HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 1

OhioHazmat & WMD Technician

Module 1 Unit 2

Field Survey Instruments

HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 2

Learning Objectives

At the end of this training each student will demonstrate knowledge and the ability to classify, identify, and verify known and unknown chemicals by using field survey instruments.

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Student Performance Objectives

• Know the 9 DOT Hazard Classes

• Know the 3 classes and 2 divisions of inherent safety tested instruments

• Know the 6 types of direct reading instruments and give examples of each type.

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Student Performance Objectives (cont.)

• Demonstrate their ability to operate at least 4 different direct reading instruments

• Must be able to successfully complete competency evaluations 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 016, 017, and/or 018

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DOT Hazard Classes

1 Explosives

2 Compressed gasses

3 Flammable liquids

4 Flam solids, spontaneous combustible, dangerous when wet

5 Oxidizers and organic peroxides

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DOT Hazard Classes (cont.)

6 Toxic, biological

7 Radiological

8 Corrosives

9 Misc. (ORM)

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Real Time Air Monitors

• Assessing health risks

• PPE

• Work zones

• Dispersion

• Mitigation actions

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Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments

• Portable and rugged

• Easy to operate

• Inherently safe

• Reliable and useful results

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Inherently Safe

• Class I, II and III

• Division 1 and 2

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Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments (cont.)

• Reliable and useful resultsResponse timeSensitivityAmplificationAccuracyPrecisionSelectivityCalibration and relative response

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Types of Direct reading instruments

• Corrosive gas

• Oxygen

• Flammability

• Toxic

• Radiological

• Specialized

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Corrosive Gas

• pH paper

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Oxygen

• Normal air–20.9% oxygen

• Oxygen levels less than 19.5%

• Oxygen levels above 23.5%

• Some instruments require sufficient oxygen for operation

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Schematic of Oxygen Sensor

(-) Meter Face

(+)

Electrolyte Solution (KCL or KOH)

Electrode

Membrane

O2 O2 O2 O2

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Limitations and Considerations

• Atmospheric pressure

• Temperature

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Combustible-Atmosphere Indicators

• Combustible Gas Indicators (CGI)

• Concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air

• Percentage of the LEL

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Flammable Range

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Principle of Operation

• Wheatstone Bridge

WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

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Limitations

• Temperature

• Lack of oxygen

• Lead vapors and silicon compounds

• Response factors

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Relative Response for a Combustible Gas

ChemicalConcentration (%

LEL)

Meter Response(% LEL)

Relative ResponseFactor

Methane 50 85 1.7

Acetylene 50 60 1.2

Pentane 50 50 1

1,4,-Dioxane 50 37 .74

Xylene 50 27 .54

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Toxic-Atmosphere Monitors

• Identify airborne concentrations

• Evaluate risk

• Determine the need and type of PPE

• Establish work zones

• PPM

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Radiological

• Survey meters

• Contamination

• Dose & Rate

• Max dose for:Life safety - 50,000mremProtecting critical property - 10,000mremEmergency worker - 5000mrem

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Specialized Monitoring Devices

• NFPA’s list of 181) Biological immunoassay indicators2) Chemical Agent Monitors3) Colorimetric indicators4) Combustible Gas Indicators5) DNA Fluoroscopy6) Electro chemical cells7) Flame Ionizing detector8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer9) Infrared Spectroscopy10) Ion mobility spectroscopy11) Mass channel analyzer12) Metal oxide sensor13) Photo ionization detector14) Polymerase chain reaction15) Radiation detection and measurement instruments16) Raman spectroscopy17) Surface acoustical wave18) Wet chemistry

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Colorimetric Tubes

• Glass tube with an indicating chemical

• Tube is connected to a pump

• Contaminant reacts with the indicator

• Chemical-specific

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Limitations and Considerations (cont.)

• Poor accuracy and precision• Affected by temperature• Store tubes at moderate temperatures• Humidity• Shelf life

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Limitations and Considerations (cont.)

• Interfering compounds

• Difficult to read

• Sampling times

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Photoionization Detector (PID)

• Detect concentrations of gases and vapors in PPM

• Fan or pump draws the air into the detector

• Contaminants are exposed to a high-frequency radiation light source

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Ionization PotentialChemical Ionization Potential (eV)

Hydrogen cyanideCarbon dioxideMethaneHydrogen chlorideWaterOxygenChlorinePropaneHydrogen sulfideHexaneAmmoniaVinyl chlorideAcetoneBenzenePhenolEthyl amine

13.913.813.012.512.612.111.511.110.510.210.110.0 9.7 9.2 8.5 8.0

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Specialized for WMD

• M8• M9• M256A1• ICAM• APD2000• SAW Mincad

• GC/MS• Biological detection

and ID

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Exercise Module 1 Unit 2Air Monitors

Time Allotted: 60 minutesEquipment needed: (2) 4 gas air monitors

P.I.D.pH paper Calibration gas

Supplies needed: AcetoneAcetic Acid (vinegar)Hydrochloric Acid (The Works toilet bowl cleaner)Ammonia (window cleaner)4 small containers with lids or coversCalibration Gas

Methodology: The instructor will give you a scenario that is based on the student performance objectives in this unit.

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Unit 2 Quiz

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Questions