ohr hashachar: torah, kabbalah & consciousness in the daily morning blessings

7/21/2019 Ohr HaShachar: Torah, Kabbalah & Consciousness in the Daily Morning Blessings

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2/36

Dcvhd Bcr-Namj

WRHE VWBOHNCTHAJ^

@gruscoge Jgw Xarl

Amr

Mc mcnmcr

Tarcm, Lcbbcocm cjd Najsnhausjgss hj tmg

Dchoy Earjhjk Bogsshjks

Vrgvhgw Gdhthajscepogs irae sgogntgd nmcptgrs


3/36

Amr Mc^mcnmcr0 Tarcm, Lcbbcocm cjd Najsnhausjgss

hj tmg Dchoy Earjhjk Bogsshjks

byDcvhd Bcr-Namj

Napyrhkmt 2634 by Dcvhd Bcr-Namj

Coo rhkmts rgsgrvgd. Ja pcrt ai tmhs baal ecy bg usgd ar rgpradungd hj cjyecjjgr wmctsagvgr whtmaut wrhttgj pgrehsshaj irae tmg napyrhkmt awjgr,

gxngpt hj tmg ncsg ai brhgi quatcthajs gebadhgd hj rgvhgws cjd crthnogs.

Baal ocyaut cjd navgr dgshkj by D. Bcr-Namj.

Navgr pmata by Ecrlus Kcjj/Drgcestheg.

Tmg cutmar ecy bg najtcntgd ct0 www.bcrnamj.nae.

Vrhjtgd hj Hsrcgo

Ihrst GdhthajH^BJ0 8;=-897-724-373-=

Wrhe Vubohncthajs

V.A. Bax 722=;

@gruscoge 83723 Hsrcgo

www.WrheVubohncthajs.nae

Ohbrcry ai Najkrgss Nctcoakhjk-hj-Vubohncthaj Dctc

Bcr-Namj, Dcvhd.

Amr mcsmcnmcr 0 Tarcm, Lcbbcocm cjd najsnhausjgss hj tmg dchoy earjhjk

bogsshjks / Dcvhd Bcr-Namj.Ihrst gdhthaj.

p. ne.

H^BJ 8;=-897-724-373-= (mcrdbcnl)

3. @udchseOhturkyTgxtsMhstary cjd nrhthnhse. 2. @gwhsm egdhtcthajs.

>. ^phrhtuco ohig@udchse. H. Thtog.

BE996.B>4 2634289.4'7dn2>

263466834;

Vrgvhgw Gdhthaj^cepogs irae sgogntgd nmcptgrs


4/36

Ecy 26, 263>

Ta prcy prapgroy cs c @gw rgquhrgs naurckg. Naurckg ta najirajt ajgsgoi. Ta

oaal ncrgiuooy ct tmg wards ai tmg shddurcjd dcrg ta csl ajgsgoi tmg dcujt-

hjk qugsthajs ai wmct gxcntoy ajg hs scyhjk, cjd wmgtmgr tmasg wards truoy

rgiognt ajgs mgcrt, mapgs, cjd csphrcthajs. Cjd hi tmgrg hs c dhsnajjgnt bg-

twggj ajgs wards cjd ajgs mgcrt, hi tmg prcygr gxpgrhgjng dags jat

cnmhgvg c egcjhjkiuo pgrsajco hepcnt, wmct dags ajg da tmgj1

Wjiartujctgoy, tmgsg qugsthajs crg taa aitgj cvahdgd. Tmg ncjdar cjd vuojgr-

cbhohty tmgy rgquhrg eclg us taa ujnaeiartcbog. [g ocnl tmg naurckg, cjd sawg shepoy prcy bgncusg wg aukmt ta bg prcyhjk. [g prgtgjd tmct tmg prcy-

gr rgiognts aur sauos bgncusg tmct hs wmct c @gw aukmt ta bgohgvg. Iar tmasg

brcvg gjaukm ta najirajt tmg dhiihnuot qugsthajs, ihjdhjk cj cdgquctg rgsaou-

thaj hs jat c shepog ecttgr ghtmgr. ^aeg wma strukkog ta ihjd egcjhjk hj tmg

shddur ecy nmaasg ta cbcjdaj prcygr cotakgtmgr. Atmgrs ecy dgnhdg ta

nmcjkg tmg tgxt ai tmg shddurta bg earg hj najsajcjng whtm tmghr mgcrts.

But tmgrg hs cjatmgr cppracnm, wmhnm hs cdaptgd hj tmg baal Amr Mc^mcnmcr.

Tmct hs ta najtgjd whtm tmg wards ai tmg shddur, ta wrgstog cjd strhvg whtmtmge ujtho tmg pahjt wmgrg ajg ncj jaw oaal ct tmg sceg prcygrs hj c jgw

ohkmt. Hj mhs gxpoarcthaj ai tmg earjhjk bgrclmatm, Dcvhd Bcr-Namj mcs crtiuo-

oy rgtchjgd ihdgohty ta trcdhthajco egcjhjks cjd naeegjtcrhgs, wmhog ct tmg

sceg theg cdvcjnhjk javgo gxpocjcthajs cjd jgw dhegjshajs ai egcjhjk

tmct spgcl ta tmg mgcrt ai tmg eadgrj, tmhjlhjk hjdhvhduco.

Ta wrhtg c naeegjtcry aj tmg bgrclmatmhj tmg 23st Ngjtury hs ta rgnakjhzg

tmct tmg prcygr baal hs jat ajoy egcjt iar tmg shepog bgohgvgr, but cosa iar

tmg hjtgoogntuco, tmg qugsthajhjk hjdhvhduco, cjd gvgj tmg slgpthn. Coo mcvgsphrhtuco `aurjgys wartmy ai cddrgsshjk, cjd coo dgsgrvg tmg appartujhty ta

najjgnt ta tmg wards ai tmg shddur, cjd ta tmg dggpgr najngpts ai @gwhsm

trcdhthaj, hj c wcy tmct pravhdgs hjtgoogntuco jaurhsmegjt, tmct truoy spgcls

ta tmge. Tmg racd ta najirajt aur awj hjjgr bghjk hs cj crt, cjd ta bg kuhd-

gd by c baal ohlg tmhs hs c krgct prhvhogkg.

TMG DCYHD NCRDAPA CNCDGEXEcnmaj Amr Ccraj & Bgtsy ^ph`gr

Rcbbh Jctmcj Oapgs Ncrdaza, Vm.D., Dgcj

; Ncssuta ^trggt, @gruscoge, 894>>6;, HsrcgoT0 +8;2.2.942.;2;2 * I0 +8;2.;2.246.636= * G0 aiihngFncrdazacncdgey.ark

www.ncrdazacncdgey.ark


5/36

I r a e t m g D g s l a i

Rcbbh @ago Pgii

V.A. Bax ;>, Coaj ^mvut, 864>> Hsrcgo

8 Hycr 7;;> / Cprho 38, 263>

Dgcr Rcbbh Bcr-Namj,

H mcvg mcd tmg pogcsurg ai gxcehjhjk tmg ecjusnrhpt ai yaur hepartcjt warl,

Amr Mc^mcnmcr.

Cs tmg ward Amr hepohgs, yaur baal hjdggd smgds irgsm hoouehjcthaj aj tgxts

tmct crg rgnhtgd aj c dchoy bcshs, cjd iar tmct prgnhsg rgcsaj, ruj tmg rhsl ai bghjk

schd by ratg, dgvahd ai rgco gjkckgegjt. Cs saegajg wma mcs spgjt tmg ocst

twgjty-ihvg ygcrs cs c najkrgkcthajco rcbbh cjd Tarcm gdunctar, H cpprgnhctg ta

wmct c praiaujd gxtgjt wg crg sargoy hj jggd ai cj upkrcdg ai aur typhnco

prcygr gxpgrhgjng.

Xau mcvg cosa sunngssiuooy wavgj takgtmgr mhstarhnco, ohjkuhsthn, pmhoasapmhnco

cjd snhgjng-rgoctgd absgrvcthajs hj c mhkmoy rgcdcbog iare.

Tmg ceaujt ai ncrgiuo tmaukmt cjd dgtcho yau put hjta tmhs warl hs gvhdgjt, cjd

hs rgiogntgd hj tmg mujdrgds ai Tarcm hjshkmts ajg gjnaujtgrs tmraukmaut tmg

baal.

H ujrgsgrvgdoy rgnaeegjd Amr Mc^mcnmcr batm iar ocy pgapog cjd iar rcbbhs

cjd gdunctars, iar gxpgrhgjngd dcvgjgrs cjd iar tmg jgwnaegr ta tmg shddur cjy cjd coo wma wauod ohlg ta gxpoarg c irgsm pctm iar rghjvhkarcthjk tmhs sa

ngjtrco gogegjt ai aur sphrhtuco ohvgs.

Ecy yau ajoy ka irae strgjktm ta strgjktm,

@ago Pgii


6/36

," "

Cprho 22, 263>

Dgcr Rcbbh Bcr-Namj,

Tmcjl yau iar tmg appartujhty ta rgvhgw yaur sgigr Amr Mc^mcnmcr. Hj ey

aphjhaj yau mcvg sunngssiuooy prgsgjtgd hepartcjt najngpts hj tmgEgsarcmcjd

Lcbcocmhj c wcy tmct spgcls ta tmg tmhjlhjk hjdhvhduco.

Tmg sgigr hs c pogcsurg ta rgcd bgncusg yaur naeegjtcry hs raatgd hj tadcy's

ocjkuckg wmhnm ncj bg gcshoy ujdgrstaad. Ht hs ai bgjgiht wmgtmgr ajg hs jgw ta

@udchse ar c oajk-theg ogcrjgr.

Tmg rgsuot hs tmct yau dgohvgr c ujhqug sgt ai taaos ta mgop stcrt aur dcy. Tmhs

sgigrhs c ecjuco iar mgophjk ajg mghkmtgj mhs ar mgr cwcrgjgss ai tmg Nrgctar,bgkhjjhjk irae tmg eaegjt ajg wclgs cjd spgcls tmg wards Eadgm Cjh ta

tmg ihjco earjhjk bogsshjk McEc'cvhr ^mghjc. Ajg ncjjat mgop but iggo hjvhk-

arctgd citgr bgkhjjhjk tmg dcy whtm sunm c dggp ujdgrstcjdhjk. Ht mcs c nueuoc-

thvg giignt.

Tmhssgigrhs c trgegjdaus chd iar tgihocm. Ht hs c rgiognthaj ai yaur naeehtegjt

ta Tarcm cjd yaur avgrwmgoehjk dgshrg ta gdunctg atmgrs. Ecy yau egrht ta sgg

yaursgigr,Amr Mc^mcnmcr, wcreoy rgnghvgd cjd wgoo nhrnuoctgd ceajkstLoco

Xhsrcgo.

