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Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 1
2017
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual
FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium
Trade and Markets Division (EST)Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L’ ALIMENTATION ET L’AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA L’ AGRICULTURA Y L’ ALIMENTACIÓN
Rome/Roma, 2018
Trade and Markets Division (EST)Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual — 2017
FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel — 2017
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium — 2017
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ISBN: 978-92-5-130533-1 © FAO, 2018
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Contents
Table de matières
Índice
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2017
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2017
iii
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exel
s
Introduction iv
Highlights v
Detailed news items: Table 1. Overview of domains covered 1
Table 2. Government policies implemented reported in 2017 2-46
Table 3. Industry measures and initiatives reported in 2017 47-62
Introduction ix
Faits saillants x
Articles détaillés:
Tableau 1. Vue d'ensemble des domaines traités 1
Tableau 2. Politiques publiques mises en œuvre en 2017 2-46
Tableau 3. Mesures et initiatives sectorielles recensées en 2017 47-62
Introducción xiv
Aspectos más destacados xv
Noticias detalladas: Cuadro 1. Panorama de temas cubiertos 1
Cuadro 2. Políticas gubernamentales aplicadas en 2017 2-46
Cuadro 3. Medidas e iniciativas del sector industrial en 2017 47-62
iv Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2017
Introduction
The purpose of this compendium is to offer, in a single document, an overview of salient policy changes and related private sector measures concerning global and national markets for oilseed, oils/fats and meals in a particular year – in this case 2017.
The compendium reproduces, in tabular form, all the policy and industry news items published throughout 2017 in the FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). The main purpose is to facilitate the work of policy makers, market experts, analysts and other stakeholders by providing a short, concise overview of policy developments relevant to the oilcrops industry at the global, regional and national level.
Although every care has been taken to cover the most salient and relevant developments, the list of items presented is not exhaustive. Drawing on a variety of sources, the accounts provided concentrate on key facts, refraining from in-depth analytical impact assessments.
The news items are presented in two major groups: 1) policy changes implemented (or under consideration) by national governments; and 2) voluntary industry initiatives, which include measures taken by private companies, sector associations, civil society groups and research and financial institutions.
In the tables, national policy changes are grouped by policy domains and, thereunder, by country (in alphabetical order), including reference to the month of implementation and to the product concerned. Industry measures, on the other hand, are presented by topic and, thereunder, in chronological order, with indication of the concerned country.
Acknowledgements: This report has been compiled by the Oilseeds Desk of the Trade and Markets Division (EST) under the lead of P. Thoenes and with the assistance of F. Greb, G. Karumathy and M. Milo. Support from E. Vecchione who formatted this report is gratefully acknowledged.
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Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2017 v
Highlights
NATIONAL POLICIES
In what follows, the most relevant policy changes and trends observed in 2017 are summarized below in bullet form. More detailed information is available in the two ensuing tables (available in English only).
Production support: China continued implementing production support policies aimed to trim maize production (along with reforms of the country’s grain reserve system), while encouraging the cultivation of soybeans, rapeseed and other land uses, including fallow periods. To raise the efficiency of its farm support schemes, the country replaced its target price system for soybeans – in place until 2016 – by per hectare payments de-coupled from market prices. In India, minimum support prices for oilcrops saw the customary upward adjustments, but farmers and industry associations maintained that the increases were insufficient to offset higher production costs and stressed that public market interventions remained too small to support the government-set prices. To address situations of rural distress caused by weak commodity prices, a number of compensation schemes were launched at state level. Also other countries maintained their production support programmes, mainly relying on direct payments to farmers and subsidized loan schemes. Brazil also raised its outlays for crop insurance schemes (for the second year in succession), while Indonesia launched a public oil palm rejuvenation programme focused on small growers.
Sector development: Several countries, primarily in the Asia-Pacific region, implemented a variety of sector development measures, targeting in particular coconut and, to a lesser extent, soybean and oil palm production. Typically, these measures were aimed at: i) reducing a country’s import dependence; ii) meeting growing domestic demand; iii) fostering local value addition and raising export earnings; and iv) promoting more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems or pursuing other long-term development objectives. While most initiatives focused on boosting production, strategies to achieve this differed widely and included area expansion, distribution of high-yielding seeds, plantation rejuvenation, promotion of new cultivation methods, and price guarantees.
Pest control measures: In Canada, the EU and the United States, Glyphosate, a widely used but “possibly carcinogenic” herbicide, came under scrutiny, but all three countries concluded that the chemical is not likely to pose health risks. The EU, however, renewed the product’s authorization only for an abbreviated period of five (instead of the customary fifteen) years. Another herbicide, Dicamba, received particular attention from policymakers in the United States for its potentially negative effects on non-resistant crops, triggering state-specific restrictions as well as agreements with manufacturers on protective measures. In the EU, a bacterial infection affecting olive trees remained of concern, prompting renewed efforts to improve early detection, prevention and disease control measures.
Market regulation: Although featuring less prominently in 2017 than in the previous year, a number of countries adjusted price control measures aimed at supporting producers or consumers. Changes in value-added taxes also continued to be used as a policy instrument. Public procurement, stockholding and stock disposal of oilcrops remained in place in China (where public sales of soybeans and rapeseed oil from state reserves shrank compared to previous years, in tandem with the gradual phasing-out of government purchases) as well as in India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. While India scaled up and streamlined its public procurement operations, overall, interventions remained localized and intermittent. Canada renewed provisions to protect farmers from surges in domestic shipping costs.
Food standards: Consistent with similar efforts elsewhere, Canada banned partially hydrogenated oils – the main source of harmful trans fats – from the country’s food chain. Thailand considered to follow suit. In India, a limit on trans fat content has become effective and labelling mandatory. Thresholds for certain types of fat and explicit health claims on product labels also received attention in the United States and Peru. Furthermore, a number of countries introduced food safety measures specifically targeted at vegetable oil adulteration. At the international level, the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission issued its first (non-binding) standard concerning fish oil, in addition to deliberating on modifications to a number of other, existing standards concerning oilcrops and derived products.
vi Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2017
GMO policies: Under broader efforts to facilitate trade with the United States, China renewed the import approval for feed use for seven GM oilseed varieties and granted it for two new ones. The EU and Turkey also authorized the importation of new GM varieties, again exclusively for consumption purposes (i.e. not for cultivation). While Argentina cleared the cultivation of one new GM soybean variety, India further postponed the approval of a locally developed GM mustard seed representing the country’s first GM food crop. On the other hand, Mexico revoked an earlier approval of a GM soybean after detecting unauthorized use. Australia considered compensation of farmers losing their GM-free or organic certification due to GM-rapeseed contamination. As for mandatory labelling of GM content in food products, Canada’s lawmakers rejected corresponding proposals – contrary to the United States, where new regulations to such effect are set to come into force in 2018.
Biofuel policies: A number of countries (comprising Argentina, Indonesia, Thailand and the United States) made adjustments to their biofuel support programmes, while others (Brazil, Canada, the EU and the United Kingdom) embarked on comprehensive reviews of their existing bioenergy policies. The EU remained committed to its cap on crop-based biofuels (which include vegetable oil-based diesel), while progressively replacing them with “second-generation” biofuels. Indonesia continued subsidizing producers of palm-based diesel, but considered spreading subsidies across a larger volume with a view to further stimulate domestic production. Thailand continued modulating its mandatory blending rate in an attempt to stabilize the domestic palm oil price. Argentina suspended its export duty on biodiesel to raise the competitiveness of its exports. The United States considered to either freeze or lower her bioenergy consumption targets for 2018 and 2019, but eventually opted for a marginal rise in the “advanced biofuels” target, which applies to biodiesel. Meanwhile, US lawmakers did not deliberate on the proposed retroactive renewal of the country’s biodiesel tax credit that expired at the end of 2016.
Trade policy measures: Aimed at protecting the interests of domestic producers and consumers, Indonesia’s and Malaysia’s sliding export tax regimes for palm oil remained in place. At the same time, Argentina, Bolivia and India implemented new, non-tariff export promotion measures, while Ukraine’s lawmakers approved a policy change encouraging oil/meal shipments as opposed to oilseed exports.
On the import side, concern with consumer hardship and adequate domestic supplies (including raw material supplies for local processing industries) induced a number of countries to ease trade barriers. Conversely, import barriers were raised elsewhere, especially in India, to protect local farmers and encourage domestic production, but also in a bid to support domestic processors and refiners. Whereas China postponed the implementation of a general non-tariff barrier for bulk vegetable oil imports, it announced a tightening in phytosanitary requirements for soybeans imported from the United States. Moreover, China lifted a non-tariff measure on Argentine soybean oil, as part of wide-ranging talks on balancing trade between the two countries.
Several comprehensive bilateral trade agreements were under negotiation or became effective in 2017 – often involving important oilseed–exporting/importing nations, particularly concerning rapeseed. At a global level, a new international agreement on olive oil took effect. 2017 also saw numerous bilateral oilcrop-specific trade initiatives, especially with regard to palm oil, aimed at: i) export promotion (including measures targeting nascent biodiesel industries); ii) meeting import needs; iii) facilitating the transfer of technical know-how (to tap local processing capacity and stimulate local demand); or iv) addressing a variety of non-tariff barriers.
The WTO ruled on a trade dispute between the EU and Indonesia concerning palm oil fatty alcohols, finding only minor violations of WTO regulation. Separately, in response to a WTO ruling from 2016, the EU lifted anti-dumping duties on imports of soy oil-based biodiesel from Argentina, while the United States imposed both anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties on biodiesel imports from Argentina and Indonesia. Meanwhile, China confirmed the country’s anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties on distillers dried grains (a soymeal substitute) imported from the United States.
Transport infrastructure: Brazil increased its efforts to improve the country’s storage and transport logistics. Reportedly, both public and private investment helped to significantly improve Brazil’s northern road, fluvial and port infrastructure – resulting in total annual shipment capacity of 40 million metric tonnes of grains and a decongestion of the traditional south-bound shipment routes. Moreover, Brazil and China set up a joint investment fund for infrastructure projects, since addressing transport bottlenecks in Brazil has the potential to reduce significantly shipment costs to China, notably for soybeans.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2017 vii
INDUSTRY MEASURES
Voluntary private sector standards continued playing an important role in shaping the global oilseed complex and, in particular, international trade in oilcrops, oils and meals
Sustainable production: Industry standards for sustainable palm oil production kept evolving, as evidenced by several fresh initiatives promoting responsible practices along the palm oil value chain. While a number of stakeholders engaged in programmes to train smallholders on sustainable production practices and support their inclusion in certification, several global agri-trade firms renewed their commitments towards “responsible” and traceable sourcing. In some instances, producers undertook to refrain from the development of environmentally fragile peatland or accepted to restore recently developed peat areas. Furthermore, lending institutions pledged to pay increased attention to environmental/social aspects and started screening applicants from the palm oil industry for their sustainability record. Continued pressure from consumer and other civil society groups contributed strongly to these developments.
The RSPO, the globally used and widely recognized industry-led standard-setting/certification body for palm oil, launched a review of its principles and criteria, expecting to adopt a revised, stricter set of standards in late 2018. Meanwhile, compliance issues prompted the RSPO to take action against specific members for allegedly violating the organization’s codes of practice – instances that observers viewed as important test cases for the RSPO’s ability to uphold its own standards and regulations. The extent to which certification actually contributed to limit deforestation remained subject to debate. As for the further diffusion of certification, industry stakeholders pointed to high audit costs – combined with the lack of consumer awareness and sluggish demand for certified oil – as major hurdles. Indeed RSPO estimates suggest that global supplies of certified palm oil continued to exceed actual sales, with roughly half of all certified produce not finding a buyer. In general, demand for certified produce remained concentrated in a relatively small number of developed countries, with only small progress reported from developing nations – notably large importers like India, China or Pakistan. On a positive note, more buyers moved from sourcing certified palm oil through ‘book & claim’ mechanisms to buying through physical supply chains.
Though much less pronounced, sustainability discussions also concerned other oilcrops. Industry groups in Brazil and the EU forged new alliances to develop a dedicated supply chain for “responsible soy”. Furthermore, independent evaluations of Brazil’s soybean moratorium, which bans financing and trading of soybeans grown on illegally cleared land in the Amazon region, suggested that the ban has contributed to more responsible forms of production expansion. Meanwhile, in Asia, a new public-private initiative aimed at establishing a certified sustainable coconut supply chain. Moreover, the Marine Ingredients Organisation, the body representing the global fishmeal/oil and marine ingredients industry, upgraded its global standard for responsible supply of marine raw materials.
Edible oil standards: Several countries reported efforts to improve authentication and origin identification with a view to prevent fraudulent practices and/or enhance export performance.
Production sustainability: The EU embarked in a controversial discussion on the possible restriction – on environmental grounds – of certain vegetable oil imports earmarked for biodiesel production. Similarly, Norway took steps to end procurement of purportedly unsustainably produced biodiesel. The governments of Indonesia and Malaysia challenged these initiatives; they also launched mandatory national certification schemes for palm oil (as opposed to voluntary certification through The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, RSPO – the globally recognized industry-backed standard setting body for palm oil), citing overly stringent requirements, high certification costs and neglect of smallholders’ concerns. Reportedly, as of December 2017, certification rates and international acceptance levels of the two national schemes were limited. Other noteworthy regulatory measures include Indonesia’s extension of a moratorium aimed at halting deforestation and pollution from forest fires and Peru’s commitment to consult indigenous communities prior to approving palm oil projects that would affect them.
GMO issues: Demand for non-GM soy products has grown further in emerging niche markets in Europe and Asia. Apparently, although non-GM production increased following private investments in dedicated handling and transport facilities, total demand continued to exceed available supplies.
Biofuel measures: As in 2016, various industry initiatives related to biofuels focused on the use of non-edible biodiesel feedstock. These expanded beyond Europe, involving countries in the Americas and Asia-Pacific, often exploring biodiesel production from used cooking oil. In view of global airline CO2 reduction commitments, also aviation-grade vegetable oil-based fuels received increased attention.
International trade: Companies in China announced plans to continue expanding their presence in Brazil, with a view to expanding direct soybean sourcing – a policy complemented by investments in Brazil’s storage and transport infrastructure. Furthermore, Tunisia’s olive oil industry launched a trade promotion programme aiming at the Japanese market.
Markets & finance: To improve price discovery and enhance risk management practices, agricultural commodity exchanges in Asia saw the launch of a soymeal options contract in China as well as castorseed and mustard cake contracts in India. In the United States, the Chicago Board of Trade revised the daily price change limits for soybean/meal contracts, while the EU’s Euronext exchange launched new rapeseed contracts.
Research & Development: Instances of R&D measures concerning oilcrops and derived products appear to have increased considerably in 2017 compared with the previous year. Apart from new oilseed varieties, research focused mainly on product development, covering both food and non-food industrial applications (primarily for soybeans) as well as new feed uses. Developments relevant to disease control included: rapeseed genes resistant to blackleg, a major pest; and soybean rust control strategies in Latin America. Overall, rapeseed featured prominently, accounting for more than a third of all R&D initiatives. High-oleic oilcrop varieties also received a fair amount of attention, given the respective oils’ wholesome health profile, increased shelf-life and high frying capability. Research efforts to improve the yield-potential of the oil palm and coconut palm also continued.
viii Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2017
Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2017 ix
Introduction
L’objectif de ce recueil est de proposer, dans un document unique, une vue d’ensemble des principales évolutions en matière de politiques et des mesures connexes prises par le secteur privé, pertinentes pour les marchés mondiaux et nationaux des graines, des huiles et des farines d’oléagineux au cours d’une année donnée – dans ce cas en 2017.
Le recueil reproduit, sous forme de tableau, tous les articles concernant les politiques et les mesures sectorielles publiés par la FAO tout au long de 2017 dans son Bulletin mensuel Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). Son but principal est de faciliter le travail des décideurs, des experts du marché, des analystes et autres parties intéressées en leur fournissant un aperçu, bref et concis, de l’évolution des politiques pertinentes pour le secteur des cultures oléagineuses à l’échelle nationale, régionale et mondiale.
Même si toutes les précautions ont été prises pour couvrir les évolutions les plus saillantes et les plus pertinentes, la liste des éléments présentés n’est pas exhaustive. En s’appuyant sur diverses sources, le recueil se concentre sur les principaux faits et s’abstient d’évaluer en détail leur impact.
Les informations sont scindées en deux grands groupes: 1) évolutions des politiques mises en œuvre (ou à l’étude) par des gouvernements nationaux et 2) initiatives volontaires du secteur, y compris les mesures prises par des entreprises privées, des associations sectorielles, des groupes de la société civile et des institutions financières et de recherche.
Dans les tableaux, les évolutions des politiques nationales sont regroupées par domaine politique, puis par pays (par ordre alphabétique) et sont accompagnées d’une référence à leur mois de mise en œuvre et aux produits concernés. Les mesures sectorielles sont quant à elles présentées par thème, puis par ordre chronologique, et sont accompagnées d’une indication du pays concerné.
Remerciements: Ce rapport a été préparé par l’équipe oléagineux de la Division des produits et échanges (EST) sous la direction de P. Thoenes et avec l’aide de F. Greb, G. Karumathy et M. Milo. Le soutien de E. Vecchione, qui a formaté ce rapport, est apprécié.
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x Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2017
Faits saillants
Les paragraphes ci-après résument les évolutions des politiques et les tendances les plus pertinentes observées en 2017 sous forme de liste à puces. Des informations plus détaillées sont fournies dans les deux tableaux qui suivent (disponibles en anglais seulement).
POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES
Soutien à la production: La Chine a continué de mettre en œuvre des politiques de soutien à la production en vue de limiter la production de maïs (en parallèle à la réforme du système de réserves céréalières du pays), et d’encourager la culture de soja, de colza et d’autres utilisations des terres, y compris des périodes de jachère. Pour augmenter l’efficacité de ses programmes de soutien agricole, le pays a remplacé son système de prix cible pour le soja – en vigueur jusqu’en 2016 – par des paiements par hectare dissociés des prix du marché. En Inde, les prix minimum de soutien pour les cultures oléagineuses ont été revus à la hausse comme à l’accoutumée, mais selon les agriculteurs et les associations sectorielles, les augmentations ont été insuffisantes pour compenser la hausse des coûts de production et les interventions du secteur public sur les marchés sont restées trop faibles pour soutenir les prix fixés par les pouvoirs publics. Pour faire face aux situations de détresse rurale causées par la faiblesse des prix des denrées, des régimes d›indemnisation ont été lancés au niveau local. D’autres pays ont également maintenu leurs programmes de soutien à la production, principalement fondés sur des paiements directs aux agriculteurs et des systèmes de prêts subventionnés. Le Brésil a également augmenté ses dépenses pour ses régimes d’assurance-récolte (pour la deuxième année consécutive), tandis que l’Indonésie a lancé un programme public de rajeunissement des plantations de palmier à huile axé tout particulièrement sur les petits producteurs.
Développement du secteur: Plusieurs pays, principalement dans la région Asie-Pacifique, ont mis en œuvre diverses mesures de développement du secteur, ciblant en particulier la noix de coco et, dans une moindre mesure, le soja et le palmier à huile. En général, ces mesures visent à: i) réduire la dépendance d’un pays vis-à-vis des importations; ii) augmenter la demande intérieure; iii) favoriser l’ajout de valeur au niveau local et accroître les recettes d’exportation; et iv) promouvoir des systèmes agricoles plus durables et résilients ou poursuivre d’autres objectifs de développement à long terme. Bien que la plupart des initiatives visent à accroître la production, les stratégies pour y parvenir diffèrent considérablement et s’appuient notamment sur: l’expansion des zones cultivées, la distribution de semences à haut rendement, le rajeunissement des plantations, la promotion de nouvelles méthodes de culture, et des garanties en matière de prix.
Mesures de lutte contre les maladies des plantes: Au Canada, dans l’UE et aux États-Unis, l’utilisation du glyphosate, un herbicide largement répandu mais «potentiellement cancérogène», a été remis en question, mais les trois pays ont conclu que ce produit chimique ne semblait pas présenter de risques pour la santé. Néanmoins, l›UE, n’a renouvelé l’autorisation du produit que pour une période réduite de cinq ans (contre quinze ans habituellement). Un autre herbicide, le dicamba, a fait l’objet d’une attention particulière de la part des décideurs aux États-Unis en raison de ses effets potentiellement négatifs sur les cultures non résistantes, ce qui a abouti à des restrictions dans certains états ainsi qu’à des accords avec les fabricants pour la mise en place de mesures de protection. Dans l’UE, une infection bactérienne affectant les oliviers est restée une source de préoccupation et a donné lieu à un regain d’efforts pour améliorer les mesures de détection précoce, de prévention et de lutte contre la maladie.
Réglementation du marché: Plusieurs pays ont ajusté leurs mesures de contrôle des prix visant à soutenir les producteurs ou les consommateurs, bien que dans une moindre mesure qu’en 2016. Les pays ont également continué de recourir à des variations des taxes sur la valeur ajoutée comme instrument de politique. Les programmes d’achats publics, de stockage et d’écoulement des stocks d’oléagineux sont restés en place en Chine (où les ventes publiques de soja et d’huile de colza en provenance des réserves publiques ont diminué par rapport aux années précédentes, parallèlement à la suppression progressive des achats publics) ainsi qu’en Inde, en Indonésie et au Sri Lanka. Bien que l’Inde ait étendu et rationalisé ses opérations d’achat public, dans l’ensemble, les interventions sont restées localisées et intermittentes. Le Canada a renouvelé ses dispositions visant à protéger les agriculteurs contre les flambées des coûts de transport intérieur.
Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2017 xi
Normes alimentaires: Conformément à des initiatives analogues ailleurs, le Canada a interdit les huiles partiellement hydrogénées – la principale source d’acides gras trans nocifs – de la chaîne alimentaire du pays. La Thaïlande envisage de faire de même, alors qu’une obligation d’étiquetage et une limite sur la teneur en acides gras trans sont entrées en vigueur en Inde. Des seuils pour certains types de graisses et des allégations de santé explicites sur les étiquettes des produits ont également fait l’objet d’attention aux États-Unis et au Pérou. En outre, un certain nombre de pays ont adopté des mesures de sécurité sanitaire des aliments spécialement ciblées sur le frelatage des huiles végétales. Au niveau international, la Commission mixte FAO/OMS du Codex Alimentarius a publié sa première norme (non contraignante) sur l’huile de poisson, et a en outre modifié un certain nombre d’autres normes en vigueur portant sur divers graines oléagineuses et leurs produits dérivés.
Politiques en matière d’OGM: Dans le cadre d’efforts plus larges visant à faciliter le commerce avec les États-Unis, la Chine a renouvelé l’autorisation d’importation à des fins d’alimentation animale de sept variétés de graines oléagineuses GM et a accordée une autorisation à deux nouvelles variétés. L’UE et la Turquie ont également autorisé l’importation de nouvelles variétés GM, de nouveau exclusivement à des fins de consommation (c.-à-d. pas à des fins de culture). Alors que l’Argentine a autorisé la culture d’une nouvelle variété de soja GM, l’Inde a encore une fois reporté l’approbation de graines de moutarde GM développées localement, qui représentent la première culture alimentaire GM du pays. En revanche, le Mexique a révoqué l’autorisation précédemment octroyée à un soja GM après la découverte d’utilisations non autorisées. L’Australie envisage d’indemniser les agriculteurs qui ont perdu leurs certifications sans OGM ou biologique en raison d’une contamination par du colza GM. Pour ce qui concerne l’étiquetage obligatoire de la teneur en OGM dans les produits alimentaires, les législateurs du Canada ont rejeté les propositions en la matière – contrairement aux États-Unis, où de nouvelles règlementations à cet effet devraient entrer en vigueur en 2018.
Politiques relatives aux biocarburants: Un certain nombre de pays (y compris l’Argentine, l’Indonésie, la Thaïlande et les États-Unis) ont apporté des modifications à leurs programmes de soutien aux biocarburants, tandis que d’autres (le Brésil, le Canada, l’UE et le Royaume-Uni) ont entamé un examen approfondi de leurs politiques en matière de bioénergie. L’UE est restée fidèle à son plafond en matière de biocarburants d’origine agricole (qui incluent le diesel à base d’huile végétale), tout en favorisant leur remplacement progressif par des biocarburants «de deuxième génération». L’Indonésie a continué de subventionner les producteurs de diesel à base d’huile de palme, mais envisage de répartir ces subventions sur de plus grands volumes en vue de stimuler davantage la production nationale. La Thaïlande a continué de moduler son taux de mélange obligatoire afin de stabiliser les prix locaux de l’huile de palme. L’Argentine a suspendu ses droits à l’exportation sur le biodiesel pour accroître la compétitivité de ses exportations. Les États-Unis ont envisagé de geler ou de réduire leurs cibles en matière de consommation bioénergétique en 2018 et 2019, mais a finalement opté pour une augmentation marginale de la cible «biocarburants avancés», qui s’applique au biodiesel. Pendant ce temps, les législateurs américains n’ont pas délibéré sur la proposition de renouvellement rétroactif du crédit d’impôt accordé au biodiesel qui a expiré fin 2016.
Mesures de politique commerciale: En vue de protéger les intérêts des producteurs et des consommateurs nationaux, l’Indonésie et la Malaisie ont maintenu les régimes de taxes progressives sur les exportations d’huile de palme. Parallèlement, l’Argentine, la Bolivie et l’Inde ont mis en place de nouvelles mesures de promotion des exportations non tarifaires, alors que les législateurs de l’Ukraine ont approuvé un changement de politique favorisant les expéditions d’huiles et de farines plutôt que les exportations de graines oléagineuses.
Pour ce qui est des importations, des préoccupations concernant la précarité de l’offre intérieure (y compris l’offre de matières premières pour les industries de transformation locales) ont incité un certain nombre de pays à assouplir les barrières commerciales. En revanche, d’autres pays ont relevé les barrières à l’importation; cela a été tout particulièrement le cas de l’Inde, en vue non seulement de protéger les agriculteurs locaux et d’encourager la production nationale, mais également de soutenir les transformateurs et raffineurs domestiques. Alors que la Chine a reporté la mise en œuvre d’une barrière générale non tarifaire sur les importations d’huile végétale en vrac, elle a annoncé un resserrement des exigences phytosanitaires pour le soja importé des États-Unis. En outre, la Chine a levé une mesure non tarifaire sur l’huile de soja en provenance d’Argentine, dans le cadre de vastes discussions visant à équilibrer les échanges entre les deux pays.
Plusieurs vastes accords commerciaux bilatéraux sont en cours de négociation ou sont entrés en vigueur en 2017 – concernant souvent d’importants pays exportateurs/importateurs de graines oléagineuses et portant notamment sur le colza. Au niveau mondial, un nouvel accord international sur l’huile d’olive est entré en vigueur. De plus, en 2017, de nombreuses initiatives commerciales bilatérales spécifiques aux produits oléagineux ont vu le jour, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’huile de palme. Ces initiatives visent à: i) promouvoir les exportations (y compris des mesures ciblant les industries naissantes de biodiesel); ii) satisfaire les besoins d’importation; iii) faciliter le transfert des savoir-faire techniques (afin de tirer profit des capacités de transformation locales et de stimuler la demande locale); ou iv) résoudre certains obstacles non tarifaires.
xii Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2017
MESURES ET INITIATIVES SECTORIELLES
L’OMC a rendu une décision sur un différend commercial entre l’UE et l’Indonésie concernant les alcools gras de palme et n’a constaté que des violations mineures du règlement de l’OMC. D’autre part, en réponse à une décision de l’OMC de 2016, l’UE a levé les droits antidumping sur les importations de biodiesel à base de soja en provenance d’Argentine, tandis que les États-Unis ont imposé des droits antidumping et compensateurs sur les importations de biodiesel en provenance d’Argentine et d’Indonésie. Parallèlement, la Chine a confirmé les droits antidumping et compensateurs sur les drêches sèches de distillerie (un substitut de la farine de soja) importées des États-Unis.
Infrastructures de transport: Le Brésil a accru ses efforts visant à améliorer la logistique d’entreposage et de transport. Apparemment, les investissements, public et privé, ont contribué à améliorer considérablement les infrastructures routières, portuaires et fluviales dans le nord du Brésil – faisant passer la capacité annuelle totale d’expédition à 40 millions de tonnes métriques de céréales, ce qui a favorisé un désengorgement des routes d’expédition traditionnelles vers le sud. En outre, le Brésil et la Chine ont mis en place un fonds d’investissement commun pour les projets d’infrastructure, étant donné que le traitement des goulots d’étranglement dans la logistique du transport au Brésil pourrait réduire de façon significative les coûts d’expédition vers la Chine, notamment pour le soja.
Durabilité de la production: L’UE a engagé une discussion controversée sur de possibles restrictions – pour des raisons environnementales – sur les importations de certains huiles végétales destinées à la production de biodiesel. De même, la Norvège a pris des mesures pour mettre fin à l’achat de biodiesel produit de façon supposément non durable. Les gouvernements de l’Indonésie et de la Malaisie ont contesté ces initiatives; ils ont également lancé des systèmes nationaux de certification obligatoire pour l’huile de palme (par opposition à la certification volontaire par le biais de la Table ronde sur l’huile de palme durable, RSPO – organisme de normalisation soutenu par l’industrie et reconnu à l’échelle mondiale), en raison d’exigences trop strictes, de coûts de certification élevés et de l’absence de prise en compte des préoccupations des petits exploitants. Apparemment, en décembre 2017, les taux de certification et les niveaux d’acceptation à l’échelle internationale des deux systèmes nationaux étaient limités. Parmi les autres mesures de réglementation pertinentes figurent: l’extension par l’Indonésie d’un moratoire visant à freiner la déforestation et la pollution provoquées par les feux de forêt; et l’engagement du Pérou à consulter les communautés autochtones avant d’approuver des projets de production d’huile de palme qui pourraient avoir des répercussions sur eux.
Les normes volontaires du secteur privé ont continué de jouer un rôle important dans l’orientation du complexe oléagineux mondial et, en particulier, du commerce international des graines, des huiles et des farines d’oléagineux.
Production durable: Les normes de l’industrie concernant la production durable d’huile de palme ont continué d’évoluer, comme en témoignent plusieurs nouvelles initiatives visant à promouvoir des pratiques responsables le long de la chaîne de valeur de l’huile de palme. Alors qu’un certain nombre de parties prenantes se sont engagées dans des programmes visant à former les petits exploitants aux pratiques de production durable et à les aider à accéder aux certifications, plusieurs entreprises agroalimentaires mondiales ont renouvelé leurs engagements à l’égard d’un approvisionnement «responsable» et traçable. Dans certains cas, les producteurs se sont engagés à s’abstenir de développer leur production sur des tourbières fragiles sur le plan environnemental ou ont accepté de restaurer des zones de tourbe récemment exploitées. En outre, les établissements de crédit se sont engagés à accorder une attention accrue aux aspects sociaux/environnementaux et ont commencé à évaluer les candidats de l’industrie de l’huile de palme en tenant compte de leurs capacités en matière de durabilité. La pression continue exercée par les consommateurs et d’autres groupes de la société civile a fortement contribué à ces évolutions.
La RSPO, l’organisme de normalisation et certification de l’huile de palme largement utilisé et reconnu par l’industrie à l’échelle mondiale, a entrepris un examen de ses principes et critères, et devrait adopter une nouvelle série de normes plus strictes à la fin de 2018. Pendant ce temps, des questions de conformité ont incité la RSPO à prendre des mesures contre certains membres soupçonnés d’avoir enfreint les codes de pratiques de l’organisation – des cas que les observateurs ont considéré comme importants en vue d’apprécier la capacité de la RSPO à défendre ses propres normes et règlements. La mesure dans laquelle la certification a effectivement contribué à limiter la déforestation reste soumise à débat. Concernant la diffusion plus large de la certification, les parties prenantes de l’industrie ont signalé que les coûts élevés de vérification – combinés à l’absence de sensibilisation des consommateurs et à la faiblesse de la demande d’huile certifiée – constituaient des obstacles majeurs. En effet, les chiffres de la RSPO suggèrent que l’offre mondiale d’huile de palme certifiée reste supérieure aux ventes réelles, et qu’environ la moitié de tous les produits certifiés ne trouve pas d’acheteur. En général, la demande de produits certifiés reste concentrée dans un nombre relativement peu élevé de pays développés, et elle ne progresse que lentement dans les pays en développement – en particulier de grands pays importateurs comme l’Inde, la Chine ou le Pakistan. Sur une note positive, davantage d’acheteurs se sont approvisionnés en huile de palme certifiée directement par le biais de chaînes d’approvisionnement physiques plutôt que par des mécanismes de certificats négociables («book & claim»).
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Bien que moins prononcé, les discussions sur la durabilité ont également porté sur d’autres oléagineux. Certains groupes de l’industrie au Brésil et dans l’UE ont forgé de nouvelles alliances afin de développer une chaîne d’approvisionnement spécifique pour le «soja responsable». Par ailleurs, des évaluations indépendantes du moratoire du Brésil sur le soja, qui interdit le financement et le commerce du soja cultivé sur des terres défrichées illégalement dans la région amazonienne, ont suggéré que l’interdiction avait contribué à des formes plus responsables d’expansion de la production. En Asie, une nouvelle initiative publique-privée a été lancée en vue d’établir une chaîne d’approvisionnement durable et certifiée pour la noix de coco. En outre, la Marine Ingredients Organisation, l’organisation internationale des producteurs d’huile et de farine de poisson, a amélioré sa norme mondiale concernant l’approvisionnement responsable en matières premières marines.
Normes sur les huiles comestibles: Plusieurs pays ont signalé des efforts visant à améliorer l’authentification et l’identification d’origine en vue de prévenir les pratiques frauduleuses et/ou d’accroître les exportations.
Questions concernant les OGM: La demande pour les produits à base de soja non-OGM s’est encore accrue sur les nouveaux marchés de niche en Europe et en Asie. Apparemment, bien que la production non-OGM ait augmenté à la suite d’investissements privés dans des installations de manutention et de transport spécifiques, la demande totale est restée supérieure à l’offre disponible.
Mesures portant sur les biocarburants: Comme en 2016, diverses initiatives de l’industrie relatives aux biocarburants se sont concentrées sur l’utilisation de matières premières non comestibles pour la fabrication de biodiesel. Ces initiatives se sont élargies au-delà de l’Europe, et concernent désormais des pays dans les Amériques et en Asie-Pacifique, qui s’intéressent notamment à la production de biodiesel à partir d’huile de cuisson usagée. Compte tenu des engagements de réduction des émissions de CO2 du transport aérien, les combustibles de qualité aéronautique à base d’huile végétale ont également fait l’objet d’une attention accrue.
Commerce international: Des sociétés en Chine ont annoncé leur intention de continuer à renforcer leur présence au Brésil, en vue d’accroître leur approvisionnement direct en soja – une stratégie appuyée par des investissements dans les infrastructures de stockage et de transport au Brésil. Par ailleurs, en Tunisie, l’industrie de l’huile d’olive a lancé un programme de promotion des échanges ciblé sur le marché japonais.
Marchés et finance: Afin d’améliorer le processus de détermination des prix et les pratiques de gestion des risques, les bourses agricoles en Asie ont lancé un contrat d’options sur la farine de soja en Chine ainsi que des contrats sur les tourteaux de graines de ricin et de moutarde en Inde. Aux États-Unis, le Chicago Board of Trade a révisé les limites quotidiennes de variation des prix pour les contrats portant sur les farines/tourteaux de soja, tandis que dans l’UE, la bourse Euronext a lancé de nouveaux contrats sur le colza.
Recherche et développement: Les mesures de R&D concernant les cultures oléagineuses et leurs produits dérivés semblent avoir considérablement augmenté en 2017 par rapport à l’année précédente. Outre les nouvelles variétés de graines oléagineuses, la recherche a porté principalement sur le développement de nouveaux produits, aussi bien à des fins alimentaires que pour des applications industrielles (principalement pour le soja) ou de nouvelles utilisations fourragères. Parmi les faits nouveaux concernant la lutte contre les maladies figurent: des gènes du colza résistant au charbon bactérien, un important ravageur; et des stratégies de lutte contre la rouille du soja en Amérique latine. Dans l’ensemble, le colza a occupé une place importante des stratégies de R&D, soit plus d’un tiers de l’ensemble des initiatives en la matière. Les variétés d’oléagineux à teneur élevée en acide oléique ont également fait l’objet d’une attention particulière, en raison des caractéristiques salutaires des huiles tirées de ces variétés, de leur durée de vie accrue et de leur haute capacité de friture. De plus, les efforts en matière de recherche déployés pour améliorer le potentiel de rendement des palmiers à l’huile et des cocotiers ont été maintenus.
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Introducción
La finalidad de este compendio es facilitar, en un único documento, un panorama general de los principales cambios de política y medidas conexas adoptadas por el sector privado en relación con los mercados mundial y nacionales de semillas oleaginosas, aceites, grasas y harinas en un año determinado, en este caso 2017.
El compendio reproduce, en forma tabular, todas las políticas y noticias del sector industrial aparecidas durante 2017 en la publicación FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). El objetivo principal es facilitar la labor de los responsables de las políticas, expertos de mercado, analistas y otras partes interesadas, proporcionándoles un panorama general breve y conciso de las novedades de política pertinentes a la industria de las semillas oleaginosas a nivel mundial, regional y nacional.
Aunque se ha hecho todo lo posible para cubrir las novedades más destacadas y pertinentes, la lista de noticias presentadas no es exhaustiva. Basándose en una variedad de fuentes, los informes presentados se concentran en factores clave, absteniéndose de evaluaciones profundas sobre su impacto.
Las noticias se presentan divididas en dos grupos principales: 1) cambios de política aplicados (u objeto de examen) por los gobiernos nacionales, y 2) iniciativas voluntarias del sector industrial, que incluyen las medidas adoptadas por las empresas privadas, asociaciones del sector, grupos de la sociedad civil e instituciones de investigación y financieras.
En los cuadros, las novedades en materia de políticas nacionales se agrupan por ámbitos de política y por países (en orden alfabético), incluidas las referencias al mes de aplicación y al producto de interés. Por otro lado, las medidas del sector industrial se presentan por tema y en orden cronológico, con indicación del país involucrado.
Agradacimientos: Este informe ha sido elaborado por el equipo semillas oleaginosas de la Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST), bajo la dirección de P. Thoenes y con la ayuda de F. Greb, G. Karumathy y M. Milo. Se agradece el apoyo de E. Vecchione que formateó este informe.
©/Flickr Ann Berlin
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2017 xv
Apoyo a la producción: China continuó aplicando políticas de apoyo a la producción destinadas a recortar la producción de maíz (junto con reformas del sistema nacional de reservas de cereales), alentando al mismo tiempo el cultivo de soja, colza y otros usos de la tierra, incluidos los períodos de barbecho. Para aumentar la eficacia de sus programas de apoyo a las explotaciones agrícolas, el país sustituyó su sistema de precios indicativos para la soja – en vigor hasta 2016 – por pagos por hectárea disociados de los precios de mercado. En la India, los precios mínimos para los cultivos oleaginosos fueron objeto de los ajustes al alza habituales, sin embargo los agricultores y las asociaciones industriales sostuvieron que los aumentos eran insuficientes para compensar el incremento de los costos de producción y subrayaron que las intervenciones en el mercado público seguían siendo demasiado pequeñas para sostener los precios fijados por el Gobierno. Para hacer frente a las situaciones de crisis rural causadas por la debilidad de los precios de los productos básicos, se pusieron en marcha varios sistemas de compensación a nivel estatal. También otros países mantuvieron sus programas de apoyo a la producción, basados principalmente en pagos directos a los agricultores y en programas de préstamos subvencionados. El Brasil también aumentó los desembolsos para programas de seguro de las cosechas (por segundo año consecutivo), mientras que Indonesia puso en marcha un programa público de rejuvenecimiento de la palma aceitera centrado en los pequeños productores.
Desarrollo del sector: Varios países, principalmente de la región de Asia y el Pacífico, aplicaron diversas medidas de desarrollo del sector, centradas en particular en el coco y, en menor medida, en la soja y la palma aceitera. Por lo general, estas medidas tenían por objeto: i) reducir la dependencia de las importaciones del país; ii) satisfacer la creciente demanda interna; iii) fomentar el valor añadido local y aumentar los ingresos de exportación; y iv) promover sistemas agrícolas más sostenibles y resilientes o perseguir otros objetivos de desarrollo a largo plazo. Aunque la mayoría de las iniciativas se centraron en impulsar la producción, las estrategias para lograrlo difirieron ampliamente e incluyeron la expansión de la superficie, la distribución de semillas de alto rendimiento, el rejuvenecimiento de las plantaciones, la promoción de nuevos métodos de cultivo y la garantía de precios.
Medidas de lucha contra las plagas: En el Canadá, los Estados Unidos y la UE, el glifosato, un herbicida ampliamente utilizado aunque “posiblemente cancerígeno”, se sometió a examen, pero los tres países llegaron a la conclusión de que era probable que el producto químico no planteara riesgos para la salud. Sin embargo, la UE renovó la autorización del producto sólo por un período abreviado de cinco años (en lugar de los quince habituales). Otro herbicida, Dicamba, recibió especial atención en los Estados Unidos debido sus efectos potencialmente negativos en los cultivos no resistentes, lo que dio lugar a restricciones estatales específicas y a acuerdos con los fabricantes en relación con las medidas de protección. En la UE, la infección bacteriana que afecta a los olivos siguió siendo motivo de preocupación, lo que dio lugar a nuevos esfuerzos por mejorar las medidas de detección precoz, prevención y control de la enfermedad.
Regulación del mercado: Aunque en 2017 tuvieron menos importancia que en el año anterior, varios países ajustaron las medidas de control de precios con el fin de apoyar a los productores o a los consumidores. Los cambios en los impuestos sobre el valor añadido también siguieron utilizándose como instrumento de política. Las compras públicas, el almacenamiento y las ventas en subastas se mantuvieron en China (donde las ventas públicas de soja y aceite de colza procedentes de las reservas estatales se redujeron en comparación con años anteriores, junto con la eliminación gradual de las compras públicas), así como en la India, Indonesia y Sri Lanka. Si bien la India amplió y simplificó sus operaciones de contratación pública, en general las intervenciones siguieron siendo localizadas e intermitentes. El Canadá renovó sus disposiciones para proteger a los agricultores contra el aumento de los costos de expedición internos.
Aspectos más destacados
En las siguientes líneas se presentan de manera resumida los cambios de política y tendencias más relevantes observadas en 2017. En los cuadros que figuran a continuación (disponibles sólo en inglés) se proporciona información más detallada.
