official mamanet rules
TRANSCRIPT
OFFICIAL MAMANET RULES
August 2019 Edition
Full Version
The Rules are based on the official volleyball rules of the FIVB with
changes and modifications for Mamanet.
Modified for Mamanet by: Ziv Sedbon & Lior Talmor
Translated to English by: Julie Knoll and Lior Talmor
Edited by: Rinah Ben Gershon
P a g e | 1
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
Table of Contents PART 1 – THE GAME
CHAPTER 1 - FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ................................................................................ 7
1. PLAYING AREA ............................................................................................................... 7
DIMENSIONS .......................................................................................................... 7
PLAYING SURFACE ................................................................................................. 7
LINES OF THE COURT ............................................................................................. 7
ZONES AND AREAS ................................................................................................ 7
2. NET AND POSTS ............................................................................................................. 8
HEIGHT OF THE NET ............................................................................................... 8
NET STRUCTURE .................................................................................................... 8
SIDE BANDS............................................................................................................ 8
ANTENNAE ............................................................................................................. 9
POSTS ..................................................................................................................... 9
3. THE BALLS ...................................................................................................................... 9
STANDARDS ........................................................................................................... 9
UNIFORMITY OF THE BALLS ................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2 – PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................................... 10
4. TEAMS.......................................................................................................................... 10
TEAM COMPOSITION ........................................................................................... 10
LOCATION OF THE TEAM ..................................................................................... 10
EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................... 11
CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................... 11
FORBIDDEN OBJECTS ........................................................................................... 11
5. TEAM LEADERS ............................................................................................................ 12
TEAM CAPTAIN .................................................................................................... 12
THE COACH .......................................................................................................... 12
ASSISTANT (ASSISTANT COACH) .......................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3 – PLAYING FORMAT .............................................................................................. 14
6. TO SCORE A POINT; TO WIN A SET AND THE MATCH ................................................. 14
TO SCORE A POINT .............................................................................................. 14
TO WIN A SET ....................................................................................................... 14
TO WIN THE MATCH ............................................................................................ 14
DEFAULT AND INCOMPLETE TEAM ..................................................................... 15
7. STRUCTURE OF PLAY ................................................................................................... 15
THE COIN TOSS .................................................................................................... 15
P a g e | 2
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION .............................................................................. 15
TEAM STARTING LINE-UP .................................................................................... 16
POSITIONS ........................................................................................................... 16
POSITIONAL FAULT .............................................................................................. 17
ROTATION ............................................................................................................ 17
ROTATIONAL FAULT ............................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 4 – STATE OF PLAY ................................................................................................... 18
8. STATES OF PLAY ........................................................................................................... 18
BALL IN PLAY ........................................................................................................ 18
BALL OUT OF PLAY ............................................................................................... 18
BALL "IN".............................................................................................................. 18
BALL "OUT" .......................................................................................................... 18
9. PLAYING THE BALL ....................................................................................................... 18
TEAM CONTACTS WITH THE BALL ....................................................................... 18
CONTACT CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................... 19
STEPS ................................................................................................................... 20
HOLDING THE BALL .............................................................................................. 20
FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL ............................................................................. 20
10. BALL AT THE NET ..................................................................................................... 20
BALL CROSSING THE NET ................................................................................. 20
BALL TOUCHING THE NET ................................................................................ 21
BALL IN THE NET .............................................................................................. 21
REACHING BEYOND THE NET ........................................................................... 21
PENETRATION UNDER THE NET ....................................................................... 21
CONTACT WITH THE NET ................................................................................. 22
PLAYER’S FAULTS AT THE NET ......................................................................... 22
11. SERVICE .................................................................................................................... 22
FIRST SERVICE IN A SET .................................................................................... 22
SERVICE ORDER ............................................................................................... 23
PERMISSION FOR SERVICE ............................................................................... 23
EXECUTION OF SERVICE ................................................................................... 23
FAULTS DURING SERVICE................................................................................. 23
SERVICE FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS ..................................................... 24
12. ATTACK ACTION ....................................................................................................... 24
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK ACTION .................................................... 24
RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK ACTION .......................................................... 25
P a g e | 3
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
FAULTS OF THE ATTACK ACTION ..................................................................... 25
13. BLOCK ...................................................................................................................... 25
BLOCKING ........................................................................................................ 25
BALL CONTACT DURING BLOCK ....................................................................... 26
BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE .................................................. 26
BLOCK AND TEAM CONTACTS ......................................................................... 26
BLOCKING THE SERVICE ................................................................................... 26
BLOCKING FAULTS ........................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 5 – INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS ........................................................ 27
14. REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS ........................................................................... 27
NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS .............................................. 27
REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS ............................................ 27
TIME-OUTS....................................................................................................... 27
SUBSTITUTION ................................................................................................. 27
LIMITATIONS OF SUBSTITUTION ..................................................................... 28
EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION .......................................................................... 28
SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION ................................. 28
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION ................................................................................... 29
SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE ............................................................................ 29
IMPROPER REQUESTS ...................................................................................... 29
15. GAME DELAYS .......................................................................................................... 30
TYPES OF DELAY ............................................................................................... 30
DELAY SANCTIONS ........................................................................................... 30
16. EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS .................................................................... 30
INJURY ............................................................................................................. 30
EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE ............................................................................... 30
PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS ......................................................................... 31
17. INTERVALS BETWEEN SETS AND CHANGING COURTS ............................................ 31
INTERVALS BETWEEN SETS .............................................................................. 31
CHANGING COURTS ......................................................................................... 31
CHAPTER 6 – THE LIBERO PLAYER ........................................................................................... 32
18. THE LIBERO PLAYER ................................................................................................. 32
DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO ......................................................................... 32
EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................... 32
ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO ................................................................... 33
RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO ............................................................... 34
P a g e | 4
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION ................................................................. 34
CHAPTER 7 – PARTICIPANTS’ CONDUCT .................................................................................. 35
19. CONDUCT REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 35
SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT ............................................................................ 35
FAIR PLAY ......................................................................................................... 35
20. MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS ......................................................................... 36
MINOR MISCONDUCT ...................................................................................... 36
MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS .......................................................... 36
SANCTION SCALE ............................................................................................. 36
APPLICATION OF MISCONDUCT SANCTIONS ................................................... 37
MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS ................................................... 37
SANCTION CARDS ............................................................................................ 37
CHAPTER 8 – THE REFEREES .................................................................................................... 40
21. REFEREE STAFF AND PROCEDURES ......................................................................... 40
COMPOSITION ................................................................................................. 40
PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 40
22. 1st REFEREE ............................................................................................................. 41
LOCATION ........................................................................................................ 41
AUTHORITY ...................................................................................................... 41
RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 42
23. 2nd REFEREE ............................................................................................................ 42
LOCATION ........................................................................................................ 42
AUTHORITY ...................................................................................................... 42
RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 43
24. SCORER .................................................................................................................... 43
LOCATION ........................................................................................................ 43
RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 43
25. LINE JUDGES ............................................................................................................ 44
LOCATION ........................................................................................................ 44
RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................ 45
26. OFFICIAL SIGNALS .................................................................................................... 45
REFEREES' HAND SIGNALS ............................................................................... 45
LINE JUDGES' FLAG SIGNALS ............................................................................ 45
P a g e | 5
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 1 – THE PLAYING AREA ........................................................................................... 47
DIAGRAM 2 – THE COURT ....................................................................................................... 48
DIAGRAM 3 – THE NET, THE ANTENNAE, ................................................................................ 49
AND THE CROSSING SPACE ...................................................................................................... 49
DIAGRAM 4: REFEREES OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS ................................................................... 50
DIAGRAM 5: LINE JUDGES OFFICIAL FLAG SIGNALS ................................................................ 55
P a g e | 6
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
PART 1
–
THE GAME
P a g e | 7
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 1 - FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
1. PLAYING AREA
The playing area includes the court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular
and symmetrical. (Diagram 1, Diagram 2)
DIMENSIONS
1.1.1 The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free
zone that is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.
1.1.2 The playing space is the open space above the playing area that is free of any
obstructions. The playing space shall measure a minimum height of 7 m from
the playing surface.
PLAYING SURFACE
1.2.1 The surface of the playing area must be flat, horizontal and uniform. It must
not present any danger of injury to the players. It is forbidden to play on
rough or slippery surfaces.