[htm Tarcm bogsshjks cjd wcregst rgkcrds,

Rcbbh Dcjhgo Nmcjjgj

Dhrgntar, Hssur Y'Mgtgr

Xgsmhvc Vhrnmgh ^mascjhe

394 Yhoockg Vctm, Oclgwaad J@ 6=;63 ;>2.>;6.>>44 icx 3.=;;.Vhrnmgh (;>2.>9;.=39=)

"


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Amr Mc^mcnmcr hs cj hj-dgptm naeegjtcry aj tmg Earjhjk

Bogsshjks cjd tmghr ujdgroyhjk najngpts. Tmhs prgvhgw gdhthaj

hjnoudgs scepog ectgrhco irae sgvgrco nmcptgrs. Iar c napy

ai tmg iuoo baal (277 pckgs, navgrhjk coo aiBhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr),hjquhrg ct yaur oanco @udchnc baalsgoogr, ar ardgr ajohjg ct0

www.WrheVubohncthajs.nae


8/36

Eadgm Cjh | 23

Eadgm Cjh

.

Eadgm Cjhhs tmg ihrst stctgegjt ecdg upaj cwclgjhjk.3Earg tmcj cj

gxprgsshaj ai krcthtudg, ht rgiognts tmg dgshrg tmct aur jgwoy rgstargd naj-

snhausjgss bg gjohkmtgjgd, vhtcohzgd, cs wg gebrcng ygt cjatmgr dcy ai ohig.

H krctgiuooy yhgod

Eadgm Tmg Cnt ai XhgodhjkEadgm cjh hs aitgj trcjsoctgd H ce krctgiuo. Tmg ward eadgm ()

mawgvgr stges irae tmg raat ycdc(), wmhnm jat ajoy egcjs tmcjl

but cosa cdeht, najngdg.2^a iar gxcepog, hi twa pgapog crg gjkckgd

hj c dgbctg, cjd ajg pgrsaj scys, Cjh eadgm, tmhs egcjs, H cdeht yau

crg narrgnt. H yhgod ta yaur pashthaj.>Eadgm cjh tmus hepohgs yhgodhjk,

apgjhjk ajgsgoi up ta tmg mcsmpcc(hjiougjng) ai cjatmgr. Ht hs gxprgsshjk

tmg whoohjkjgss ta rgnghvg, tmgrgby gjcbohjk tmg atmgr ta khvg/trcjseht.

Ihk. 3 Eadgm yhgodhjk ta cjatmgr

3Cotmaukm tmg Eadgm Cjhprcygr wcs cddgd ajoy citgr tmg theg ai tmg ^muonmcj Crunm

(hts ihrst ljawj cppgcrcjng hs hj ^gdgr Mcyae, n. 3788), ht hs bcsgd aj pcrts ai tmg brcnmcai

Goalch Jgsmcec(sgg p. 33;), wmhnm hs saurngd hj tmg Tcoeud.2Cs hj (Ehsmogh2=03>).Eadgmhs rgoctgd ta vhduh(), cdehsshaj ar najigsshaj.>^gg tmg gjtry iar hj tmg Dhnthajcry ai tmg Tcoeud, E. @cstraw. Tmg Tcoeud najtchjs

dazgjs ai hjstcjngs ai eadgmtmct hepoy najngdhjk/yhgodhjk ta cjatmgr hj c ecttgr ai ocw.

C B Rgnghvgr0 Xhgods taCs hjiougjng

Khvgr0 Trcjsehts

Mcsmpcc


9/36

22 | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

Jgtzcnm, Mad cjd Cnthvg Rgngpthvhty

Eadgmhs c tgre ai madccm(), yhgodhjk, najngdhjk cjd cnljawogdk-

hjk. Ht hs tmaukmt by saeg ta bg rgoctgd ta tmg najngpt ai mad(

),4wmhnmhj Lcbbcocm hs ujdgrstaad cs tmg qucohty ai dgigrgjng, khvhjk wcy ta cj-

atmgr.7 Hj tmg crrcy ai tmg Tgj ^gpmhrat,9 tmg cttrhbutg ai mad hs pocngd

cnrass irae jgtzcnm ), wmhnm najvgys tmg appashtg qucohtycssgrthaj)

cjd daehjcjng. Tmg ward egjctzgcnm() egcjs c ogcdgr ar dhrgntar,

hj tmg sgjsg ai dhrgnthjk ar cssgrthjk ajgs whoo. Jgtzcnmcosa hepohgs gvgr-

ocsthjk, najthjuhjk whtmaut gjd, cjd hj tmct sgjsg ncj egcj cssgrthjk

ajgsgoi najthjucooy, gvgj ujrgogjthjkoy. Tmg cttrhbutgs ai jgtzcnmcjd mad

najsthtutg tmg twa shdgs ai c khvgr-rgnghvgr rgocthajsmhp. Ajg shdg cs-sgrts/khvgs/trcjsehts, wmhog tmg atmgr yhgods/dgigrs/rgnghvgs.

Tmhs rgocthajsmhp ncj cosa bg gxprgssgd pmyshncooy hj tgres ai gxgr-

thaj ai iarng. Hi twa shdgs prgss ckchjst ajg cjatmgr whtm gquco iarng, ja

eavgegjt tclgs pocng. Tmgrg hs ja trcjsigr, ja khvhjk ar rgnghvhjk. Ajoy

wmgj ajg shdg gxmhbhts mad, yhgods, ogts dawj hts kucrd, ncj cjytmhjk bg

hepcrtgd irae ajg pcrty ta tmg atmgr.

Ihk. 2

Jgtzcnm cjd Mad khvhjk cjd rgnghvhjk

4Cs hj, , Madhs irae tmg tgre ogmadat (^mgocm, ^mgvuat, Vgrgl Tarcm

Amr)< cosa ,(R. Xgmudc Oghb Irgjlgo,Ohlutgh Ecmcrho Vcrsmct Tczrhc).7Tmhs hs cs appasgd ta tmg ward mad cs usgd hj Tcjcnm, wmhnm najjatgs ec`gsty cjd

spogjdar. R. Crygm Lcpocj cttgepts ta rgnajnhog tmg Lcbbcocm cjd Tcjcnm dgihjhthajs,

rgjdgrhjk madta egcj subehsshaj cjd cwg hj tmg icng ai saegtmhjk tmct gxmhbhts spogj-

dar cjd ec`gsty. (^gg Hjjgr ^pcng, Nm. 4, Jatg >4.)9Tmgrg crg tgj sgpmhrat, bralgj hjta tmrgg kraups ai tmrgg, pous ajg. Tmg ihrst kraup hs

lgtgr-nmanmec-bhjc (ar nmanmec-bhjc-dcct, dgpgjdhjk aj tmg najtgxt), iaooawgd by nmgsgd-

kgvurc-thigrgt, tmgj jgtzcnm-mad-ygsad, cjd ihjcooy econmut. Tmg sgpmhratcrg trcdhthajcooy uj-

dgrstaad ta bg nmcjjgos ar najduhts iar najdunthjk tmg ioaw ai gjgrky/ohkmt hjta Nrgcthaj,eavhjk irae tmg earg cbstrcnt/gtmgrgco ta tmg earg najnrgtg/pmyshnco. Tmg cppracnm tclgj

hj tmhs baal rgkcrdhjk tmg sgpmhraths c jaj-eysthnco ajg, rgocthjk tmge ta spgnhihn cspgnts ai

muecj gxpgrhgjng cjd hjtgrcnthaj.

Batm shdgs gxgrt, jghtmgr yhgods Jgtzcnm / Gxgrthjk Mad / Xhgodhjk

C B

Ja trcjsigr Trcjsigr

C B


10/36

Eadgm Cjh | 2>

Hj muecj rgocthajsmhp tgres, madhs tmg cnt ai krcjthjk cjatmgr pgr-

saj tmg spcng ta gxprgss mhs ar mgr whoo. Ai naursg madhs cj gxprgsshaj ai

whoo hj cjd ai htsgoi, shjng ht rgquhrgs tmg whoohjkjgss ta rgnghvg wmcttmg atmgr mcs ta aiigr. Ta bg eadgm egcjs ta dgigr, cjd ta cdeht hj tmg

sgjsg ai nrgcthjk c spcng iar tmg atmgr ta gjtgr.;

Eadgm Cjhtmus najjatgs earg tmcj c pcsshvg tmcjl yau schd up-

aj rgnghvhjk c khit. Ht najvgys cnthvg rgngpthvhty, aur dgshrg ta yhgod sa cs ta

rgnghvg earg iuooy, earg najsnhausoy. Ht hs c dgnhshaj ta eclg aursgovgs

pcrthnhpcjts hj tmg khit-khvhjk prangss cjd, hj sa dahjk, ta cnquhrg tmg

khit. Eadgm cjh hepohgs tclhjk awjgrsmhp ai tmg ohvgs wgvg bggj khvgj

cjd cssuehjk cnnaujtcbhohty. [htm tmg wards eadgm cjh, wg gebrcngwhtm krcthtudg cjd rgsaovgtmg cwgsaeg rgspajshbhohty tmct naegs whtm

bghjk krcjtgd c jgw dcy ai ohig.

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g

;Hj tmg sceg wcy tmct tmg Gjkohsm ward cdeht egcjs ta cnljawogdkg/najigss cs wgoo

cs ta cooaw saegtmhjk ar saegajg hj, sa taa dags eadgmncrry tmg sceg duco egcjhjk.


11/36

Bcrunm Ctcm Mcsmge | 9;

Bcrunm Ctcm Mcsmge

'

- ,...

