oil refineries with video (oil refineries a major cause of pollution)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
NAGINDAS KHANDWALA
COLLEGE
FOUNDATION COURSEProfessor Sheetal Desai
OIL REFINERIES
MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to thank respected
Professor Sheetal Desai for giving us an opportunity to present our views on
pollution by Oil Refineries and creating an awareness amongst the students through the medium of this project.
ROLL NO. NAMES
129 Sneha Kulkarni
130 Falguni Lahera
131 Charmy Lapasia
132 Riddhi Majithia
133 Khushboo Makwana
134 Pooja Makwana
135 Jay Marvania
GROUP MEMBERS
INTRODUCTION An oil refinery is an industrial process plant
where the heavy crude oil which is taken out of the ground is turned into useful products like petroleum, naphtha etc.
On one hand, they provide one of the building blocks of modern life, but on the other hand, they create all kinds of pollution.
Crude Oil
Processing Useful Products
REFINING- MAIN ROLE OF REFINERIES
Refining is the process of converting crude oil and gas into other, more useful chemicals. There are four basic steps in refining…
1. Desalting- Remove salt and Impurities2. Separation- Separate into different products3. Conversion- Modifying the composition4. Blending- Mix different materials to get a
specific product
Crude Oil
Refining = D+S+C+B
Useful Products
Crude oil= complex mixture of hydrocarbon, water, salt etc.
First it is cleaned and separated
Then it is changed from one type of molecule to another to improve its properties
Later different products are blended together to meet specific requirements
This Blended mixture reaches us as gasoline, diesel, lubricants etc.
Pump Jack- Pulling Crude oil out of the ground
Crude Oil = Unprocessed Oil Another name “PETROLEUM” Starting point of many products. Why?
They contain ‘Hydrocarbons’ What is Hydrocarbon?
These are molecules of Hydrogen and Carbon
They come in various lengths and structures like straight chain, branching chain and rings.
Crude Oil- Key Element
OIL REFINERIES AND POLLUTION Oil Refineries pollute air, water, soil and
noise. All refineries pollute the environment at unacceptable and unhealthy levels
Air- Harmful gases emitted by burning crude oil released in air
Water- Water used for cooling and oil leaks are disposed in water
Noise- Improper maintenance of machines cause huge amounts of noise
Pollution from oil refineries near Taj Mahal is turning the white monument into yellow
stone
BEFORE AFTER
The industries are mostly situated along the riverbanks for easy availability of water and also disposal of the wastes like acids, alkalis, dyes and other chemicals.
This results in… Change in pH of water Mass of white foam in rivers Heating up of the water Reduction in oxygen, thermal pollution
Waste water from Refineries
Dead fishes- result of pollution from refineries
When crude oil or coal is heated at the refinery, the sulphur is converted into a gas called sulphur dioxide. It is accompanied many other harmful chemicals in smaller quantities.
Oil refineries cause pollution due to…• Higher levels of SO2 by low quality oil• Accidental fires, explosions and gas leaks• Extensive hydrocarbon and particulate
pollution
Regular emission of harmful gases
Accidental Fires or Explosions
POLLUTION IN INDIA
Arabian sea polluted regularly by refineries Reason is heavy imports leading which
often cause oil spill, leaks etc. Refineries often dispose small amounts of
oil and harmful untreated water at regular basis.
As a result, tar balls on the coast of the sea are a common problem.
Gases emitted by Refineries
Respiratory problems like asthma, chest pain, bronchitis etc.
Other health problems like skin irritation, nausea, leukemia, cancer etc.
High levels of SO2 can cause nausea, throat irritation. Headaches and even death.
Daily exposure to SO2 causes narrowing of air passage in throat, worsen asthma and provoke asthma attacks.
Gases mix with moisture in the air and later result in Acid Rains which harm the ecology
Eutrophication and Thermal pollution
Sewage Algal Bloom Demand for oxygen Depletion for oxygen
Oil leaks and waste water damage the aquatic creatures to a large extent.
Water released by refineries is harmful and is consumed by many fishes in the water bodies. These fishes when consumed by humans cause diseases.
Waste water released by Refineries
OIL SPILL- Darkest side of Refineries
Oil Spill= Release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment due to human activity.
Marine or on Land Different reasons Has a huge impact on environment Clean up may take weeks, months or
years
Reasons for Spills
Spills while DrillingDamaged tankers
General Impacts of Oil Spill
Suffocation and Poisoning
Blinds the creatures
Damage to Mangroves
MOUSSE (Deadly Fevistick)
Tar balls and oily Residue
Reduced Photosynthesis and oxygen absorption
Hypothermia
Impacts on Flora and Fauna in Sea
Flight loss and oil consumption by birds
Food chain imbalance by harming small organisms
Hypothermic death of otters
Kills the Killer
Prevents gaseous exchange
Damage to the breeding grounds of creatures like turtle
Clean up of an Oil Spill
Leave is alone to
settle down
Contain it with booms and collect
using skimmer
equipments
Use Dispersants to break-up
oil and speed its
degradation
Introduce biological agents to
the spill to degrade it
Role of Government and the Citizens
The Government has laid down certain rules for the refineries which include installment of waste water treatment plants, Acid clay process, Vacuum Distillation etc.
The Government is also coming up with contingency plans for prevention of oil spills in the coming years of the country’s development.
Regular environment audit is taken up by the government officials in order to be updated with the activities of the refineries.
The people need to be aware about the impacts of oil refineries They can use their rights in order to know the plans of the
government and also to check whether the refineries are following the same or not.
Thank
You…!!!