1.2.2 The surface of the playing court must be of a light color.
LINES OF THE COURT
1.3.1 All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light color that is different from
the color of the floor and any other lines.
1.3.2 Boundary lines
Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both the side lines
and the end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.
1.3.3 Center line
The axis of the center line divides the playing court into two equal courts
measuring 9 x 9 m each; this line extends beneath the net from side line to
side line.
1.3.4 Attack line
On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn at 3 m back from the
axis of the center line, marks the front zone.
ZONES AND AREAS
1.4.1 Front zone
On each court, the front zone is limited by the axis of the center line and the
rear edge of the attack line. The front zone is considered to extend beyond
the side lines to the end of the free zone.
P a g e | 8
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
1.4.2 Service zone
The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each end line. It is laterally limited
by two short lines (each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an
extension of the side lines). Both short lines are included in the width of the
service zone. In depth, the service zone extends to the end of the free zone.
1.4.3 Substitution zone
The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines, up to
the scorer's table.
1.4.4 Libero Replacement zone
The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of the team
benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.
2. NET AND POSTS
HEIGHT OF THE NET
2.1.1 The net is hung vertically over the center line and streched, while its top is
set at the height of 2.24 m.
2.1.2 Its height is measured from the center of the playing court. The net height,
over the two side lines, must be exactly the same and must not exceed the
official height by more than 2 cm. (Diagram 3)
NET STRUCTURE
2.2.1 The net is 1 m wide and 9.5 to 10 m long (with 25-50 cm on each side of the
side bands) and is made of black square mesh, each measuring 10 x 10 cm.
2.2.2 At its top, there is a horizontal band 7 cm wide, made of two-fold white
canvas that is sewn along its full length. At each end of the band, there is a
hole, through which passes a cord, fastening the band to the posts in order
to maintain tension at the top of the net.
2.2.3 Within the band, a flexible cable fastens the net to the posts and keeps its
top taut.
2.2.4 At the bottom of the net there is another horizontal band, 5 cm wide, similar
to the top band, through which is threaded a rope. This rope fastens the net
to the posts and keeps its lower part taut.
SIDE BANDS
2.3.1 Two white bands are fastened vertically to the net and are placed directly
above each side line.
2.3.2 They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered as part of the net.
P a g e | 9
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
ANTENNAE
2.4.1 An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of
fiberglass or a similar material.
2.4.2 An antenna is fastened on the outer edge of each side band. The antennae
are placed on opposite sides of the net.
2.4.3 The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and is marked with 10
cm stripes of contrasting color, preferably red and white.
2.4.4 The antennae are considered part of the net and laterally delimit the crossing
space.
POSTS
2.5.1 The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50 to 1.00 m
outside the side lines. They are 2.55 m high and preferably adjustable.
2.5.2 The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the floor without wires. There
shall be no dangerous or obstructing device.
3. THE BALLS
STANDARDS
3.1.1 The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case
with an internal bladder made of rubber or a similar material.
3.1.2 Its color may be a uniform light color or a combination of colors.
3.1.3 Its circumference is between 65-67 cm and its weight between 260-280 g.;
the air pressure needs to be in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications.
UNIFORMITY OF THE BALLS
All balls used in a match must have the same standards regarding
circumference, weight, pressure, type, color, etc.
P a g e | 10
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 2 – PARTICIPANTS
4. TEAMS
TEAM COMPOSITION
4.1.1 A team may consist of up to 14 players, one Coach and one assistant (the
assistant Coach or some other team official).
4.1.2 One of the players, other than the Libero, is the team Captain, who shall be
indicated on the score sheet.
4.1.3 All members of a team will be recorded on the official score sheet of the
Mamanet league, which will be updated periodically by the international
professional committee. A player may be recorded only after presenting a
player's card issued by the league administration.
4.1.4 Only the players recorded on the score sheet may enter the court and play
in the match. Once the Coach and the team Captain have signed the score
sheet, the recorded players cannot be changed.
4.1.5 A player who is late for the start of the match and is recorded on the score
sheet, shall not participate in the same set for which she was late. The player
shall be able to participate in the next set, following the referee's
confirmation that the player was legally recorded on the score sheet.
4.1.6 A team consisting of less than 6 players will be declared INCOMPLETE and
the match will not take place. The team will be charged with a technical loss.
4.1.7 When a team consists of at least 7 players, one of the players (not the team
Captain) may be designated as the Libero; this is throughout the duration of
the entire match.
4.1.8 When a team consists of at least 8 players, up to two of the players (not the
team Captain) may be designated as the Libero; this is throughout the
duration of the entire match.
LOCATION OF THE TEAM
4.2.1 During the match, the players not in play (substitutes) and the assistant shall
sit on their team bench, or stand behind their team bench, or stand in the
free zone next to the service zone.
4.2.2 The players not in play may warm-up without balls as follows:
4.2.2.1 During the match: in the free zone next to the service zone.
4.2.2.2 During time-outs: in the service zone behind the end line.
4.2.3 During set intervals, the players may warm-up with balls within the free zone
of their side of the court.
P a g e | 11
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
EQUIPMENT
4.3.1 The equipment for a player consists of a jersey, pants, socks, and sport shoes.
4.3.2 The equipment of the professional staff (recorded on the score sheet)
consists of a respectable shirt and sport shoes.
4.3.3 In the event of failure to comply to the dress code, the referee is to record a
comment on the score sheet and act in accordance with the instructions of
the league professional coordinator.
4.3.4 The color and the design of the jerseys must be uniform for the entire team
(except for the Liberos); players' pants must be the same color (except for
the Liberos).
4.3.4.1 The game jersey must be intact and without tears.
4.3.5 The shoes must be light and pliable with rubber or composite soles that do
not leave marks and without heels.
4.3.6 The players' jerseys must be numbered.
4.3.6.1 The number must be placed on the jersey at the front and at the center of
the back. The color and brightness of the numbers must contrast with the
color and brightness of the jerseys.
4.3.6.2 The number must be a minimum of 15 cm in height on the front, and a
minimum of 20 cm in height on the back. The stripe forming the numbers
shall be a minimum of 2 cm in width.
4.3.6.3 The team Captain must have a stripe on her jersey (sticker), placed on the
front of the jersey, underlining the number.
4.3.7 It is forbidden to wear a uniform of a color different from that of the other
players (except the Liberos), and/or without numbering as required.
CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT
4.4.1 The 1st referee may authorize one or more players:
4.4.1.1 to change wet or damaged uniforms between sets or after substitution,
provided that the color, design and number of the new uniform(s) are the
same.
4.4.1.2 To play in track suits in cold weather, provided that they are of the same
color and design for the entire team (except the Libero players) and are
numbered according to rule 4.3.6.
FORBIDDEN OBJECTS
4.5.1 It is forbidden to use or wear any objects that may cause injury (watch,
necklace, earrings, etc.) or that could provide an artificial advantage to the
player.
4.5.2 Players may wear glasses or contact lenses at their own risk.
P a g e | 12
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
5. TEAM LEADERS
Both the team Captain and the Coach are responsible for the conduct and
discipline of their team members. The Libero player cannot serve as team
Captain or as a Coach.
TEAM CAPTAIN
5.1.1 Prior to the match, the team Captain signs the score sheet and represents
her team in the toss.
5.1.2 During the match and while she is on the court, the team Captain serves as
the game Captain. When the team Captain is not on the court, the Coach or
the team Captain must appoint another player that is on the court, but not
the Libero, to assume the role of game Captain. This game Captain maintains
her responsibilities until she is substituted, or the team Captain returns to
play, or the set ends.
When the ball is out of play, only the game Captain is authorized to speak to
the referee(s):
5.1.2.1 To request clarification about the application or interpretation of the rules
and to submit the requests or questions of her teammates. If the game
Captain does not agree with the explanation of the 1st referee, she may
choose to protest the ruling, and must immediately indicate to the 1st
referee that she reserves the right to record an official protest on the score
sheet at the end of the match;
5.1.2.2 To ask permission:
a) To change all or part of the equipment;
b) To verify the positions of the team members;
c) To check the floor, the net, the ball; etc.
5.1.2.3 In the absence of the Coach, the team Captain shall receive all
responsibilities of the Coach as outlined in Section 5.2.