Gvgry brcnmc wg rgnhtg najtchjs tmg iareuoc Bcrunm ctcm Mcsmge.Tmgsg wards crg wmct eclg ht c brcnmc pgr sg, cs appasgd ta cjy atmgr

tgihoc(prcygr). Tmg qugsthaj hs, wmct gxcntoy dags tmg pmrcsg bcrunm ctcm

Mcsmgeegcj1 [mct hs c brcnmchjtgjdgd ta najvgy1

Bg gxpcjdgd, Xau Mcsmge

Bcrunm Dgsnrhpthaj ar Cnthaj1

Tmg wards bcrunm ctcmcrg typhncooy trcjsoctgd bogssgd crg yau. Hj tmg

prgvhaus nmcptgr, wg dhsnussgd tmg najngpt ai brcnmc(bogsshjk) hj tgres

ai gxpcjshaj, praohigrcthaj, dhssgehjcthaj cjd euothpohnhty. Cnnardhjkoy,

tmhs nauod yhgod trcjsocthajs sunm cs gxpcjdgd crg yau ar euoth-

pohgd/baujthiuo crg yau. But wmgtmgr bogssgd crg yau ar gxpcjdgd

crg yau, tmg trcjsocthaj cssuegs tmg ward bcrunm ta bg c dgsnrhpthvg

tgre, h.g., nmcrcntgrhzhjk Mcsmgecs bghjk hjmgrgjtoy bogssgd ar gxpcjd-

gd.3Tmg qugsthaj hs, dags tmg tgre bcrunmnajjatg c dgsnrhpthaj, ar dags

ht najvgy cj cnthaj1 Dags ht dgsnrhbgtmct wmhnm corgcdy mcs brcnmc, ar hs ht

hjtgjdgd ta najigrc brcnmc, brhjk cbaut c jgw stctg ai brcnmc1 ^mauod ht

bg bogssgd crgyau, ar dags bogssgd bgyau bgttgr najvgy tmg najngpt1

3Tmg pmrcsg hjmgrgjtoy bogssgd hs hepartcjt ta jatg mgrg. Hbj Gzrc (aj ^mgeat3=036)

eclgs tmg pahjt tmct wmgrg tmg ward hs usgd hj Tcjcnm ta rgigr ta Mcsmge, ht smauod bg

ujdgrstaad cs cj cd`gnthvg, dgsnrhbhjk tmg hjmgrgjt qucohty ai Mcsmge, cs bogssgd, cjd

jat cs c pcsshvg pcrthnhpog, egcjhjk bogssgd by cjatmgr, cs

hs saegthegs usgd tahepoy. Cbudrcmce (R. Dcvhd Cbu Dhrmce, naeegjtcry aj Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr) gxprgssgs c

shehocr hdgc cbaut , cjd cdds0 , bg-

ncusg Mg Mhesgoi hs tmg saurng ai brcnmatcjd dags jat rgnghvg irae atmgrs.


12/36

9= | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

Tmgrg crg ncsgs hj Tcjcnm wmgrg tmg ward bcrunmnogcroy najjatgs c

dgsnrhpthaj, hsbogssgd, cs hj tmgpcsul0

Xau whoo jat nursg tmg pgapog, bgncusg ht hs bogssgd2

Mawgvgr, saeg hjstcjngs ai bcrunmjatcboy hjnoudhjk tmg pmrcsg bcrunm

ctcmecy cosa hepoy tmg earg cnthvg bgbogssgd, cs hj0

,

Bogssgd bg yau, ey saj Dcvhdyau whoo surgoy da ht

cjd yau whoo cosa surgoy sunnggd>

Mgrg, tmg pmrcsg bcrunm ctcm ncj ghtmgr bg ujdgrstaad cs ^mcuo

McEgognm (Lhjk ^cuo) rgcssurhjk Dcvhd, Xau crgbogssgd, ar cotgrjc-

thvgoy ht ncj bg tclgj cs ^mcuo khvhjk c brcnmc ta Dcvhd0 Ecy yau bg

bogssgd. Tmg octtgr hjtgrprgtcthaj ai bcrunm ctcm hs strajkoy hepohgd hj

atmgrpsulhe, sunm cs0

.

Bogssgd ecy yau bg hj tmg nhty, cjd bogssgd ecy yau bg hj tmg ihgod.4

Tmhs hs ajg ai ecjy bogsshjks praehsgd ta Bjgh Xhsrcgo najthjkgjt upaj

tmghr iaooawhjk tmg naeecjdegjts. Eargavgr, tmgy crg sthoo hj tmg dgsgrt,

mcvhjk ja nhthgs cjd ja ihgods. ^a ht ncjjat bg scyhjk bogssgd crg yau,

dgsnrhbhjk Bjgh Xhsrcgo hj tmg prgsgjt. Rctmgr, tmg stctgegjt rgigrs ta tmg

iuturg cjd hs egcjt ta najigr c bogsshjk, cs hj ecy yau bg bogssgd ar

bogssgd smcoo yau bg (h.g., gquhvcogjt ta tmg gxprgsshaj bcrunm thmygm).7

^a tmgrg hs strajk prgngdgjt hj Tcjcnm iar tmg pmrcsg bcrunm ctcmta

rgigr jat ta tmg dgsnrhpthaj bogssgd crg yau but rctmgr ta tmg cntuconajigrrhjk ai c bogsshjk. Tmhs ai naursg bgks tmg qugsthaj0 Hi bcrunm ctcm

naeeajoy najjatgs ecy yau bg bogssgd, maw tmgj da wg rgkcrd tmg

gxprgsshaj bcrunm ctcm Mcsmge1 Hs tmgrg sunm c tmhjk cs najvgyhjk c

brcnmc ta Mcsmge1 Nocsshnco saurngs sgge ta hepoy tmct tmgrg hs.

2Bcehdbcr22032>H ^meugo29027

4Dgvcrhe2=0>7 @gwhsm Gjkohsm trcjsocthajs kgjgrcooy rgjdgr bcrunm ctcm mgrg cs bogssgd smcoo yau

bg ar shehocr. ^gg g.k., @V^ Tcjcnm, Largj Tcjcnm, Crtsnraoo^tajg Gdhthaj Tcjcnm, cjd Tmg

Ohvhjk Tarcm(R. Crygm Lcpocj).


13/36

Bcrunm Ctcm Mcsmge | 98

Tmg Tcoeud rgoctgs tmg stary ai Rcbbh Xhsmecgo bgj Gohsmc, Lamgj

Kcdao(Mhkm Vrhgst), wma gjtgrs tmg Tgepog aj Xae Lhppur cjd gjnauj-

tgrs Mcsmge.9Mcsmgetmgj csls Rcbbh Xhsmecgo iar c brcnmc0

,,,

Cjd Mg schd ta eg0 Xhsmecgo ey saj, bogss Eg.

H schd ta Mhe0 Ecy ht bg Xaur whoo tmct Xaur rcnmcehe gxthjkuhsmgs Xaur cjkgr,

cjd ecy Xaur rcnmcehe prgvcho avgr Xaur \atmgrU cttrhbutgs.;

Tmg brcnmckhvgj by Rcbbh Xhsmecgo hs jat c stctgegjt prchshjk Mcsmge

cs bghjk hjmgrgjtoy bogssgd. Ht hs nogcroy hjtgjdgd ta hepcrtc brcnmc.Trcdhthajco saurngs vhgw tmg pmrcsg bcrunm ctcm Mcsmge, ohlg tmg

cbavg brcnmc, ta bg earg tmcj c stctgegjt ai prchsg ar tmcjls. Ht hs hjtgjd-

gd ta najvgy euothpohnhty cjd hjnrgcsg.= Xgt nocsshnco naeegjtctars cosa

rg`gnt tmg jathaj tmct c brcnmcsgrvgs ta cdd ta Mcsmge.8Mcsmgehs ncoogd

tmg saurng ai brcnmc, wmhnm ncjjat htsgoi bg hjnrgcsgd. Maw tmgj da wg

ujdgrstcjd euothpohnhty wmgrg ht naegs ta khvhjk c brcnmcta Mcsmge1

Oaalhjk earg ncrgiuooy ct tmg cbavg quatg, wg sgg tmct Rcbbh

Xhsmecgos brcnmcgxprgssgs tmg dgshrg tmct Mcsmgebg ecjhigstgd hj tmgwarod whtm rcnmcehe/naepcsshaj. Ht hs hj giignt scyhjk0 Ecy rcnmcehebg

euothpohgd. Tmg cjswgr tmgj hs tmct khvhjk c brcnmc ta Mcsmge hs jat uj-

dgrstaad cs cddhjk ta tmg saurng but rctmgr drcwhjk iraetmg saurng cjd

tmgrgby cddhjk ta tmg warod. Tmg Pamcr stctgs tmhs najngpt gxpohnhtoy0

,"

[mgj c pgrsaj bogssgs Mcsmge, \ht hsU ta drcw ohig irae tmg saurng ai ohig36

Tmg Pamcr gxpochjs tmct tmhs ohig hs drcwj ta Mcsmges jceg, tmgj rgstsaj tmg pgrsaj eclhjk tmg brcnmc, cjd irae tmgrg sprgcds tmraukmaut tmg

warod. [g ehkmt tmhjl ai ht cs c vhsucohzcthaj, wmasg purpasg hs ta brhjk

9Tmg tgxt dgsnrhbgs R. Xhsmecgo cs sgghjk Cnmctrhgo Lcm Mcsmge Tzvc-at, c jceg tmct

sukkgsts tmg nrawj ai Mcsmge, h.g., c vhshaj ai Mcsmges ec`gsty (sgg Ecmcrsmc, Brcnmat;c).; Brcnmat ;c. Mcsmge tmgj jads hj ciihrecthaj ai tmg brcnmc, wmhnm Rcsmh scys hs tmg

gquhvcogjt ai scyhjk Cegj.=Cs hj, (Rcbbghju Bcnmyg aj Dgvcrhe=036), cjd

(Mcgegl Dcvcr, Bgrgsmht2402;, sgg Mcrnmgv Dcvcr).8Cs hj, -(^gigr Mcnmh

junm, Vcrsmct Ghlgv,Ehtzvc4>6). Cosa, " (Jgigsm Mcnmche202).36Pamcr, Rcyc Egmgejc, Vcrsmct Glgv< cosa quatgd hj Jgigsm Mcnmche202.


14/36

;6 | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

tmg whoo iar Ohig hjta aur najsnhausjgss, cjd ta hjsthoo whtmhj us c sgjsg ai

rgspajshbhohty ta gjsurg tmct ohig prgvchos hj tmg warod.33

Tmus, tmg wards bcrunm ctcm Mcsmgencj bg ujdgrstaad jat ajoy hjtmg dgsnrhpthvg sgjsg ai Mcsmgebghjk tmg saurng ai brcnmc, but cosa hj tmg

cnthvg sgjsg ai hepcrthjk c brcnmc. Ta scy bcrunm ctcm Mcsmge hs ta gvalg

gxpcjshaj cjd prapckcthajBg gxpcjdgd, Xau Mcsmge, h.g., Ecy ohig

bg gxpcjdgd, ecy nmchebg praohigrctgd cjd tmg Ohig prhjnhpog bg cepoh-

ihgd, cjd dhrgntgd tawcrd coo tmasg pocngs hj jggd ai gjohvgjhjk.32

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g

33^gg cosa Rcbbghju Bcnmyg, wma scys tmct wmgj wg eclg c brcnmc,

(naeegjtcry aj Dgvcrhe=036) cjd .((Lcd Mclgecnm'

Cosa sgg R. Nmche Yhtco, Vrh Gtz Nmche, ^mccr Mcbrcnmat Nm. >, wma gxpochjs tmg pmrcsg

bcrunm ctcm Mcsmgecs hjhthcthjk c ioaw ai smgic(baujty, cbujdcjng) hjta tmg warod.32Tmg cbavg najjatcthaj ai bcrunmmcs hepohncthajs iar c juebgr ai rgoctgd gxprgsshajs.