POLÍTICAS GUBERNAMENTALES
xvi Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2017
Normas alimentarias: En consonancia con esfuerzos similares desplegados en otros lugares, el Canadá prohibió el uso de aceites parcialmente hidrogenados – que son la principal fuente de grasas trans nocivas – en la cadena alimentaria nacional. Tailandia consideró seguir el ejemplo, mientras que en la India se impuso tanto un límite al contenido de grasas trans, así como el etiquetado obligatorio. Los umbrales para ciertos tipos de grasa y las declaraciones explícitas de propiedades saludables en las etiquetas de los productos también recibieron atención en los Estados Unidos y el Perú. Además, varios países introdujeron medidas de inocuidad de los alimentos dirigidas específicamente a luchar contra la adulteración de los aceites vegetales. A nivel internacional, la Comisión FAO/OMS del Codex Alimentarius publicó su primera norma (no vinculante) relativa al aceite de pescado, además de deliberar sobre modificaciones de otras normas existentes relativas a los cultivos oleaginosos y los productos derivados.
Políticas en materia de OMG: En el marco de amplios esfuerzos para facilitar el comercio con los Estados Unidos, China renovó la autorización de importación para uso para piensos de siete variedades de semillas oleaginosas modificadas genéticamente y la concedió para dos nuevas variedades. La UE y Turquía también autorizaron la importación de nuevas variedades transgénicas, exclusivamente con fines de consumo (es decir, no para cultivo). Mientras que la Argentina autorizó el cultivo de una nueva variedad de soja transgénica, la India volvió a postergar la aprobación de una semilla de mostaza transgénica desarrollada localmente que representaba el primer cultivo alimentario transgénico del país. Por otra parte, México revocó una aprobación anterior de una soja transgénica después de detectar un uso no autorizado. Australia consideró la posibilidad de compensar a los agricultores que perdieran su certificación de libres de transgénicos, o de orgánicos debido a la contaminación por semillas de colza transgénica. En cuanto al etiquetado obligatorio del contenido de transgénicos en los productos alimenticios, los legisladores canadienses rechazaron las propuestas correspondientes, contrariamente a los Estados Unidos, donde se prevé que las nuevas reglamentaciones a tal efecto entren en vigor en 2018.
Políticas en material de biocombustibles: Varios países (entre ellos la Argentina, los Estados Unidos, Indonesia y Tailandia) introdujeron ajustes en sus programas de apoyo a los biocombustibles, mientras que otros (el Brasil, el Canadá, el Reino Unido y la UE) emprendieron exámenes exhaustivos de sus políticas actuales en materia de bioenergía. La UE mantuvo su compromiso de limitar el consumo de biocombustibles obtenidos a partir de cultivos (que incluyen el diésel derivado de aceites vegetales), sustituyéndolos progresivamente por biocombustibles de “segunda generación”. Indonesia continuó subvencionando a los productores de diésel a base de palma, pero consideró la posibilidad de extender las subvenciones a un volumen mayor con miras a estimular aún más la producción nacional. Tailandia siguió ajustando su tasa de mezcla obligatoria en un intento por estabilizar el precio nacional del aceite de palma. La Argentina suspendió sus derechos de exportación sobre el biodiesel para aumentar la competitividad de sus exportaciones. Los Estados Unidos consideraron la posibilidad de congelar o reducir sus objetivos de consumo de bioenergía para 2018 y 2019, pero finalmente optaron por un aumento marginal del objetivo de los “biocombustibles avanzados”, que se aplica al biodiesel. Mientras tanto, los legisladores estadounidenses no deliberaron sobre la propuesta de renovación retroactiva del crédito fiscal al biodiesel en el país, que expiró a finales de 2016.
Medidas de política comercial: Con el fin de proteger los intereses de los productores y consumidores nacionales, se mantuvieron los regímenes impositivos móviles para las exportaciones de aceite de palma en Indonesia y Malasia. Al mismo tiempo, la Argentina, Bolivia y la India aplicaron nuevas medidas no arancelarias de promoción de las exportaciones, mientras que los legisladores de Ucrania aprobaron un cambio de política para fomentar los envíos de aceite y harina, en contraposición a las exportaciones de semillas oleaginosas.
Por lo que respecta a las importaciones, la preocupación por las dificultades de los consumidores y los suministros nacionales adecuados (incluidos los suministros de materias primas para las industrias de transformación locales) indujo a varios países a reducir las barreras comerciales. Por el contrario, se erigieron barreras a la importación en otros lugares, especialmente en la India, para proteger a los agricultores locales y fomentar la producción nacional, pero también en un intento de apoyar a los elaboradores y refinadores nacionales. Si bien China postergó la aplicación de una barrera no arancelaria general para las importaciones de aceite vegetal a granel, el país anunció un endurecimiento de los requisitos fitosanitarios para la soja importada de los Estados Unidos. Además, China suprimió una medida no arancelaria sobre el aceite de soja argentino, como parte de amplias conversaciones sobre el equilibrio comercial entre ambos países.
En 2017 se negociaron o entraron en vigor varios acuerdos comerciales bilaterales de gran alcance, en los que a menudo participaron importantes países exportadores e importadores de semillas oleaginosas y que se referían en particular a la colza. A nivel mundial, entró en vigor un nuevo acuerdo internacional sobre el aceite de oliva. En 2017 también se llevaron a cabo numerosas iniciativas comerciales bilaterales específicas para los cultivos oleaginosos, especialmente con respecto al aceite de palma, dirigidas a: i) la promoción de las exportaciones (incluidas las medidas destinadas a las industrias nacientes de biodiesel); ii) la satisfacción de las necesidades de importación; iii) la facilitación de la transferencia de conocimientos técnicos (para aprovechar la capacidad de elaboración local y estimular la demanda local); o iv) la eliminación de una serie de barreras no arancelarias.
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2017 xvii
MEDIDAS E INICIATIVAS DEL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL
La OMC se pronunció sobre un litigio comercial entre la UE e Indonesia relativo a los alcoholes grasos de aceite de palma, encontrando sólo violaciones menores de la reglamentación de la OMC. Por otra parte, en respuesta a un fallo de la OMC de 2016, la UE levantó los derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de biodiesel a base de soja procedentes de Argentina, mientras que los Estados Unidos impusieron derechos antidumping y antisubvenciones sobre las importaciones de biodiesel procedentes de Argentina e Indonesia. Mientras tanto, China confirmó los derechos antidumping y antisubvenciones del país sobre los residuos desecados de destilería (un sustituto de la harina de soja) importados de los Estados Unidos.
Infraestructura de transporte: El Brasil intensificó sus esfuerzos para mejorar la logística de almacenamiento y transporte del país. Según se informa, tanto la inversión pública como la privada contribuyeron a mejorar considerablemente la infraestructura vial, fluvial y portuaria del norte del Brasil – lo que dio lugar a una capacidad total anual de transporte de 40 millones de toneladas de granos y a una descongestión de las rutas tradicionales de transporte hacia el sur. Además, el Brasil y China crearon un fondo de inversión conjunto para proyectos de infraestructura, ya que abordar los cuellos de botella del transporte en el Brasil puede reducir de manera significativa los costos de envío a China, especialmente para la soja.
Sostenibilidad de la producción: La UE entabló un debate controvertido sobre la posible restricción – por razones medioambientales – de determinadas importaciones de aceite vegetal destinadas a la producción de biodiesel. Asimismo, Noruega adoptó medidas para poner fin a la adquisición de biodiesel supuestamente no sostenible. Los gobiernos de Indonesia y Malasia objetaron estas iniciativas; también lanzaron sistemas de certificación nacionales obligatorios para el aceite de palma (a diferencia de la certificación voluntaria a través de la Mesa redonda sobre el aceite de palma sostenible, RSPO – el órgano de establecimiento de normas para el aceite de palma respaldado por la industria y reconocido mundialmente), aduciendo requisitos demasiado estrictos, altos costos de certificación y la falta de atención a las preocupaciones de los pequeños productores. Según se informa, en diciembre de 2017, las tasas de certificación y los niveles de aceptación internacional de los dos sistemas nacionales eran limitados. Otras medidas regulatorias dignas de mención son la extensión por parte de Indonesia de una moratoria destinada a detener la deforestación y la contaminación por incendios forestales y el compromiso del Perú de consultar a las comunidades indígenas antes de aprobar proyectos relacionados con el aceite de palma que las afecten.
Las normas voluntarias del sector privado siguieron desempeñando un papel importante en la conformación del sector mundial de semillas oleaginosas y, en particular, en el comercio internacional de semillas oleaginosas, aceites y harinas.
Producción sostenible: Las normas del sector industrial para el aceite de palma sostenible siguieron evolucionando, como lo evidencian varias iniciativas nuevas que promueven prácticas responsables a lo largo de la cadena de valor del aceite de palma. Mientras que varias partes interesadas se comprometieron en programas para capacitar a los pequeños agricultores en prácticas de producción sostenible y apoyar su inclusión en la certificación, varias empresas agro-comerciales internacionales renovaron sus compromisos con el abastecimiento “responsable” y trazable. En algunos casos, los productores se comprometieron a abstenerse de desarrollar turberas frágiles desde el punto de vista ambiental o aceptaron restaurar zonas de turba recientemente desarrolladas. Además, las instituciones crediticias se comprometieron a prestar mayor atención a los aspectos ambientales y sociales y comenzaron a seleccionar a los solicitantes de la industria del aceite de palma tomando en cuenta su historial de sostenibilidad. La constante presión de asociaciones de consumidores y de otros grupos de la sociedad civil contribuyó en gran medida a esta evolución.
La RSPO, el órgano de establecimiento de normas y certificación para el aceite de palma mundialmente utilizado y dirigido por la industria, inició una revisión de sus principios y criterios, esperando adoptar un conjunto de normas revisadas y más estrictas a finales de 2018. Mientras tanto, problemas de cumplimiento impulsaron a la RSPO a tomar medidas contra algunos miembros por presunta violación de los códigos de práctica de la organización – casos que los observadores consideraron importantes pruebas de la capacidad de la RSPO de hacer cumplir sus propias normas y reglamentos. La medida en que la certificación contribuyó realmente a limitar la deforestación siguió siendo objeto de debate. En cuanto a la mayor difusión de la certificación, las partes interesadas de la industria señalaron como obstáculos principales a los altos costos de auditoría, combinados con la falta de conciencia de los consumidores y la débil demanda de aceite certificado. De hecho, las cifras de la RSPO sugieren que la oferta mundial de aceite de palma certificado siguiera superando las ventas reales, dado que aproximadamente la mitad de todos los productos certificados no encontraron comprador. En general, la demanda de productos certificados siguió concentrándose en un número relativamente pequeño de países desarrollados, y sólo se registraron moderados aumentos en los países en desarrollo, en particular en los grandes importadores como la India, China o el Pakistán. Como aspecto positivo, más compradores pasaron de abastecerse de aceite de palma certificado a través de los mecanismos “book & claim” a comprar a través de cadenas de suministro físicas.
Aunque mucho menos importantes, los debates sobre la sostenibilidad también se centraron en otros cultivos oleaginosos. Grupos industriales del Brasil y la UE forjaron nuevas alianzas para desarrollar una cadena de suministro dedicada a la “soja responsable”. Además, evaluaciones independientes de la moratoria de la soja en el Brasil, que prohíbe el financiamiento y el comercio de soja cultivada en tierras ilegalmente desbrozadas en la región amazónica, sugieren que la prohibición ha contribuido a formas más responsables de aumento de la producción. Mientras tanto, en Asia, una nueva iniciativa público-privada apuntaba a establecer una cadena de suministro de coco sostenible certificada. Además, la Marine Ingredients Organisation, el organismo que representa a la industria mundial de harina y aceite de pescado e ingredientes marinos, mejoró su norma mundial para el suministro responsable de materias primas marinas.
Normas para aceites comestibles: Varios países comunicaron que se habían adoptado medidas para mejorar la autenticación y determinación del origen con miras a prevenir las prácticas fraudulentas y/o mejorar los resultados de las exportaciones.
Cuestiones relativas a los OMG: La demanda de productos de soja no modificados genéticamente ha crecido aún más en los mercados especializados emergentes de Europa y Asia. Aparentemente, aunque la producción de productos no modificados genéticamente aumentó gracias a las inversiones privadas en servicios específicos para la manipulación y el transporte, la demanda total siguió superando la oferta disponible.
Medidas relativas a los biocombustibles: Al igual que en 2016, varias iniciativas industriales relacionadas con los biocombustibles se centraron en el uso de materias primas no comestibles para la producción de biodiesel. Estas se expandieron más allá de Europa, involucrando a países de las Américas y de Asia y el Pacífico, a menudo explorando la producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite de cocina usado. En vista de los compromisos mundiales de reducción de las emisiones de CO2 de las compañías aéreas, también se prestó mayor atención a los combustibles derivados de aceites vegetales para la aviación.
Comercio internacional: Algunas empresas de China anunciaron planes para seguir expandiendo su presencia en el Brasil, con miras a ampliar el abastecimiento directo de soja – una política complementada por las inversiones en infraestructura de almacenamiento y transporte en el Brasil. Además, la industria del aceite de oliva tunecina puso en marcha un programa de promoción comercial destinado al mercado japonés.
Mercados y finanzas: Para mejorar la determinación de los precios y reforzar las prácticas de gestión de riesgos, las bolsas de productos básicos agrícolas de Asia lanzaron un contrato de opciones de harina de soja en China, así como contratos de tortas de semillas de ricino y mostaza en la India. En los Estados Unidos, la bolsa Chicago Board of Trade revisó los límites de cambio de precios diarios para los contratos de soja/harina, mientras que la bolsa Euronext de la UE lanzó nuevos contratos de semillas de colza.
Investigación y desarrollo: Los ejemplos de medidas de investigación y desarrollo relativas a los cultivos oleaginosos y productos derivados parecen haber aumentado considerablemente en 2017 en comparación con el año anterior. Además de las nuevas variedades de semillas oleaginosas, la investigación se centró principalmente en el desarrollo de productos, abarcando tanto aplicaciones industriales alimentarias como no alimentarias (principalmente para la soja), así como nuevos usos para piensos. Entre los avances relacionados con el control de las plagas figuran los genes de la colza resistentes al carbunco sintomático, una de las principales plagas, así como las estrategias de control de la roya de la soja en América Latina. En general, la colza ocupó un lugar destacado, representando más de un tercio de todas las actividades de investigación y desarrollo. Las variedades de cultivos oleaginosos de alto contenido de ácido graso oleico también recibieron bastante atención, dado el perfil saludable de los respectivos aceites, su mayor vida útil y su alta aptitud para la fritura. También continuaron los esfuerzos de investigación para mejorar el potencial de rendimiento de la palma aceitera y la palma de coco.
xviii Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2017
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 1
Indu
stry
mea
sure
s an
d in
itiat
ives
IND
UST
RY S
TAN
DAR
DS
-
Sus
tain
able
oil
palm
-
Sus
tain
able
soy
-
Sus
tain
able
coc
onut
-
Sus
tain
able
fish
oil/m
eal
-
Foo
d pr
oduc
tsG
MO
ISSU
ESBI
OFU
EL /
BIO
ENER
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OVE
RSEA
S IN
VEST
MEN
T &
TRAD
E PR
OM
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ON
TRAN
SPO
RT IN
FRAS
TRU
CTU
REM
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TS &
FIN
ANC
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SEAR
CH
& D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
-
Pes
t con
trol
-
Var
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l res
earc
h
- P
rodu
ct d
evel
opm
ent
Gov
ernm
ent p
olic
ies
AGRI
CU
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RAL
SUPP
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PO
LIC
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-
Pro
duct
ion
supp
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-
Sec
tor d
evel
opm
ent m
easu
res
-
Pes
t con
trol m
easu
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and
regu
latio
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f mea
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sBI
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OLI
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SM
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T PO
LIC
IES
-
Mar
ket r
egul
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n
- P
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pro
cure
men
t & s
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hold
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TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
-
Impo
rt m
easu
res
- non
-tar
iff
- Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levi
es
- E
xpor
t mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& n
on-t
ariff
-
Tra
de d
ispu
tes
-
Com
preh
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ve tr
ade
agre
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ts
- P
rodu
ct-s
peci
fic b
ilate
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nitia
tives
FOO
D S
TAN
DAR
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& FO
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SAF
ETY
POLI
CIE
SFE
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TAN
DAR
DS
GM
O P
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CIE
SO
THER
PO
LIC
IES
-
Pro
duct
ion
sust
aina
bilit
y
- C
onsu
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ion
taxe
s
- S
ocia
l pol
icie
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rans
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infra
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ctur
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Tabl
e 1.
O
verv
iew
of d
omai
ns c
over
ed
2 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
Tabl
e 2.
G
over
nmen
t pol
icie
s im
plem
ente
d in
201
7
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
1AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Arge
ntin
aM
aySo
ybea
nAr
gent
ina’
s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
det
erm
ined
that
the
subs
idy
prov
ided
to s
oybe
an fa
rmer
s in
the
coun
try’s
disa
dvan
tage
s no
rther
n re
gion
s w
ill am
ount
to A
RS 2
90 p
er to
nne
(USD
18)
. Fa
rmer
s pro
duci
ng u
p to
2 0
00 to
nnes
will
be en
title
d to
hav
e the
ir en
tire p
rodu
ctio
n su
bsid
ized,
w
here
as c
aps
will
be a
pplie
d to
larg
er p
rodu
cers
. For
the
2016
/17
cam
paig
n, th
e G
over
nmen
t bu
dget
ed to
tal o
utla
ys u
nder
the
prog
ram
me
at A
RS 1
000
milli
on (U
SD 6
2.9
milli
on).
As p
art
of e
fforts
to re
vita
lize
the
econ
omy
of th
e co
untry
’s no
rther
n re
gion
s, th
e G
over
nmen
t als
o aw
arde
d ne
w c
ontra
cts
to la
y ra
ilway
trac
ks in
the
prov
ince
s of
Juj
uy a
nd S
alta
. Arg
entin
a’s
north
ern
prov
ince
s ar
e vi
ewed
as
one
of th
e fe
w a
reas
with
pot
entia
l for
gra
in a
nd o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion
to e
xpan
d, e
spec
ially
ass
umin
g im
prov
ed tr
ansp
ort i
nfra
stru
ctur
e. C
urre
ntly,
the
regi
on a
ccou
nts
for a
bout
10
perc
ent o
f nat
iona
l soy
bean
out
put.
2AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Bra
zil p
rese
nted
its
pre-
crop
fina
ncin
g sc
hem
e fo
r the
201
7/18
cro
p ye
ar.
The
prog
ram
me
will
allo
w m
ediu
m-s
ized
prod
ucer
s to
pur
chas
e ag
ricul
tura
l inp
uts
(see
ds,
ferti
lizer
s an
d pe
stic
ides
) for
the
2017
/18
seas
on a
t a p
refe
rent
ial i
nter
est r
ate
of 8
.5 p
erce
nt.
This
yea
r’s c
redi
t lin
e w
ill to
tal B
RL 1
2 bi
llion
(USD
3.8
3 bi
llion)
– u
p 20
per
cent
from
last
ye
ar’s
leve
l. Th
e m
axim
um a
mou
nt e
ach
farm
er c
an b
orro
w h
as b
een
set a
t BRL
780
000
(U
SD 2
50 0
00).
3AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilJu
neAg
ricul
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l cr
ops
The
gove
rnm
ent o
f Bra
zil p
rese
nted
its a
gric
ultu
ral s
uppo
rt pa
ckag
e fo
r the
201
7/18
seas
on. I
n th
e fo
rthco
min
g se
ason
, com
mer
cial
farm
ing
will
be g
rant
ed a
cces
s to
loan
s w
orth
BRL
188
.3
billio
n (U
SD 5
7.9
billio
n) –
a 2
.5 p
erce
nt in
crea
se f
rom
last
yea
r’s le
vel,
whi
ch,
how
ever
, co
mpa
res
to a
201
6-20
17 in
flatio
n ra
te o
f abo
ut 4
per
cent
. In
2017
/18,
abo
ut 8
0 pe
rcen
t of
agr
icul
tura
l fu
ndin
g w
ill be
allo
tted
to l
oans
for
pro
duct
ion
and
mar
ketin
g op
erat
ions
an
d 20
per
cent
to o
n-fa
rm in
vest
men
t loa
ns. T
he la
tter w
ill at
tract
mos
t of t
he y
ear-o
n-ye
ar
incr
ease
in fi
nanc
ial r
esou
rces
, with
spe
cial
atte
ntio
n gi
ven
to in
vest
men
ts in
on-
farm
sto
ck-
hold
ing
faci
litie
s an
d im
prov
ed p
rodu
ctio
n te
chno
logi
es. O
vera
ll, s
ome
80 p
erce
nt o
f the
loan
s w
ill be
pro
vide
d at
con
cess
iona
l int
eres
t rat
es o
f 7.5
–8.5
per
cent
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to ra
tes
of 8
.5–9
.5 p
erce
nt a
pplie
d la
st s
easo
n. T
he re
mai
nder
will
be o
ffere
d at
mar
ket r
ates
– w
ith
the
Cen
tral B
ank’
s be
nchm
ark
rate
sta
ndin
g at
10.
25 p
erce
nt in
May
201
7. T
he b
orro
win
g lim
its fo
r ind
ivid
ual f
arm
hou
seho
lds
will
rem
ain
unch
ange
d fro
m la
st y
ear.
Sepa
rate
from
the
abov
e lo
an p
rogr
amm
es, t
he G
over
nmen
t ple
dged
to ra
ise
publ
ic o
utla
ys fo
r cro
p in
sura
nce
subs
idie
s fo
r the
sec
ond
year
in s
ucce
ssio
n (re
achi
ng B
RL 5
50 m
illion
, or U
SD 1
69 m
illion
), w
hile
fund
s sp
ecifi
cally
ear
mar
ked
for
fam
ily fa
rms
will
rem
ain
unal
tere
d at
BRL
30
billio
n (U
SD 9
.21
billio
n).
4AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naM
arch
Arab
le c
rops
In a
pol
icy
stat
emen
t, th
e G
over
nmen
t of C
hina
con
firm
ed e
arlie
r pla
ns to
gra
dual
ly m
odify
the
coun
try’s
crop
stru
ctur
e, e
ncou
ragi
ng fa
rmer
s to
exp
and
soyb
ean
prod
uctio
n as
wel
l as
mai
ze
prod
uctio
n fo
r sila
ge, w
hile
redu
cing
mai
ze p
rodu
ctio
n fo
r gra
in (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e &
Nov
.’16)
. As
to th
e na
tion-
wid
e ta
rget
pric
e fo
r soy
bean
s an
d H
eilo
ngjia
ng’s
soyb
ean
prod
uctio
n su
bsid
y, no
adj
ustm
ents
hav
e be
en a
nnou
nced
in p
repa
ratio
n of
the
forth
com
ing
2017
/18
plan
tings
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 3
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
1AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Arge
ntin
aM
aySo
ybea
nAr
gent
ina’
s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
det
erm
ined
that
the
subs
idy
prov
ided
to s
oybe
an fa
rmer
s in
the
coun
try’s
disa
dvan
tage
s no
rther
n re
gion
s w
ill am
ount
to A
RS 2
90 p
er to
nne
(USD
18)
. Fa
rmer
s pro
duci
ng u
p to
2 0
00 to
nnes
will
be en
title
d to
hav
e the
ir en
tire p
rodu
ctio
n su
bsid
ized,
w
here
as c
aps
will
be a
pplie
d to
larg
er p
rodu
cers
. For
the
2016
/17
cam
paig
n, th
e G
over
nmen
t bu
dget
ed to
tal o
utla
ys u
nder
the
prog
ram
me
at A
RS 1
000
milli
on (U
SD 6
2.9
milli
on).
As p
art
of e
fforts
to re
vita
lize
the
econ
omy
of th
e co
untry
’s no
rther
n re
gion
s, th
e G
over
nmen
t als
o aw
arde
d ne
w c
ontra
cts
to la
y ra
ilway
trac
ks in
the
prov
ince
s of
Juj
uy a
nd S
alta
. Arg
entin
a’s
north
ern
prov
ince
s ar
e vi
ewed
as
one
of th
e fe
w a
reas
with
pot
entia
l for
gra
in a
nd o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion
to e
xpan
d, e
spec
ially
ass
umin
g im
prov
ed tr
ansp
ort i
nfra
stru
ctur
e. C
urre
ntly,
the
regi
on a
ccou
nts
for a
bout
10
perc
ent o
f nat
iona
l soy
bean
out
put.
2AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Bra
zil p
rese
nted
its
pre-
crop
fina
ncin
g sc
hem
e fo
r the
201
7/18
cro
p ye
ar.
The
prog
ram
me
will
allo
w m
ediu
m-s
ized
prod
ucer
s to
pur
chas
e ag
ricul
tura
l inp
uts
(see
ds,
ferti
lizer
s an
d pe
stic
ides
) for
the
2017
/18
seas
on a
t a p
refe
rent
ial i
nter
est r
ate
of 8
.5 p
erce
nt.
This
yea
r’s c
redi
t lin
e w
ill to
tal B
RL 1
2 bi
llion
(USD
3.8
3 bi
llion)
– u
p 20
per
cent
from
last
ye
ar’s
leve
l. Th
e m
axim
um a
mou
nt e
ach
farm
er c
an b
orro
w h
as b
een
set a
t BRL
780
000
(U
SD 2
50 0
00).
3AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilJu
neAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
The
gove
rnm
ent o
f Bra
zil p
rese
nted
its a
gric
ultu
ral s
uppo
rt pa
ckag
e fo
r the
201
7/18
seas
on. I
n th
e fo
rthco
min
g se
ason
, com
mer
cial
farm
ing
will
be g
rant
ed a
cces
s to
loan
s w
orth
BRL
188
.3
billio
n (U
SD 5
7.9
billio
n) –
a 2
.5 p
erce
nt in
crea
se f
rom
last
yea
r’s le
vel,
whi
ch,
how
ever
, co
mpa
res
to a
201
6-20
17 in
flatio
n ra
te o
f abo
ut 4
per
cent
. In
2017
/18,
abo
ut 8
0 pe
rcen
t of
agr
icul
tura
l fu
ndin
g w
ill be
allo
tted
to l
oans
for
pro
duct
ion
and
mar
ketin
g op
erat
ions
an
d 20
per
cent
to o
n-fa
rm in
vest
men
t loa
ns. T
he la
tter w
ill at
tract
mos
t of t
he y
ear-o
n-ye
ar
incr
ease
in fi
nanc
ial r
esou
rces
, with
spe
cial
atte
ntio
n gi
ven
to in
vest
men
ts in
on-
farm
sto
ck-
hold
ing
faci
litie
s an
d im
prov
ed p
rodu
ctio
n te
chno
logi
es. O
vera
ll, s
ome
80 p
erce
nt o
f the
loan
s w
ill be
pro
vide
d at
con
cess
iona
l int
eres
t rat
es o
f 7.5
–8.5
per
cent
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to ra
tes
of 8
.5–9
.5 p
erce
nt a
pplie
d la
st s
easo
n. T
he re
mai
nder
will
be o
ffere
d at
mar
ket r
ates
– w
ith
the
Cen
tral B
ank’
s be
nchm
ark
rate
sta
ndin
g at
10.
25 p
erce
nt in
May
201
7. T
he b
orro
win
g lim
its fo
r ind
ivid
ual f
arm
hou
seho
lds
will
rem
ain
unch
ange
d fro
m la
st y
ear.
Sepa
rate
from
the
abov
e lo
an p
rogr
amm
es, t
he G
over
nmen
t ple
dged
to ra
ise
publ
ic o
utla
ys fo
r cro
p in
sura
nce
subs
idie
s fo
r the
sec
ond
year
in s
ucce
ssio
n (re
achi
ng B
RL 5
50 m
illion
, or U
SD 1
69 m
illion
), w
hile
fund
s sp
ecifi
cally
ear
mar
ked
for
fam
ily fa
rms
will
rem
ain
unal
tere
d at
BRL
30
billio
n (U
SD 9
.21
billio
n).
4AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naM
arch
Arab
le c
rops
In a
pol
icy
stat
emen
t, th
e G
over
nmen
t of C
hina
con
firm
ed e
arlie
r pla
ns to
gra
dual
ly m
odify
the
coun
try’s
crop
stru
ctur
e, e
ncou
ragi
ng fa
rmer
s to
exp
and
soyb
ean
prod
uctio
n as
wel
l as
mai
ze
prod
uctio
n fo
r sila
ge, w
hile
redu
cing
mai
ze p
rodu
ctio
n fo
r gra
in (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e &
Nov
.’16)
. As
to th
e na
tion-
wid
e ta
rget
pric
e fo
r soy
bean
s an
d H
eilo
ngjia
ng’s
soyb
ean
prod
uctio
n su
bsid
y, no
adj
ustm
ents
hav
e be
en a
nnou
nced
in p
repa
ratio
n of
the
forth
com
ing
2017
/18
plan
tings
.
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
5AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naM
ayAr
able
cro
psC
hina
’s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
issu
ed g
uide
lines
con
cern
ing
the
futu
re d
istri
butio
n of
ara
ble
land
as
part
of th
e co
untry
’s na
tiona
l foo
d se
curit
y st
rate
gy. I
n or
der t
o en
sure
the
effec
tive
allo
catio
n of
agr
icul
tura
l res
ourc
es a
cros
s th
e co
untry
, dur
ing
the
next
thre
e ye
ars,
60
milli
on
ha o
f lan
d w
ould
be
earm
arke
d fo
r the
cul
tivat
ion
of ri
ce, w
heat
and
mai
ze, a
nd a
n ad
ditio
nal
19 m
illion
ha
for s
oybe
ans,
rape
seed
, cot
ton,
sug
ar a
nd ru
bber
. For
soy
bean
s an
d ra
pese
ed,
resp
ectiv
ely
6.7
and
4.7
milli
on h
a of
pro
tect
ed la
nd w
ill be
iden
tified
. Th
e ne
w p
olic
y is
m
eant
to h
elp
optim
ize th
e co
untry
’s ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
ion
patte
rn, w
hile
mak
ing
agric
ultu
ral
supp
ort
prog
ram
mes
mor
e eff
ectiv
e. T
he c
ount
ry’s
inve
stm
ents
in
fixed
ass
ets,
tra
nsfe
r pa
ymen
ts, a
nd p
lann
ed re
form
s in
agr
icul
tura
l len
ding
will
conc
entra
te o
n th
e ta
rget
are
as.
6AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naM
aySo
ybea
nIn
Chi
na’s
north
east
ern
grai
n be
lt, f
arm
ers
will
cont
inue
to
rece
ive
subs
idie
s fo
r gr
owin
g so
ybea
ns a
nd m
aize
, bas
ed o
n ar
ea p
lant
ed. G
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s co
nfirm
ed t
hat,
for
the
2017
/18
crop
, th
e su
bsid
y pr
ovid
ed f
or s
oybe
an c
ultiv
atio
n w
ould
rem
ain
abov
e th
at f
or
mai
ze, i
n or
der
to e
ncou
rage
farm
ers
to s
hift
addi
tiona
l acr
eage
from
mai
ze t
o so
ybea
ns.
Soyb
ean
paym
ents
will
be d
e-co
uple
d fro
m m
arke
t pric
es, r
epla
cing
the
targ
et p
rice
syst
em
in p
lace
from
201
4 to
201
6 (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e/N
ov.’1
4 &
Nov
.’16)
. The
exa
ct a
mou
nt o
f the
ar
ea-b
ased
sub
sidi
es w
ill on
ly b
e de
term
ined
late
r in
the
seas
on. I
n th
e m
eant
ime,
pro
vinc
ial
offici
als
will
com
pile
det
aile
d la
nd s
tatis
tics
to d
eter
min
e th
e fa
rmer
s’ e
ligib
ility
for t
he s
ubsi
dy.
The
cent
ral G
over
nmen
t pl
ans
to a
lloca
te a
lum
p su
m fo
r ea
ch s
ubsi
dy t
o th
e co
ncer
ned
prov
ince
s, e
ntru
stin
g pr
ovin
cial
aut
horit
ies
with
the
calc
ulat
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
of th
e su
bsid
y to
indi
vidu
al fa
rmer
s.
7AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naJu
neSo
ybea
n, m
aize
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of C
hina
info
rmed
tha
t pu
blic
out
lays
for
pay
men
ts t
o en
cour
age
crop
ro
tatio
n w
ill to
tal C
NY
2.56
billi
on in
201
7, c
ompa
red
to C
NY
1.44
billi
on la
st y
ear (
resp
ectiv
ely
USD
376
milli
on a
nd U
SD 2
12 m
illion
). Fa
rmer
s w
ill co
ntin
ue to
rece
ive
per-h
ecta
re s
ubsi
dies
fo
r ro
tatin
g th
eir
mai
ze c
rops
with
oth
er c
rops
(not
ably
soy
bean
s) e
very
oth
er y
ear
as w
ell
as t
o le
ave
som
e la
nd f
allo
w (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’17
). Re
porte
dly,
the
area
tar
gete
d by
th
e su
bsid
ies
has
been
rai
sed
to 8
00 0
00 h
ecta
res,
abo
ut 8
5 pe
rcen
t mor
e th
an la
st y
ear.
Paym
ents
will
be c
once
ntra
ted
in t
he c
ount
ry’s
north
east
ern
prov
ince
s (w
here
, in
rec
ent
year
s, m
aize
exp
ande
d at
the
exp
ense
of
soyb
eans
) and
to
area
s de
emed
uns
uita
ble
for
mai
ze c
ultiv
atio
n.
8AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naSe
ptem
ber
Soyb
ean,
mai
zeAc
cord
ing
to p
rivat
e so
urce
s, t
he s
ubsi
dy g
rant
ed t
o so
ybea
n pr
oduc
ers
in H
eilo
ngjia
ng
Prov
ince
(Chi
na’s
top
soyb
ean
grow
ing
regi
on) h
as b
een
set a
t CN
Y 11
8.58
per
mu
(USD
268
pe
r ha)
for t
he 2
016/
17 s
easo
n, i.
e. fo
r the
cro
p ha
rves
ted
in th
e fa
ll of l
ast y
ear.
The
paym
ent,
whi
ch is
par
t of t
he ta
rget
pric
e su
bsid
y pr
ogra
mm
e th
at w
as o
pera
ted
on a
pilo
t bas
is fr
om
2014
to 2
016
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6 &
June
’17)
, is
supp
osed
to re
ach
farm
ers
by 1
5 Se
ptem
ber
2017
. For
com
paris
on, i
n 20
15/1
6, th
e su
bsid
y am
ount
ed to
CN
Y 15
0 pe
r mu
(USD
339
per
he
ctar
e). F
rom
201
7/18
, the
targ
et p
rice
syst
em w
ill be
dis
cont
inue
d an
d pr
oduc
er p
aym
ents
w
ill be
de-
coup
led
from
mar
ket p
rices
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly’
17).
Two
type
s of
pro
duce
rs w
ill be
elig
ible
to
rece
ive
paym
ents
: (i)
farm
ers
who
rot
ate
mai
ze w
ith o
ther
cro
ps –
prim
arily
so
ybea
ns, b
ut a
lso
tube
rs a
nd m
inor
gra
ins,
bea
ns a
nd o
ther
oils
eeds
; and
(ii)
farm
ers
that
ke
ep la
nd id
le to
reha
bilit
ate
degr
aded
farm
land
and
con
serv
e m
oist
ure
in m
argi
nal a
gric
ultu
ral
area
s. S
uppo
rt pa
ymen
ts a
re m
eant
to e
nsur
e th
at fa
rmer
inco
mes
will
not s
uffer
from
idlin
g la
nd o
r rot
atin
g cr
ops
that
ear
n lo
wer
retu
rns.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
pens
atio
n fo
r idl
ing
land
th
at c
ould
bea
r tw
o cr
ops
a ye
ar w
ill am
ount
to C
NY
800
per m
u, w
here
as C
NY
500
per m
u w
ill be
gra
nted
for s
ingl
e-se
ason
fallo
w (r
espe
ctiv
ely
USD
1 8
10 a
nd 1
132
per
ha)
. Det
ails
on
subs
idy
leve
ls fo
r cro
p ro
tatio
n ar
e no
t yet
ava
ilabl
e.
4 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
9AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Soyb
ean,
mai
ze,
whe
atIn
Hei
long
jiang
Pro
vinc
e, s
uppo
rt pa
ymen
ts p
rovi
ded
to m
aize
gro
wer
s ha
ve b
een
low
ered
to
CN
Y 13
3.46
per
mu
(USD
303
per
ha)
, dow
n 13
per
cent
com
pare
d to
last
yea
r’s le
vel.
The
mea
sure
refl
ects
effo
rts t
o cu
rb n
atio
nal m
aize
pro
duct
ion
and
even
tual
ly lo
wer
dom
estic
st
ocks
– w
hile
enc
oura
ging
farm
ers
to p
lant
alte
rnat
ive
crop
s, n
otab
ly s
oybe
ans.
At t
he s
ame
time,
for s
oybe
ans,
the
targ
e-pr
ice
subs
idy
that
was
in p
lace
for t
he la
st th
ree
seas
ons
has
been
repl
aced
by
an a
rea-
base
d gr
ower
sub
sidy
am
ount
ing
to C
NY
173.
46 p
er m
u (U
SD 3
93
per h
a). M
eanw
hile
, the
cou
ntry
wid
e m
inim
um p
urch
ase
pric
e fo
r whe
at fo
r 201
8 w
as s
et a
t C
NY
2 30
0 pe
r ton
ne (U
SD 3
48),
2.5
perc
ent l
ower
than
this
yea
r and
the
first
cut
in o
ver a
de
cade
. The
latte
r cha
nge
is p
art o
f Gov
ernm
ent e
fforts
to b
ring
dom
estic
whe
at p
rices
mor
e in
line
with
bot
h th
e in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
t and
loca
l pro
duct
ion
cost
s, w
hile
incr
easi
ng fl
exib
ility
of th
e co
untry
’s gr
ain
rese
rve
syst
em. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
Gov
ernm
ent p
lans
to s
ubsi
dize
gra
in
trans
porta
tion
and
stor
age
faci
litie
s. U
nder
this
pol
icy,
proj
ects
des
igne
d to
bui
ld o
r upg
rade
gr
ain
trans
porta
tion
or s
tora
ge fa
cilit
ies
alon
g m
ain
railw
ays
and
ports
will
be s
ubsi
dize
d in
a
bid
to im
prov
e m
arke
t effi
cien
cy a
nd c
urb
dist
ribut
ion
cost
s.
10AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
Seek
ing
to m
inim
ize th
e im
pact
of la
st N
ovem
ber’s
dem
onet
izatio
n m
easu
re o
n th
e fa
rm se
ctor
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia h
as g
iven
its
ex-p
ost f
acto
app
rova
l for
a
two-
mon
th in
tere
st w
aive
r for
farm
ers
who
took
up
shor
t-ter
m c
rop
loan
s fro
m c
oope
rativ
e ba
nks.
Rep
orte
dly,
man
y fa
rmer
s fa
ced
diffi
culti
es in
car
ryin
g ou
t Rab
i cro
p op
erat
ions
due
to
the
low
er a
vaila
bilit
y of
cas
h th
at fo
llow
ed d
emon
etiza
tion.
11AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aM
arch
Cop
raTh
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndia
has
set
the
2017
pro
cure
men
t pric
e fo
r milli
ng a
nd b
all c
opra
at,
resp
ectiv
ely,
INR
65 0
00 (U
SD 1
004
) and
INR
67 8
50 (U
SD 1
048
) per
tonn
e –
i.e. 9
per
cent
ab
ove l
ast y
ear’s
leve
l. Ind
ia’s
Com
mis
sion
for A
gric
ultu
ral C
osts
and
Pric
es h
ad re
com
men
ded
the
incr
ease
in th
e m
inim
um s
uppo
rt pr
ice
(MSP
), ba
sed
on th
e an
alys
is o
f (i)
prod
uctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
cos
ts, (
ii) tre
nds
in d
omes
tic a
nd in
tern
atio
nal p
rices
of e
dibl
e oi
ls, (
iii) th
e ov
eral
l de
man
d an
d su
pply
situ
atio
n fo
r cop
ra a
nd c
ocon
ut o
il, a
nd (i
v) th
e lik
ely
impa
ct o
f MSP
s on
co
nsum
ers.
The
new
MSP
for c
opra
is a
imed
at e
nsur
ing
rem
uner
ativ
e pr
ices
for f
arm
ers
and
stim
ulat
ing
inve
stm
ent i
n co
conu
t, th
ereb
y ra
isin
g pr
oduc
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ity in
the
coun
try’s
coco
nut i
ndus
try.
12AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJu
neAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
The
stat
es o
f Mah
aras
htra
, Pun
jab
and
Utta
r Pra
desh
agr
eed
to p
artia
lly w
aive
farm
loan
s to
ad
dres
s gro
win
g ru
ral d
istre
ss c
ause
d by
low
cro
p pr
ices
follo
win
g ov
ersu
pply.
Indi
a is
hol
ding
la
rge
leve
ls o
f foo
d gr
ains
from
last
yea
r’s re
cord
har
vest
, whi
le e
xpor
ts h
ave
stal
led
for
a nu
mbe
r of r
easo
ns. M
ahar
asht
ra a
nd P
unja
b in
tend
to fo
rgiv
e th
e eq
uiva
lent
of,
resp
ectiv
ely,
USD
5.2
7 bi
llion
and
USD
1.5
billi
on in
farm
loan
s, e
ffect
ivel
y w
ritin
g off
deb
ts o
f man
y sm
all
farm
hol
ding
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e m
easu
res
coul
d be
nefit
clo
se to
10
milli
on fa
rmer
s, w
ith w
rite-
offs
of u
p to
INR
150
000–
200
000
per f
arm
er (U
SD 2
325
–3 1
00).
13AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJu
neAg
ricul
tura
l in
puts
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia s
ourc
es, t
he C
entra
l Gov
ernm
ent e
xhor
ted
priv
ate
com
pani
es to
low
er
the
pric
es o
f pes
ticid
es, s
eeds
and
oth
er a
gric
ultu
ral in
puts
to s
uppo
rt pu
blic
initi
ativ
es ta
ken
to a
ssis
t far
mer
s.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 5
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
14AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJu
neO
ilcro
psIn
Indi
a, m
arke
t pric
es fo
r soy
bean
s an
d ot
her o
ilsee
ds re
porte
dly
drop
ped
belo
w M
SP le
vels
. To
pro
tect
farm
ers
from
the
rece
nt p
rice
decl
ines
and
pre
vent
a s
hift
in p
lant
ings
aw
ay fr
om
soyb
eans
and
oth
er o
ilsee
ds to
com
petin
g cr
ops,
the
Gov
ernm
ent r
aise
d th
e M
SPs
for K
harif
oi
lcro
ps b
y 4–
10 p
erce
nt a
nd to
rene
w th
e sp
ecia
l bon
uses
rese
rved
for c
rops
cha
ract
erize
d by
wid
enin
g do
mes
tic s
uppl
y de
ficits
. Pu
blic
offi
cial
s w
arne
d th
at b
uyin
g oi
lcro
ps b
elow
th
e go
vern
men
t-set
pric
es w
ould
attr
act
pros
ecut
ion.