5.1.3 At the end of the match, the team Captain:
5.1.3.1 Thank the referees and signs the score sheet, to ratify the result.
5.1.3.2 If she timely notified the 1st referee, she may record on the score sheet an
official protest regarding the referee's application or interpretation of the
rules, on the condition that the protest is recorded up to 15 minutes from
the conclusion of the match.
THE COACH
5.2.1 Throughout the match, the Coach conducts the play of his/her team from
outside the playing court. He/she selects the starting line-ups, the
substitutes, and requests time-outs.
P a g e | 13
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
5.2.2 Prior to the match, the Coach records or checks the names and numbers of
his/her players on the score sheet and then signs it.
5.2.3 During the match, the Coach:
5.2.3.1 Prior to each set, submits to the official scorer the line-up sheet of his/her
team, duly filled in and signed.
5.2.3.2 Sits on the team bench, nearest to the official scorer, but may leave the
bench.
5.2.3.3 Requests time-outs and player substitutions.
5.2.3.4 Asks permission to check the positions of the team players, by checking the
position of the player located in position 1, as long as this does not delay
or interfere with the match in an unreasonable manner.
5.2.3.5 May, along with the rest of the team members, give instructions to the
players on court. The Coach is permitted to give these instructions while
standing or walking within the free zone in front of his/her team's bench
from the extension of the attack line to the warm-up area, without
disturbing or delaying the match.
5.2.4 A player may serve as the Coach of her team if prior to the start of the match,
she had been recorded as the Coach on the score sheet.
5.2.4.1 While not on the court as a player, she would posses all responsibilities of
the coach as outlined in Section 5.2.
5.2.4.2 While in play, she would be defined as a player and the game Captain shall
act in accordance to Section 5.1.2.3 (in the absence of a Coach).
ASSISTANT (ASSISTANT COACH)
5.3.1 The assistant sits on the team bench, but has no right to intervene in the
match.
5.3.2 Should the Coach have to leave his/her team for any reason, including
sanction, the assistant may, at the request of the game Captain and after
approval from the 1st referee, assume the Coach's functions for the duration
of the Coach's absence.
P a g e | 14
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 3 – PLAYING FORMAT
6. TO SCORE A POINT; TO WIN A SET AND THE MATCH
TO SCORE A POINT
6.1.1 Point
A team scores a point:
6.1.1.1 By successfully causing the ball to touch the floor in the opponent’s court;
6.1.1.2 When the opponent team commits a fault;
6.1.1.3 When the opponent team receives a penalty.
6.1.2 Fault:
A team commits a fault by making an action contrary to the rules
(or by violating them in some other way). The referees consider the faults
and determine the consequences according to the rules:
6.1.2.1 If two faults or more faults are committed in succession in the same rally,
only the first fault counts.
6.1.2.2 If two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a
DOUBLE FAULT is declared and the rally is replayed.
6.1.3 Rally and completed rally:
- A rally is a sequence of playing actions from the moment of the service
throw by the server until the ball is out of play.
- A completed rally is a sequence of playing actions that results in the
awarding of a point.
6.1.3.1 If the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and continues to serve.
6.1.3.2 If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and must serve next.
6.1.3.3 A team may be awarded only one point during a completed rally, except in
the event of a sanction.
TO WIN A SET
6.2.1 The first team to reach 21 points with a minimum of a 2-point advantage
wins the set (except the deciding set). In the case of a 20:20 tie, play is
continued until a two-point lead is achieved (20:22, 21:23, 22:24…).
(Diagram 4.10)
TO WIN THE MATCH
6.3.1 The match is won by the team that wins two sets.
P a g e | 15
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
6.3.2 In the event that both teams have won an equal amount of sets, the deciding
set is played to 15 points with a minimum of a 2-point advantage.
DEFAULT AND INCOMPLETE TEAM
6.4.1 If a team refuses to play at the scheduled time after being summoned to do
so, it is declared in default, and a technical loss is recorded with the result 0-
2 for the match and a result of 0:21 for each set.
6.4.2 A team that, without justifiable reason, does not appear on the playing court
on time is declared in default with the same result as in Rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3 A team consisting of less than 6 players will be declared INCOMPLETE and
the match will not take place. The team is declared in default with the same
result as in Rule 6.4.1.
6.4.4 A team that is declared incomplete for the set or for the match, loses the set
or the match, accordingly. The opponent team is awarded the points
required in order to win the set, or the points and sets required to win the
match. The incomplete team keeps points and sets won up until that
declaration.
7. STRUCTURE OF PLAY
THE TOSS
Before the match, the 1st referee performs a coin toss to decide upon the
first service and the sides of the court for the first set.
If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out.
7.1.1 The toss is performed in the presence of the two team Captains.
7.1.2 The winner of the toss chooses either:
7.1.2.1 The right to serve or to receive the service,
OR
7.1.2.2 The side of the court.
The loser makes the remaining choice.
OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION
7.2.1 The teams are entitled to a 15-minute warm-up period.
7.2.2 The coin toss will be carried out 13 minutes before the start of the match and
once completed, the teams will proceed to the official warm-up at the net.
Each team will receive half a court on both sides of the net for the official
warm-up at the net.
P a g e | 16
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
TEAM STARTING LINE-UP
7.3.1 At all times, each team must have six players in play.
The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the players on
the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set.
7.3.2 Before the start of each set, the Coach must submit the starting line-up of
his/her team on a line-up sheet. The sheet is submitted, duly filled in and
signed, to the scorer.
7.3.3 The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the substitutes for
that set (except the Libero players).
7.3.4 Once the line-up sheet has been submitted to the scorer (or the recording of
the starting line-up has been completed), no change in the line-up sheet may
be authorized without a regular substitution.
7.3.5 Discrepancies between the line-up sheet and the players' positions on the
court shall be handled with as follows:
7.3.5.1 When such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the set, players'
positions must be rectified according to those on the line-up sheet – there
will be no sanction.
7.3.5.2 When, before the start of the set, a player on the court is found to not be
registered on the line-up sheet of that set, this player must be changed to
conform to the line-up sheet – there will be no sanction.
7.3.5.3 However, if the Coach wishes to keep such non-recorded player(s) on the
court, he/she has to request regular substitution(s), by use of the
corresponding hand signal, which will then be recorded on the score sheet.
7.3.5.4 If a discrepancy between players' positions and the line-up sheet is
discovered later, the team at fault must revert to the correct positions. The
opponent team receives a point and the next service.
POSITIONS
At the moment the ball is thrown by the server, each team must be
positioned within its own court in the rotational order (except for the server).
7.4.1 The positions of the players are numbered as follows:
7.4.1.1 The three players along the net are front-row players and occupy positions
IV (front-left), III (front-center) and II (front-right).
7.4.1.2 The other three are back-row players occupying positions V (back-left) VI
(back-center) and I (back-right).
7.4.2 Relative positions between players:
7.4.2.1 Each back-row player must be positioned further back from the center line
than the corresponding front-row player;
P a g e | 17
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
7.4.2.2 The front-row players and the back-row players, respectively, must be
positioned laterally in the order indicated in Rule 7.4.1.
7.4.3 The positions of players are determined and controlled according to the
positions of their feet contacting the ground, as follows:
7.4.3.1 Each front-row player must have at least a part of her foot closer to the
center line than the feet of the corresponding back-row player.
7.4.3.2 Each right (left) side player must have at least a part of her foot closer to
the right (left) sideline than the feet of the center player in that row.
7.4.4 After the service throw, the players may move around and occupy any
position on their court and the free zone.
POSITIONAL FAULT
7.5.1 The team commits a positional fault if any player is not in her correct position
at the moment the ball is thrown by the server.
7.5.2 If the server commits a serving fault at the moment of the service throw, the
server's fault is considered as preceding a positional fault.
7.5.3 A positional fault leads to the following consequences:
7.5.3.1 The team is sanctioned with a point and service transfers to the opponent.
7.5.3.2 Players' positions are rectified.
ROTATION
7.6.1 The rotational order is determined by the team's starting line-up and
controlled with the service order and players' positions throughout the set.
7.6.2 When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players rotate one
position clockwise: The player in position II rotates to position I to serve; the
player in position I rotates to position VI, etc.
ROTATIONAL FAULT
7.7.1 A rotational fault is committed when the SERVICE is not made according to
the rotational order.