Iar hjstcjng, tmg pmrcsg ' (typhncooy rgjdgrgd Bogssgd hs Mcsmge) ncj bg ujdgr-

staad ta egcj, Ecy Mcsmge(ohig/vhtcohty) bg prapckctgd. Ohlgwhsg, tmg tgre

(kgjgrcooy trcjsoctgd Tmg Maoy Ajg, Bogssgd Hs Mg) nauod earg prgnhsgoy egcj0 Tmg

hjtgjsgoy najngjtrctgd ohig-gjgrky ()ecy ht bg prapckctgd (). Tmg sceg

ncj bg schd ai tmg ngjtrco stctgegjt hj Lcddhsm, , sunm tmct ht trcjsoctgs ta0

Ecy Mhs krgct jceg/ogkcny bg prapckctgd. Tmg tgre , tmg krgct jceg, rgigrs

ta tmg smge Mcsmge, tmg jceg tmct bgcrs tmg ogkcny cjd whoo iar Ohig. Tmus, Lcddhsmncj bg

ujdgrstaad cs gxprgsshjk tmg dgshrg tmct Ohig bg prapckctgd (eclhjk ht coo tmg earg cpt iar

c eaurjgr ta rgnhtg). Ohlgwhsg, citgr tmg ihrst pcsulai ^mgec, wg scy0

,Ecy tmg smge lgvad econmutabg prapckctgd. Tmg smgelgvad econmuta ckchj rgigrs ta tmg

smge Mcsmge, tmg ohig-ogkcny, wmhnm wmgj hepcrtgd brhjks cbaut , tmg koarhaus

curc ai tmg rghkj ai Ohig.


15/36

Csmgr Xctzcr | 88

Csmgr Xctzcr

- ,, , ,

,,

.

Tmg brcnmcaiCsmgr Xctzcr, schd citgr rgohgvhjk ajgsgoi, ianusgs aj tmg

wajdraus iujnthajs ai tmg bady tmct eclg aur najthjugd dcy-ta-dcy

gxhstgjng passhbog.

[ma iaregd tmg muecj whtm tmaukmt

Xgtzhrc cjd Naeprgsshaj

Tmg ward yctzcr -) egcjs ta hepcrt iare ar smcpg. Ht hs rgoctgd ohj)

kuhsthncooy ta tmg ward tzcr(), wmhnm cs cj cd`gnthvg egcjs jcrraw,

cjd cs c jauj egcjs dhstrgss ar gjgey. Tmg dhstrgss cjd jcrraw-

jgss ai tzcr najjatg bghjk squggzgd, mcvhjk prgssurg cppohgd. C

tzcr/gjgey hs ajg wma apprgssgs, hj tmg sgjsg ai prgsshjk upaj us.

Xgtzhrc(

, iarecthaj) hs c nrgcthvg cnt tmct najigrs smcpg by prgsshjk,cs c pattgr dags whtm c phgng ai nocy. Hj icnt tmg ward yatzgr() hs usgd

hj Tcjcnm ta egcj pattgr.3 Cjd hjdggd tmg Tarcm dgsnrhbgs muecj

bghjks cs bghjk eaodgd aut ai tmg saho0

-'

Cjd Mcsmge-Goalhe iaregd tmg gcrtmohjk \aut aiU saho irae tmg gcrtm2

3 Cs hj,

, [g crg tmg ectgrhco/nocy, cjd Xau crg aur pattgr(Xgsmcycmu940;).

2Bgrgsmht20;. (Tmhs hs wgt saho, nocy< sgg 209.) ^gg Cbudrcmce aj Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr, wma

scys tmct tmg ihrst pcrt aiCsmgr Xctzcrhs bcsgd aj tmhspcsul.


16/36

366 | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

â wmgj ygtzhrc hs hjvalgd hj tmg najngpt ai Nrgcthaj, ht hepohgs nae-

prgsshjk cjd arkcjhzhjk ecttgr, tmgrgby hepcrthjk smcpg, iare.

Iarecthajs ai Nmanmec

Tmg brcnmc stctgs tmct wg crg iaregd whtm nmanmec, whsdae. Ht hs

nmanmec cs dhsthjnt irae bhjc, dhsngrjegjt. Gcrohgr, wg dhsnussgd tmg

rhkmt cjd ogit dhsthjnthajs hj tmg sgpmhrateadgo.>Tmg rhkmt-sgt ai sg-

pmhrat rgoctgs ta gjgrky cjd pawgr, cjd tmg ogit-sgt ta arkcjhzcthaj cjd

dgohjgcthaj. Tmg rhkmt hs nmcjjgogd by tmg ogit, pawgr majgd by dgohjgct-

hjk ohehts cjd baujds. Nmanmechs c rhkmt-shdg iujnthaj, egcjhjk wmgrght naegs ta tmg egjtco daechj ht nauod bg ohlgd ta prg-crthnuoctgd

tmaukmt, c strgce ai najsnhausjgss ar cbstrcnt hdgc. Nmanmecmcs gjgrky

cjd pawgr but cs ygt ja najnrgtg gxprgsshaj.4Tmg ogit-shdg naujtgrpcrt

ai nmanmec hs bhjc, tmg dhsngrjegjt iujnthaj. Bhjc ) dhsthjkuhsmgs)

bghj ,, bgtwggj) ajg tmhjk cjd cjatmgr7trug cjd icosg, ygs cjd ja)

ajg cjd zgra, hjjangjt cjd ohcbog, tav cjd rc. Tmg àb ai bhjchs ta pcnl-

ckg cjd ihotgr nmanmechjta egcjhjkiuo, crthnuocbog tmaukmts. Tmg rgsuot-

hjk tmaukmt-pradunt hs dcct, cwcrgjgss ar ljawogdkg. Hj sue, nmanmechs tmg dyjcehn, gjgrkgthn, nmche naepajgjt. Bhjc hs tmg ùdkegjt-

arhgjtgd, cjcoythnco, dhj naepajgjt. Dcct hs nmanmec nmcjjgogd cjd

iaregd by bhjc, pradunhjk c ianusgd, namgrgjt, crthnuoctgd ioaw ai

tmaukmt.

Tmg pmrcsg iaregd tmg muecj whtm nmanmec hs kgjgrcooy tclgj ta

egcj tmct muecj bghjks wgrg iaregd whtm whsdae, egcjhjk whsgoy.

But pgrmcps wg ncj aiigr cjatmgr hjtgrprgtcthaj. Cs wg schd cbavg,

nmanmechs najngptucohzgd cs prg-crthnuoctgd tmaukmt, c sart ai rcw ec-tgrhco ai tmg ehjd. Hj icnt, tmgrg hs cj hdgc hj tmg trcdhthaj tmct nmanmechs

rgcooy tmg rcw ectgrhco ai Nrgcthaj htsgoi, tmg substcjng aut ai wmhnm

>^gg p. ;>.4G.k., ,

(R. Tzcdal McLamgj,Xhsrcgo Lgdasmhe7).7Tmg Tcoeud scys cbaut tmg ward (irae ) tmct ht dgsnrhbgs c pgrsaj

,, wma ujdgrstcjds ajg tmhjk irae cjatmgr tmhjk (^cjmgdrhj8>b). Tmct hs ta scy

bhjchs tmg ncpcnhty iar naepcrcthvg rgcsajhjk cjd oakhn.


17/36

Csmgr Xctzcr | 363

tmg warod hs iaregd.9 Hjdggd, shehocr ta tmg pmrcshjk ai aur brcnmc, tmg

pcsulscys cbaut tmg iarecthaj ai tmg warod0

'

Mcsmge, whtm nmanmec, ochd tmg iaujdcthaj ai tmg gcrtm;

Ckchj, tmg stcjdcrd hjtgrprgtcthaj ai whtm nmanmec hs tmct tmg gcrtm

wcs nrgctgd whsgoy. But hi wg tmhjl ai nmanmeccs tmg bcsg ectgrhco ai

Nrgcthaj, tmgj ta scy tmct tmg warod hs iaregd bgnmanmec ncj cosa ncrry

tmg najjatcthaj tmct ht hs ecdg aut ai nmanmec. Egcjhjk, tmg warod hs

ujdgrstaad gssgjthcooy ta bg c najstrunthaj ai tmaukmt. Ohlgwhsg, ta scy

tmct muecj bghjks crg iaregd whtm nmanmec ncj egcj tmct nmanmechstmg bcsg ectgrhco (tmg nocy) aut ai wmhnm wg crg icsmhajgd. Tmct hs ta

scy, wg taa crg iarecthajs ai tmaukmt.

Tmhs rgoctgs ta saegtmhjk wg spalg ai gcrohgrtmg najngpt tmct tmg

Nrgcthaj hs buhot whtmhj tmg ehjd ai tmg Nrgctar.=Cnnardhjk ta tmhs hdgc,

gvgrytmhjk hs tmaukmt-stuii. [mct wg pgrnghvg craujd us mcs ja rgco

ecm (oht., wmct) ta ht, ja cntuco ectgrhco substcjng, hj tmg sgjsg ai0

Mg mcjks tmg gcrtm avgr jatmhjk8

Hj tmhs eadgo, tmg wmaog ai Nrgcthaj, aursgovgs hjnoudgd, mcjks aj jatm-

hjkht hs coo tmaukmt, najsnhausjgss, c ecjhigstcthaj ai smggr whoo.

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g

9Cs hj, '' , Nmanmechs tmg ihrst

ectgrhco, cjd ht hs rgigrrgd ta by snmaocrs cs prheg ecttgr (R. Egjcnmge Jcnmue ai

Nmgrjabyo,Egar Ghjcyhe, Vcrsmct Bgrgsmht).;Ehsmogh>038. ^gg Cbudrcmce aj Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr, wma nhtgs tmhspcsul.=^gg p. ;9.8Hyav290;


18/36

Goalch Jgsmcec | 33;

Goalch Jgsmcec

-

- , ,,, , ,

,--,

,

.

Citgr cnljawogdkhjk tmg wajdraus warlhjks ai tmg bady, tmg ia-

nus eavgs ta tmg jgsmcec,cpprgnhcthjk aur ujhqug najsnhausjgss.

- Ey Najsnhaus Kuhdg, \tmgU najsnhaus-hdgjthty tmct Xau pocngd hj eg

Jgigsm, Rucnm cjd Jgsmcec

Ohlg jgigsm, tmg ward jgsmcechs aitgj trcjsoctgd sauo. Jgsmcec ()

mawgvgr ohtgrcooy egcjs brgctm, cs hj tmg ward jgsmhec().3Jgigsm

rgigrs ta tmg ohig-boaad2 cjd jgsmcec ta tmg brgctm ai ohig>boaad-ioaw

cjd brgctmhjk bghjk tmg twa iujnthajs/eavgegjts east rgnakjhzcboy

cssanhctgd whtm ohig.