Inc
ludi
ng b
onus
es,
the
MSP
s fo
r 20
17/1
8 ha
ve b
een
set a
s fo
llow
s: s
oybe
ans
INR
30 5
00 p
er to
nne
(USD
473
), up
10
perc
ent
from
last
yea
r’s le
vel;
grou
ndnu
ts-in
-she
ll IN
R 44
500
per
tonn
e (U
SD 6
90),
up 5
.5 p
erce
nt;
sunfl
ower
seed
IN
R 41
000
per
ton
ne (
USD
635
), up
3.8
per
cent
; se
sam
um I
NR
53 0
00
per
tonn
e (U
SD 8
21),
up 6
per
cent
; and
nig
erse
ed IN
R 40
500
(USD
627
), up
5.9
per
cent
. Fo
r co
mpa
rison
, the
sup
port
pric
es fo
r pa
ddy,
mai
ze, p
ulse
s an
d co
tton
have
bee
n ra
ised
by
, re
spec
tivel
y, 5
perc
ent,
4 pe
rcen
t, 7–
8 pe
rcen
t, an
d 4
perc
ent.
Farm
ers
and
indu
stry
as
soci
atio
ns m
aint
aine
d th
at p
ublic
mar
ket i
nter
vent
ions
con
tinue
to b
e in
suffi
cien
t to
supp
ort
the
MSP
s. T
hey
also
rene
wed
thei
r cal
ls fo
r oth
er re
med
ial a
ctio
ns, i
n pa
rticu
lar h
ighe
r im
port
dutie
s on
veg
etab
le o
ils. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e la
test
ero
sion
in s
oybe
an m
arke
t pric
es h
as b
een
trigg
ered
by
poor
dem
and
from
loca
l cru
sher
s an
d un
usua
lly la
rge
old-
crop
inve
ntor
ies,
whi
ch
esse
ntia
lly s
tem
from
unc
ompe
titiv
e pr
ices
of d
omes
tical
ly p
rodu
ced
soyb
ean
oil v
is-à
-vis
im
porte
d ve
geta
ble
oils
.
15AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aAu
gust
Oilc
ropd
, pul
ses
The
stat
e G
over
nmen
t of M
adhy
a Pr
ades
h an
noun
ced
the
laun
ch o
f a s
chem
e to
com
pens
ate
farm
ers
for
dist
ress
sal
es a
t pr
ices
bel
ow t
he m
inim
um s
uppo
rt pr
ices
(MSP
) tha
t ar
e se
t an
nual
ly b
y th
e ce
ntra
l Gov
ernm
ent.
The
sche
me
will
initi
ally
app
ly to
sel
ecte
d oi
lsee
ds a
nd
puls
es, w
here
phy
sica
l pro
cure
men
t ten
ds to
be
limite
d un
like
for r
ice
and
whe
at. T
he in
itiat
ive
com
es o
n th
e ba
ck o
f a b
umpe
r har
vest
that
cau
sed
crop
pric
es to
dec
line,
trig
gerin
g pr
otes
ts
by fa
rmer
s ca
lling
for l
oan
wai
vers
and
mor
e re
mun
erat
ive
pric
es (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jul
y’17
). U
nder
the
sche
me,
farm
ers
will
be c
ompe
nsat
ed w
hen
crop
s ar
e so
ld a
t les
s th
an th
e M
SP.
Such
defi
cien
cy p
aym
ents
will
be c
appe
d at
a m
odal
pric
e, w
hich
is d
efine
d as
the
aver
age
mar
ket p
rice
obse
rved
ove
r a tw
o-m
onth
per
iod
in M
adhy
a Pr
ades
h an
d tw
o ot
her s
tate
s.
16AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Coc
onut
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ker
ala
(the
coun
try’s
seco
nd la
rges
t coc
onut
gro
win
g st
ate)
urg
ed th
e ce
ntra
l go
vern
men
t C
omm
issi
on f
or A
gric
ultu
ral
Cos
ts a
nd P
rices
to
rais
e th
e m
inim
um
supp
ort p
rice
(MSP
) of c
opra
from
INR
67 7
00 p
er to
nne
to IN
R 97
250
per
tonn
e (re
spec
tivel
y U
SD 1
035
and
1 4
87).
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e Ag
ricul
tura
l Dep
artm
ent i
s als
o co
nsid
erin
g to
intro
duce
a
MSP
for r
aw c
ocon
ut a
mou
ntin
g to
INR
29 5
00 p
er to
nne
(USD
451
). C
urre
ntly,
ther
e is
no
MSP
for t
he p
rocu
rem
ent o
f raw
coc
onut
.
17AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Oils
eeds
Min
imum
sup
port
pric
es fo
r Rab
i cro
ps (w
hich
are
sow
n in
Nov
embe
r/Dec
embe
r of t
his
year
fo
r har
vest
dur
ing
the
first
hal
f of 2
018)
hav
e be
en ra
ised
from
last
seas
on’s
leve
l. For
rape
seed
an
d sa
fflow
erse
ed, t
hey
have
bee
n se
t at,
resp
ectiv
ely,
INR
4 00
0 an
d IN
R 4
100
per q
uint
al
(USD
624
and
639
per
tonn
e), u
p 8
and
11 p
erce
nt y
ear-o
n-ye
ar. F
or c
ompa
rison
, sup
port
pric
es fo
r pul
ses
have
bee
n ra
ised
by
8–10
per
cent
and
thos
e fo
r Rab
i gra
ins
by 6
–7 p
erce
nt.
Mar
ket o
bser
vers
poi
nted
out
that
the
incr
ease
s may
be
insu
ffici
ent t
o off
set h
ighe
r pro
duct
ion
cost
s. M
ore
impo
rtant
ly, o
ilsee
ds g
row
ers
wou
ld o
nly
bene
fit fr
om th
e hi
gher
sup
port
pric
es if
st
ate
agen
cies
act
ually
sca
led
up c
rop
proc
urem
ent a
t the
est
ablis
hed
pric
es.
18AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Toria
Indi
a’s
cent
ral G
over
nmen
t has
rai
sed
the
min
imum
sup
port
pric
e fo
r ‘to
ria’ (
bras
sica
rapa
su
bsp.
ole
ifera
), an
oils
eed
varie
ty m
ainl
y gr
own
in R
ajas
than
, by
9.5
perc
ent t
o IN
R 3
900
per
quin
tal (
USD
614
per
tonn
e).
6 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
19AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Oil
palm
, mai
zeAc
cord
ing
to g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, I
ndon
esia
pla
ns t
o en
cour
age
inde
pend
ent
palm
oil
farm
ers
to in
trodu
ce m
aize
inte
rcro
ppin
g in
the
ir pl
anta
tions
– a
mea
sure
mea
nt t
o bo
ost
dom
estic
mai
ze p
rodu
ctio
n an
d th
us re
duce
the
depe
nden
ce o
n im
porte
d cr
ops.
Und
er th
e pl
an, m
aize
wou
ld b
e in
trodu
ced
in n
early
one
milli
on h
ecta
res
of o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
ns b
y th
e en
d of
201
7. T
he g
over
nmen
t wou
ld p
rovi
de s
eeds
and
sub
sidi
zed
ferti
lizer
to fa
rmer
s w
ho
join
the
prog
ram
me.
Pla
ntin
g oi
l pal
m a
nd m
aize
sid
e by
sid
e is
exp
ecte
d to
impr
ove
land
use
effi
cien
cy, r
aise
pro
duct
ivity
and
incr
ease
farm
ers’
inco
mes
.
20AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indo
nesi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
In 2
017,
Indo
nesi
a’s
Oil
Palm
Est
ate
Fund
– th
e st
ate
agen
cy s
et u
p in
201
5 to
col
lect
a le
vy
on c
rude
pal
m o
il ex
ports
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
15) –
pla
ns to
sup
port
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
oil
palm
re
plan
ting
sche
me
with
an
allo
catio
n of
IDR
500
billio
n (U
SD 3
7.6
milli
on).
The
natio
nal s
chem
e is
aim
ed a
t rai
sing
pro
duct
ivity
leve
ls o
n sm
all,
inde
pend
ently
run
plan
tatio
ns, w
here
ave
rage
yi
elds
repo
rtedl
y st
alle
d at
1.7
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il pe
r ha
– as
opp
osed
to u
p to
5.7
tonn
es
achi
eved
on
corp
orat
e-ru
n pl
anta
tions
. Low
pro
duct
ivity
leve
ls a
re p
rimar
ily a
ttrib
uted
to p
oor
qual
ity s
eeds
and
to th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce th
at p
alm
s ar
e cu
ltiva
ted
beyo
nd th
eir p
rodu
ctiv
e ag
e.
Priv
ate
sour
ces
poin
ted
out
that
the
gov
ernm
ent’s
initi
ativ
e fa
ces
impo
rtant
adm
inis
trativ
e hu
rdle
s in
that
man
y of
the
targ
eted
farm
ers
are
not a
ble
to p
rove
thei
r lan
d ow
ners
hip
– a
prer
equi
site
for p
artic
ipat
ing
in re
plan
ting
prog
ram
mes
.
21AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indo
nesi
aN
ovem
ber
Oil
palm
Indo
nesi
a’s
Gov
ernm
ent l
aunc
hed
an o
il pal
m re
juve
natio
n sc
hem
e fo
r sm
all o
il pal
m g
row
ers,
in
a b
id to
rais
e yi
elds
in s
mal
lhol
der p
lant
atio
ns (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’17
). Th
e sc
hem
e w
ill be
fund
ed b
y In
done
sia’
s O
il Pa
lm E
stat
e Fu
nd, a
n in
stru
men
t set
up
in 2
015
to c
olle
ct le
vies
on
pal
m o
il ex
ports
(see
MPP
U J
uly
‘15)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
sch
eme
will
cove
r 20
000
ha
of s
mal
lhol
der
plan
tatio
ns i
n a
first
pha
se.
Act
ually
, ou
t of
4.7
milli
on h
a cu
ltiva
ted
by
smal
lhol
ders
nat
ionw
ide,
som
e 2.
4 m
illion
ha
are
said
to re
quire
repl
antin
g –
eith
er b
ecau
se
palm
s ha
ve s
urpa
ssed
the
ir pr
oduc
tive
age
or b
ecau
se p
oorly
per
form
ing
varie
ties
wer
e us
ed w
hen
plan
tatio
ns w
ere
esta
blis
hed.
Rep
orte
dly,
high
-yie
ldin
g va
rietie
s al
low
ann
ual
yiel
ds o
f 8 t
onne
s of
pal
m o
il pe
r ha
, com
pare
d to
the
cur
rent
ave
rage
of 2
ton
nes.
Onl
y fa
rmer
s w
hose
pla
ntat
ions
hav
e ea
rned
ISPO
(Ind
ones
ian
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
Oil)
certi
ficat
ion
will
be a
llow
ed to
par
ticip
ate
in th
e re
plan
ting
prog
ram
me.
Des
igne
d to
pro
mot
e su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
and
ens
ure
com
plia
nce
with
nat
iona
l law
s, IS
PO c
ertifi
catio
n ha
s be
en
mad
e m
anda
tory
for c
ompa
nies
, whi
le re
mai
ning
vol
unta
ry fo
r sm
allh
olde
rs. I
n or
der t
o qu
alify
fo
r cer
tifica
tion,
farm
ers
need
to p
rove
lega
l ow
ners
hip
of th
eir l
and
– a
requ
irem
ent t
hat n
ot
all s
mal
lhol
ders
are
abl
e to
fulfi
ll, a
ccor
ding
to s
ocia
l adv
ocac
y gr
oups
.
22AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Kaza
khst
anJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Kaz
akhs
tan
pres
ente
d a
prog
ram
me
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’s ag
ro-in
dust
rial c
ompl
ex in
201
7-20
21. I
n ad
ditio
n to
impr
oved
acc
ess
to s
ubsi
dies
for s
mal
l/m
ediu
m-s
ized
farm
ers,
an
expa
nded
farm
insu
ranc
e sc
hem
e an
d hi
gher
irrig
ated
land
are
a,
the
plan
env
isag
es in
cent
ives
to
redu
ce w
heat
cul
tivat
ion
in f
avou
r of
coa
rse
grai
ns a
nd
oils
eeds
. Sta
rting
nex
t yea
r, pe
r hec
tare
sub
sidi
es fo
r whe
at p
rodu
cers
cou
ld b
e cu
t stro
ngly,
w
hile
thos
e fo
r mai
ze w
ould
fall
less
and
thos
e fo
r soy
bean
s, ra
pese
ed a
nd o
ther
oils
eeds
w
ould
be
rais
ed.
23AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Kaza
khst
anN
ovem
ber
Oils
eeds
Furth
er to
the
refo
rms
anno
unce
d ea
rlier
this
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Feb
.’17)
, gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
info
rmed
that
per
-hec
tare
oils
eed
subs
idie
s w
ill be
con
verte
d to
pay
men
ts p
er to
nne
deliv
ered
by
farm
ers
to lo
cal c
rush
ers.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
subs
idy
is a
imed
at
impr
ovin
g th
e su
pply
of
loca
l oils
eed
crus
hers
with
dom
estic
raw
mat
eria
ls. T
he s
ubsi
dy a
pplie
d to
farm
er d
eliv
erie
s w
ill am
ount
to K
ZT 4
000
, or U
SD 1
2, p
er to
nne
(and
wou
ld c
ompa
re to
a p
urch
ase
pric
e of
KZ
T 25
000
, or U
SD 7
4, p
er to
nne
paid
by
mille
rs).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 7
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
24AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Mex
ico
May
Agric
ultu
ral
crop
s, o
ilsee
dsW
hile
the
cou
ntry
’s m
ain
prog
ram
mes
in
supp
ort
of a
gric
ultu
ral
prod
uctio
n ar
e se
t to
re
mai
n in
pla
ce, t
he G
over
nmen
t an
noun
ced
cuts
in t
he a
mou
nt o
f su
bsid
ies
prov
ided
to
indi
vidu
al fa
rmer
s in
201
7, p
rovi
ding
the
follo
win
g de
tails
: i)
unde
r the
cou
ntry
’s Pr
o-O
ilsee
ds
prog
ram
me,
sup
port
paym
ents
will
drop
from
MXN
1 5
00 to
MXN
700
per
tonn
e of
oils
eeds
pr
oduc
ed (U
SD 8
3 to
USD
39)
; ii)
unde
r PRO
AGRO
, the
flat
rate
s pe
r ha
for a
rabl
e cr
ops
will
be lo
wer
ed fo
r com
mer
cial
farm
s bu
t not
for s
ubsi
sten
ce fa
rmer
s; a
nd ii
i) th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
hedg
ing
oper
atio
n co
sts
rece
ivin
g su
ppor
t will
be re
duce
d fro
m 8
5 to
75
perc
ent.
25AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Turk
eyJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
In a
bid
to d
iver
sify
the
coun
try’s
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
n, ra
ise
prod
uctiv
ity le
vels
and
redu
ce
the
culti
vatio
n of
wat
er-in
tens
ive
crop
s in
stru
ctur
ally
dis
adva
ntag
ed a
reas
, the
Gov
ernm
ent
of T
urke
y ha
s la
unch
ed a
new
agr
icul
tura
l sub
sidy
pro
gram
me.
Und
er t
he n
ew s
chem
e,
19 s
trate
gic
crop
s –
incl
udin
g so
ybea
n, s
unflo
wer
, saffl
ower
and
rape
seed
– w
ill be
elig
ible
fo
r pub
lic s
uppo
rt, s
tarti
ng th
is y
ear.
Subs
idie
s w
ill be
allo
cate
d ba
sed
on c
limat
e an
d so
il co
nditi
ons
prev
ailin
g in
eac
h zo
ne, a
nd w
ill be
dis
burs
ed in
two
annu
al in
stal
men
ts. M
arke
ts
obse
rver
s ex
pect
farm
ers’
pla
ntin
g de
cisi
ons
to b
e aff
ecte
d by
the
new
sys
tem
; in
parti
cula
r, in
som
e ar
eas,
farm
ers
coul
d re
plac
e m
aize
with
cot
ton,
oils
eeds
, pul
ses
and
whe
at.
26AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Burk
ina
Faso
Janu
ary
Soyb
ean
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Bur
kina
Fas
o jo
ined
forc
es w
ith tw
o as
soci
atio
ns re
pres
entin
g th
e Fr
ench
ve
geta
ble
oils
/pro
tein
sec
tor
to d
evel
op t
he c
ount
ry’s
soyb
ean
sect
or. T
o ad
dres
s Bu
rkin
a Fa
so’s
grow
ing
dem
and
for
vege
tabl
e oi
l and
pro
tein
(to
be u
sed
for
hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
anim
al fe
ed),
the
proj
ect a
ims
at li
fting
ann
ual d
omes
tic s
oybe
an o
utpu
t fro
m c
urre
ntly
20
000
tonn
es to
100
000
tonn
es b
y 202
2. In
terv
entio
ns w
ill fo
cus o
n (i)
rais
ing
prod
uctiv
ity a
nd
yiel
ds in
the
field
, (ii)
stre
ngth
enin
g pr
oduc
er o
rgan
izatio
ns, (
iii) c
onso
lidat
ing
the
proc
essi
ng
sect
or, (
iv) c
reat
ing
a na
tiona
l soy
bean
ass
ocia
tion,
and
(v) e
stab
lishi
ng a
sec
tor d
evel
opm
ent
fund
.
27AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Can
ada
May
Rape
seed
A pu
blic
-priv
ate
rese
arch
par
tner
ship
to d
evel
op a
dvan
ced
high
-yie
ldin
g ra
pese
ed v
arie
ties
has
been
set
up
in C
anad
a, in
a b
id to
uph
old
the
com
petit
iven
ess
of th
e co
untry
’s ra
pese
ed
sect
or.
The
new
pla
tform
will
oper
ate
unde
r C
anad
a’s
Gen
omic
App
licat
ions
Par
tner
ship
Pr
ogra
m (G
APP)
and
is se
t to
bene
fit fr
om c
o-fu
ndin
g by
the
prov
inci
al G
over
nmen
t of O
ntar
io.
28AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Euro
pean
Uni
onJu
neSo
ybea
nTh
e G
over
nmen
ts o
f G
erm
any
and
Hun
gary
pro
pose
d an
EU
-wid
e in
itiat
ive
– ca
lled
“EU
So
ya D
ecla
ratio
n” –
pro
mot
ing
the
prod
uctio
n of
non
-GM
soy
bean
s an
d ot
her
legu
me
crop
s fo
r foo
d an
d fe
ed. T
he p
rogr
amm
e is
mea
nt to
con
tribu
te to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f mor
e su
stai
nabl
e an
d re
silie
nt a
gric
ultu
ral s
yste
ms,
whi
le ta
king
into
acc
ount
gro
win
g de
man
d fo
r G
M-fr
ee fo
ods.
The
initi
ativ
e is
als
o de
sign
ed to
tack
le th
e bl
oc’s
high
rate
of d
epen
denc
y on
impo
rted
soyb
eans
, whi
ch s
uppo
sedl
y m
akes
Eur
opea
n ag
ricul
ture
vul
nera
ble
to e
xter
nal
mar
ket c
ondi
tions
. Rep
orte
dly,
seve
ral E
U m
embe
r sta
tes
are
read
y to
bac
k th
e de
clar
atio
n.
Back
in 2
013,
con
cern
ed b
y th
e de
arth
of n
on-G
M s
oy o
n th
e EU
mar
ket,
the
priv
ate
sect
or
laun
ched
an
initi
ativ
e to
pro
mot
e th
e im
porta
tion
of G
M-fr
ee s
oy fr
om B
razil
, with
a v
iew
to
offer
Eur
opea
n co
nsum
ers
the
choi
ce to
buy
non
-GM
food
pro
duct
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’13
).
8 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
29AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Euro
pean
Uni
onJu
lySo
ybea
nIn
Jun
e, th
irtee
n EU
mem
ber s
tate
s si
gned
the
‘Eur
opea
n So
ya D
ecla
ratio
n’ (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Ju
ly’17
). Th
e de
clar
atio
n su
ppor
ts n
atio
nal a
nd E
U-w
ide
initi
ativ
es to
incr
ease
the
prod
uctio
n of
legu
me
crop
s, n
otab
ly s
oybe
ans,
as
a co
ntrib
utio
n to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f mor
e su
stai
nabl
e an
d re
silie
nt a
gric
ultu
ral s
yste
ms i
n Eu
rope
. Sig
nato
ries u
nder
lined
the
initi
ativ
es’ p
oten
tial r
ole
in b
oost
ing
the
prod
uctio
n of
non
-GM
soy
a in
Eur
ope
and
in re
duci
ng th
e bl
oc’s
depe
nden
ce
on i
mpo
rted
soyb
ean.
Rea
ctin
g to
the
int
ergo
vern
men
tal
initi
ativ
e, i
ndus
try a
ssoc
iatio
ns
repr
esen
ting
the
EU’s
grai
n, o
ilsee
d an
d fe
ed s
ecto
r cal
led
for a
coh
eren
t stra
tegy
to a
ddre
ss
the
regi
on’s
prot
ein
defic
it. In
this
rega
rd, t
he a
ssoc
iatio
ns p
oint
ed o
ut th
at th
e EU
’s la
test
pr
opos
als
on b
iofu
els
– vi
z. th
e gr
adua
l pha
sing
out
of c
rop-
base
d bi
ofue
ls –
cou
ld tr
ansl
ate
into
fallin
g EU
oilc
rop
prod
uctio
n (in
par
ticul
ar ra
pese
ed),
henc
e re
duci
ng th
e av
aila
bilit
y of
pr
otei
n-ric
h m
eals
. As
to
the
obje
ctiv
e of
pro
mot
ing
sust
aina
ble
and
resi
lient
pro
duct
ion
syst
ems,
indu
stry
repr
esen
tativ
es d
rew
atte
ntio
n to
pro
gres
s m
ade
by E
urop
ean
stak
ehol
ders
an
d th
eir o
vers
eas
partn
ers
in re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng. F
inal
ly, w
ith re
gard
to n
on-G
M s
oya,
the
indu
stry
mai
ntai
ned
that
the
non
-GM
/GM
sta
tus
was
not
a c
riter
ion
for
sust
aina
bilit
y an
d re
com
men
ded
that
the
choi
ce fo
r one
or t
he o
ther
qua
lity
be le
ft to
the
mar
ket.
30AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aM
arch
Coc
onut
pal
mTh
e In
dian
Coc
onut
Dev
elop
men
t Boa
rd a
gree
d to
sup
port
38 p
roje
cts
wor
th IN
R 60
0 m
illion
(U
SD 9
.3 m
illion
). O
ut o
f the
tota
l, 32
pro
ject
s w
ill fo
cus
on c
ocon
ut p
roce
ssin
g an
d pr
oduc
t di
vers
ifica
tion,
thr
ee o
n m
arke
t pr
omot
ion,
and
thr
ee o
n re
sear
ch.
The
Boar
d’s
finan
cial
co
ntrib
utio
n w
ill am
ount
to IN
R 91
milli
on (U
SD 1
.4 m
illion
). Th
e pr
ojec
ts w
ill be
loca
ted
in th
e st
ates
of K
eral
a, K
arna
taka
, Tam
il N
adu
and
Andh
ra P
rade
sh.
31AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
In a
bid
to re
duce
the
natio
n’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d ed
ible
oil,
Indi
a’s
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t will
step
up
its e
fforts
to p
rom
ote
oil p
alm
cul
tivat
ion
acro
ss th
e co
untry
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
16).
Rest
rictio
ns o
n pr
ovid
ing
assi
stan
ce to
pla
ntat
ions
cul
tivat
ing
mor
e th
an 2
5 ha
will
be re
laxe
d,
and
crite
ria f
or d
istri
butin
g su
ppor
t pa
ymen
ts (
for
plan
ting
mat
eria
l, m
anur
ing,
irri
gatio
n,
inte
r-cro
ppin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ce c
osts
) are
set
to
be r
evis
ed. B
oth
mea
sure
s ar
e ai
med
at
attra
ctin
g pr
ivat
e en
trepr
eneu
rs, c
orpo
rate
ent
ities
and
coo
pera
tive
bodi
es to
war
ds p
alm
oil.
Th
e ch
ange
s w
ill be
impl
emen
ted
in 1
33 d
istri
cts
acro
ss 1
2 st
ates
, prim
arily
in th
e so
uthe
rn
part
of th
e co
untry
. For
201
6, In
dia’
s to
tal a
rea
unde
r oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion
was
est
imat
ed a
t 30
0 00
0 ha
(com
pris
ing
imm
atur
e ar
ea),
with
ave
rage
yie
lds
linge
ring
arou
nd 0
.5 to
nne
of o
il pe
r ha
due
to in
suffi
cien
t rai
nfal
l. In
the
mea
ntim
e, ro
ughl
y 60
per
cent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
edib
le
oil r
equi
rem
ents
con
tinue
to b
e sa
tisfie
d th
roug
h im
ports
, with
pal
m o
il ac
coun
ting
for a
bout
75
per
cent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
edib
le o
il im
port
bill.
32AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of
Tela
ngan
a w
ill pr
omot
e th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
of
oil
plan
tatio
ns
on
12 0
00 h
ecta
res
in th
e ea
ster
n pa
rt of
the
stat
e. T
he s
tate
sub
sidy
on
palm
see
dlin
gs w
ill be
ra
ised
from
INR
56 to
INR
80, w
hich
leav
es th
e fa
rmer
with
a c
ost o
f abo
ut IN
R 10
per
pla
nt
(1 U
SD =
64
INR)
. Som
e 45
0 00
0 se
edlin
gs a
re b
eing
rais
ed in
loca
l nur
serie
s in
sup
port
of
the
prog
ram
me.
33AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Coc
onut
Indi
a’s
Coc
onut
Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard
anno
unce
d th
at i
t w
ill su
ppor
t 30
pro
ject
s w
ith a
n ag
greg
ate
valu
e of
INR
313.
4 m
illion
(USD
4.8
milli
on).
The
boar
d’s
own
finan
cial
con
tribu
tion
will
amou
nt to
INR
63.9
milli
on (U
SD 0
.98
milli
on).
The
appr
oved
pro
ject
s w
ill be
impl
emen
ted
in fi
ve d
iffer
ent s
tate
s an
d co
mpr
ise
8 re
sear
ch p
roje
cts
and
22 p
roje
cts
on p
roce
ssin
g an
d pr
oduc
t div
ersi
ficat
ion.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 9
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
34AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Coc
onut
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of K
eral
a an
noun
ced
a 10
-yea
r pl
an t
o su
ppor
t th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
st
ate’
s pr
oble
m-s
trick
en c
ocon
ut s
ecto
r. G
row
ing
farm
ing
cost
s, l
ow p
rodu
ctiv
ity l
evel
s an
d st
agna
ting
inco
mes
hav
e be
en i
dent
ified
as
mai
n di
fficu
lties
affl
ictin
g th
e se
ctor
. C
ompl
emen
ting
Kera
la’s
effor
ts, t
he F
eder
al G
over
nmen
t is
plan
ning
to s
et u
p a
com
mitt
ee
to c
oord
inat
e co
conu
t re
late
d ac
tiviti
es o
f ce
ntra
l and
sta
te-le
vel a
genc
ies,
incl
udin
g th
e Ag
ricul
ture
Dep
artm
ent,
Kera
la A
gric
ultu
ral U
nive
rsity
, the
Cen
tral P
lant
atio
n C
rops
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te, t
he C
ocon
ut D
evel
opm
ent B
oard
and
Ker
afed
(the
ape
x co
-ope
rativ
e fe
dera
tion
of
coco
nut f
arm
ers
in K
eral
a an
d In
dia’
s la
rges
t pro
duce
r of c
ocon
ut o
il).
35AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Mus
tard
see
dRe
porte
dly,
‘Sys
tem
Roo
t Int
ensi
ficat
ion’
(SRI
), a
culti
vatio
n m
etho
d po
pula
r in
rice
farm
ing,
ha
s be
en s
ucce
ssfu
lly te
sted
on
mus
tard
seed
and
oth
er s
peci
es o
f the
bra
ssic
a fa
mily
in fi
ve
stat
es in
Indi
a. A
llege
dly,
the
tech
niqu
e, w
hich
invo
lves
pla
ntin
g of
sap
lings
inst
ead
of s
owin
g se
eds,
allo
ws
to s
igni
fican
tly in
crea
se y
ield
s. T
he m
etho
d en
tails
: (i)
tran
spla
ntin
g 8–
15 d
ays
old
sapl
ings
at r
elat
ivel
y la
rger
dis
tanc
e; (i
i) pr
efer
ring
natu
ral c
ompo
st to
syn
thet
ic fe
rtiliz
er;
(iii) e
arly
and
regu
lar w
eedi
ng; a
nd (iv
) car
eful
wat
er m
anag
emen
t. Th
e la
bour
inte
nsiv
e m
etho
d is
sai
d to
be
suita
ble
for f
arm
ers
with
sm
all l
and
hold
ings
and
spa
re la
bour
forc
e. F
arm
ers
are
advi
sed
to u
se c
onve
ntio
nal (
non-
GM
) lon
g-du
ratio
n va
rietie
s de
velo
ped
by t
he In
dian
Ag
ricul
tura
l Res
earc
h In
stitu
te.
36AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
yC
ocon
utFo
r 20
17,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of I
ndon
esia
has
allo
cate
d ID
R 28
billi
on (
USD
2.1
milli
on)
to
impr
ove
dom
estic
coc
onut
pro
duct
ion,
acc
ordi
ng to
the
loca
l pre
ss. H
ighe
r dom
estic
out
put i
s ne
eded
to m
eet g
row
ing
dem
and
for r
aw m
ater
ials
by
loca
l indu
strie
s. R
epor
tedl
y, In
done
sia’
s co
untry
wid
e co
conu
t cul
tivat
ion
prog
ram
me
will
incl
ude
(i) c
arry
ing
out a
com
plet
e in
vent
ory
on c
ocon
ut; (
ii) re
juve
natio
n of
coc
onut
sta
nds
in k
ey g
row
ing
regi
ons;
(iii)
map
ping
hig
h-yi
eldi
ng m
othe
r pal
ms
for s
eedl
ing
prod
uctio
n; a
nd (i
v) s
treng
then
ing
exis
ting
and
setti
ng u
p ne
w n
urse
ries.
37AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indo
nesi
aAu
gust
Oil
palm
Th
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndon
esia
issu
ed a
n oi
l pal
m re
plan
ting
plan
invo
lvin
g 4.
7 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
pla
ntat
ion.
The
initi
ativ
e is
aim
ed a
t boo
stin
g th
e cr
op’s
prod
uctiv
ity. R
epor
tedl
y, av
erag
e yi
elds
dro
pped
to 2
–3 to
nnes
of p
alm
oil
per h
ecta
re d
ue to
the
dete
riora
ting
age
stru
ctur
e of
th
e co
untry
’s oi
l pal
ms.
38AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Iran
(Isla
mic
Re
publ
ic o
f)Ju
neSo
ybea
nTh
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he Is
lam
ic R
ep. o
f Ira
n an
d th
e U
N F
ood
and
Agric
ultu
re O
rgan
izatio
n la
unch
ed a
two-
year
tech
nica
l coo
pera
tion
proj
ect f
or th
e pr
omot
ion
of s
usta
inab
le o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion
in t
he c
ount
ry,
with
par
ticul
ar a
ttent
ion
give
n to
the
soy
bean
val
ue c
hain
. U
ltim
atel
y, th
e pr
ojec
t aim
s at
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
stro
ng d
epen
denc
e on
impo
rted
oils
eed
prod
ucts
: cu
rrent
ly, a
bout
90
perc
ent o
f dom
estic
veg
etab
le o
il and
oilm
eal c
onsu
mpt
ion
are
met
thro
ugh
impo
rts.
39AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Keny
aM
arch
Coc
onut
pal
mKe
nya’
s N
uts
and
Oilc
rops
Dire
ctor
ate
anno
unce
d th
at it
will
dist
ribut
e 2.
1 m
illion
qua
lity
coco
nut
seed
lings
to
farm
ers
in t
he c
ount
ry’s
coas
tal
regi
on t
o bo
ost
prod
uctio
n an
d st
reng
then
the
coco
nut v
alue
cha
in (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Mar
.’15)
. To
rais
e pr
oduc
tivity
, far
mer
s w
ill be
enc
oura
ged
to re
plac
e se
nile
and
non
-pro
duct
ive
trees
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
mai
n pr
oble
ms
affec
ting
Keny
a’s
coco
nut s
ecto
r are
: lac
k of
ade
quat
e re
sear
ch; p
oor a
gron
omic
al p
ract
ices
; la
ck o
f app
ropr
iate
and
affo
rdab
le te
chno
logy
; exp
loita
tion
by m
iddl
emen
; and
lack
of a
cces
s to
cre
dit f
acilit
ies
by th
e sm
allh
olde
r far
mer
s.
10 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
40AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Mor
occo
May
Oliv
e oi
lAs
par
t of t
heir
cont
inui
ng s
uppo
rt to
Mor
occo
’s ol
ive
oil s
ecto
r, FA
O a
nd th
e Eu
rope
an B
ank
for
Reco
nstru
ctio
n an
d De
velo
pmen
t (E
BRD)
, in
colla
bora
tion
with
Inte
rpro
live,
Mor
occo
’s ol
ive
oil i
ndus
try a
ssoc
iatio
n, o
rgan
ized
a se
ries
of w
orks
hops
to
stre
ngth
en t
he c
ount
ry’s
oliv
e oi
l sec
tor.
The
initi
ativ
e br
ough
t tog
ethe
r pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e st
akeh
olde
rs. D
iscu
ssio
ns
focu
sed
on h
ow t
o im
prov
e th
e se
ctor
’s in
ter-p
rofe
ssio
nal o
rgan
izatio
n an
d en
sure
qua
lity
prod
uctio
n. In
the
mea
ntim
e, In
terp
roliv
e st
arte
d pr
ovid
ing
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
to it
s mem
bers
an
d la
unch
ed a
cam
paig
n to
enc
oura
ge M
oroc
can
cons
umer
s to
buy
bet
ter q
ualit
y ol
ive
oil
pack
aged
in b
ottle
s.
41AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Nig
eria
June
Oil
palm
Ac
cord
ing
to p
ress
repo
rts, N
iger
ia’s
Raw
Mat
eria
ls R
esea
rch &
Dev
elop
men
t Cou
ncil (
RMRD
C)
dist
ribut
ed 1
0 00
0 se
edlin
gs o
f a h
igh-
yiel
ding
oil
palm
var
iety
to fa
rmer
s as
soci
atio
ns a
nd
coop
erat
ives
with
a vi
ew to
(i) b
oost
the
prod
uctio
n of
raw
mat
eria
ls fo
r the
cou
ntry
’s ve
geta
ble
oil in
dust
ry, (
ii) di
vers
ify a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
n, a
nd (i
ii) re
duce
relia
nce
on im
porte
d pr
oduc
ts
(see
also
MPP
U J
une/
Nov
.’14
& Au
g.’1
5). T
he in
itiat
ive
is lin
ked
to a
fede
ral p
rogr
amm
e ai
med
at
dev
elop
ing
one
milli
on h
ecta
res
of o
il pa
lm o
ver fi
ve y
ears
. Rep
orte
dly,
RMRD
C w
ill al
so
colla
bora
te w
ith p
rivat
e se
ctor
inve
stor
s to
pro
mot
e th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f veg
etab
le o
il refi
ning
an
d ol
eoch
emic
al p
lant
s in
the
coun
try.
42AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paki
stan
Mar
chRa
pese
edA
stat
e-fu
nded
pro
ject
for
enha
ncin
g oi
lsee
d pr
oduc
tivity
has
bee
n la
unch
ed in
Pak
ista
n’s
Khyb
er P
akht
unkh
wa
Prov
ince
. Th
e pr
ojec
t, w
hich
was
des
igne
d to
pro
vide
hig
h-qu
ality
ce
rtifie
d ra
pese
ed to
farm
ers,
will
incl
ude
the
mul
tiplic
atio
n, p
rocu
rem
ent a
nd m
arke
ting
of
a hi
gh-y
ield
ing
rape
seed
var
iety
. The
pro
ject
will
be im
plem
ente
d in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith th
e pr
ivat
e se
ed b
usin
ess
and
loca
l ext
ract
ion
indu
stry
.
43AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paki
stan
Nov
embe
rSu
nflow
er s
eed
To s
timul
ate
dom
estic
oils
eed
prod
uctio
n an
d th
us h
elp
redu
ce t
he c
ount
ry’s
depe
nden
ce
on e
dibl
e oi
l im
ports
, far
mer
s cu
ltiva
ting
sunfl
ower
see
d in
Pun
jab
Prov
ince
will
rece
ive
a su
bsid
y of
PKR
5 0
00 p
er a
cre
(USD
45
per h
a). T
he lo
cal G
over
nmen
t als
o pl
ans
to s
et u
p re
gion
al s
unflo
wer
pro
cure
men
t cen
ters
(in
coop
erat
ion
with
the
coun
try’s
solv
ent e
xtra
ctor
s as
soci
atio
n), t
o en
sure
that
farm
ers
rece
ive
the
guar
ante
ed p
rice
of P
KR 6
2 50
0 pe
r ton
ne
(USD
568
).
44AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Philip
pine
sSe
ptem
ber
Coc
onut
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f the
Phi
lippi
nes
has
allo
cate
d PH
P 1.
4 bi
llion
(USD
27.
2 m
illion
) to
the
coun
try’s
Coc
onut
Aut
horit
y fo
r the
yea
r 201
8, m
atch
ing
the
curre
nt y
ear’s
leve
l. Ac
cord
ing
to th
e ag
ency
, the
bul
k of
the
reso
urce
s w
ill be
use
d fo
r rep
lant
ing
coco
nut t
rees
nat
ionw
ide.
Pr
ojec
ts o
n fe
rtiliz
atio
n, R
&D a
nd d
iver
sific
atio
n in
to h
igh-
valu
e co
conu
t pro
duct
s w
ill al
so
be s
uppo
rted.
With
rega
rd to
pla
ntin
gs, t
he a
genc
y’s ta
rget
is to
sup
port
the
plan
ting
of a
t le
ast 1
0 m
illion
pal
ms
in 2
017,
15
milli
on p
alm
s in
201
8, a
nd 2
0 m
illion
pal
ms
year
ly s
tarti
ng
in 2
019.
45AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Philip
pine
sDe
cem
ber
Coc
onut
The
Philip
pine
Coc
onut
Aut
horit
y pl
ans
to d
istri
bute
20
milli
on c
ocon
ut s
eedl
ings
dur
ing
the
2018
–202
0 pe
riod
via
its n
atio
nal r
epla
ntin
g pr
ogra
mm
e, in
a b
id to
revi
taliz
e th
e co
untry
’s co
conu
t ind
ustry
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly’
16 &
Oct
.’17)
.
46AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nSe
ptem
ber
Fish
oil/
mea
lAs
par
t of i
ts n
ewly
issu
ed lo
ng-te
rm d
evel
opm
ent s
trate
gy fo
r the
cou
ntry
’s fis
hing
indu
stry
, th
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n in
tend
s to
rais
e do
mes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n of
fish
mea
l, fis
hoil
and
fish
feed
fro
m p
elag
ic s
peci
es,
with
a v
iew
to
supp
ort
grow
th in
the
nat
ion’
s aq
uacu
lture
indu
stry
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 11
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
47AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Sri L
anka
Mar
chC
ocon
ut p
alm
In S
ri La
nka,
the
Min
istry
of P
rimar
y In
dust
ries
and
the
Min
istry
of P
lant
atio
ns a
re p
lann
ing
to jo
intly
laun
ch a
pro
gram
me
to in
crea
se d
omes
tic c
ocon
ut c
ultiv
atio
n. A
key
obj
ectiv
e of
th
e in
itiat
ive
will
be to
cat
er fo
r gro
win
g in
tern
atio
nal d
eman
d fo
r hig
h va
lue-
adde
d co
conu
t pr
oduc
ts.
48AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Sri L
anka
May
Coc
onut
Giv
en th
e pr
evai
ling
shor
tage
of c
ocon
ut in
the
dom
estic
mar
ket,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Sri
Lank
a is
con
side
ring
to li
bera
lize
the
impo
rtatio
n of
hus
ked
coco
nuts
and
fres
h co
conu
t ker
nel.
The
Gov
ernm
ent m
ay a
lso
allo
w in
vest
men
t int
o fre
sh c
ocon
ut m
illing
cap
acity
, with
a v
iew
to
fost
er d
omes
tic v
alue
add
ition
and
exp
orts
. Acc
ordi
ng to
gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als,
a fa
st-g
row
ing
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
ket f
or v
alue
-add
ed c
ocon
ut p
rodu
cts
(suc
h as
virg
in c
ocon
ut o
il, c
ocon
ut
milk
and
coc
onut
cre
am) h
as o
pene
d ne
w o
ppor
tuni
ties
for l
ocal
pro
cess
ors.
49AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Sri L
anka
Sept
embe
rC
ocon
utTh
e G
over
nmen
t of S
ri La
nka
set a
side
LKR
200
milli
on (U
SD 1
.3 m
illion
) for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f co
conu
t pro
duct
ion
in th
e co
untry
’s N
orth
ern
and
East
ern
prov
ince
s. P
ublic
inte
rven
tions
will
conc
entra
te o
n: (
i) id
entif
ying
sui
tabl
e la
nd; (
ii) th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f nur
serie
s an
d di
strib
utio
n of
pla
ntlin
gs; (
iii) s
ettin
g up
mod
el c
ocon
ut g
arde
ns; a
nd (i
v) in
frast
ruct
ure
deve
lopm
ent.
50AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Sri L
anka
Nov
embe
rO
il pa
lmAt
tract
ed b
y gr
owin
g in
tern
atio
nal d
eman
d fo
r pal
m o
il, S
ri La
nkan
pla
ntat
ion
com
pani
es a
re
plan
ning
to e
xpan
d th
e co
untry
’s ar
ea u
nder
oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion
and
are
callin
g fo
r inc
reas
ed
publ
ic s
uppo
rt to
do
so. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ce
ntra
l Gov
ernm
ent e
nvis
ages
tota
l cul
tivat
ed a
rea
to re
ach
20 0
00 h
ecta
res,
com
pare
d to
8 5
00 h
ecta
res
at p
rese
nt. H
owev
er, i
ndus
try e
xper
ts
poin
ted
out t
hat p
lant
atio
n co
mpa
nies
face
resi
stan
ce a
t the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent a
nd p
rovi
ncia
l co
unci
l lev
el.
51AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Thai
land
Mar
chC
ocon
ut p
alm
Thai
coc
onut
pro
duct
ion
is r
epor
ted
to h
ave
decl
ined
ste
adily
ove
r th
e pa
st fi
ve y
ears
be
caus
e of
dro
ught
and
des
truct
ive
pest
s. To
add
ress
the
resu
lting
sup
ply
shor
tage
s an
d ha
lt im
ports
of c
ocon
ut p
rodu
cts,
the
gove
rnm
ent h
as in
stru
cted
sta
te a
genc
ies
to d
evel
op a
ctio
n pl
ans
for b
oost
ing
dom
estic
pro
duct
ion.
