1. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 1Office for Bombing PreventionImprovised Explosive Device Awarenessprepared for:Bomb Making Materials Awareness Program

2. Madrid, SpainPresenters Name June 17, 2003 2 3. IED AwarenessYou represent the first line of defense!You may be the first one to identify the presence of an IED.Your vigilance can make a difference!Presenters Name June 17, 2003 3 4. What is an IED?Presenters Name June 17, 2003 4Improvised Explosive DeviceU.S. Federal Statutes define an IED as: A modified explosive device built with available materials to achievespecific results, to destroy, kill, incapacitate, harass or distract. A Destructive Device means any explosive, incendiary, or poisongas bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge more than fourounces, missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of morethan one-quarter ounce, mine or similar deviceThe federal term for IED is Destructive Device (DD) and can be foundin 26 USC section 5845(f). 5. What are we up against?IED attacks remain the primary tactic for bombers, terrorists and criminals seekingrelatively uncomplicated, inexpensive means for inflictingmass casualties and maximum damage.The use of IEDs represents the most likely domestic threat to the United States,our citizens, and our way of life.Presenters Name June 17, 2003 5 6. ExplosivesProbability of ThreatIndustrial ChemicalsPresenters Name June 17, 2003BiologicalRadioactive / Nuclear 7. 2005 London Subway PlotPresenters Name June 17, 2003DevelopmentsAQ-APHasanZindanial islah-Political MovementAnwar al-AwlakiLindhRadical ClericMubin Shaikh, 2006 TronotoBomb Plot2007, Ft. Dix PlotAl Qaeda 8. Presenters Name June 17, 2003SurveillanceCiticorp Bank Plot Financial Sector targeted Duration 1 year + Hidden amongst the population Dhiren Barot (Issa al Britani)Known Associates Khalid Shaikh Mohammed(AQ #2, 911Mastermind) Qaisar Shaffi (WMD Conspirator) Hambali (JI Operations Chief) 9. The Threat: Progression of IED SophisticationHome Made Explosives(HME)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 9Vehicle BorneImprovisedExplosive Device(VBIED)Simple MechanicalDevicesSophisticated Devices:Radio/Remote Controlled/DTMFDigital circuitryAnti-Disturbance FeaturesInternet search engine:Suicide BombersResults 1-10 of about 6,980,000 for bomb making. (0.17 seconds)Terrorists tactics are progressing as well! 10. The IED as a Weapons SystemAhmed, age 14, calls on cellphoneF-16 Delivery Platform Mohammeds TruckAGM-65 Maverick Warhead IEDPilot Key Enabler The Bombmaker$$$,$$$,$$$ Cost $$$Presenters Name June 17, 2003LANTIRN Pod, Radar Target AcquisitionJamal, age 18, recordsconvoy movements andpatterns in notebookJSTARS & AWACS Target MovementsMansour, age 12, checkstrucksTargetIdentificationIntelligence, Surveillance, &Reconnaissance AssetsWafik, coordinates attacksCommand andControlMilitary Chain of Command 11. Types of ExplosivesWhats the Difference?High Explosives (HE): Detonating Above 3300 fps.A High Explosive is a compound or mixture of compounds which, when subject toheat, shock, friction or impact undergoes a very rapid self propagating, heatproducing decomposition.Examples include TNT, C-4, Tetryl, Composition B, ANFO and many more.Low Explosives (LE): Deflagrating Below 3300 fps.Low Explosives create a subsonic explosion and lack HEs overpressure wave.Examples include gun powders (black powder, smokeless powder), propellants and mostpyrotechnic materials .Presenters Name June 17, 2003 12. The Fire Triangle!Elements to support combustionPresenters Name June 17, 2003 13. Deflagration vs. DetonationPresenters Name June 17, 2003 14. Types of ExplosionsPresenters Name June 17, 20031. Mechanical2. Chemical3. Fuel Air4. Nuclear 15. Mechanical ExplosionPresenters Name June 17, 2003 15 16. Flash Powder Pipe BombPresenters Name June 17, 2003 16 17. Fuel Air Explosive (FAE)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 18. Fuel Air Explosive (FAE)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 19. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 19 20. Types of DetonationsPresenters Name June 17, 2003 20 High Order Low Order 21. The Explosive TrainPresenters Name June 17, 2003A Three StageExplosive Train 22. Explosive EffectsThere are three effects associated with a detonation of an explosive device.Presenters Name June 17, 2003 221. Thermal2. Blast3. Fragmentation 23. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 23ThermalTemperatures reach thousands of degreesHigh explosives short durationLow explosives long duration 24. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 24Blast 25. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 25BlastShock front 26. Blast ReflectionBl a&st Re fAlectimon &p Amlpilifficiactioan tionPresenters Name June 17, 2003 26 27. Positive & Negative PhasePresenters Name June 17, 2003 28. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 28FragmentationPrimary (1000s fps)ContainerMunitions caseShrapnelSecondary (100s fps)Includes the aboveAny debris located near the seat ofthe blast 29. Combination of Blast & FragPresenters Name June 17, 2003 29 30. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 30 31. Critical ComponentsPresenters Name June 17, 2003 31Power SourceInitiatorExplosiveContainerSwitch 32. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 32ElectricalMechanicalChemicalPower Source 33. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 33Initiator 34. Explosive Main Chargethere is enough uncontrolled SEMTEX to support terrorismthroughout the world for 150 years.President Vaclav Havel, Czech Republic, 1990TNT Equivalent: 1.35 (Semtex-H)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 34 35. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 35SwitchArmingFiring 36. Switches/SensorsBiostatic Microwave UltrasonicPresenters Name June 17, 2003AIRPassive Infrared (PIR) 37. Switches/SensorsPresenters Name June 17, 2003PIR IMAGES 38. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 38ContainerUsed to concealTransportIncrease lethality 39. Type by FunctionThree typical type by function categories of IEDPresenters Name June 17, 2003 39are most commonly used.1.Time fired2.Victim operated3.Command initiated 40. IED detonates after pre-set time delay.Mechanical, analog, igniferous, digital or electronictiming mechanisms can be utilized.Presenters Name June 17, 2003 40Time Fired1. Clock 4. Timers2. Watches 5. Burning fuse3. Integrated circuits 41. Victim OperatedIED detonates by actions of unsuspecting individuals1. Disturbance 6. Light2. Pressure 7. Acoustic3. Pressure release 8. Magnetic4. Tension/Pull 9. Passive infra red (PIR)5. Tension release/Push 10. Active infra red (AIR)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 41 42. Command InitiatedBomber to choose optimum moment to detonate IED1. Cell phones 6.Any combination of2. Radios transmitter/receiver3. Doorbells 7. Mechanical (Pull/Release)4. Keyless entry system 8. Car Alarms5. Pagers 9. Command wirePresenters Name June 17, 2003 42 43. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 43Command Initiated device 44. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 44 45. IED ThreatsPresenters Name June 17, 2003 461. Vehicle Borne IED (VBIED)2. Suicide Bombs (PBIED)3. Remote Controlled (RCIED)4. Maritime (WBIED)5. Multiple/Simultaneous Incidents6. Soft Target/High Risk Re-Capture7. Secondary Device 46. IED Standoff Distance (Front)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 47. IED Standoff Distance (Back)Presenters Name June 17, 2003 48. VBIED being counter-charged.If you can see it, It can see you!Presenters Name June 17, 2003 49 49. Safety precautions!1. Do not touch or move suspicious items2. Move away to a safe distance3. Prevent others from approaching4. Communicate safely to staff, visitors and the public5. Dont use radios/cell phones in the immediate vicinity of aPresenters Name June 17, 2003 50suspect item6. Notify proper authorities7. Ensure that whoever found the item or witnessed the incidentremains on hand to brief the police8. Always be aware of secondary devicesALWAYS SUSPECT THE DEVICE IS ARMED AND READY TO FIRE 50. Secondary DevicesPresenters Name June 17, 2003 51Eric RudolphBeslanIRA 51. Things NOT to do with a suspect IED!Presenters Name June 17, 2003 52 52. Another example of what NOT to dowith a suspect IEDPresenters Name June 17, 2003 53 53. Are there any questions?Presenters Name June 17, 2003 54. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 55Improvised Explosive Device AwarenessFor more information on IED security programs and initiatives contact:DHS Office for Bombing Prevention(703) 235-5723OBP@dhs.gov