office of force transformation fighting the networked force: insights from network centric...

Office of Force Transformation

Fighting the Networked Force:Fighting the Networked Force:Insights from Network Centric Insights from Network Centric

Operations Case StudiesOperations Case Studies

NDIA SE&T ConferenceNDIA SE&T Conference

Charleston, SCCharleston, SC

20 Apr 200520 Apr 2005

Lt Col Jack “Ripper” ForsytheOSD Office of Force Transformation

(703) 696-5769 [DSN 426-XXXX]

[email protected] www.oft.osd.mil

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIEDThis Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED


Overview

• Tenets of Network Centric Operations (NCO)– Domains of Warfare

– NCO Value Chain

• Office of Force Transformation NCO Case Studies

• NCO Transformation Process– Insights and Challenges


How a Networked Force Operates:Network Centric Operations

Create Information Advantage – Translates into Warfighting Advantage

Info Advantage - Network Forces (Noun & Verb)

Characterized by:

- Information Sharing - Shared Situational Awareness - Knowledge of Commander’s Intent

Warfighting Advantage - Exploit Behavioral Change & New Doctrine to Enable:

- Self-synchronization - Speed of Command - Increased Combat Power


• A Robustly Networked Force Improves Information Sharing• Information Sharing and Collaboration Enhances the Quality of Information and Shared Situational

Awareness• Shared Situational Awareness Enables Collaboration and Self Synchronization and Enhances

Sustainability and Speed of Command• These in Turn Dramatically Increase Mission Effectiveness

Physical Domain

Cognitive + Social Domains

Information Domain

Robustly Networked

Force

Information Sharing

Collaboration

Shared Situational Awareness

Quality of Information

Mission Effectiveness

Self Synchronization

New Processes

Tenets of Network Centric Operations …The New Value Chain


• Maneuver – Networked Ground Forces– OIF: Networked Coalition Forces Demo Unprecedented Operational

Agility / Speed of Maneuver (2003)

– Networked Stryker Brigade Decisively Engages OPFOR at JRTC

-- 10 Fold Reduction in Loss / Exchange Ratio from 10/1 to 1/1 (2003-2004)

• Offensive / Defensive Counter Air – Networked Air Forces– Data-Linked USAF F-15Cs Increased Kill Ratio by Over 250% (JTIDS Operational Special Project - Mid 1990’s)

• Fires – Networked Air & Ground Forces– Networked Air / Ground Force Decisively Defeats NTC OPFOR

(USA Division Capstone Exercise - Phase I, Apr 2001)

– Networked Air / Ground Forces Decisively Prosecute Counter TBM (Operation Iraqi Freedom – Western Iraq 2003)

Warfighting Advantage: Evidence for Increased Mission Effectiveness


NCO Case Studies

• OFT Series of NCO Case Studies

– Focus on How Networked Forces Operate and Transform to Enable NCO– Conducted Across a Range of Mission Areas– Examine Exercises, Combat Ops & Peace Keeping Ops– Explore How US Forces, US Led Coalition Forces, NATO Forces, & US

Allies Operate w/Varying Degrees of Networking Capabilities

• Findings to Date Clearly Demonstrate…

– That Networked Forces Outperform Non-Networked Forces 1.5 X to 10 X Improved Mission Effectiveness

– Deployment of Less Than Perfect Networks Can Have a Significant Impact on Force Effectiveness by: Significantly Improving Info Sharing Dramatically Enhancing Situational Awareness for Commanders & Their Forces

– Transformation Processes That Involve Organizational & Process Change Are Key to Achieving High Levels of Increased Mission Effectiveness


Breakout of NCO Case Studies

US/UK Coalition (OIF)NATO ACE Mobile Force LandNATO Task Force Fox

SARS – Singapore

Coalition Maritime Ops (OIF)

Coalition Joint/Inter-Agency Service

CTF-50 (OEF) NSWG I (OEF/OIF)

Stryker BCT (JRTC) V Corps/3 ID (OIF)Stryker BCT (SASO)

Air-to-Air (JTIDS) Air-to-Ground (OEF/OIF)

Air-to-Ground w/ SOF

NCO in SASO UK Low Intensity Conflict

NATO Response ForceAssessment

Oth

er

Air

L

and

S

ea

Completed Near-CompleteOn-GoingPlanned

Completed Near-CompleteOn-GoingPlanned


Doctrine (Process/Tactics/Techniques/Procedures)

Personnel/Culture

Material (Technology)

Facilities

Leadership and Education

Organization

Training

1999 2003

NCO Concepts Build Collaboration Into Battle Rhythm Mission Type Orders Integrated RSTA NCO Concepts Build Collaboration Into Battle Rhythm Mission Type Orders Integrated RSTA

Organic Combined Arms BCT Organic Cav Squadron (RSTA) Organic MI Company & HUMINT TeamsOrganic Combined Arms BCT Organic Cav Squadron (RSTA) Organic MI Company & HUMINT Teams

Network-Centric Operations Facility with Battle Command Systems Complex Operating EnvironmentNetwork-Centric Operations Facility with Battle Command Systems Complex Operating Environment

High Density FBCB2 Network ABCS BLOS SATCOM Increased Mobility, Protection, High Density FBCB2 Network ABCS BLOS SATCOM Increased Mobility, Protection, FirepowerFirepower

Agile, Confident, Adaptive Multi-Echelon Collaborative Planning EducationAgile, Confident, Adaptive Multi-Echelon Collaborative Planning Education

Stryker Brigade Combat Team:Innovation Across all Lines of Development


Stryker Brigade:Mission Effectiveness as a Function of Information Position

Loss Exchange

Ratio(Blue/Red)

Completeness of Red Information

Completeness Of Blue

Information

StrykerBrigade:

1 to 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90100

8060

4020

Baseline InfantryBrigade:10 to 1


Time

B11 (Flight lead)

Voice Only Information Understanding Awareness Decisions

B12 (Wingman)

Air to Air Case Study: Voice Only

AwarenessInformationVoice Only

DecisionsVoice + Link 16 AwarenessInfo Understanding

AwarenessInfo Understanding Decisions?Voice + Link 16

80

25 26

269/69

80

310/89

B11 (Flight lead) B12 (Wingman)80

25 26

16 15

28 30269/69

80

25 26

16 15

28 30272/70

B11/13 (Flt Lds) B12/14 (Wings)

Voice + Link 16 (JTIDS)

“Combat Reserve”

“Combat Reserve”

AwarenessInfo Understanding

AwarenessInfo Understanding


A Common Picture…So What?