The
pla
ns s
houl
d fo
cus
on e
xpan
ding
the
coun
try’s
plan
tatio
n ar
ea a
nd p
rom
otin
g su
itabl
e hi
gh-y
ield
ing
coco
nut v
arie
ties.
52AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Ukr
aine
Mar
chSo
ybea
nTh
e G
over
nmen
t of
Ukr
aine
ple
dged
to
supp
ort
furth
er g
row
th i
n do
mes
tic s
oybe
an
prod
uctio
n. R
epor
tedl
y, ar
eas
whe
re s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n ca
n be
exp
ande
d w
ill be
iden
tified
an
d th
e ad
optio
n of
mod
ern
prod
uctio
n te
chno
logi
es –
inc
ludi
ng i
n th
e fie
ld o
f or
gani
c pr
oduc
tion
– w
ill be
pro
mot
ed.
53AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Uni
ted
Stat
esSe
ptem
ber
Cam
elin
a oi
lTh
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of E
nerg
y ha
s ap
prov
ed a
USD
10
milli
on g
rant
to e
xplo
re w
ays
to ra
ise
the
oil c
onte
nt o
f cam
elin
a se
ed u
sing
gen
etic
seq
uenc
ing
and
mod
ifica
tion
tech
niqu
es. T
he
proj
ect w
ill be
led
by M
ichi
gan
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
. Hig
h oi
l-yie
ldin
g va
rietie
s ar
e ex
pect
ed to
at
tract
the
inte
rest
of U
.S. f
arm
ers,
as
cam
elin
a ca
n be
gro
wn
on a
gric
ultu
rally
mar
gina
l land
s,
requ
ires
limite
d fe
rtiliz
er a
nd w
ater
, and
offe
rs g
ood
resi
stan
ce to
pes
t and
dis
ease
. Cam
elin
a oi
l has
bee
n su
cces
sful
ly b
lend
ed in
to c
ivil
and
milit
ary
avia
tion
fuel
. Fur
ther
mor
e, t
he o
il is
use
d as
a fe
ed in
gred
ient
in a
quac
ultu
re a
nd le
nds
itsel
f for
a v
arie
ty o
f pha
rmac
eutic
al,
cosm
etic
and
indu
stria
l use
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’17
).
12 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
54AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Vanu
atu,
Sam
oaM
arch
Coc
onut
pal
mTh
e Pa
cific
Com
mun
ity (S
PC) a
nd th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
pla
n to
sup
port
the
coco
nut i
ndus
try in
Sa
moa
and
Vanu
atu
as p
art o
f a n
ew re
gion
al in
itiat
ive t
o im
prov
e the
bus
ines
s com
petit
iven
ess
of s
mal
l pro
duce
rs. T
he E
UR
3.5
milli
on (U
SD 3
.7 m
illion
) Coc
onut
Indu
stry
Dev
elop
men
t Pr
ojec
t (C
IDP)
is
expe
cted
to
impr
ove
the
livel
ihoo
d of
sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s in
the
tw
o co
untri
es b
y su
ppor
ting
inno
vatio
n in
coc
onut
pro
duct
ion
and
stre
ngth
enin
g re
gion
al m
arke
t in
tegr
atio
n. In
the
Pac
ific
regi
on, t
he c
ocon
ut s
ecto
r su
ppor
ts r
ural
pop
ulat
ion
livel
ihoo
ds,
play
s a
cent
ral r
ole
in th
e di
ets
of p
eopl
e, a
nd c
ontri
bute
s to
exp
ort e
arni
ngs.
New
inte
rest
in
coco
nut p
rodu
cts
such
as
virg
in c
ocon
ut o
il, c
ocon
ut w
ater
, coc
onut
sap
and
tim
ber i
s sa
id
to o
ffer o
ppor
tuni
ties
for t
he in
dust
ry’s
grow
th.
55AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Vanu
atu
Augu
stC
ocon
utTh
e G
over
nmen
t of V
anua
tu p
ledg
ed to
sup
port
the
plan
ting
of 1
milli
on c
ocon
ut tr
ees
by
2026
. Rep
orte
dly,
apar
t fro
m g
row
ing
old,
exi
stin
g pa
lms
have
with
ered
bec
ause
of c
yclo
nes.
U
npro
duct
ive
trees
will
be fe
lled
and
used
as
timbe
r.
56AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Zam
bia
Sept
embe
rPa
lm o
il Ac
cord
ing
to p
ress
repo
rts, t
he Z
ambi
an G
over
nmen
t has
pro
vide
d eq
uity
fina
nce
to a
loca
l pa
lm o
il ve
ntur
e in
a b
id to
hel
p re
duce
the
coun
try’s
depe
nden
ce o
n im
ports
of c
rude
pal
m
oil a
nd c
ooki
ng o
ils. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e pu
blic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ip w
ill fo
cus
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
oil p
alm
pla
ntat
ions
, inc
ludi
ng o
ut-g
row
er s
chem
es fo
r loc
al fa
rmer
s an
d th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
of a
pal
m o
il m
ill. B
y su
ppor
ting
the
prod
uctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
of c
rude
pal
m o
il, th
e pr
ojec
t –
once
it re
ache
s fu
ll ca
paci
ty –
is e
xpec
ted
to h
elp
subs
titut
e 70
000
tonn
es o
f coo
king
oil
impo
rted
into
Zam
bia.
57AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Zim
babw
eJu
lySo
ybea
nAc
cord
ing
to m
edia
repo
rts, t
he G
over
nmen
t of Z
imba
bwe
is p
lann
ing
to la
unch
– w
ith su
ppor
t fro
m t
he p
rivat
e se
ctor
– a
loan
fac
ility
to s
uppo
rt th
e co
untry
’s oi
lsee
d fa
rmer
s in
a b
id
to s
timul
ate
dom
estic
pro
duct
ion,
esp
ecia
lly o
f soy
. Fun
ding
wou
ld b
e di
rect
ed p
rimar
ily to
irr
igat
ion
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d fa
rmer
pur
chas
es o
f see
ds, f
ertil
izers
and
pes
ticid
es. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e co
untry
’s oi
lsee
d pr
oduc
ers’
ass
ocia
tion
alre
ady
iden
tified
farm
ers
willi
ng to
sow
a to
tal o
f 60
000
hec
tare
s in
the
forth
com
ing
seas
on.
58AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Zim
babw
eAu
gust
Soyb
ean
For t
he 2
017/
18 s
easo
n, th
e G
over
nmen
t of Z
imba
bwe
fixed
the
pric
e fo
r soy
bean
s de
liver
ed
to th
e st
ate-
owne
d G
rain
Mar
ketin
g Bo
ard
at U
SD 6
10 p
er to
nne,
i.e.
22
perc
ent a
bove
the
prev
ailin
g pr
ice
of U
SD 5
00. T
he m
easu
re is
mea
nt to
stim
ulat
e do
mes
tic s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n,
thus
hel
ping
to re
duce
the
coun
try’s
depe
nden
ce o
n im
porte
d ed
ible
oil.
59AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Braz
il, P
arag
uay,
Boliv
iaM
aySo
ybea
n ru
stSc
ient
ists
, in
dust
ry r
epre
sent
ativ
es a
nd g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s fro
m B
razil
, Pa
ragu
ay a
nd
Boliv
ia s
et u
p a
wor
king
gro
up to
com
bat t
he s
prea
ding
of s
oybe
an ru
st (a
fung
al d
isea
se th
at
affec
ts s
oybe
ans
and
othe
r leg
umin
ous
crop
s) in
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
In B
razil
, one
of t
he m
ost
effec
tive
mea
sure
s to
com
bat t
he d
isea
se h
as b
een
the
enfo
rcem
ent o
f a s
oybe
an-fr
ee p
erio
d of
3–4
mon
ths
whe
n no
live
soy
bean
pla
nts
are
perm
itted
alo
ng fi
elds
or a
roun
d st
orag
e an
d tra
nspo
rt fa
cilit
ies,
to h
inde
r the
mov
emen
t of r
ust s
pore
s fro
m o
ne g
row
ing
seas
on to
the
next
(s
ee M
PPU
May
& A
ug.’1
5). T
he w
orki
ng g
roup
will
look
into
the
poss
ibilit
y of
impl
emen
ting
sim
ilar r
estri
ctio
ns in
Par
agua
y an
d Bo
livia
. Fur
ther
mor
e, c
oord
inat
ed e
fforts
are
env
isag
ed to
sl
ow d
own
the
dise
ase’
s in
crea
sing
resi
stan
ce to
com
mon
ly e
mpl
oyed
pes
ticid
es.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 13
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
60AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Braz
ilJu
lySo
ybea
n ru
stTh
e Br
azilia
n st
ate
of M
ato
Gro
sso
du S
ul is
pre
parin
g to
join
the
sta
tes
of M
ato
Gro
sso,
G
oias
and
Par
ana
in im
posi
ng a
n an
nual
soy
bean
-free
per
iod
to h
elp
cont
rol t
he s
prea
d of
As
ian
soyb
ean
rust
from
one
gro
win
g se
ason
to th
e ne
xt. T
he m
easu
re w
ould
ban
the
so-
calle
d sa
frinh
a cr
op, i
.e. t
he p
ract
ice
of p
lant
ing
a se
cond
cro
p of
soy
bean
s in
the
sam
e fie
ld
durin
g th
e sa
me
grow
ing
seas
on. E
ven
thou
gh s
afrin
ha s
oybe
ans
only
acc
ount
for
a ve
ry
smal
l acr
eage
in M
ato
Gro
sso
du S
ul, s
cien
tists
con
firm
ed th
e cr
ucia
l im
porta
nce
of th
e ba
n in
thei
r effo
rts to
con
trol t
he d
isea
se. O
nce
the
mea
sure
will
beco
me
effec
tive
in th
e na
med
st
ate,
abo
ut tw
o th
irds
of B
razil
’s so
ybea
n ar
ea w
ill be
sub
ject
to s
afrin
ha re
stric
tions
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Jun
e’17
on
effor
ts to
intro
duce
sim
ilar r
estri
ctio
ns in
nei
ghbo
urin
g Pa
ragu
ay a
nd
Boliv
ia.)
61AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Braz
ilN
ovem
ber
Fung
icid
eA
fung
icid
e de
velo
ped
prim
arily
to c
omba
t Asi
an s
oy ru
st h
as re
ceiv
ed re
gula
tory
app
rova
l in
Bra
zil. C
omm
erci
aliza
tion
of th
e ne
w p
rodu
ct is
exp
ecte
d to
beg
in b
efor
e th
e st
art o
f the
20
18/1
9 cr
op.
62AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Can
ada
May
Her
bici
deC
anad
a’s
Food
Insp
ectio
n Ag
ency
(CFI
A) d
eter
min
ed th
at g
lyph
osat
e –
a he
rbic
ide
wid
ely
used
in th
e cu
ltiva
tion
of o
ilsee
ds, o
ther
ara
ble
crop
s an
d fru
its –
is n
eith
er g
enot
oxic
nor
likel
y to
pos
e a
hum
an c
ance
r ris
k an
d th
at d
ieta
ry e
xpos
ure
asso
ciat
ed w
ith u
se o
f the
her
bici
de
is u
nlik
ely
to p
ose
sign
ifica
nt r
isks
to
hum
an h
ealth
. The
age
ncy’s
dec
isio
n fo
llow
s si
mila
r ju
dgem
ents
in th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5 &
Apr.’
17) a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(see
M
PPU
Nov
.’16)
.
63AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Can
ada
Sept
embe
rIn
sect
icid
eC
iting
saf
ety
conc
erns
, Can
ada’
s he
alth
aut
horit
ies
prop
osed
a c
ompl
ete
phas
e-ou
t of
an
inse
ctic
ide
know
n by
the
com
mer
cial
nam
e ‘m
atad
or’.
The
pest
icid
e, w
hich
is w
idel
y us
ed
in r
apes
eed
culti
vatio
n, c
ontro
ls p
ests
suc
h as
flea
bee
tles,
cut
wor
ms,
ber
tha
arm
ywor
ms
and
diam
ondb
ack
mot
hs.
Farm
ers
have
bee
n in
vite
d to
sha
re t
heir
com
men
ts a
bout
the
en
visa
ged
mea
sure
with
Can
ada’
s Pe
st M
anag
emen
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy.
Acco
rdin
g to
in
dust
ry r
epre
sent
ativ
es, t
he p
ropo
sed
ban
wou
ld g
reat
ly h
arm
rap
esee
d gr
ower
s an
d th
e in
dust
ry a
s a
who
le. O
bser
vers
als
o po
inte
d ou
t tha
t Can
ada
ough
t to
alig
n its
regu
latio
ns
with
oth
er c
ount
ries
such
as
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, d
ue to
the
larg
e am
ount
of r
apes
eeds
that
is
expo
rted.
64AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onJa
nuar
yXy
lella
fast
idio
saTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on h
as la
unch
ed a
mul
tidis
cipl
inar
y re
sear
ch p
rogr
amm
e ai
med
at
impr
ovin
g th
e pr
even
tion,
ear
ly d
etec
tion
and
cont
rol o
f xyl
ella
fast
idio
sa, a
bac
teria
l dis
ease
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r the
qui
ck w
iltin
g an
d di
ebac
k sy
ndro
me
that
des
troye
d ol
ive
trees
in s
outh
ern
Italy
and
has
bee
n de
tect
ed in
nei
ghbo
urin
g co
untri
es (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
./Dec
.’16)
. The
four
-ye
ar p
roje
ct w
ill be
nefit
from
the
colla
bora
tion
of 2
9 re
sear
ch c
ente
rs lo
cate
d in
14
coun
tries
ar
ound
the
wor
ld.
The
prin
cipa
l ob
ject
ive
is t
o pr
even
t th
e sp
read
of
the
dise
ase
and
deve
lop
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
inte
grat
ed m
anag
emen
t stra
tegy
, so
as to
miti
gate
the
econ
omic
, en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l asp
ects
of e
pide
mic
con
ditio
ns w
orld
wid
e. P
ropo
sed
actio
ns w
ill be
com
plem
enta
ry t
o ot
her
on-g
oing
effo
rts.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e xy
lella
fas
tidio
sa p
atho
gen
orig
inat
ed in
Bra
zil a
nd is
wid
ely
dist
ribut
ed in
the
Amer
ican
con
tinen
t, fro
m w
here
it tr
avel
led
to th
e O
ld W
orld
via
infe
cted
pla
nt m
ater
ial.
14 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
65AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onM
arch
Her
bici
deTh
e Eu
rope
an C
hem
ical
Age
ncy
(EC
HA)
rec
kons
tha
t th
ere
are
no g
roun
ds t
o cl
assi
fy
glyp
hosa
te (a
her
bici
des
used
ext
ensi
vely
on
oilc
rops
and
gra
ins
wor
ldw
ide)
as
a ca
rcin
ogen
, as
a m
utag
en o
r as
tox
ic fo
r re
prod
uctio
n. T
he a
genc
y in
form
ed t
hat
its a
sses
smen
t w
as
base
d on
ava
ilabl
e sc
ient
ific
evid
ence
and
pre
cede
d by
clo
se c
onsu
ltatio
ns w
ith a
ll re
leva
nt
stak
ehol
ders
. EC
HA’
s op
inio
n ha
d be
en r
eque
sted
by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
whe
n it
rene
wed
the
EU
lice
nse
for
glyp
hosa
te la
st y
ear
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
16).
The
Com
mis
sion
is
expe
cted
to ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt th
e ag
ency
’s op
inio
n w
hen
it de
cide
s –
late
r thi
s ye
ar –
whe
ther
to
rene
w th
e lic
ense
furth
er. E
CH
A’s
findi
ngs
tally
with
an
earli
er o
pini
on p
ublis
hed
by th
e Eu
rope
an F
ood
Safe
ty A
utho
rity,
but c
ontra
dict
a re
port
issu
ed b
y th
e W
HO
’s In
tern
atio
nal
Agen
cy fo
r Res
earc
h on
Can
cer (
see
MPP
U A
pr. &
Dec
.’15)
. Fur
ther
mor
e, in
May
201
6, a
join
t FA
O/W
HO
mee
ting
on p
estic
ide
resi
dues
con
clud
ed t
hat
glyp
hosa
te is
unl
ikel
y to
pos
e a
carc
inog
enic
risk
to h
uman
s fro
m e
xpos
ure
thro
ugh
the
diet
. A n
umbe
r of c
ivil s
ocie
ty g
roup
s qu
estio
ned
ECH
A’s
asse
ssm
ent.
Acco
rdin
g to
Gre
enpe
ace,
EC
HA
has
not t
aken
into
acc
ount
sc
ient
ific
evid
ence
of
canc
er in
labo
rato
ry a
nim
als,
ove
rlook
ed t
he v
iew
s of
inde
pend
ent
scie
ntis
ts,
and
relie
d on
unp
ublis
hed
indu
stry
stu
dies
. C
once
rns
wer
e al
so r
aise
d ab
out
poss
ible
con
flict
s of
inte
rest
at E
CH
A.
66AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onM
ayH
erbi
cide
Base
d on
the
late
st s
tate
of s
cien
tific
rese
arch
and
taki
ng in
to a
ccou
nt th
e fin
ding
s of
a s
tudy
re
cent
ly c
ondu
cted
by
the
Euro
pean
Che
mic
al A
genc
y (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’17)
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on d
ecid
ed t
o st
art
cons
ulta
tions
with
Mem
ber
Stat
es a
bout
a p
ossi
ble
10-y
ear
rene
wal
of t
he a
ppro
val o
f gly
phos
ate
– on
e of
the
wor
ld’s
mos
t wid
ely
used
her
bici
des.
The
18
-mon
th a
ppro
val g
rant
ed la
st J
uly
is d
ue to
exp
ire in
Dec
embe
r 201
7.
67AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onM
ayIn
sect
icid
eTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on is
con
side
ring
to c
onve
rt th
e EU
’s ex
istin
g te
mpo
rary
mor
ator
ium
on
neo
nico
tinoi
d-ba
sed
inse
ctic
ides
int
o a
perm
anen
t ba
n. T
he a
llege
dly
bee-
harm
ing
pest
icid
es a
re w
idel
y us
ed in
the
culti
vatio
n of
rape
seed
, sug
ar b
eet a
nd o
ther
cro
ps. I
n re
cent
m
onth
s, fa
rmer
s’ re
pres
enta
tives
and
indu
stry
gro
ups
disp
uted
the
resu
lts o
f stu
dies
link
ing
the
inse
ctic
ides
to
bee
decl
ines
. Th
ey a
lso
clai
med
tha
t pr
oduc
ers
rely
on
neon
icot
inoi
d pr
oduc
ts t
o ki
ll di
seas
e-sp
read
ing
aphi
ds t
hat
are
resi
stan
t to
oth
er p
estic
ides
(se
e al
so
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7). E
xper
ts a
lso
poin
ted
out t
hat t
he p
ropo
sed
ban
coul
d le
ad to
oth
er ty
pes
of
pest
icid
es b
eing
ove
ruse
d, p
oten
tially
allo
win
g pe
sts
to d
evel
op re
sist
ance
to th
em.
68AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onSe
ptem
ber
Her
bici
deTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on in
form
ed th
at th
e M
embe
r Sta
tes
vote
on
whe
ther
or n
ot to
ext
end
the
licen
se fo
r gly
phos
ate-
base
d he
rbic
ides
has
bee
n po
stpo
ned
to la
ter t
his
year
, add
ing
that
a
qual
ified
maj
ority
will
be n
eede
d fo
r the
pro
pose
d 10
-yea
r ren
ewal
to g
o ah
ead
(see
also
M
PPU
Apr
. & J
une
’17)
. The
18-
mon
th a
ppro
val g
rant
ed in
201
6 is
due
to e
xpire
in D
ecem
ber
2017
. The
Com
mis
sion
’s pr
opos
al fo
r a 1
0-ye
ar-e
xten
sion
(ins
tead
of t
he c
usto
mar
y 15
yea
rs)
incl
udes
a n
umbe
r of
spe
cific
pro
visi
ons
that
Mem
ber
Stat
es w
ould
nee
d to
fol
low
whe
n co
nsid
erin
g ap
plic
atio
ns f
or g
lyph
osat
e-ba
sed
prod
ucts
. M
eanw
hile
, on
e M
embe
r St
ate
prop
osed
to c
onsi
der p
hasi
ng o
ut g
lyph
osat
e ov
er a
five
- or s
even
-yea
r per
iod.
In g
ener
al, t
he
deba
te a
bout
hum
an h
ealth
risk
s as
soci
ated
with
the
chem
ical
’s us
e re
mai
ns c
ontro
vers
ial,
in
both
Eur
ope
and
else
whe
re. I
n C
anad
a an
d th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, rec
ent r
evie
ws
cond
ucte
d by
re
gula
tory
aut
horit
ies
clai
m th
at s
uch
risks
are
not
sig
nific
ant (
see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6 &
June
’17)
. At
the
inte
rnat
iona
l lev
el, t
here
is a
lso
the
need
to a
lign
regu
latio
ns b
etw
een
trade
par
tner
s in
or
der t
o pr
even
t div
ergi
ng ru
les
from
cau
sing
trad
e di
srup
tions
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 15
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
69AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onN
ovem
ber
Her
bici
deAf
ter a
leng
thy
deba
te o
ver p
oten
tial c
ance
r-cau
sing
risk
s of
gly
phos
ate,
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on
exte
nded
its
auth
oriza
tion
for t
he h
erbi
cide
for a
n ab
brev
iate
d pe
riod
of fi
ve y
ears
(see
also
M
PPU
Oct
.’17)
. Non
-rene
wal
of t
he li
cens
e, w
hich
was
sch
edul
ed to
exp
ire o
n 15
Dec
embe
r 20
17, c
ould
hav
e le
d to
dis
rupt
ions
in g
loba
l gra
in tr
ade.