7.7.2 A rotational fault precedes any other fault, even if it is discovered after
completion of the rally, and leads to the following consequences:
7.7.2.1 The team is sanctioned with a point and service transfers to the opponent.
7.7.2.2 The players' rotational order must be rectified.
7.7.2.3 In case of a rotational fault during which the team scored more than 1 point
in completed rallies and/or there was a number of successive rotational
faults, once the rotational fault is discovered the team is sanctioned with a
P a g e | 18
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
point and service to the opponent, with no point(s) cancellation taking
place.
CHAPTER 4 – STATE OF PLAY
8. STATES OF PLAY
BALL IN PLAY
The ball is considered "in play" from the moment that the service throw is
authorized by the 1st referee.
BALL OUT OF PLAY
The ball is considered "out of play" at the moment a fault occurs that is
whistled by one of the referees; in the absence of a fault, at the moment of
the whistle.
BALL "IN"
The ball is considered "in" if some part of the ball touches the court, including
the boundary lines.
BALL "OUT"
A ball is "out" when:
8.4.1 The part of the ball that made contact with the floor is completely outside
the boundary lines;
8.4.2 It touches a foreign object outside the court, the ceiling, or a person that is
out of play.
8.4.3 It touches the antennae, cables, posts, or the net itself outside the side
bands.
8.4.4 It crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally outside the
crossing space.
8.4.5 It crosses in its entirety the vertical plane in the lower space under the net.
9. PLAYING THE BALL
Each team must play within its own playing area and space. The ball may,
however, be rescued (retrieved) also from beyond its own free zone.
TEAM CONTACTS WITH THE BALL
Contact is any contact of a player with the ball.
P a g e | 19
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
The team is entitled to a maximum of 3 contacts (in addition to blocking) in
order to return the ball. Therefore, a maximum of 2 passes is permitted
between players of the team. If more contacts occur, the team commits the
fault of "FOUR CONTACTS".
9.1.1 Consecutive Contacts
9.1.1.1 A player is permitted consecutive contacts while attempting to catch the
ball, provided that all consecutive contacts occur successively during one
action and without support of any structure/object. Consecutive contacts
used by a player for a purpose other than catching the ball will be
considered a fault.
9.1.2 Simultaneous Contacts
Two or three players may touch the ball at the same time.
9.1.2.1 When two (or three) team-mates touch the ball simultaneously, it is
counted as 2 (or 3) contacts (with the exception of blocking). If they reach
for the ball together, but only one of them touches it, one contact is
counted.
9.1.2.2 When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and the
ball remains in play, the team to whose side the ball remained is entitled
to another 3 contacts. If such a ball goes "out", it is the fault of the team
on the opposite side than where the ball fell.
9.1.3 Assisted Contact
Within the boundaries of the playing area, a player is not permitted to be
assisted by a teammate or any structure/object in order to catch the ball.
CONTACT CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 The ball may touch any part of the player's body.
9.2.2 The ball may touch various parts of the body provided that the contacts take
place simultaneously or as consecutive contacts.
Exceptions:
9.2.2.1 At blocking, several consecutive contacts may be made by one or more
blocking players, provided that the contacts occur during one action.
9.2.3 It is forbidden to intentionally hit, strike or kick used in order to catch the
ball.
9.2.4 A ball that rebounds from a player unintentionally and crosses to the
opponent's court (through the crossing space), without having been caught
by the team player, will be considered legal and the rally will continue until
one team scores a point.
P a g e | 20
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
STEPS
9.3.1 A step is defined as lifting the foot from the floor and placing it back on the
ground.
9.3.1.1 When the ball is in a player's hands, steps are forbidden, except in the
following situations:
9.3.1.2 A single step, provided that the throw is completed before conclusion of
the step, and not after it has finished, in which case the throw will be
considered as travelling with the ball;
9.3.1.3 Up to 2 steps that end with a jump, provided that the throw is completed
before the player’s landing.
9.3.1.4 During an attempt to catch the ball, steps are permitted only as long as the
player has momentum.
HOLDING THE BALL
The time of holding the ball before passing it is limited to 1 second.
FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL
9.5.1 Two contacts: a player touches the ball more than once, and not as
consecutive contacts. (Diagram 4.17)
9.5.2 Four contacts: a team touches the ball 4 times before returning it. (Diagram
4.18)
9.5.3 Assisted contact: a player is assisted by a teammate or any structure/object
in order to catch the ball within the playing area. (Diagram 4.21)
9.5.4 An intentional hit, strike, or kick at the ball. (Diagram 4.26)
9.5.5 Holding: The ball is held by a player for longer than 1 second, unless the
player is in movement during an attempt to catch the ball and has yet to gain
control over the ball. (Diagram 4.16)
9.5.6 Steps: A player steps more than permitted in Rule 9.3. (Diagram 4.5)
10. BALL AT THE NET
BALL CROSSING THE NET
10.1.1 A ball sent to the opponent's court must go over the net within the crossing
space. The crossing space is the part of the vertical plane of the net limited
as follows:
10.1.1.1 From the bottom, by the top of the net;
10.1.1.2 At the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension;
10.1.1.3 From above, by the ceiling.
P a g e | 21
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
BALL TOUCHING THE NET
While crossing the net, the ball may touch it.
BALL IN THE NET
10.3.1 Play is continued when a ball driven into the net, within the limits of the three
contacts permitted to the team.
10.3.2 If a ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is cancelled and
replayed.
10.3.3 It is not possible to use the net as a supportive touch in order to catch a ball
that has rebounded towards the net.
REACHING BEYOND THE NET
In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that she
does not interfere with the opponent's play before or during the latter's
attack action.
PENETRATION UNDER THE NET
10.5.1. It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net,
provided that this does not interfere with the opponent’s play.
10.5.2. Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the center line:
10.5.2.1. It is permitted to touch the opponent's court with a foot (feet), provided
that some part of the penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact
with or directly above the center line.
10.5.2.2. It is permitted to touch the opponent's court with any part of the body
above the feet, provided that it does not interfere with the opponent's
play.
10.5.3. Players may penetrate the opponent's free zone, provided they do not
interfere with the opponent's play.
P a g e | 22
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CONTACT WITH THE NET
10.6.1. Contact with the net by any player is considered a fault, if made while playing
the ball or it interferes with the play. It shall be considered an interference
in the following cases:
- Touching the net while playing the ball; or
- Leaning on the net while playing the ball; or
- Pulling at the net - creating an advantage over the opponent.
10.6.2. Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the antennae,
including the net itself, provided that it does not interfere with the play.
10.6.3. When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent player,
no fault is committed.
PLAYER’S FAULTS AT THE NET
10.7.1. A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space, before or
during the opponent's attack action.
10.7.2. A player interferes with the opponent's play, while penetrating into the
opponent's space under the net.
10.7.3. A player's foot (feet) penetrates (penetrate) completely into the opponent's
court.
10.7.4. The ball has fully crossed the vertical plane at the space underneath the net
while in the player's hands.
10.7.5. A player interferes with the opponent’s play by (among others):
- Touching the net while playing the ball;
- Leaning on the net while playing the ball; or
- Pulling at the net - creating an advantage over the opponent.
11. SERVICE
The service is the act of putting the ball into play, by the back-right player,
which is located in the service zone.
FIRST SERVICE IN A SET
11.1.1. The first service of the first set, as well as that of the deciding set, is executed
by the team as determined by the coin toss.
11.1.2. The other sets will start with service by the team that did not serve first in
the previous set.
P a g e | 23
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
SERVICE ORDER
11.2.1. The players must follow the service order recorded on the line-up sheet.
11.2.2. After the first service in a set, the next player to serve is determined as
follows:
11.2.3. When the serving team wins the rally, the player who served before (or her
substitute), serves again.
11.2.4. When the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and rotates
before actually serving. The player that moves from the front-right position
to the back-right position will serve.
PERMISSION FOR SERVICE
The 1st referee authorizes the service after having checked that the two
teams are ready for play and that the server is in possession of the ball.
EXECUTION OF SERVICE
11.4.1. The ball shall be thrown towards the opponent's court.
11.4.2. Service cannot be executed using a hit/strike.
11.4.3. During the serve, the server must not touch the court (including the end line)
or the floor outside the service zone.
11.4.4. The server must throw the ball within 8 seconds of the 1st referee's whistle
for service.
11.4.5. Service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled, and is to be
repeated.
