

0o o

000

08600-

E

I

S6100-

400-

200 0

01

oI I

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 6o

Temperature, *C

Figure 29. Dynamic tear impact energy vs. test temperature for A5 14 weldment AB. (Metric conversion factors:I ksi 6.895 MPa; I LI/in. = 39.37 i/mm.)

44

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Portland 97208 Sape Ary Depot 9130m74g.LirrRiyadh 09038 S TN W irrRonec Aslan Depot 144 AmT: Canadian Liaison office (2)Sarot ano 6S10 TohnaAm eo 86 AmT: IWR LibrarySan Francisco 94105 WoeeAm eo 47Se tate8 2 Y r o iet A r oe nal 12189 C o ld 4 egio ns R eserc h E n g in e e rin g L ab 0 3 7 55St. Louis 63101 Whts $Anid$ Missile A1g11 SM2 TT4 LbrrSt. Pau? 55101 DL .iM L-d 21 AmT: Library 22060Tulsa 74102 DLarAy EApeimen Station 29180Vicksburg 39180 FRCMwu~sEprmn tto 96Wall& Wella 99362 ATTN*. 175 LibrarWilmington 28401 7055m Engineer. AmT: AFEN.FjATTN' Facilities Engineer MO XIII Airborne Corps end t8307USAry ninerDviiosFort Buchanan 00934 h. Bra"SArmy: Eninr Diison Fort Bragg 26307 AmT: AFZA-FE-EEEurope Librar Fort Campbell 42223Eurtsipe Q97 7 Fort Carson 80913 Chanute Afl, IL 6166huntsv~~lle 35807 Fort Deven 01433 34 R10 tp2Lower Mississippi Valley 39180 Fort Drum 1360134 I/0.Stp2Middle tEt 09038 Fr Nd7joNra F 20Middle tast (Reer) 22601 Fort Ma ood an14 eo003Aron API 92409EMissouri River 66101 Fort IndwietowGa 93 1701A :ARRMtNorth Atlantic 1000 or rvn921NrhCnrl665Fort Sam Mouston 78234 yal4,,F 320Nworth CPal 6060 Fort Lewis 6643TnalA.F 20MthPcfc97208 Fort MdySB6AFIESC/ngineering & Service LabOhio River 45201 Fr ~ro 03Pacific Ocean %68Fort GMarc.heron d 20330 CAFE CSouth Atlantic 30303 Fort ONg 9394 ATNtc Diison 23511,South Pacific 94111 Fort Polk 71489 CAtlaeeic Division 2374Southwestern 75202 Fort Richardeon 9910 Seh411n* Division 24

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21st Suport Cwod 09325 IT:zs~ia e AI o 60*4B e r l i : A9 A R M i )W a l t r R e d AM 2 0 0 1 2 A mT : M 8 4 1 12A Tr l N ; A g t 0 9 7 4 E n i n e r i n g S o c i e t i e s1 L i b r a r y 0 0 7lS : AlA-EuP I ta21 Fon t 0916 Ch. ati. Div. CCC York. CTAoTTeN European 1a3) oce09 All's: Facilities EnginerI sa l ia A SE-EaS Ac ivt3)Q A rlington all station (2 1 2212 Rational W ord er ve. 20310In lAT oN Supportp Aci iV90int Ill F rG Station 22116 Installation Division

$ti USA. se,, OfAT:FciiistW US 011vervwnt Printing Office 22304ATTN: ERFE to) 96301 a :F ilieEnir Roeevial Section/Deositor Capies 12)AlEC: EAfEt-1 9658 Fort Lesley J. ftNeir 2031925AIIM CAFE-40M Fort Nyor 22211 2-el

Metallurgy T.. Distribution

Chi.'f of Engineers Fort McPherson, GA 30330

ATTN: DAEN-ZCF-U ATTN: AFlN-CDATTN: I)AEN-ECZ-AATTN: DARN-ECR Fort Monroe, VA 23651

ATTN: ATEN-AD (3)US Army Engineer District

Philadelphia 19l06 6th US Army 94129

ATTN: Chief, NAPEN-D ATTN: AlEC-ENBaltimore 21203

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div 7th US Army 09407

Norfulk 23510 ATTN: AETTM-URD-mlD

ATTV: Chief, NAOEN-DWi mington 28401 US Army Science & Technology 96301

ATTIJ: Chief, SAWEN-D Center - Far East Office

Charleston 29402

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div Tyndall An, FL 32403

Savannah 31402 AFESC/PRTATTN: Chief. SASAS-L

Jacksonville 32232 Tinker APB. OR 73145ATTN: Const Div 2854 ANG/DEEE

Mobile 36628

ATTN: Chief, SAMEN-C Patrick AFB, FL 32925

ATTh. Chitf, SAMEN-D ATTN: XRQ

Memphis 3810)ATTN: Chief, LMMED-DM Naval Air Systems Command 20360

Vicksburg 39180 ATTN: Library

ATTN: Chief, Engr DivLouisville 40201 Naval Facilities Enr Command 22332

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Code 04St. Paul 55101

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New Orleans 70160ATTN: Chief, LMNED-DC National Defense Headquarters

Little Rock 72203 Ottawa, CANADA KIA OK2ATTN: Chief, Engr Div

San Francisco 94105 Airports and Construction Services DirATTN: Chief, Engr Div Ottawa, CANADA RIA ONO

Sacra-anto 95614ATTN: Chief, SPKED-D 56

Portland 97208

ATTN: Chief, DB-6Seattle 98124ATTN; Chief, NPSCO

Walla Walla 99362ATTN: Chief, Engr Div

Alaska 99501

ATTN: Chief, NPASA-R

US Army Engineer DivisionNew England

ATTN: Chief, NEDED-T

North Atlantic 10007ATTN: Chief. NADEN-T

South Atlantic 30303ATTN: Chief, SADEN-TS

Huntsville 35807

ATTN: Chief, HNDED-CS

ATTN: Chief, HNDED-SROhio River 45201

ATTN: Chief. Engr Div

Southwestern 75202

ATTN: SWDED-TN

Pacific Ocean 96858

ATTN: Chief. En r Div

North Pacific 97208

ATTN: Chief. Engr Div

USA-WES 39160

ATTN: C/Structures

West Point. NY 10996

ATTN: Dept of MechanicsATTN: Library

Fort Leavenworth. KS 66027

ATTN: ATZLCA-SA

Fort Clayton Canal Zone 34004

ATTN: DFAS

Weber, Robert A.Effects of high heat input welding of construction steels A36, A514, and

A516. -- Champaign, Ill : Construction Engineering Research Laboratoryavailable from NTIS, 1983.

44 p. (Technical report / Construction Engineering Research LaboratoryM-326)

1. Steel-welding. 2. Gas metal arc welding. 3. Shielded metal arc

welding. 1. Title. ir. Technical report / Construction EngineeringResearch Laboratory ; -326.

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