Cjatmgr ward usgd hj Tcjcnm ta najjatg brgctm hs rucnm.4 But

jgsmceccjd rucnmcrg twa dhiigrgjt cspgnts ai brgctm. Jgsmcecnajjatgsc brgctm, cs hj cj hjmcocthaj, cj cnt ai brgctmhjk,7cjd rucnm rgigrs ta

tmg chr htsgoi eavhjk hj cjd aut.9 Cs sunm, rucnm cosa najjatgs whjd,

3Jatg tmct tmgrg hs ja ward jgsmhec hj Tcjcnm, ajoy jgsmcecrgigrrhjk ta brgctm. Tmg

dhsthjnthaj bgtwggj jgsmceccs sauo cjd jgsmheccs brgctm ihrst cppgcrs hj Nmczco.2^gg g.k., Dgvcrhe3202>, .>Cs hj, (Bgrgsmht20;).4Cs hj tmg pmrcsg (sgg Hyav370>6).

7Cs hj tmg vgrb

, wmhnm ncj najjatg kcsphjk ar pcjthjk (sgg g.k., Xgsmcycmu42034). Hjtmhs sgjsg, tmgpcsul egcjs hepcrthjk c ihrst hjmcocthaj.

9Cs hj, , Gvgrytmhjk tmct \mcsU c brgctm ai ohig-hebuhjk chr

hj hts jastrhos (Bgrgsmht;022).


19/36

33= | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

h.g., cjy eavgegjt ai chr. Rucnm cosa egcjs sphrht, cs hj tmct wmhnm

eavgs c pgrsajgeathajcooy, hjtgoogntucooy ar nrgcthvgoy.;Hj cddhthaj

ta bghjk rgoctgd ta jgsmcec, rucnm hs cosa ohjlgd ta jgigsmby vhrtug ai htstgxtuco najjgnthaj ta bcscr, iogsm.= Tmg rucnm ai bcscr ecy rgigr ta tmg

eavgegjt/ohig-gjgrky cssanhctgd whtm ohvhjk bghjks, ar ta tmg eavgegjt

ai boaad htsgoi.8

Mawgvgr, rucnmcjd jgsmcecmcvg naeg ta bg ujdgrstaad cs mcvhjk

c earg sphrhtuco nmcrcntgr,36 cs appasgd ta tmg earg bady-arhgjtgd

jgigsm.33[mct da wg egcj by tmg tgre sphrhtuco1 Tmg trcdhthaj ujdgr-

stcjds sphrhtucohty cs pgrtchjhjk ta tmg daechj ai tmg najsnhaus ehjd,

wmgrgby tmg tgre runmcjh (sphrhtuco, cs hj rucnm) hs gquctgd whtm tmgtgre shnmoh(egjtco, cs hj sgnmgo).32

C iurtmgr dhsthjnthaj hs tmgj ecdg bgtwggj rucnm cjd jgsmcec.

Rucnm hs cssanhctgd whtm tmg ogv(tmg mgcrt)3>cjd gjnaepcssgs gvgrydcy

egjtco prangssgs, wmhnm crg jgngsscrhoy naoargd by c pgrsajs pmysh-

; ^gg g.k., ^mgeat >30> (nrgcthvg), Dgvcrhe >408 (hjtgoogntuco), ^maithe 802> (geathajco).

Jatg tmct tmg cssanhcthaj bgtwggj brgctm cjd sphrht hs jat ujhqug ta tmg Mgbrgw ocjkuckg.Tmg Gjkohsm ward sphrht htsgoi dgrhvgs irae tmg Octhj sphrhtus, egcjhjk brgctm. Tmg

ward hjsphrcthaj (cosa irae sphrhtus) ncrrhgs tmhs duco-egcjhjk, najjathjk brgctmhjk hj

cs wgoo cs bghjk geathajcooy/hjtgoogntucooy eavgd ar stheuoctgd.=Cs hj, (Bgrgsmht903;).8Cs hj, (Mcltcv vMclcb-

bcocm, Ycyhlrc2608), wmgrghj jgigsmcjd rucnmcrg thgd ta tmg eavgegjt ai tmg boaad.36Hjdggd tmg ward runmcjhut (sphrhtucohty) naegs irae rucnm.33Hj tmg sgjsg ai ,(R. Tzcdal McLamgj Vrh Tzcdhl, Ycyhlrc). Ajg ohlg-

oy rgcsaj iar tmg dhsthjnthaj bgtwggj rucnm/jgsmcec cjd jgigsm hs tmg shepog icnt tmct

chr/brgctm hs ogss vhshbog cjd pmyshncooy substcjthco tmcj boaad. Chr hs jat sggj dhrgntoy, ygthts eavgegjt ncj bg absgrvgd, igotmgjng tmg jathaj ai chr/whjd/brgctm bghjk ogss pmysh-

nco cjd earg sphrhtuco.32Cs hj, (Cbcrbcjgo, Bgrgsmht3)<

(Ecobhe, Bgrgsmht3)< ,(R. Tzcdal McLamgj Tclcjct Mc^mcvhj),

ta nhtg `ust c igw gxcepogs.3>Cs hj, ,(Hbj Gzrc Lamgogt3039)< ,(R. Tzcdal McLamgj Da-

vgr Tzgdgl< cosa Ohlutgh Eamcrcj=02). ^gg cosa psulhewmgrghj rucnm hs cssanhctgd whtm tmg

ogv, g.k., Xgsmcycmu 97034, Xgnmgzlgo 33038, Tgmhohe 73038. Ni., Thlujgh Pamcr, 23048c, wmgrg

rucnm hs cssanhctgd whtm tmg oujks, wmhnm crg tmaukmt ta naao tmg mgcrt, h.g., najtrao tmg

pcsshajs. Jatg tmct tmg jgigsmhs cosa cssanhctgd whtm tmg mgcrt, dug ta hts najjgnthaj whtmtmg boaad (sgg R. Tzcdal McLamgj, Vrh Tzcdhl, Lgdusmct ^mcbbct>), ar hj tmg sgjsg ai tmg

mgcrt bghjk naeecjdgr avgr tmg jgigsm, ohlgjgd ta c lhjk cehdst c wcr (sgg R. Easmg Nar-

davgra,Vcrdgs Rheajhe230=).


20/36

Goalch Jgsmcec | 338

nco/geathajco stctg. Tmg jgsmcec, by najtrcst, hs ujdgrstaad cs rgocthjk

earg dhrgntoy ta tmg ehjd pgr sg, ta muecj najsnhausjgss htsgoi.34

Jgsmcec, Brchj cjd Najsnhausjgss

[mhog gvgry brgctm ai ohig hs c trgegjdaus khit, nogcroy tmg brcnmchs rgigr-

rhjk ta tmg jgsmceccs earg tmcj ùst brgctm. Cs wg dhsnussgd brhgioy hj

Eadgm Cjh, tmg najngpt ai jgsmcechs rgoctgd ta najsnhausjgss, tmg ehjd.37

Tmg trcdhthaj hj icnt hdgjthihgs tmg brchj cs tmg sgct ar oancthaj ai tmg

jgsmcec, cs ht scys0

,

Cjd aj tmg mgcd, by tmg brchj, sa tmct tmg jgsmcec

wmhnm hs hj ey brchjcoajk whtm ey atmgr sgjsgs cjd cbhohthgs,

smauod coo bg subùkctgd ta Mhs sgrvhng39

Krcjtgd, hdgjthihncthaj ai tmg jgsmcecwhtm tmg brchj ncj bg ecdg

gvgj hi jgsmcechs rgoctgd ta jgsmhec, brgctm. [mgj c pgrsaj brgctmgs chr,

pcrthnuocroy tmraukm tmg jasg, tmg brgctm (h.g., sphrht) oaals cs hi ht hs

bghjk drcwj up tmg jastrhos tawcrd tmg brchj.3;Mawgvgr, cs wg spalg

cbaut hj Eadgm Cjh, tmg jgsmcec hs schd ta bg rgstargd upaj cwclgj-

hjk. Tmhs ncjjat rgigr ta brgctm, shjng ht hs pochjoy abvhaus ta cjy absgrv-

gr tmct brgctmhjk dags jat ngcsg durhjk soggp. Rctmgr, ht hs ajgs naj-

snhausjgsswmhnm sohps cwcy wmgj icoohjk csoggp cjd rgturjs wmgj wcl-

hjk up. Cjd ai naursg ht hs najsnhausjgss tmct hs east noasgoy cssanhctgd

34Ta bg nogcr, tmgrg hs ja sunm tmhjk cs muecj najsnhausjgss cjd tmaukmt hj c vcnuue,dgvahd ai cjy geathajco/pmyshnco naepajgjt. Tmg ehjd cjd bady crg cowcys hjtgrnaj-

jgntgd. Rctmgr, wmgj wg spgcl cbaut tmg jgsmcec, ht hs ta gvalg tmgicnuotyai tmg ehjd

tmg vgry ncpcnhty iar cbstrcnt tmaukmt, sgoi-cwcrgjgss, whoo cjd nmahng, gtn.37^gg p. >2.39Irae tmg tgihocschd bgiarg putthjk aj tgihohj. ^gg cosa, (Arcnm Nmche

2707)< (R. Tzcdal McLamgj,

Ecnmsmcvat Nmcrutz3)< ... (Rcbbghju Bcnmyg aj

Bgrgsmht20;).3; âeg dgsnrhbg tmg jgsmcec cs gjtgrhjk cjd gxhthjk tmg bady tmraukm tmg jasg (sgg

Rcbbghju Bcnmyg aj Bgrgsmht20;). Hj c shehocr vghj, tmg Ehdrcsm spgcls cbaut Xcclav csdyhjk by wcy ai c sjggzg, wmgrgby coo mhs sphrht hs boawj aut tmraukm mhs jastrhos (sgg Vhrlgh

dRcbh Gohgzgr72). ^jggzhjk hs cosa dgsnrhbgd cs mcvhjk tmg ncpcnhty ta rgvhvg c pgrsaj, by

purkhjk c dgstrunthvg sphrht irae tmg bady (sgg HHEgocnmhe40>2>7).


21/36

326 | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

whtm tmg brchj. Tmg jgsmcec rgigrs ta tmg icnuoty ai sgnmgo, najsnhaus

tmaukmt.3=Tmct hs wmct rgturjs ta us wmgj wg cwclgj.

3=Cs hj tmg pmrcsg, ,(Loh Xclcr Vcrsmct Bgrgsmht20;).

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g


22/36

Bhrnmat McTarcm | 3>8

Bhrnmat McTarcm

- , , - ,

, ,

.

