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THE TECHNOGRAPH

PUBLISHED ANNUALLY

BY THE

Association of iLngineering !bocietie^

UNiVERSlTY OF ILLINOIS

VOLUMF

190^

UNIVERSITY ^

CHAMPAIGN OK 1907

THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

Editor-in-Chief Alwix Schal,i.er, '07, M. E.

Business Manager - - - - A. J. Schafmeyer, '07, C. E.

Associate Editor L. J. McCarty, '07, Arch.

ista7it Bminess Manager - - Fred Terrill, '08, M. E.

E. W. McCONOUGHEY '07, C. B

S. P. Farwell, "07, E. E.

Emmet Keough, '08, C. E.

J. A. Neuman, "08, E. E,

J. F. Meyer, Jr., '07, Arch.

T. F. DoDD, '07, E. E.

M. B. Cleveland, '08, Arch.

J. A. Strawn, '07, M. E.

'ors

^Y BOARD

Civil Eng-.

Electrical Eng.

1 App. Mechanics.

^^''^'lEng. ech. En^

-v- Architect ^e

C^O p. 1

Contents.

Pagfe.

Cost of Shop Drawings for Structural Steel, Ralph H. Gage. . 5

Specific Heat of Superheated Steam, Henry Dirks 14

Structural Design of Ordinary Buildings, Benj. E. Winslow. . 26

Induction Motors in Concatenation, H. L. Hollister 45

Some Causes of Vibrations in Steam Turbines, K. G. Smith .... 52 The Roads INIaterials Testing Laboratory of the University of

Illinois. L. G. Parker 57

The Flow of Steam Through Nozzels, Franklin W. Marquis. . 65

Stresses in Concrete Sewer Sections, A. P. Poorman 77

Consideration of the Effect of Friction on Turbine Elades, J. F.

Erwin 82

A new Method of Obtaining the Figure of Merit of a Galvanom- eter, F. C. Brown 90

Center Bound Track, a Cause for Spreading Rails, E Keough. . 94

Tests of Chain Links, M. L. Millspaugh 97

Simultaneous Telephony and Power Transmission Over the

Same Wires, S. P. Farewell 105

Forces and Mass Reduction, Alwin Schaller 112

Concrete Inspection, W. W. Smith 132

INIeasurement of Boiler Feed ^Vater, H. P. Goedeke 136

Explosive Properties of Gaseous ^fixtures. W. B. Cooke 140

Edge Hill Gravity Yard, T. H. Teams I44

Editorials 146

The Engineering Societies and the University 148

^^. 312307

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The Technograph

No. 21 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1906-1907

COST OF SHOP DRAWLNGS FOR STRUCTURAL IRON AND STEEL.

By Ralph H. Gage, '03, Civil Engineering.

The following data were gathered by the waiter while in charge of the Drafting Department of A. Bolter's Sons' Structural Steel and Iron Works, of Chicago, 111., during the years 1504, 1905, and 1906.

The Works are divided into three different departments, the Structural Shop, the Architectural Shop, and the Foundry. The Structural Shop has a capacity of 800 tons per month. The Draft- ing Department employes on an average seven or eight engineers. All the work is standardized with regard to details to as great an ex- tent as possible, in order to decrease the work in the Drafting Room, yet not to such an extent that it would be difficult for the shop men to read the drawings. For example, all beam, steel and cast-iron column connections, with the exception of special cases, are not drawn and dimensioned completely, but merely indicated. The shop and drafting room have been provided with a set of the firm's stand- ards, which have all these connections drawn out completely with dimensions and wdiich give lists of the material.

The data here presented were taken from a great variety of work, such as public and private school buildings, churches, brew- eries, malt houses and elevators, grain bins, warehouses, libraries, hospitals, apartment buildings, factories and manufacturing plants, train sheds, mill buildings, office buildings, electric lighting plants and pumping stations.

Table I show^s the character of the buildings and also the aver- age cost of preparing the drawings. The cost of drafting material and blue prints is not included. 'V\niere the material for the work is to be ordered from the mill and not taken from stock, the cutting bills or mill orders are taken as being part of the details. Table II shows some of the particulars of the buildings from which the data in Table I were derived and the following notes give additional in- formation about some of the work.

The Tcchnograph.

TABLE I. Cost of Shop Drawings.

Tyi'E

D E F

G

H

J K

Chakactek of Building

Average Cost Per Ton

Entire skeleton construction, i. e., loads all carried to the foundation by means of steel columns

Interior portion supported on steel columns; exterior walls carr3' floor loads and their own weight

Interior portion carried on cast iron columns; exterior walls support floor loads as well as their own weight

No columns and floor beams resting on masonry walls throughout

Structure consisting mostl3'' of roof trusses resting on columns

Structure consisting mostly of roof trusses resting on mosonry walls

Mill buildings

Flat one-story shop or manufacturing build- ings

Tipples, mining structures or other compli- cated struct ui-es

Malt or grain bins and hoppers

Remodeling and additions where measure- ments are necessar3' before details can be made

SI. 45

1.22

.70

.85

2.47

1.25 2.56

4.88 2.47

1.87

Item 2. The Faxton, Horton & Gallagher building was a fire escape of unusual size, composed almost entirely of angles, and de- signed for a seven-story building. It was a very light structure having railings and balusters of i" x i" x y^" angles. This ac- counts for the high cost per ton for the shop drawings. The de- tails were made of the fire escape assembled and not separate de- tails of each piece.

Item 3. The cost of the Miller Brewing Company Stock House was unusually low, only thirteen cents per ton. The building con-

Gage Shop Drazvings.

3 Qj o

O fc 02

3

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-c 15 53

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cc

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