• Info Completeness: “Ownship” & Other Friendly Aircraft & Formations – Free Time = Ability to Focus on Fight

• Info Superiority: Quick Awareness & Understanding of Enemy Formations

• More Decision Time– More Lethal and/or Survivable

Intercept Geometry Decisions

• Earlier/Better Targeting – Improved Shot Lethality

– Higher Number Shots per Time

• Battle Manage & Target While Cold (with Same S.A.)

• Better Ability to Self-Synchronize (“Swarm”)

Kill Ratio ComparisonKill Ratio ComparisonVoice Only

Voice +

Link 16

Day 3.10 8.11

Night 3.62 9.40


OIF CAS Example – Voice Only

Scenario: 6 Apr 2003, U.S. Troops Taking Fire from Iraqis on East Side of BridgeJTAC Callsign: ADVANCE 33A-10 Callsign: DEMOB 71 & 72** Watching DEMOB 72 HUD TapeWX: Poor Visibility & CloudsThreats: AAA @ TargetTargets: Tanks, Vehicles, Personnel

Target Location & ID:

Poor Quality of Info

Poor Info Share-ability

Low Shared S.A.

Blue Air Positional SA:

Low Shared S.A.

Cognitive Loading:

Poor Info Sharing

Poor Collaboration

1

2 JTAC: ADVANCE 33

FTRS: DEMOB 71 & 72

3


D/TOC

2 Ship F-16 w/Litening II(SADL + GBU-12)

UAV

A/OA-10 w/ SADL + AGM-65D

DCXI: Nighttime CAS Scenario (Network Centric Warfare Systems vs. Legacy Systems)

2 Ship F-16 (SADL+ AGM-65D)

GFAC

000101011000110001111011000111010011100011010100011010101110100101001001001010001001110101001001011100001010110001100011110

0110

0011

1010

0111

0001

1010

1000

1101

010

01100011101001110001101010001101010 0001010110001100011110001110001001

01101010010100100110001110100111000110101000110101000111010

0001010110001100011110011010

000101011000110001111000111000100110100


Air-to-Ground: FAC to Fighter Information Sharing

This Is What the FAC Sees When He’s Sending a Digital CAS RequestThis Is What the FAC Sees When He’s Sending a Digital CAS Request Includes IP, Target, Threat, Egress, TOT, and RemarksIncludes IP, Target, Threat, Egress, TOT, and Remarks

What He Types Here Is Exactly What He Types Here Is Exactly What Pilot Sees in the HUD What Pilot Sees in the HUD


SADL Tactical Awareness Displays

Air-to-Ground: SADL F-16 Pilot Heads-Up Display

Digital Message Created &

Sent By GFAC

Digital Message Created &

Sent By GFAC

MSG ID / Target CoordsMSG ID / Target Coords

ThreatThreat

Target DescriptionTarget Description

IP LocationIP Location

Heading/Distance to TargetHeading/Distance to Target

MSG ID / Target CoordsMSG ID / Target Coords

ThreatThreat

Target DescriptionTarget Description

IP LocationIP Location

Heading/Distance to TargetHeading/Distance to Target


SADL Tactical Awareness Displays

Air-to-Ground: SADL F-16 Pilot Tactical Picture

H15

Wingman

Ground Friendlies

Wingman’s Fuel & Weapons

Wingman’s Radar Contact

Ground Target

Ownship

JTIDSSurveillance Track


Transformation to Network Centric Operations: Insights and Challenges

• Transformation to NCO Involves ALL “Lines of Development”– Technology

Information Technology (IT) is Critical Enabler Clear Benefit to Focused IT Investments

– Doctrinal (Process) and Organization Changes in These Areas are Key to Achieving Mature Capabilities for NCO

– Leadership Only Leaders Who Understand How Networked Forces Can Operate will Achieve

Full Potential of NCO Education & Training Key to Developing This Understanding

• Organizational Learning is Key Element of Implementation Strategy – Operational Experience can Accelerate Individual & Organizational Learning– NCO Short Course is an Experiment in Organizational Learning


TechnologyProcess(Mission)

Organization

People

RobustlyNetworked

Force

CollaborationSelf-SynchronizationSpeed of Command

Situational Awareness

ProcessPerformance

Information

Information SharingQuality of Information Increased

MissionEffectiveness

Implementing Network Enabled Capabilities: Innovation Across all Lines of Development

LearningIteration


Fighting the Networked Force:Fighting the Networked Force:Insights from Network Centric Insights from Network Centric

Operations Case StudiesOperations Case Studies

NDIA SE&T ConferenceNDIA SE&T Conference

Charleston, SCCharleston, SC

20 Apr 200520 Apr 2005

Lt Col Jack “Ripper” ForsytheOSD Office of Force Transformation

(703) 696-5769 [DSN 426-XXXX]

[email protected] www.oft.osd.mil

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIEDThis Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

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