- , ,.

Bgiarg bgkhjjhjk ajgs Tarcm ogcrjhjk iar tmg dcy, twa brcnmatcrg

schd0 ajg aj tmg ehtzvc ai Tarcm study (Occsal Bgdhvrgh Tarcm), cjd tmg

atmgr ajCe Xhsrcgos mcvhjk bggj khvgj tmg Tarcm (Csmgr Bcnmcr Bcju).

cjd naeecjdgd us ta gjkckg whtm wards ai Tarcm3

Ogcrjhjk tmraukm Gjkckgegjt

Tmg ward occsal ) naegs irae) gsgl -), c octg-Mgbrgw (past)

Tcjcnm) tgre egcjhjk hjvaovgegjt ar bushjgss. Tmg hdgc ai cssanh-

cthjk Tarcm ogcrjhjk whtm bushjgss mcs c juebgr ai sukkgsthvg najjatc-

thajs. Ihrst, bushjgss hepohgs tmct wmhnm c pgrsaj hs busy whtm, wmhnm

annuphgs tmghr theg cs wgoo cs tmghr ehjd, cjdcssuehjk tmgy crg pcs-

shajctg cbaut tmghr bushjgsstmghr mgcrt. Tmg ocjkuckg ai tmg brcnmc

tmgrgiarg sukkgsts tmct aur hjvaovgegjt hj Tarcm smauod bg hebugd whtm

c sgjsg ai hjthecny cjd urkgjny, cs c ecttgr noasg ta tmg mgcrt.2Bushjgss

cosa dgjatgs cj cnthvhty wmgrghj c pgrsaj cnquhrgs mhs ar mgr ohig

brgcd, sustgjcjng vhtco iar ohvhjk. ^a taa, aur Tarcm ogcrjhjk hs hdgcooy

3Jatg tmct tmg ^gpmcrdh juscnmai tmg brcnmcrgcds , jat .2Cs hj, ,(R. Tzcdal McLamgj Vrh Tzcdhl, Lgdusmct ^mcbbct;).


23/36

346 | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

gxpgrhgjngd sunm tmct wmgj wg ogcrj, wg sgg aursgovgs cs hebhbhjk vhtco

jaurhsmegjt.>

Hj cddhthaj, bushjgss hs rgigrrgd ta hj tmg trcdhthaj cs ecsc uectcj,khvg cjd tclg (oht., tclg cjd khvg), cs iar gxcepog pravhdhjk c prad-

unt ar sgrvhng cjd tclhjk naepgjscthaj hj rgturj. Khvg cjd tclg cosa

rgoctgs ta tmg hdgc ai bcnl-cjd-iartm jgkathcthajs. Ecsc uectcj narrg-

spajds ta tmg Crcechn smcloc vgtcryc, cj gxprgsshaj tmct hs usgd hj tmg

najtgxt ai Tarcm ogcrjhjk ta dgsnrhbg Tcoeudhn bcnl-cjd-iartm crkuegj-

tcthaj.4 Hjdggd tmg ward gsgl ) hs tmaukmt ta pgrmcps dgrhvg irae)

cscl( ),7egcjhjk ta najtgjd ar strhvg whtm.9

Hj tmhs sgjsg, tmg hdgc ai tmg brcnmc hs tmct wg smauod jat shepoybusy aursgovgs whtm wards ai Tarcm, but truoy gjkckgwhtm tmge, gvgj

najtgjd whtm tmge. Hi saegtmhjk batmgrs us hj Tarcm, tmhs hs jat saeg-

tmhjk ta shepoy cnngpt pcsshvgoy. Rctmgr, wg crg ta tclg ht cs c ncoo ta gx-

poarg tmg hssug, ta strhvg whtm ht cjd jgkathctg c bgttgr ujdgrstcjdhjk,

gepoayhjk c egcsurg ai khvg cjd tclg. Ecybg wg crg ehsshjk saegtmhjk

wmhnm iurtmgr nocrhihncthaj ai tmg Tarcm ncj pravhdg, ar ecybg tmg nae-

eaj najngpthaj cbaut c pcrthnuocr phgng ai Tarcm hs ehsshjk saegtmhjk

wmhnm wgncj pravhdg. By cppoyhjk aur ujhqug pgrspgnthvg ta tmg ectg-rhco, by dgvgoaphjk nmhdusmhe(javgo hdgcs), jat ajoy da wg pcrthnhpctg hj

tmg ehtzvcai ogcrjhjk hj tmg iuoo sgjsg ai occsal, but wg cosa najtrhbutg

ta tmg krgct ogkcny ai Tarcm tmaukmt. Tmg bctaj ai Tarcm mcs bggj pcssgd

ta us irae prgvhaus kgjgrcthajs, cjd ht hs hj aur mcjds ta ruj whtm cs icr

cs wg ncj, ta najtrhbutg cs eunm cs wg ncj, ujtho wg mcjd ht avgr ta tmg

jgxt kgjgrcthaj.

>Cs hj, ' (Dgvcrhe=0>).4Rcbbghju Ecjacnm (^gigr Mcegjunmc, ocws ai brcnmat) gxpochjs gsgl() cs rgigrrhjk ta

Ehsmjc cjd Tcoeud, wmgrghj ajg jggds .hj ardgr ta ujdgrstcjd tmge

7 ^gg tmg gjtry iar

hj tmg Dhnthajcry ai tmg Tcoeud, E. @cstraw, cjd hj tmg Brawj-Drhvgr-Brhkks Ogxhnaj.

9Cs hj, , Cjd mg ncoogd tmg jceg ai tmg wgoo Gsgl,

bgncusg tmgy najtgjdgd whtm mhe (Bgrgsmht29026).

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g


24/36

Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr | 37;

Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr

- ...

................../ ... ...

...

...

...

... ....

Tmg iaooawhjk sgt ai ihitggj brcnmat (hjnoudhjk McEc'cvhr ^mghjc hj

tmg iaooawhjk nmcptgr) hs rgigrrgd ta naoognthvgoy cs Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr.3

Tmg ianus tmraukmaut tmgsg brcnmat hs aj tmg trcjsiarecthaj irae tmg

soggphjk stctg ta wclhjk stctg, irae bghjk baujd by ujnajsnhausjgss tabgnaehjk ehjdiuo cjd cwcrg, irgg ta nmaasg aur pctm aj tmhs jgw dcy.

[ma kcvg tmg raastgr/mgcrt dhsngrjegjt ta dhsthjkuhsm

bgtwggj dcy cjd jhkmt

Tmhs brcnmchs bcsgd aj tmg iaooawhjkpcsul0

.

[ma sgt whsdae hj tmg navgrgd pocngs, ar wma kcvg dhsngrjegjt ta tmg sgnmvh12

Tmhs hs tmg ajoy hjstcjng ai tmg ward sgnmvhhj Tcjcnm, cjd ht hs jat nogcr

wmct ht egcjs hj tmhspcsulgxngpt tmct ht pcrcoogos tmg ward tunmat, nav-

grgd pocngs, c tgre wmhnm hs cosa absnurg. Tunmatecy rgigr ta noauds

ar cotgrjcthvgoy ta badhoy hjjcrds.> Tmg octtgr egcjhjk mcs ogd ta tmg

3Jat ta bg najiusgd whtm tmg gjthrg sgt ai earjhjk brcnmat, wmhnm hs saegthegs rgigrrgdta aj tmg wmaog cs Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr.

2Hyav>=0>9>^gg tmg gjtry iar hj tmg Brawj-Drhvgr-Brhkks Ogxhnaj.


25/36

37= | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

hjtgrprgtcthaj ai tmg pourco tunmatcs lhdjgys,4whtm tmg shjkuocr sgnmvh

cs mgcrt7(coo ai wmhnm crg spalgj ai hj tmg trcdhthaj cs sgcts ai whsdae

cjd dhsngrjegjt hj tmg bady). Hj Tcoeudhn saurngs mawgvgr, sgnmvhegcjs raastgr,9 wmhnm nogcroy ihts tmg najtgxt ai tmg brcnmc. Jcegoy,

tmg raastgr nraws wmgj tmg ohkmt ai dcwj cppgcrs, dhsthjkuhsmhjk bg-

twggj jhkmt cjd dcy.

Tmct schd, tmg tgre sgnmvhhj tmg brcnmcecy bg dgohbgrctgoy cebhku-

aus. Cotmaukm wg cpprgnhctg tmg krgct sgrvhng pgriaregd by tmg raastgr,

tmg brcnmcspgcls cbaut tmg icnuoty ai bhjcdrcwhjk dhsthjnthajs hj tmg

ehjdwmhnm hs saegtmhjk wg kgjgrcooy cttrhbutg ta muecj bghjks, jat

ta aur ihjg-igctmgrgd irhgjds jar ta cjy atmgr egebgrs ai tmg cjhecowarod. Tmg raastgr ncj tmus bg sggj cs c egtcpmar iar aur awj ncpcnhty

iar bhjcnaepcrcthvg rgcsajhjk, najngptuco cjcoyshs, dhj (`udkegjt)

cjd sgoi-rgiognthaj. Bhjchs cj hjtgkrco pcrt ai wmct eclgs aur najsnhaus-

jgss ujhqugoy muecj.;

4^gg g.k., Bcehdbcr Rcbbcm 360=, cosa Rcsmh cjd Rcdcl aj Tgmhohe730=.7^gg g.k., Hbj Gzrc, Ecobhe cjdEgtzudct Tzhajaj Hyav>=0>9. Cosa sgg tmg gjtry iar

hj tmg Kgsgjhus Ogxhnaj. Ni., Brawj-Drhvgr-Brhkks Ogxhnaj, wmhnm rgjdgrs cs c ngogsthco

pmgjaegjaj (narrgspajdhjk ta tunmatcs noauds), ar cotgrjcthvgoy cs c raastgr.9Cs hj, '' (Rasm Mcsmcjc29c). Cosa sgg E. @cstraw, Dhnthaj-

cry ai tmg Tcoeud, gjtry iar .

; Hj cddhthaj, tmg brcnmcdags jat scy tmct tmg sgnmvhdhsthjkuhsmgs bgtwggj jhkmt cjddcy ( , cs ajg wauod gxpgnt, wmgrg tmg raastgrs ncoo ecrls tmg trcjshthaj

irae jhkmt ta dcy) but rctmgr bgtwggj dcy cjd jhkmt, wmhnm pgrmcps hs hjtgjdgd ta mhkm-

ohkmt tmg cebhkuhty ai sgnmvh, sa cs ta rgigr batm ta raastgr cjdmgcrt.

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g


26/36

McEccvhr ^mghjc | 26;

McEccvhr ^mghjc

- . - -, ,

, ,

,

,

, , .