11.4.6. At the moment of the serve, the server's team must not jump or wave arms
in order to hide the flight path of the served ball. The players are allowed to
lift their arms to the height of their head. The serving team is to avoid any
action intended to hide the flight path of the ball.
FAULTS DURING SERVICE
11.5.1. Serving offenses
The following faults transfer the right of service, even if the receiving team
is not in their correct positions:
P a g e | 24
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
11.5.1.1. The server has disrupted the service order; Rotation fault; (Diagram 4.13)
11.5.1.2. The server does not perform the serve properly; (Diagram 4.11, 4.22)
11.5.1.3. Players standing close to the net acted to hide the flight path of the ball,
as per Section 11.4.6 (Diagram 4.12)
11.5.2. Faults after the serve:
After the ball has been properly thrown, a service fault occurs (unless one of
the players is out of position) if the ball:
11.5.2.1. Touches a player of the serving team or fails to cross in its entirety the
vertical plane of the net through the crossing space; (Diagram 4.19)
11.5.2.2. Goes "out"; (Diagram 4.15)
SERVICE FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS
11.6.1. If the server commits a fault while performing the serve (improper
execution, wrong rotational order, etc.) and the opponent is out of position,
the serving fault is foremost and is sanctioned.
11.6.2. Contrarily, if the serve was executed correctly, but after the release of the
serve the service becomes faulty (goes out, goes over a screen, etc.) the
positional fault is foremost and is sanctioned.
12. ATTACK ACTION
All actions whose purpose is to direct the ball towards the opponent, with
the exception of serving and blocking, are considered as attack actions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK ACTION
12.1.1. A spike is an attack action executed while standing or jumping. To spike, up
to 2 approach steps are permitted that end with a jump, provided that the
spike is completed before the player’s landing and adheres to Section 9.3
(Steps).
12.1.2. The approach steps are counted only from the moment the ball has been
caught. If a player catches the ball while moving, the approach steps will be
counted only after the conclusion of the step in which she gains control of
the ball.
P a g e | 25
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK ACTION
12.2.1. A back-row player (except for a "Libero" player) may complete an attack
action from the back zone:
12.2.1.1. At the time of the jump, the player's foot (feet) must neither have touched
nor crossed over the attack line;
12.2.1.2. After throwing the ball, the player may land within the front zone.
12.2.2. A back-row player may also complete an attack action from the front zone in
any manner, on the condition that at the moment of the throw, the ball in
its entirety is not higher than the top of the net.
12.2.3. No player is permitted to complete an attack action against the opponent's
service unless the player catches the ball while standing and only then
attacks. If the player catches the serve in the air and prior to landing
completes a spike into the opponent's court, the attack will be considered a
fault of "ATTACK ACTION".
FAULTS OF THE ATTACK ACTION
12.3.1. A player throws the ball "out". (Diagram 4.15)
12.3.2. A back-row player completes an attack action from the front zone, if at the
moment of release, the ball in its entirety is higher than the top of the net.
(Diagram 4.21)
12.3.3. A player completes an attack action on the opponent's service, per Rule
12.2.3. (Diagram 4.21)
12.3.4. A Libero player completes an attack action, if at the moment of release, the
ball in its entirety is higher than the top of the net. (Diagram 4.15)
12.3.5. A player completes an attack action while her hand is still in contact with the
ball after the ball has passed the horizontal line of the net in its entirety, into
the opponent's court. (Diagram 4.20)
12.3.6. A player performs steps in violation of Section 12.1. (Diagram 4.5)
13. BLOCK
BLOCKING
13.1.1. Blocking is the action of players located close to the net, whose purpose is to
prevent the ball coming from the opponent's court from entering the
blocking team's court.
The block is performed by reaching the hands higher than the top of the net.
13.1.2. Only front players are allowed to complete a block.
13.1.3. Attempted block:
An attempted block is a blocking action that does not make contact with the
ball.
P a g e | 26
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
13.1.4. Completed block:
A block is completed when at least one blocker touches the ball.
13.1.5. Collective block:
A collective block is executed by two or three players close to one another
and is completed when one of them touches the ball.
BALL CONTACT DURING BLOCK
One or more blockers may make consecutive (quick and continuous) contact
with the ball, provided that the contacts occur during one action.
BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE
While blocking, the player may extend her hands and arms beyond the net,
provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent's play. Thus,
it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an opponent has
executed an attack action.
BLOCK AND TEAM CONTACTS
13.4.1. A block contact is not counted as a team contact. Consequently, after a block
contact, a team is entitled to three contacts to return the ball.
13.4.2. The first contact after the block may be executed by any player, including the
play that touched the ball during the block.
13.4.3. The blocker is permitted to catch the ball while blocking; this will then count
as the first contact.
BLOCKING THE SERVICE
It is forbidden to block an opponent's service.
BLOCKING FAULTS
13.6.1. The blocker touches the ball in the opponent's space either before or
simultaneously with the opponent's attack action. (Diagram 4.12)
13.6.2. A back-row player or "Libero" player completes a block or participates in a
completed block. (Diagram 4.12)
13.6.3. Blocking the opponent's service. (Diagram 4.12)
13.6.4. The ball goes "out" from the block. (Diagram 4.15)
13.6.5. A Libero participated in an individual or collective attempted block. (Diagram
4.12)
P a g e | 27
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 5 – INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
14. REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
Regular game interruptions are "time-outs" and "substitutions".
A game interruption is the time between one completed rally and the 1st
referee's whistle for the next service.
NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
Each team may request a maximum of two time-outs and six substitutions
per set.
REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
14.2.1. The regular game interruptions can be requested by the Coach, or in the
Coach's absence, by the acting game Captain, and only by them.
The request is made by the suitable hand signal, when the ball is out of play
and before the whistle for the next service. (Diagram 4.4, 4.5)
14.2.2. A request for substitution made before the beginning of a set is permitted,
and should be recorded as a regular substitution in that set.
CONSECUTIVE GAME INTERRUPTIONS
14.3.1. One or two requests for a time-out and one request for a substitution by the
same team can be made one after the other without any need to renew the
game.
14.3.2. Contrarily, a team is not permitted to submit consecutive requests for
substitutions in the same game interruption. Two or more players may be
substituted during the same game interruption.
TIME-OUTS
14.4.1. All requested time-outs are for a duration of 30 seconds.
14.4.2. During all of the time-outs, the players in-play must go to the free zone
nearest their team's bench.
SUBSTITUTION
A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero and the
player that the Libero has replaced, enters the game to occupy the position
of another player, who must leave the court at that moment. This is done
after being recorded by the scorer. A substitution requires the permission of
the referee.
P a g e | 28
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
LIMITATIONS OF SUBSTITUTION
14.6.1. Each time is permitted up to six substitutions per set. One player or more
players may be substituted at the same time.
14.6.2. A starting line-up player may be substituted off the court and return, but only
once in a set, and only to his/her previous position in the line-up.
14.6.3. A substitute player may enter the game in place of a starting line-up player
only once a set, and she can only be substituted by the same starting player.
EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION
14.7.1. An injured or sick player (excluding the "Libero") who is unable to continue
to play is to be substituted in a regular substitution. If this is not possible, the
team is permitted to make an exceptional substitution, which is not in
accordance to the restrictions stated in Section 14.6.
14.7.2. An exceptional substitution means that any player who is not on the court at
the time of the injury/illness, excluding the "Libero", the second Libero, and
the regular player they replace, may be substituted into the game for the
injured/ill player. The substituted injured/ill player is not permitted to return
to the court throughout the entire match.
14.7.3. If a team requests an exceptional substitution with the "Libero" player, the
"Libero" player is to be replaced on the court by the regular player, change
into a game jersey that matches the remainder of the teammates and is
numbered accordingly, then complete the exceptional substitution with the
injured/ill player.
14.7.4. An exceptional substitution with a "Libero" player will be permitted on the
condition that there is no possibility for an exceptional substitution with a
player that is not defined as a "Libero" player.
14.7.5. A "Libero" player that has partaken in an exceptional substitution will not
revert to a "Libero" player in the match.
14.7.6. Under no circumstances can an exceptional substitution be counted as a
regular substitution.
SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION
An expelled or disqualified player must be immediately substituted through
a regular substitution. If this is not possible, the team is declared
INCOMPLETE.
P a g e | 29
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION
14.9.1. A substitution is illegal if it does not meet the limitations stated in Section
14.6 (except the case of Rule 14.7).
