Offsprings resemble their parents (Inheritance)

• Parents transmit their characteristics to their offsprings. Flies produce flies, pine trees produce pine trees, etc.

• All organisms have a genetic code and their inherited traits are based on the DNA of that particular organism’s species.

GENETICS (Chapter 11)

Mr. Victor M. GaldoScience Department

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON S.H.S

GENETICS – Copy the key terms on the questions column and define them on the notes section:

1) Fertilization 2) True-breeding 3) Trait 4) Hybrids 5) Genes 6) Alleles 7) Homozygous 8) Heterozygous9) Gametes – sex cells10) Principle of Dominance11) Principle of Segregation12) Phenotype 13) Genotype14) Punnett Squares

GENETICS - It is the study of heredity• Gregor Mendel’s work with pea plants was key

to understanding biological inheritance. • Key terms: 1) Fertilization – during sexual reproduction male

and female reproductive cells join.2) True-breeding – organisms that self-pollinate

producing offspring identical to themselves.3) Trait – a specific characteristic, i.e., color, size,

etc. It could be dominant, represented by capital letters, i.e., Y, R, etc., or it could be recessive, represented by lower case letters, i.e., y, r, etc.

GENETICS - It is the study of heredity. Key terms (continuation) :4) Hybrids – offsprings of crosses between

parents with different traits.5) Genes – chemical factors that determine

traits. 6) Alleles – different forms of a gene.7) Homozygous – organisms that has two

identical alleles for a particular trait. It is represented by using same case letters, i.e., as YY, rr, etc. (True breeding)

8) Heterozygous - organisms that has two different alleles for a particular trait. Represented as Yy, Rr, etc. (Hybrid)

9) Gametes – sex cells

GENETICS (cont.)MENDEL’S CONCLUSIONS:PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE – some

alleles are dominants and other are recessive.

PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION – alleles are separated when the gametes (sex cells) are produced.

Probability - Logging the Data Probability - Logging the Data

GENETICS (CONT.)Probability• The likelihood that a particular event will

occur is called probability (coin example).• The principles of probability can be used to

predict the outcome of genetic crosses.• Key terms – 1) Phenotype =

2) Genotype =Punnett Squares: A diagramm that helps

determine the results from a genetic cross.

QUESTIONS & SUMMARYQUESTIONS & SUMMARY

Using the High School Question Task Using the High School Question Task Cards write at least 5 questions about Cards write at least 5 questions about today’s notes.today’s notes.

Write your summary.Write your summary.

OutputOutput Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the

concepts of homozygous and heterozygous. concepts of homozygous and heterozygous. IT MUST IT MUST INCLUDE AT LEAST 5 ITEMS IN TOTAL.INCLUDE AT LEAST 5 ITEMS IN TOTAL.

Short answer: Short answer: Explain why although brothers and Explain why although brothers and sisters come from the same parents they don’t look sisters come from the same parents they don’t look exactly alike?exactly alike?

GIZMO – GIZMO – www.explorelearning.comwww.explorelearning.com

Mouse Genetics (One Trait) & Mouse Genetics (Two Mouse Genetics (One Trait) & Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)Traits)

LAB - Genetics 1 and 2 TraitsLAB - Genetics 1 and 2 Traits Traits: Eyes Traits: Eyes B = Brown eyesB = Brown eyes b = green eyes b = green eyes HeightHeight T = TallT = Tall t = shortt = short t* = t* =

dwarfdwarf Give one card with his / her traits to each student. Write your Give one card with his / her traits to each student. Write your

name on the corresponding period.name on the corresponding period. Students move around the class and “mate” with three partners, Students move around the class and “mate” with three partners,

record the number (1 thru 29), name and traits of each of your record the number (1 thru 29), name and traits of each of your partners (15 – 20 minutes).partners (15 – 20 minutes).

Report (on the Output – left part – of your notebook): Report (on the Output – left part – of your notebook): 1) For Partner #1: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes 1) For Partner #1: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes

the probability, in %, of eye color for your progeny. the probability, in %, of eye color for your progeny. 2) For Partner #2: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes 2) For Partner #2: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes

the probability, in fractions, of the height for your progeny. the probability, in fractions, of the height for your progeny. 3) For Partner # 3: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes, 3) For Partner # 3: Title and build a Punnett Square that describes,

in %, the phenotype and the genotype of the F1 generation. in %, the phenotype and the genotype of the F1 generation. WRITE THE NAME OF YOUR PARTNER FOR EACH WRITE THE NAME OF YOUR PARTNER FOR EACH

PUNNETT SQUARE PUNNETT SQUARE

Punnett Square ExamplesPunnett Square Examples1 Trait1 Trait 2 Traits2 Traits

REVIEW LESSONREVIEW LESSON

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/dihyhttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/dihybrid.htmbrid.htm

QUIZ - QUIZ - GIZMO – GIZMO – www.explorelearning.comwww.explorelearning.com

Mouse Genetics (One Trait) & Mouse Mouse Genetics (One Trait) & Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)Genetics (Two Traits)

Meiosis

• Power Point Presentation: http://www.biology.usu.edu/courses/biol1010-podgorski/Summer%2006/PowerPoints/Meiosis%2006.ppt#294,1,Slide1

Meiosis – Class Work (cont.) • As a class read & observe the figures on pages 275 –

278.

• Hands On: Study the stage of Meiosis that appears in your index card (provided by the teacher).

• Using the small boards, draw, label and title your stage of meiosis.

• In order stand and explain to the rest of the class the stage of meiosis that you draw in the small board.

• Take Cornell style notes as others explain their stages.

Meiosis – Class work Grading Key

• Reading – class participation points.• Team work, behavior & involvement (1 grade)• Small Board: Must Include: (1grade)

a) Titleb) Drawing – with at least 3 colorsc) All the labels related with the stage

(must be readable)d) Name of the team members.

• Presentation – Participation, explanations, answer questions, asks questions, behavior, posture, voice. (1 grade)

• Cornell Notes (1 grade)