Tmgrg hs c rhsl hjvaovgd hj bgnaehjk najsnhaus, passgsshjk dcct

tmg rhsl tmct rctmgr tmcj bg c taao iar nrgcthvhty cjd ohig, tmg ehjd whoo

ourg us hjta tmhjlhjk cjd cnthajs tmct crg dgstrunthvg ta aursgovgs cjd

atmgrs. Tmhs brcnmc,tmg ocst ai tmg ihitggj Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr, ncoos aj us tabg pracnthvgta cttcnm aursgovgs ta Tarcm, gjkckg hj najstrunthvg cnthvh-

ty, cjd bg kuhdgd by tmg hjnohjcthaj tawcrd Ohig. Hj sa dahjk, wg mapg ta

avgrnaeg tmg abstcnogs hj aur pctm, bgnaeg ecstgrs ai tmg najsnhaus

ehjd, bg ecturg cjd rgspajshbog bgcrgrs ai dcct, cjd cdvcjng tawcrd

tmg jgxt pmcsg ai muecj dgvgoapegjtajg wmhnm hs ecrlgd by hjdg-

pgjdgjng cjd ujsurpcssgd brcnmc.

[ma rgeavgs soggp irae ey gygs cjd drawshjgss irae ey gygohds

^tckgs ai Cwclgjhjk

Tmg brcnmcai McEccvhr ^mghjc hs saurngd hj tmg Tcoeud,3cjd tmhs ihrst

pmrcsg hs bcsgd aj c pcsul hj Tcjcnm.2 Tmg pmrcsg najtchjs twa pcrts

rgeavhjk soggp irae tmg gygs, cjd rgeavhjk drawshjgss irae tmg gygohds.

3^gg Brcnmat96b, wmhnm najjgnts tmg pmrcsg [ma rgeavgs soggp irae ey gygs whtm

wcsmhjk ajgs icng hj tmg earjhjk.2Tmgpcsul0 (Tgmhohe3>204). ^gg cosaEhsmogh904.


27/36

26= | Amr Mc^mcnmcr

Vgrmcps tmhs ncj bg ujdgrstaad ta sukkgst c twa-stckg prangss ai cwcl-

gjhjk. Tmg ihrst stckg hs gegrkhjk irae tmg stctg ai soggp (smghjc), wmgrg

wg crg ja oajkgr naepogtgoy ujnajsnhaus but sthoo iggo drawsy, prajg tadazhjk aii ckchj. Tmgrg hs sthoo souebgr aj aur gygohds, sa ta spgcl. Tmg

ward iar gygohd hs cici(), rgoctgd ta ami(, c whjkgd nrgcturg), ohlg-

oy hj tmg sgjsg ai iouttgrhjk, wmhnm hs nmcrcntgrhsthn ai tmg gygohds wmgj

drhithjk hj cjd aut ai soggp.>Tmg sgnajd stckg ai cwclgjhjk hs wmgj tmg

drawshjgss (tgjuec) pcssgs cjd wg bgnaeg iuooy najsnhauscogrt cjd

prgsgjt.

Tmg stckgs ai rgeavhjk smghjccjd tgjuecehkmt cosa bg ohlgjgd ta

stctgs ai cwcrgjgss hj wclhjk ohig. Ta ihrst bgnaeg cwcrg ai saegtmhjk hsclhj ta rgeavhjk soggp (smghjc) irae aur gygs, cwclgjhjk ta c ngrtchj

rgcohty ai wmhnm wg mcd ja prhar cwcrgjgss ct coo. Mawgvgr, gvgj citgr

mcvhjk bggj ecdg cwcrg, tmct rgcohty ncj gcshoy drhit hj cjd aut ai aur

ehjds. [g mcvg spgoos ai dazhjk aii wmgj wg tgeparcrhoy iarkgt, oasg

trcnl ai wmct wg ljaw ta bg trug cjd/ar hepartcjt, giignthvgoy rggjtgr-

hjk c stctg ai soggp. Ta rgeavg tmhs souebgr (tgjuec), ta stcy aj trcnl

cjd lggp tmg rgcohty hj ehjd, rgquhrgs c najthjuaus giiart aj aur pcrt ta

rgechj najsnhaus.Ajg ehkmt hj icnt tmhjl ai dchoy tgihochj tmhs wcycs iujnthajhjk ta

mgop lggp us cwcrg ai tmct wmhnm wg corgcdy ljaw hs hepartcjt, but

wmhnm hi wg dhd jat eclg c najngrtgd, rgkuocr giiart ta ianus aj wauod

quhnloy icoo aii tmg rcdcr ai aur najsnhausjgss. Tgihoctmus mcs tmg ncpcnh-

ty ta lggp us irae souebgrhjk.

... Cjd ecy ht bg \XaurU whoo tmct Xau rgkuoctg us hj Xaur Tarcm

cjd cttcnm us ta Xaur naeecjds

Tarcm cjd Ehtzvat Rgkuocrhty cjd Hjthecny

Jaw tmct wg crg iuooy najsnhaus, wg gxprgss tmg dgshrg ta dhrgnt tmct

najsnhausjgss tawcrd Ohig, vhc Tarcm cjd ehtzvat (tmg tarct nmche cjd

nmulgh nmche). Tmg ward tcrkhoghju , rgkuoctg/cnnustae us) hs)

irae rgkgo (

, ogk/iaat), najjathjk wcolhjk cjd kahjk, cs wgoo cs

>^gg tmg gjtry iar hj tmg Brawj-Drhvgr-Brhkks Ogxhnaj. Cosa ni., cjd hj tmg

prgvhaus nmcptgr, p. 264.


28/36

McEccvhr ^mghjc | 268

kraujdgdjgss cjd stcbhohty. Tmg mapg hs tmct wg crg cs naeiartcbog

whtm cjd cnnustaegd ta tmg ogcrjhjk ai Tarcm cs wg crg whtm wcolhjk,

cjd ht smauod eavg us, prapgo us iarwcrd, mgop kuhdg us hj aurtmaukmts cjd cnthajs, cjd cosa pravhdg us whtm kraujdhjk, bcocjng cjd

strunturg.

Tmg ward dcbglghju , cttcnm us) hs irae) dcvcl ,, nohjk)

cttcnm), wmhnm najvgys c sgjsg ai dgshrg cjd hjthecny, cs hj tmgpcsul0

cjd mg whoo cttcnm ta mhs whig, cjd tmgy whoo bg ajg iogsm4

Tmhs hs cs appasgd ta nmhbur (

), cs hj nmcvgr (

, irhgjd), wmgrgcotmaukm tmg cttcnmegjt ecy bg strajk, ht hs ogss hjthectg tmcj dcvcl.

Nmhburncj cosa hjnoudg coohcjngs ecdg iar najvgjhgjng ar strctgkhn pur-

pasgs.7 Aur cttcnmegjt ta tmg ehtzvat smauod bg tmct ai dcvclht

smauod naeg whtm hjthecny, wmgrgby c pgrsaj gjkckgs tmge jat shepoy

tmraukm iarng ai mcbht, but cosa aut ai kgjuhjg hjtgrgst cjd gjtmushcse,

tmg dgshrg ta najjgnt.

4Bgrgsmht20247Cs hj, (HH Dhvrgh McXcehe260>7).

* * *G j d ^ c e p o g


29/36

Cbaut tmg Cutmar | 277

Cbaut tmg Cutmar

Dcvhd Bcr-Namj maods cj E.C. hj Nohjhnco Vsynmaoaky cjd echj-

tchjs c pcrt-theg psynmatmgrcpy prcnthng. Mg cosa warls hj eushn cjd

vhdga pradunthaj, cjd hs tmg nrgctar ai tmg Rgbbgtzhj Tcp nmhodrgjs

eushnco vhdga sgrhgs. Mhs heegrshaj hj Tarcm/@udchse bgkcj ct Ohvjat

WOgmhbcjat hj Tzict, iaooawgd by Xgsmhvct Dcrnmg Jace/^mcpgoos hj

@gruscoge. Mg octgr rgnghvgd sgehnmc hj hssur vmgtgr tmraukm Xgsmhvc

Vhrnmgh ^masmcjhe. C jcthvg ai Oas Cjkgogs, Dcvhd jaw ohvgs hj Rcect

Bght ^mgegsm, Hsrcgo, whtm mhs whig, Lgrry, cjd tmghr iaur sajs.


30/36

Iuoo Baal Najtgjts

Vrgicng 3;

Tmg Ehxgd Bogsshjks ai Tcrkue 3;

Cbaut tmg Baal 3=

C Rcthajco cjd Maohsthn Cppracnm ta Tarcm 38

Baal ^napg cjd Ncvgcts 26

Eadgm Cjh 23

Eadgm Tmg Cnt ai Xhgodhjk 23

Jgtzcnm, Mad cjd Cnthvg Rgngpthvhty 22

Tawcrd Yhtcohty cjd Gjohkmtgjegjt 2>

[mgj tmg [hoo iar Ohig Rghkjs 27

Tmg Lhjk Trcjsehts cjd tmg Vgapog Rgnghvg 29

Nmch Ohig cjd Eathaj 29

Lcyce Gjdurhjk Trcjsehsshaj 2;

Amr cjd Loh Gjgrky cjd ^trunturg 2=

Rgnghvgr Bgnaegs Trcjsehttgr 28

Khvhjk cjd Rgnghvhjk Oancohzgd hj Cmcvc cjd ^henmc >6

Jgtzcnm cjd Mad Yaoueg Najtrao >3

C Iaujdcthaj ai Trust >3

Easmg cjd Cmcraj Jgtzcnm cjd Mad >2

Jgsmcec tmg Rgturj ai Najsnhausjgss >2

Nmgeoc cjd tmg [hoo iar Ohig >>

Geujc Rgohcbhohty, Jat Gxhstgjthco Bgohgi >4

Easmg Jggecj cjd Gegt >7

Rabust cjd Ichtmiuo Ioaw >9

Brcnmc cjd Lgdusmc >;

Brcnmc Gxpcjshaj cjd Vraohigrcthaj >;

Brcnmc cjd Daubohjk >=

Brcnmc cjd Brghnmc Vaaohjk cjd Gxpcjdhjk >8

Brcnmc cjd Lococ Krawtm vs. Ctrapmy >8

Brcnmc cjd Lococ cs ^tctgs ai Mgcotm 46


31/36

Brcnmc cjd Dhiiushaj tmg Vrgssurg ta Gxpcjd 46

Lgdusmc Dgihjhjk tmg Najngpt 43

Hjtgjshihncthaj by wcy ai Rgstrhnthaj 42

Lgdusmc ai Ce Xhsrcgo 4>

Lgdusmc ai Ab`gnts, Vocngs cjd Theg 47

Lgdusmc ai ^mcbbct 49

Ehldcsm cjd Nrgcthaj Vcrcoogos 4;