14.9.2. When a team has made an illegal substitution and play has resumed, the
following procedure shall apply:
14.9.2.1. The violating team is sanctioned with a point and service is awarded to
the opponent.
14.9.2.2. The substitution must be corrected.
SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE
14.10.1. Substitution must be performed within the substitution zone.
14.10.2. A substitution shall only last for the time required to record the substitution
on the score sheet and for the entry and exit of the players.
14.10.3. When requesting a substitution, the player(s) must be ready to enter the
court, located close to the substitution zone.
14.10.4. If this is not the situation, the substitution is not to be permitted, and the
team is to be sanctioned for a delay.
14.10.5. If the team intends to make more than one substitution in the same request,
the number of substitutions must be indicated during the request. In this
case, substitutions must be made in succession, one pair of players after
another.
IMPROPER REQUESTS
14.11.1. It not permitted to request any sort of game interruption:
14.11.1.1. During a rally, or during/after the whistle to serve,
14.11.1.2. By a non-authorized team member;
14.11.1.3. For a second substitution during the same interruption by the same
team.
14.11.1.4. After having exhausted the permitted number of time-outs and
substitutions.
14.11.2. The first improper request in the match that does not affect the game or
delay the game shall be rejected with a warning, and without any further
consequences.
14.11.3. Any additional improper request in the match by the same team constitutes
a delay, and is to be sanctioned accordingly. (Diagram 4.25)
P a g e | 30
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
15. GAME DELAYS
TYPES OF DELAY
An improper action of a team that prevents the renewal of the game is a
delay, and includes, amongst others:
15.1.1. A delay in the substitution of players;
15.1.2. Prolonging interruptions, after having been instructed to resume the game;
15.1.3. Requesting an illegal substitution;
15.1.4. Repeating an improper request;
15.1.5. Delaying the game by a team member.
DELAY SANCTIONS
15.2.1. The "delay warning" and "delay penalty" are team sanctions.
15.2.1.1. Delay sanctions are valid for the entire match.
15.2.1.2. All delay sanctions are recorded on the score sheet.
15.2.2. The first delay in a match by a team member is sanctioned with a "delay
warning". (Diagram 4.25)
15.2.3. The second delay and subsequent delays of any type, made by any member
of the same team in the same match, constitute a fault and are sanctioned
with a "delay penalty": a sanctioned point and service to the opponent.
(Diagram 4.25)
15.2.4. Delay sanctions imposed before or between sets are applied to the following
set.
16. EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS
INJURY
16.1.1. Should a serious injury occur while the ball is in play, the referee must
immediately stop the game and permit medical assistance to enter the court.
The rally is then replayed.
16.1.2. The injured player is given a 3-minute recovery period, but only once for the
same player in the match.
16.1.3. If the player does not recover within the 3 minutes, and it is not possible for
a regular or exceptional substitution, the team is declared incomplete.
EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE
If an external interference occurs during the game, the rally is to be stopped
and the rally is replayed.
P a g e | 31
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS
16.3.1. If unforeseen circumstances interrupt the match, the referee shall decide the
measures to be taken to re-establish normal conditions for the match.
16.3.2. If the match is resumed on the same playing court, the interrupted set shall
resume normally with the same score, players and positions. The results of
the previously played sets are preserved.
16.3.3. If the match is resumed on a different playing court, the interrupted set is
cancelled and replayed with the same players and the same starting line-ups.
The results of the previously played sets are preserved.
16.3.4. If the match is resumed on a different date, the match shall be replayed in
its entirety.
17. INTERVALS BETWEEN SETS AND CHANGING COURTS
INTERVALS BETWEEN SETS
The intervals between sets are for a duration of 3 minutes.
During this time, the change of courts is performed and the line-ups for the
teams are recorded on the score sheet.
CHANGING COURTS
After each set, the teams change courts, with the exception of prior to the
deciding set. (Diagram 4.3)
P a g e | 32
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 6 – THE LIBERO PLAYER
18. THE LIBERO PLAYER
DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO
18.1.1. Each team has the right to designate, from its list of players, up to two
specialist defensive players: Liberos, on the condition:
18.1.1.1. If a team consists of at least 8 players, two of the players may be
designated as Libero players; this is for the duration of the entire match.
18.1.1.2. If a team consists of at least 7 players, one of the players may be
designated as the Libero; this is for the duration of the entire match.
18.1.2. All Libero players must be recorded on the score sheet prior to the start of
the match.
18.1.3. Two Libero players may be on the court at any time.
18.1.4. A Libero is not permitted to serve as team Captain, or game Captain, or as a
Coach, as long as she functions as a Libero player.
EQUIPMENT
The Libero must wear a uniform in which at least the jersey is a contrasting
color to the color of the rest of the team. The "Libero" uniform may be of a
different style, but must be numbered like the remainder of the team.
P a g e | 33
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO
18.3.1. Playing actions:
18.3.1.1. The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back-row position.
18.3.1.2. The Libero is limited to act only as a back-row player and is not allowed to
complete an attack action from anywhere if at the moment of the throw,
the ball in its entirety is higher than the top of the net.
18.3.1.3. The Libero may not serve or block.
18.3.2. Player substitutions involving Libero
18.3.2.1. Libero Replacements are not counted as regular substitutions.
They are unlimited, but at least one completed rally must take place
between two Libero replacements.
18.3.2.2. A regular player may replace and be replaced by either of the two Libero
players. The active Libero player can be replaced by either the regular
player for that position, or by the second Libero.
18.3.2.3. Libero replacements must take place only when the ball is out of play and
before the whistle for service.
At the start of each set, the Libero permitted to enter the court only after
the Referee/Scorer has checked that the starting line-up matches the
score sheet.
18.3.2.4. A Libero replacement made after the whistle for service but before the
service throw, should not be rejected; however, at the end of the rally, a
verbal warning will be issued.
Subsequent late Libero replacements shall result immediate interruption
of the rally, and a delay sanction. The team to serve next will be
determined by the level of the delay sanction.
18.3.2.5. The Libero and the replacing player may only enter or leave the court
through the Libero replacement zone.
18.3.2.6. An illegal Libero replacement may occur (amongst others):
- A rally was not completed between two Libero replacements;
- The Libero was replaced by a different player than the regular
replacement player for that position.
An illegal Libero replacement should be sanctioned like a rotational fault.
P a g e | 34
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO
18.4.1. In the event that one of the "Libero" players that are registered on the score
sheet as unfit to continue to play, the Coach is entitled to designate any
player (except the replacing regular player) who is not located on the court
at the point of the designation as a new "Libero" until the conclusion of the
game. The Coach requests for permission from the referee to designate the
new "Libero" player. The player must change into the Libero game uniform.
EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION
If a Libero is expelled or disqualified, she may be immediately replaced by
the team’s second Libero. If the team has only one Libero, it will continue to
play without a Libero for the duration of the sanction.
P a g e | 35
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 7 – PARTICIPANTS’ CONDUCT
19. CONDUCT REQUIREMENTS
SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT
19.1.1. Participants must know the "Official Mamanet Rules of the game" and abide
by them.
19.1.2. Participants must accept referees’ decisions in a sportsmanlike manner, and
without disputing them.
In case of doubt, clarification may be requested only by the game Captain.
19.1.3. Participants must refrain from actions or behavior intended to influence the
referees' decisions or cover up faults committed by their team.
FAIR PLAY
19.2.1. Participants must behave respectfully and courteously in the spirit of FAIR
PLAY, not only towards the referees, but also towards other officials, the
opponent, teammates and spectators.
19.2.2. Mamanet will periodically update the guidelines of FAIR PLAY, and these
guidelines will pertain to all league participants.
19.2.3. The main principles of FAIR PLAY are: fair competition, mutual respect,
friendship, team spirit and equal opportunities. Additionally, there are
unwritten rules, such as: integrity, solidarity, tolerance, consideration,
excellence and love of the game.
19.2.4. The FAIR PLAY card is a green-colored card that recognizes acts of fair play
by the participants during the match, and is presented by the referee. A
green card may be presented to a team player, Coach, member of another
team, or spectators in the following situations:
19.2.4.1. A unique act or gesture of sportsmanlike conduct;
19.2.4.2. Acceptance and respect for the referee's decision;
19.2.4.3. Fair conduct towards players on the opposing team;
19.2.4.4. A show of support of players, in accordance to the FAIR PLAY principles.
19.2.5. Communication between team-mates during the match is permitted.
19.2.6. A team is liable for any unsportsmanlike act carried out by: a team player; a
team staff member; team fans; an entity associated the team; and/or any
other entity associated with the team.
19.2.7. The team liability extends beyond the game time and obligates the team to
maintain sportsmanlike behavior and prevent any slander through negative
publicity.
19.2.8. It is prohibited to boo or cheer in an unsportsmanlike manner or in a manner
contrary to the FAIR PLAY.
19.2.9. The values of sportsmanship apply to all entities detailed in Section 19.2.6.
P a g e | 36
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
19.2.10. In order to enforce the sportsmanlike values, the referee has the following
authorization:
19.2.10.1. A verbal warning to the game Captain along with a request to stop the
unsportsmanlike conduct and/or interrupt and replay of the rally (Repeat
rally) due to the interference cause by the unsportsmanlike conduct
and/or
19.2.10.2. Sanctioning the team in accordance to the sanction scale, including
sanctions of a penalty, awarding a point to the opposing team and/or
19.2.10.3. Discontinuation of play. In such a case, a decision to continue play or a
ruling of a technical loss of the set/match will be determined by the
professional coordinator.
20. MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS
MINOR MISCONDUCT
Minor misconduct offenses do not require sanctions. It is the 1st referee's
duty to prevent the teams from approaching the sanctioning level, through
a verbal warning, or through hand signals towards the team member or to
the team, through the team Captain.
This warning is not a sanction and carried no immediate consequences. It is
not recorded on the score sheet.
MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS
Misconduct by a team member towards officials, opponents, teammates, or
spectators is classified into three categories, according to the severity of the
offense.
20.2.1. Rude conduct: An action contrary to good manners and moral principles, or
any action demonstrating contempt.
20.2.2. Offensive conduct: defamatory or insulting words or gestures.
20.2.3. Violent conduct: an actual physical attack, or aggressive or threatening
behavior.
SANCTION SCALE
According to the judgment of the 1st referee and depending on the severity
of the offense, the sanctions applied and recorded on the score sheet are:
Penalty, Expulsion or Disqualification.
P a g e | 37
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
20.3.1. Penalty (Diagram 4.7)
Rude conduct by any team member is penalized the first time in a match with
a point and service awarded to the opponent.
20.3.2. Expulsion (Diagram 4.8)
20.3.2.1. A team member who is sanctioned by expulsion shall not play for the
remainder of the set, and must remain seated on the team bench, with no
other consequences.
An expelled Coach loses the right to intervene in that set and must remain
seated on the team bench.
20.3.2.2. The first offensive conduct by a team member is sanctioned by expulsion
with no other consequences.
20.3.2.3. The second rude conduct in the same match by the same team member
is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences.
20.3.3. Disqualification (Diagram 4.9)
20.3.3.1. A team member sanctioned with disqualification must leave the court
immediately for the remainder of the match with no other consequences.
20.3.3.2. The first physical attack, or implied or threatened aggression is sanctioned
by disqualification with no other consequences.
20.3.3.3. The second offensive conduct in the same match by the same team
member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
20.3.3.4. The third rude conduct in the same match by the same team member is
sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
APPLICATION OF MISCONDUCT SANCTIONS
20.4.1. All misconduct sanctions are individual sanctions, remain valid for the entire
match, and are recorded on the score sheet.
20.4.2. Repetitive misconduct by the same team member in the same match is
sanctioned with progressive severity (the team member receives a more
severe sanction for each addition offense).
20.4.3. Expulsion or disqualification due to offensive or violent conduct does not
require a previous sanction.
MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS
Any misconduct occurring before or between sets is sanctioned according to
Section 21.3 and sanctions are applied to the following set.
SANCTION CARDS
Warning: no sanction – Stage 1: verbal warning or hand sign, no card
P a g e | 38
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
Stage 2: Yellow card presented (Diagram 4.6)
Penalty: Red card presented (Diagram 4.7)
Expulsion: Red + Yellow cards presented in one hand (Diagram 4.8)
Disqualification: Red + Yellow cards presented in both hands (Diagram 4.9)
P a g e | 39
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
PART 2
–
THE REFEREES,
THEIR
RESPONSIBILITIES,
AND OFFICIAL
HAND SIGNALS
P a g e | 40
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
CHAPTER 8 – THE REFEREES
21. REFEREE STAFF AND PROCEDURES
COMPOSITION
The referee staff for a match is composed of the following officials:
- The 1st referee
- The 2nd referee (at the discretion of the professional coordinator)
- The scorer
- Four (two) line judges (at the discretion of the professional director)
PROCEDURES
21.2.1. Only the 1st referee and 2nd referee may blow a whistle during the match.
21.2.1.1. The 1st referee signals for the service that begins the rally.
21.2.1.2. The 1st referee and 2nd referee signal the end of a rally, provided that
they are certain a fault has been committed and they have identified its
nature.
21.2.2. They may blow the whistle when the ball is out of play to indicate that they
permit or reject a request by a team.
22.2.1 Immediately following the referee's whistle signaling the completion of a
rally, they have to indicate with the official hand signals:
21.2.2.1. If the fault is whistled by the 1st referee he/she will indicate:
a) the team to serve next;
b) the nature of the fault;
The 2nd referee should follow the first referee's hand signals by repeating
them.
21.2.2.2. If the fault is whistled by the 2nd referee he/she has will indicate:
a) the nature of the fault;
b) the team to serve next, repeating the hand signal of the 1st referee.
In this case the 1st referee does not indicate the nature of the fault, only the
team to serve next.
21.2.2.3. In the case of an attack action fault by a back-row player or by the Libero
player, both referees indicate according to the above Section 21.2.3.1 and
21.2.3.2.
21.2.2.4. In case of a double fault, both referees indicate:
a) the nature of the fault;
b) the players at fault (if necessary);
c) the team to serve next, as indicated by the 1st referee.
P a g e | 41
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
22. 1st REFEREE
LOCATION
The first referee performs his/her duties while standing on a referee’s stand,
located at one end of the net. His/her view should be approximately 50 cm
above the net.
AUTHORITY
22.2.1. The 1st referee directs the match from its beginning to its end. He/she has
authority over all members of the referee staff and team members.
During the match, the decisions of the 1st referee are final. He/she is
authorized to overrule the decisions of other members of the referee staff,
if he/she considers them to be incorrect.
The 1st referee is even authorized to replace a member of the referee staff
who is not performing his/her functions properly.
22.2.2. The 1st referee is authorized to decide any matters related to the match,
including those not provided for in the rules.
22.2.3. The 1st referee shall not permit any argument about his/her decisions.
However, at the request of the game Captain, the 1st referee will provide an
explanation about the application or interpretation of the rules upon which
the decision was made.
If the game Captain does not accept with this explanation and chooses to
protest against such a decision, she must immediately announce that she is
reserving the right to file and record the protest at the conclusion of the
match. The 1st referee must permit the game Captain this right.
22.2.4. The 1st referee is responsible for determining before and during the match
whether the playing area, equipment, and the conditions meet playing
requirements.
P a g e | 42
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
RESPONSIBILITIES
22.3.1. Prior to the match, the 1st referee:
22.3.1.1. Inspects the conditions of the playing area, the balls, and other
equipment;
22.3.1.2. Performs the coin toss in the presence of the team Captains;
22.3.1.3. Oversees the teams' warm-up.
22.3.2. During the game, the 1st referee is authorized:
22.3.2.1. To issue warnings to the teams;
22.3.2.2. To sanction misconduct and delays;
22.3.2.3. To decide about:
a) Faults by the server and positions of the serving team,
b) Faults in playing the ball;
c) Faults above the net and in the upper portion of the net;
d) Attack-action faults by the Libero and back-row players;
e) The ball crossing the lower space under the net in its entirety;
f) A completed block by back-row players or an attempted block by the
Libero.
22.3.3. At the conclusion of the match, he/she checks the score sheet and signs it.
23. 2nd REFEREE
LOCATION
The 2nd referee performs his/her functions while standing outside the playing
court, near the post, across from and facing the 1st referee.
AUTHORITY
23.2.1. The 2nd referee is the assistant of the 1st referee, but has also his/her own
areas of responsibility.
In the event that the 1st referee is unable to fulfill his duties, the 2nd referee
may fulfill his/her role.