^mcbbct cjd ^mgnmhjc 73

^mcear cjd Pcnmar 72

Ycyvcrgnm cjd Ycylcdgsm Brcnmc cjd Lgdusmc 72

Mcsmge cs Lcdasm 7>

Tmg Vawgr cjd Yaocthohty ai Lgdusmc 77

Ladgsm cjd Nmao Najngjtrcthaj cjd Ycnuue 79

Nmcoco cjd Nrgcthaj 7;

Nrgcthaj cjd Muecj Nrgcthvhty 78

Brcnmc cjd Lgdusmc hj Nrgcthaj 96

Maohdcys tmg Ehlrcgh Ladgsm 96

Vgscnm cjd Gxpcjshaj 93

^ullat cjd Ckkrgkcthaj 92

Nynohjk Bgtwggj Brcnmc cjd Lgdusmc 9>

Gxpcjshaj cjd Najtrcnthaj ai Theg cjd ^gpmhrat 94

Lgdusmc cjd Brcnmc Hjtgjshty cjd Rgogcsg 99

Brcnmc cjd Lgdusmc cs c [cvg 99

Bcrunm Ctcm Mcsmge 9;

Bcrunm Dgsnrhpthaj ar Cnthaj1 9;

Rcnmcehe cjd Rgnmge Jurturhjk Ohig ;6

Bcrunm Ctcm Mcsmge cs cj Cnt ai Nrgcthaj ;3

Goalhe cs c Tgepoctg iar tmg Ehjd ;2Dhj @udkegjt cjd Dhsthjnthaj ;2

Ogit, Rhkmt cjd Ehddog ;>

Goalhe cjd Mcsmge Gtz McDcct cjd Gtz McNmche ;4

Hjtgrdgpgjdgjng ai Mcsmge cjd Goalhe ;9

Goalhe cjd Nrgcthaj hj tmg Ehjd ;9

Tzgoge Goalhe cjd tmg Dhsthjnthvgjgss ai Muecjs ;=

Goamhe Cnmgrhe Atmgr Iares ai Najsnhausjgss ;=

Hjiougjnhjk tmg Wjsggj Icrtmgst Rgcnmgs ;8

Ehtzvat cs Cddrgsshjk Hjwcrd cjd Autwcrd Vrgssurgs =6

Ehtzvat cjd Rgkuocthaj ai Vrgssurg =3


32/36

^mcoae Dyjcehn Gquhohbrhue =2

Tzgdgl, Ehsmpct cjd Gquhohbrhue =4

Ehtzvat cjd tmg Nmch Bcmge Vrhjnhpog =7

Jgthoct Xcdcyhe =;

Tuec cjd [csmhjk Mcjds =;

Wjdgrstcjdhjk Tuec ==

Tuec cjd Nmao 86

Ehjus-Nmcrkg cjd Vous-Nmcrkg 83

Tcmcrc vhc [ctgr cjd Theg 82

Jgigsm cs tmg Oanus ai Tuec cjd Tcmcrc 8>

Boaad cs Jgigsm 84

Tuec cjd Kgjdgr ai c Jgwbarj 84

Trcjsigr ai Tuec 87

^oggp cs c Vcrthco Dgctm 89

Jgthoct Xcdcyhe cjd Jgthoct Ouocv 8;

Csmgr Xctzcr 88

Xgtzhrc cjd Naeprgsshaj 88

Iarecthajs ai Nmanmec 366

Brhyc cs Ncrvhjk Aut c ^pcng 363

Maw Jatmhjk Bgnaegs ^aegtmhjk 36>

Lcvad cjd Lgvad Mcsmge 364

^mge cjd Lcvad 369

Tmg Lhsgh McLcvad 36;

Tmg Ehldcsm cs tmg Lhsgh McLcvad 36=

Muecj Najsnhausjgss cs tmg Lhsgh McLcvad 368

Nmgsgd cjd Autpaurhjk 336

Kgvurc cjd Rgstrchjt 333

Thigrgt cjd Yhbrcjt Ioaw 332

Ihjgoy-tujgd Bady cjd Nrgcthaj 33>

Tmg Wjdgroyhjk Hjtgjt ta Vradung 334

Goalch Jgsmcec 33;

Jgigsm, Rucnm cjd Jgsmcec 33;

Jgsmcec, Brchj cjd Najsnhausjgss 338

Jgsmcec cjd Hdgjthty 326

Jgsmcec cjd ^mge 323

^mgeat cjd Naeputhjk 32>


33/36

Jcegs ai tmg Ihvg Baals ai tmg Tarcm 324

Nogcr Najsnhausjgss cjd ^goi-cnngss 327

Brhyc cjd Xgtzhrc hj Najsnhausjgss 329

Hepcrthjk Najsnhausjgss 32;

Eartcohty cjd tmg Oass ai Najsnhausjgss 32=

Rgsurrgnthaj cjd tmg Rgturj ai Najsnhausjgss 328

Tgnmhyct Mcegthe cjd Tgnmjaoaky 3>6

Ohvhjk Iargvgr Krgctgst Jhkmtecrg ar Krgctgst Thluj1 3>2

Rhbaj cjd Cdaj 3>9

[clhjk Wp cs Tgnmhyct Mcegthe 3>9

Bhrnmat McTarcm 3>8

Ogcrjhjk tmraukm Gjkckgegjt 3>8

Ce Xhsrcgo cjd Tarcm cs Kucrcjtars 343

Mcreajy cjd Dhssajcjng 34>

Dgcohjk whtm Tgxt ^wggtgjhjk ar ^aurhjk 347

Tcce Tcstg cjd Rgcsaj 347

Ogcrjhjk Tarcm Ohsmec iar hts ^mge 34=

Kacdhjk tmg Ehjd 376

Oheud, Nmhjunm cjd Marccm 373

Nmasgjjgss cjd Rgstrhnthaj 373

Eceognmgt Lamcjhe C Rcdhnco Gxpgrhegjt 37>

Rgocthajsmhp ta tmg Jcthajs 374

Nmaashjk Ohig 377

Bhrnmat Mc^mcnmcr 37;

Csmgr Jctcj Ocsgnmvh0 Crg [g Cwclg ar Csoggp1 37=

^mgoa Cscjh Kay/Cvgd/Hsmc0 Gebrcnhjk tmg ^goi cjd tmg Atmgr 396

^mg'cscjhLhrtzaja0 tmg [hoo iar Ohig 39>

Kgjdgr cjd tmg Pcnmcr-Jglghvc Dhsthjnthaj 39>

Valg'cnm Hvrhe/Ecobhsm Cruehe0 Cwclgjhjk tmg Tzgoge Goalhe 397

Tmg Dcwj ai Najsnhausjgss cs tmg Bgkhjjhjk ai Mhstary 399

Tmrgg Vmcsgs ai Dgvgoapegjt 39;

Tmrgg Vmcsgs0 Tmrgg Tgepogs 398

Tmrgg Vmcsgs0 ^mgec Xhsrcgo cjd Tglhat 3;>

Tmrgg Vmcsgs0 Nmce, Xgigt cjd ^mge 3;4

Tmrgg Vmcsgs cjd Bypcsshjk ai tmg Ihrstbarj 3;=

Tmrgg Vmcsgs0 Geujc, ^mgghoc cjd Tgsmuvc 3=3

^mgghoc cjd Nrgcthaj 3=2

Dgstrunthvg ^mgghoc 3=4


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Raecjthnhzhjk tmg Yartgx 3=9

Hyavs ^mgghoc 3=;

Hyavs Tgsmuvc cjd Gsncpg irae tmg Yartgx 3=8

Easmg cjd Hyav tmg Rgsaouthaj 383

Tmg Tmrgg Vmcsgs hj Hyav 38>

^mgeat Mcsmge hj Hyav 384

Ecthr Csurhe0 Irggdae ai Bady cjd Ehjd 389

Eutcr cjd Csur vs. Rhkmt cjd [rajk 389

Palgi Lgiuihe0 Najsnhaus Cwcrgjgss cjd ^tcjdhjk Tcoo 38;

Ralc Mc'crgtz Co McEcyhe0 Tmg Gxpcjsg ai Najsnhausjgss 38=

McEgnmhj Ehtzcdgh Kcvgr0 Lcvcjc Dhrgnthjk Aur Tmaukmts cjd Cnthajs 388

^mg'csc Oh Lao Tzarlh0 Jggd, Dgshrg cjd Cnthaj 263

Jggd cs c Nctcoyst iar Nrgcthvhty 263

Azgr Xhsrcgo Bhkgvurc/Atgr Xhsrcgo Bgthicrc0 Hjvalhjk tmg Jcthajco Ncoohjk 262

Irae Kgvurc ta Thigrgt 26>

McJatgj Ocyc'gi La'cnm0 Mcsmge cs Lacnm 264

McEccvhr ^mghjc 26;

^tckgs ai Cwclgjhjk 26;

Tarcm cjd Ehtzvat Rgkuocrhty cjd Hjthecny 26=

Cnmhgvhjk c Bcocjngd Rgocthajsmhp 268

Nmght cjd Cvaj Twa Typgs ai Dgvhcthaj 236

Larbcj Nmctct Rgturjhjk [mct [cs Tclgj 233

Nmght cs Vous-nmcrkg 232

Lcpcrct Nmght Vurkhjk Gxngss Jgigsm 234

Tgihoc Bhelae Larbcj 239

Jhscyaj c Tgst ai Hdgjthty 239

Igjngs cjd Gnajaey ai Gjgrky 23;

Bhzcyaj cjd Dgvcoucthaj 23;

Xgtzgr Tav cjd Xgtzgr Mcrc 23=

Tmg Trcp ai Tav cjd Rc 238

Gtz McNmche cs c Thluj iar tmg Gtz McDcct 226

Khvhjk Wp Ajgs Ohig 222

Hjvgsthjk Gjgrky iar tmg Oajk-tgre 22>

Tmg Eckjgthse ai Nmghj 224

Nmghj, Nmgsgd cjd Rcnmcehe 224

Hjtgkrhty cjd Kraujdgdjgss 229

Kgehout Nmcscdhe [gcjhjk aii ai Nmgsgd 228

Rhshjk ta tmg Nmcoogjkg ai Najsnhaus Hjdgpgjdgjng 228


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Cegj 2>3

Cegj Maod ^tgcdy, Ihre cjd Trug 2>3

Tmrgg Typgs ai Cegj 2>3

Cegj cs Lhyue McBrcnmc 2>>

Cegj [hoo hjta Cnthaj 2>4

Ohst ai Ihkurgs 2>;

Cnljawogdkgegjts 2>8

Hjdgx 243

Cbaut tmg Cutmar 277


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ohr hashachar: torah, kabbalah & consciousness in the daily morning blessings

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