P a g e | 43
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
23.2.2. The 2nd referee, without whistling, may discretely signal faults beyond
his/her area of responsibility, but may not insist upon them to the 1st referee.
23.2.3. The 2nd referee oversees the work of the scorer(s).
23.2.4. The 2nd referee oversees the team members on the team bench and reports
their misconduct to the 1st referee.
23.2.5. The 2nd referee authorizes game interruptions, oversees their duration, and
rejects improper requests.
23.2.6. The 2nd referee supervises the number of time-outs and player substitutions
used by each team.
23.2.7. In the case of a player injury of a player, the 2nd referee authorizes an
exceptional substitution or grants a 3-minute recovery time.
RESPONSIBILITIES
23.3.1. At the start of each set, at the change of courts, in the deciding set, and
whenever necessary, the 2nd referee checks that the actual positions of the
players on the court correspond to those on the line-up sheets.
23.3.2. During the match, the 2nd referee decides, whistles and signals:
23.3.2.1. Penetration into the opponent's court and the space under the net;
23.3.2.2. Positional faults of the receiving team;
23.3.2.3. Faulty contact of a player with the net;
23.3.2.4. A completed block by back-row players or an attempted block by the
Libero; or the attack-action fault by back-row players or by the Libero.
23.3.2.5. Contact of the ball with an outside object.
23.3.2.6. Contact of the ball with the floor when the 1st referee is in a position that
does not enable seeing the contact.
23.3.2.7. A ball that crosses the net plane to the opponent’s court, entirely or
partially out of the crossing space, or contacts the antenna on the side
of the court closest to him/her.
23.3.3. At the end of the game he/she signs the score sheet.
24. SCORER
LOCATION
The scorer performs his/her functions while seated at the official scorer's
table on the opposite side of the court from and facing the 1st referee.
RESPONSIBILITIES
The scorer manages the score sheet according to the rules, cooperating with
the 2nd referee.
P a g e | 44
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
He/she uses a buzzer or other sound device to notify of irregularities or give
signals to the referees, based on his areas of responsibility.
24.2.1. Prior to the match and before each set, the scorer:
24.2.1.1. Records the data of the match and teams, and obtains the signatures of
the team Captains and the Coaches;
24.2.1.2. Records the starting line-up of each team from the line-up sheet.
If he/she fails to receive the line-up sheets on time, he/she immediately
notifies the 2nd referee of this.
24.2.2. During the match, the scorer:
24.2.2.1. records the points scored;
24.2.2.2. Checks the serving order of each team and indicates any error to the
referees, immediately following the service throw;
24.2.2.3. Records the time-outs and player substitutions;
24.2.2.4. Informs the referees of an illegal request for interruption;
24.2.2.5. Informs the referees of the conclusion of sets;
24.2.2.6. Records misconduct warnings, sanctions and improper requests;
24.2.2.7. Records all other events as instructed by the 2nd referee, i.e. exceptional
player substitution, recovery time, prolonged interruptions, external
interferences, etc.
24.2.2.8. Oversees the interval between sets.
24.2.3. At the end of the match, the Scorer:
24.2.3.1. Records the final result;
24.2.3.2. In case of a protest, after authorization by the 1st referee, writes or
permits the team/game Captain to write on the score sheet the details
related to the protested incident.
24.2.3.3. After signing the score sheet him/herself, he/she obtains the signatures
of the team Captains, and then of the referees.
25. LINE JUDGES
LOCATION
If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the court closest
to the right hand of each referee, diagonally, at a distance of 1-2 meters from
the corner.
Each one of them oversees the end line and the side line closest to them.
P a g e | 45
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
RESPONSIBILITIES
25.2.1. The line judges perform their functions using flags (measuring 40x40 cm) to
signal:
25.2.1.1. The ball "in" and "out", whenever the ball lands on the floor nearby to
their line(s); (Diagram 5.1, 5.2)
25.2.1.2. A contact with the ball made by a player before it goes "out". (Diagram
5.3)
25.2.1.3. The ball that touches an antenna, a served ball that crosses the net
outside the crossing space, etc.; (Diagram 5.4)
25.2.1.4. Any player (except the server) that steps outside her court at the moment
of the service throw; (Diagram 5.4)
25.2.1.5. Foot faults by the serving player (Diagram 5.4)
25.2.2. At the request of the 1st referee, a line judge must repeat his/her signal.
26. OFFICIAL SIGNALS
REFEREES' HAND SIGNALS
The referees must use official hand signals to indicate the reason for their
whistle (the nature of the fault whistled or the purpose of the authorized
interruption). The signal has to be maintained for a moment, and if indicated
with one hand, it is to be performed by the hand that corresponds to the side
of the team that made the fault or the request. (Drawings 4)
LINE JUDGES' FLAG SIGNALS
The line judges must use official flag signal to indicate the nature of the fault
indicated, and maintain the signal for a moment. (Diagrams 5)
P a g e | 46
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
PART 3
–
DIAGRAMS
P a g e | 47
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 1 – THE PLAYING AREA
P a g e | 48
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 2 – THE COURT
P a g e | 49
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 3 – THE NET, THE ANTENNAE,
AND THE CROSSING SPACE
P a g e | 50
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 4: REFEREES OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
AUTHORIZATION TO SERVE
Move the hand to indicate direction of service
TEAM TO SERVE NEXT
Extend the arm to the side of team that will serve
CHANGE OF COURTS
Raise the forearms in front and in back, then
twist them around the body in a counter-clockwise manner.
TIME-OUT
Place the palm of one hand over the fingers of the other, held
vertically (forming a "T"), then indicate the requesting team
1. PLAYER SUBSTITUTION
2. STEPS FAULT:
During approach steps to a spike, taking a step and not
passing the ball prior to finishing the step, walking with
the ball.
Circular movements of the forearms, one over the other
P a g e | 51
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
MISCONDUCT WARNING
Show a yellow card for a warning
MISCONDUCT PENALTY
Show a red card for a penalty
EXPULSION
Show both cards held jointly in one hand for expulsion
DISQUALIFICATION
Show red and yellow cards held separately in each hand
for disqualification
END OF SET (OR MATCH)
Cross the forearms in front of the chest with hands open
P a g e | 52
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DELAY IN SERVICE
Raise 8 fingers, spread open
BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING
Raise both arms vertically, palms forward
POSITIONAL OR ROTATIONAL FAULT
Make a circular motion with the forefinger
BALL "IN"
Point the arm and fingers toward the floor
BALL "OUT"
Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, palms toward the
body
BALL HELD FOR MORE THAN ONE SECOND
Raise 1 finger for ball held for more than one second.
DOUBLE CONTACT
Raise two fingers, spread open
P a g e | 53
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
4 CONTACTS
Raise four fingers, spread open
NET TOUCH BY PLAYER; SERVE THAT FAILS TO PASS
TO THE OPPONENT THROUGH CROSS SPACE
Indicate the relevant side of the net with the corresponding
hand
REACHING BEYOND THE NET
Place a hand over the net, palm facing downwards
ATTACK ACTION FAULT
Make a downward motion with the forearm, hand open
PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT'S COURT;
BALL CROSSING THE LOWER SPACE;
SERVER TOUCHES END LINE OR PLAYER STEPS
OUTSIDE HER COURT AT THE MOMENT OF THE
SERVE
Point to the center line or to the relevant line
P a g e | 54
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY
Raise both thumbs vertically
BALL TOUCHED (BEFORE GOING OUT)
Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers of the other, held
vertically
DELAY WARNING/DELAY PENALTY
Cover the wrist with a yellow card (warning) and with a red
card (penalty)
INTENTIONAL HIT, STRIKE OR KICK OF THE BALL
Lift the extended arm, palm facing upwards
FAIR PLAY
Raised green card to a player that has shown
outstanding fair play
27
P a g e | 55
All rights reserved to Mamanet©.
No part of this document may be reproduced without written permission.
DIAGRAM 5: LINE JUDGES OFFICIAL FLAG SIGNALS
Ball "in"
Point down with the flag
Ball "out"
Raise the flag vertically
Contact with the ball
Raise the flag and brush its top with the free palm
Crossing space faults, ball touched an outside object or a
player's foot fault during service
Wave the flag overhead and point to the antenna or the
respective line
Judgment impossible
Raise and cross both arms and hands in front of the chest