Fra
nce,
whi
ch v
oted
aga
inst
the
rene
wal
, ann
ounc
ed th
at it
wou
ld d
raw
up
a pl
an fo
r pha
sing
out
the
herb
icid
e’s
use
on it
s te
rrito
ry o
ver t
he n
ext t
hree
yea
rs.
70AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
onDe
cem
ber
Xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
Ten
EU m
embe
r cou
ntrie
s ag
reed
on
a ro
ad m
ap o
utlin
ing
next
ste
ps to
com
bat t
he b
acte
rial
dise
ase
xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
that
was
firs
t det
ecte
d on
oliv
e tre
es in
Ital
y in
201
3 an
d is
now
pr
esen
t in
four
mem
ber s
tate
s, th
reat
enin
g a
rang
e of
cro
ps (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’17)
. The
Eu
rope
an F
ood
Safe
ty A
utho
rity
agre
ed to
upd
ate
its 2
015
risk
asse
ssm
ent o
f the
dis
ease
, an
d th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on o
ffere
d to
mak
e av
aila
ble
EUR
10 m
illion
(USD
12.
1 m
illion
) to
supp
ort r
esea
rch,
impr
ove
prev
entio
n m
easu
res
and
com
bat t
he p
est.
Con
cern
ed c
ount
ries
high
light
ed th
e ne
ed to
i) re
stric
t the
mov
emen
t of r
isky
mat
eria
l with
in th
e EU
, ii)
enha
nce
dete
ctio
n an
d su
rvei
llanc
e an
d m
aint
ain
an u
pdat
ed li
st o
f lo
catio
ns w
here
the
dis
ease
is
pres
ent,
and
iii) c
onsi
der c
onta
inm
ent s
trate
gies
whe
re e
radi
catio
n is
not
pos
sibl
e. C
urre
ntly,
no
tre
atm
ent
exis
ts f
or t
he in
sect
-tran
smitt
ed p
est.
The
Euro
pean
Uni
on’s
past
foc
us o
n cu
lling
infe
cted
tree
s in
Ital
y’s A
pulia
regi
on m
et w
ith re
sist
ance
by
loca
l gro
wer
s (s
ee M
PPU
Ju
ly’16
).
71AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
ayPe
stic
ide
Acco
rdin
g to
see
d co
mpa
ny M
onsa
nto,
the
US
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) is
sued
re
gist
ratio
n fo
r tio
xaza
fen,
a n
emat
icid
e sa
id t
o pr
ovid
e br
oad-
spec
trum
con
trol
of p
lant
pa
rasi
tic n
emat
odes
in m
aize
, soy
bean
s an
d co
tton.
Rep
orte
dly,
EPA’
s re
gist
ratio
n w
ill en
able
U
S fa
rmer
s to
use
the
pest
icid
e in
201
8, p
endi
ng s
tate
app
rova
ls.
72AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esSe
ptem
ber
Her
bici
deAl
lege
dly,
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, mor
e th
an o
ne m
illion
hec
tare
s of
soy
bean
s an
d ot
her c
rops
vu
lner
able
to th
e he
rbic
ide
dica
mba
(i.e
. var
ietie
s th
at w
ere
not e
ngin
eere
d to
resi
st d
icam
ba)
have
bee
n da
mag
ed th
is y
ear a
s a
resu
lt of
spr
ayin
gs o
n ne
ighb
ourin
g fie
lds.
Exp
erts
hav
e lin
ked
the
dam
age
to th
e he
rbic
ide’
s te
nden
cy to
vap
orize
and
drif
t acr
oss
field
s, tr
igge
ring
tem
pora
ry b
ans
of th
e co
ntro
vers
ial h
erbi
cide
in A
rkan
sas
and
Mis
sour
i. N
atio
n-w
ide
use
of
the
chem
ical
had
bee
n ap
prov
ed in
Nov
embe
r las
t yea
r by
the
U.S
. Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) –
for a
lim
ited
perio
d of
two
year
s an
d pr
ovid
ed th
at s
peci
al s
afet
y m
easu
res
wer
e ap
plie
d (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
. Now
, to
addr
ess
the
prob
lem
s en
coun
tere
d an
d en
sure
vu
lner
able
pla
nts
are
adeq
uate
ly p
rote
cted
, EPA
is e
valu
atin
g th
e fo
llow
ing
rem
edia
l act
ions
: (i)
intro
duci
ng ti
ghte
r res
trict
ions
on
whe
n an
d ho
w to
spr
ay d
icam
ba; (
ii) re
quiri
ng e
nhan
ced
train
ing
for
user
s of
the
herb
icid
e; a
nd (i
ii) re
clas
sify
ing
the
prod
uct t
o pr
even
t the
gen
eral
pu
blic
from
buy
ing
it. If
impl
emen
ted,
suc
h re
stric
tions
cou
ld a
ffect
farm
ers’
see
d pu
rcha
ses:
so
ybea
n gr
ower
s m
ight
sta
y aw
ay fr
om b
uyin
g di
cam
ba-re
sist
ant v
arie
ties
– w
hich
, thi
s ye
ar,
acco
unte
d fo
r alm
ost o
ne-fo
urth
of t
he U
nite
d St
ates
’ tot
al s
oybe
an a
rea.
73AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Her
bici
deFo
llow
ing
repo
rts o
f sig
nific
ant c
rop
dam
age
from
her
bici
de d
rift i
n th
e U
nite
d St
ates
’ far
m
belt
and
Sout
heas
t (se
e M
PPU
Oct
.’17)
, the
U.S
. Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) h
as
reac
hed
an a
gree
men
t with
the
man
ufac
ture
rs o
f her
bici
de d
icam
ba o
n m
easu
res
to p
rote
ct
neig
hbou
ring
crop
s fro
m t
he c
hem
ical
’s us
e on
GM
soy
bean
and
cot
ton
field
s. D
icam
ba
prod
ucer
s ag
reed
to
labe
l cha
nges
tha
t im
pose
add
ition
al r
equi
rem
ents
for
use
rs o
f th
e he
rbic
ide.
EPA
will
mon
itor t
he s
ucce
ss o
f the
se c
hang
es b
efor
e de
cidi
ng w
heth
er to
allo
w
the
herb
icid
e’s
use
beyo
nd th
e 20
18 g
row
ing
seas
on.
16 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
74AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
Her
bici
deSi
nce
fede
ral a
utho
ritie
s re
stric
ted
the
use
of th
e he
rbic
ide
dica
mba
late
last
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
O
ct.
& De
c.’1
7),
addi
tiona
l, st
ate-
spec
ific
rest
rictio
ns h
ave
been
im
pose
d in
Ark
ansa
s,
Min
neso
ta, M
isso
uri a
nd N
orth
Dak
ota.
The
mea
sure
s ar
e m
eant
to re
duce
inst
ance
s of
the
herb
icid
e dr
iftin
g an
d da
mag
ing
neig
hbou
ring
field
s. A
gri-b
usin
ess
com
pany
Mon
sant
o,
whi
ch m
arke
ts d
icam
ba-b
ased
her
bici
des
alon
g w
ith g
enet
ical
ly e
ngin
eere
d di
cam
ba-to
lera
nt
varie
ties
of s
oybe
ans
and
cotto
n to
hel
p fa
rmer
s co
ntro
l wee
ds th
at d
evel
oped
resi
stan
ce to
ot
her h
erbi
cide
s, m
aint
ains
that
the
chem
ical
s ar
e sa
fe w
hen
prop
erly
app
lied.
Rep
orte
dly,
Mon
sant
o de
cide
d to
offe
r US
soy
farm
ers
a ca
sh in
cent
ive
if th
ey a
gree
to u
se th
e he
rbic
ide
on th
e co
mpa
ny’s
GM
soy
bean
s. T
he re
cent
ly im
pose
d re
gula
tory
rest
rictio
ns a
re e
xpec
ted
to d
rive
up th
e co
sts
of u
sing
dic
amba
, whi
ch M
onsa
nto
is a
imin
g to
cou
nter
with
its
cash
-ba
ck o
ffer.
75AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
Her
bici
deA
draf
t hum
an ri
sk a
sses
smen
t rel
ease
d by
the
U.S
. Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA)
conc
lude
s th
at g
lyph
osat
e –
a w
idel
y us
ed t
houg
h co
ntro
vers
ial h
erbi
cide
– is
not
like
ly
to b
e ca
rcin
ogen
ic to
hum
ans.
The
age
ncy
adde
d th
at n
o ot
her
mea
ning
ful r
isk
to h
uman
he
alth
was
foun
d w
hen
the
prod
uct i
s us
ed a
ccor
ding
to la
bel i
nstru
ctio
ns. E
PA h
as c
alle
d fo
r pub
lic c
omm
ents
on
its a
sses
smen
t. Th
e ag
ency
’s fin
al d
ecis
ion,
whi
ch is
sch
edul
ed fo
r 20
19, w
ill ou
tline
any
pro
pose
d ris
k m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s, s
houl
d th
ese
be d
eem
ed n
eces
sary
. M
eanw
hile
, in
the
stat
e of
Cal
iforn
ia, p
rodu
cts
that
may
con
tain
gly
phos
ate
are
requ
ired
to
carry
war
ning
labe
ls s
tatin
g th
e ch
emic
al is
kno
wn
to th
e st
ate
to c
ause
can
cer –
a d
ecis
ion
that
has
bee
n ch
alle
nged
by
US
farm
gro
ups
and
prod
ucer
s of
the
chem
ical
.
76AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Chi
naM
ayAl
l cro
psTh
e G
over
nmen
t of
Chi
na p
lans
to
intro
duce
new
agr
icul
tura
l in
sura
nce
prog
ram
mes
in
sele
cted
cou
ntie
s to
com
pens
ate
farm
ers
for c
rop
loss
es re
sulti
ng fr
om n
atur
al d
isas
ters
. The
ne
w in
sura
nce
pack
ages
wou
ld b
e off
ered
to fa
mily
farm
s, la
rge-
scal
e gr
ower
s an
d fa
rmer
s’
coop
erat
ives
.
77BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAr
gent
ina
June
Biod
iese
lTh
e Ar
gent
ine
Gov
ernm
ent s
uspe
nded
the
coun
try’s
expo
rt du
ty o
n bi
odie
sel f
or th
e m
onth
s of
Jun
e an
d Ju
ly. In
Apr
il an
d M
ay, t
he v
aria
ble
duty
, whi
ch is
revi
ewed
on
a m
onth
ly b
asis
, st
ood
at, r
espe
ctiv
ely
7.05
per
cent
and
0.1
3 pe
rcen
t. Th
e du
ty’s
susp
ensi
on is
exp
ecte
d to
im
prov
e th
e co
mpe
titiv
enes
s of
the
Arge
ntin
e bi
odie
sel o
n th
e w
orld
mar
ket,
at a
tim
e w
hen
the
coun
try’s
expo
rt pr
ospe
cts
are
thre
aten
ed b
y re
duce
d de
man
d fro
m k
ey b
uyer
s, n
otab
ly
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es (s
ee b
elow
and
MPP
U J
une’
17).
78BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAr
gent
ina
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
The
Gov
ernm
ent
anno
unce
d a
rise
in t
he c
ount
ry’s
varia
ble
expo
rt ta
x on
bio
dies
el f
rom
ze
ro p
erce
nt a
pplie
d in
Dec
embe
r 201
7 to
a fi
xed
rate
of 8
per
cent
, effe
ctiv
e 1
Janu
ary
2018
. C
onsi
derin
g th
at, a
t the
sam
e tim
e, th
e Ja
nuar
y ex
port
tariff
rate
for s
oy o
il is
goi
ng to
be
low
ered
to 2
6.5
perc
ent (
from
27
perc
ent a
pplie
d in
Dec
embe
r), th
e ta
x di
ffere
nce
betw
een
the
two
prod
ucts
is s
et to
dro
p fro
m 2
7 pe
rcen
t to
18.5
per
cent
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
redu
ced
tax
diffe
rent
ial c
ould
resu
lt in
neg
otia
tions
with
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es re
gard
ing
that
cou
ntry
’s re
cent
ly
impo
sed
anti-
dum
ping
and
cou
nter
vailin
g du
ties
on i
mpo
rts o
f Ar
gent
ine
biod
iese
l (N
.B.
The
Uni
ted
Stat
es li
kene
d Ar
gent
ina’
s ta
x di
ffere
ntia
l to
a su
bsid
y fo
r the
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel
prod
ucer
s –
see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
7). M
arke
t obs
erve
rs p
oint
ed o
ut th
at th
e hi
gher
taxa
tion
of
biod
iese
l exp
orts
cou
ld n
egat
ivel
y aff
ect A
rgen
tina’
s sa
les
of th
e fu
el to
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 17
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
79BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Sept
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
gov
ernm
ent
sour
ces,
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
of b
iodi
esel
into
reg
ular
tra
nspo
rt di
esel
will
be r
aise
d fro
m 8
per
cent
to
10 p
erce
nt t
owar
ds t
he e
nd o
f th
e cu
rrent
yea
r –
i.e.
mor
e th
an o
ne y
ear
earli
er t
han
orig
inal
ly p
lann
ed (
see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6).
Offi
cial
s fro
m
Braz
il’s M
ines
and
Ene
rgy
Min
istry
exp
ect
the
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Polic
y C
ounc
il to
app
rove
th
e sh
ift t
o th
e hi
gher
ble
ndin
g m
anda
te b
y De
cem
ber
2017
, in
line
with
effo
rts t
o lif
t th
e co
untry
’s bi
ofue
l out
put,
redu
ce im
ports
of
min
eral
oil
prod
ucts
, an
d m
eet
natio
nal G
HG
re
duct
ion
com
mitm
ents
. Mor
eove
r, th
e G
over
nmen
t is
expe
cted
to a
nnou
nce
deta
ils a
bout
‘R
enov
aBio
’, a
pack
age
of in
cent
ives
and
regu
lato
ry m
easu
res
aim
ed a
t (i)
rais
ing
dom
estic
bi
ofue
l pro
duct
ion
and
cons
umpt
ion,
(ii)
attra
ctin
g in
vest
men
ts, a
nd (i
ii) fo
ster
ing
com
petit
ion
with
in th
e se
ctor
.
80BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
indu
stry
offi
cial
s, B
razil
’s N
atio
nal E
nerg
y Po
licy
Cou
ncil
(CN
PE) r
ecom
men
ded
rais
ing
the
coun
try’s
man
dato
ry b
iofu
el b
lend
ing
rate
to
10 p
erce
nt in
Mar
ch 2
018
– tw
o po
ints
abo
ve t
he c
urre
nt 8
per
cent
rat
e. T
he G
over
nmen
t’s o
rigin
al p
lan
only
env
isag
ed a
on
e-po
int i
ncre
ase
(to 9
per
cent
) in
Mar
ch 2
018,
follo
wed
by
a ra
te o
f 10
perc
ent i
n 20
19 (s
ee
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6 &
Oct
.’17)
. CN
PE’s
prop
osal
, whi
ch w
ould
rais
e ne
xt y
ear’s
dom
estic
bio
dies
el
prod
uctio
n by
app
roxi
mat
ely
1 m
illion
tonn
es, i
s no
w b
eing
revi
ewed
by
the
Gov
ernm
ent.
81BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Braz
il Lo
wer
Hou
se p
asse
d ‘R
enov
aBio
’, a
prop
osed
pac
kage
of i
ncen
tives
and
regu
lato
ry
mea
sure
s ai
med
at i
) stim
ulat
ing
dom
estic
bio
fuel
pro
duct
ion
and
cons
umpt
ion,
ii) a
ttrac
ting
inve
stm
ents
, and
iii) f
oste
ring
com
petit
ion
with
in th
e se
ctor
. The
bill
has
yet t
o be
app
rove
d by
th
e Se
nate
bef
ore
it ca
n be
sig
ned
into
law
by
the
coun
try’s
pres
iden
t. Th
roug
h th
e pr
opos
ed
bill,
fuel
dis
tribu
tors
wou
ld h
elp
mee
ting
Braz
il’s c
arbo
n di
oxid
e em
issi
ons
targ
ets
by s
ellin
g in
crea
sed
volu
mes
of e
than
ol a
nd b
iodi
esel
.
82BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
Braz
il’s U
pper
Hou
se p
asse
d ‘R
enov
aBio
’, th
e po
licy
pack
age
on re
new
able
fuel
s en
dors
ed
by th
e Lo
wer
Hou
se la
st N
ovem
ber (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7). M
arke
ts e
xpec
t the
bill
to b
e si
gned
in
to la
w b
y th
e Pr
esid
ent i
n th
e ne
ar fu
ture
. Nex
t ste
ps w
ill in
clud
e th
e fo
rmul
atio
n of
: exa
ct
man
date
s fo
r dom
estic
bio
fuel
con
sum
ptio
n be
twee
n 20
20 (t
he n
ew p
rogr
amm
e’s
expe
cted
ye
ar o
f im
plem
enta
tion)
and
203
0; d
etai
led
fuel
sta
ndar
ds a
nd c
ertifi
catio
n ru
les;
and
car
bon
cred
its a
nd fi
scal
/fina
ncia
l/cre
dit i
ncen
tives
for
biof
uel p
rodu
cers
. In
addi
tion
to b
ioet
hano
l an
d bi
odie
sel,
the
prog
ram
me
will
also
pro
mot
e th
e co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
of b
ioga
s, b
io-m
etha
ne
and
avia
tion
biof
uel.
83BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SC
anad
aDe
cem
ber
Biod
iese
lTh
e G
over
nmen
t of C
anad
a pu
blis
hed
a re
gula
tory
fram
ewor
k ou
tlini
ng th
e sc
ope
and
key
elem
ents
of a
nat
iona
l sta
ndar
d fo
r cle
an fu
els.
Con
sulta
tions
with
all i
nter
este
d pa
rties
to w
ork
thro
ugh
the
stan
dard
’s te
chni
cal d
etai
ls w
ill fo
llow.
The
new
sta
ndar
d w
ill fo
cus
on re
duci
ng
carb
on in
tens
ity a
cros
s th
e lif
ecyc
le o
f fue
ls. C
hang
es in
cro
p de
man
d an
d la
nd m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es th
at a
rise
from
cle
an fu
el u
tiliza
tion
and
impa
ct o
n G
HG
em
issi
ons
will
be ta
ken
into
ac
coun
t. Th
e ex
istin
g fe
dera
l man
date
on
blen
ding
2 p
erce
nt b
iodi
esel
and
5 p
erce
nt e
than
ol
into
the
coun
try’s
trans
porta
tion
fuel
s w
ill be
mai
ntai
ned
in th
e sh
ort t
erm
. How
ever
, in
the
long
er te
rm, t
hese
vol
umet
ric re
quire
men
ts w
ill be
repl
aced
with
fuel
-spe
cific
car
bon
inte
nsity
re
quire
men
ts th
at a
re e
xpec
ted
to b
ecom
e m
ore
strin
gent
ove
r tim
e.
18 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
84BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
The
Euro
pean
Cou
ncil
outli
ned
its p
ositi
on r
egar
ding
the
ref
orm
of
the
bloc
’s Re
new
able
En
ergy
Dire
ctiv
e fo
r the
per
iod
2021
–203
0. T
he C
ounc
il pro
pose
d to
reta
in th
e ex
istin
g ta
rget
of
27
perc
ent r
enew
able
ene
rgy
in to
tal e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n in
203
0. In
the
trans
port
sect
or,
the
14 p
erce
nt t
arge
t fo
r ea
ch m
embe
r st
ate
wou
ld b
e m
aint
aine
d fo
r 20
30,
with
a s
ub-
targ
et o
f 3 p
erce
nt fo
r ‘ad
vanc
ed b
iofu
els’
. Als
o th
e ex
istin
g 7-
perc
ent c
ap fo
r firs
t-gen
erat
ion
biof
uels
(suc
h as
veg
etab
le o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l) w
ould
be
mai
ntai
ned.
If a
mem
ber s
tate
set
s a
low
er c
ap, i
t wou
ld h
ave
the
optio
n of
low
erin
g its
ove
rall t
arge
t for
rene
wab
les
in tr
ansp
ort.
By c
ompa
rison
, the
pro
posa
ls ta
bled
by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
env
isag
ed a
pro
gres
sive
re
duct
ion
of fo
od-b
ased
fuel
s an
d th
eir
repl
acem
ent
with
sec
ond-
gene
ratio
n bi
ofue
ls (s
ee
MPP
U D
ec.’1
6). A
lso
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent c
alle
d fo
r mor
e am
bitio
us o
vera
ll ta
rget
s an
d re
com
men
ded
to d
istin
guis
h be
twee
n fir
st-g
ener
atio
n bi
ofue
ls p
rodu
ced
usin
g su
stai
nabl
e pr
actic
es a
nd th
ose
purp
orte
dly
prod
uced
in a
n un
sust
aina
ble
man
ner (
see
MPP
U J
une’
17).
85BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
The
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
con
firm
ed th
at ra
pese
ed g
row
n in
Can
ada
and
Aust
ralia
wou
ld
rem
ain
elig
ible
for e
nter
ing
the
EU m
arke
t as
envi
ronm
enta
lly-fr
iend
ly fe
edst
ock
for b
iodi
esel
, as
the
crop
s ha
ve b
een
show
n to
mee
t the
blo
c’s
incr
easi
ngly
stri
ngen
t req
uire
men
ts (N
.B.
From
Jan
uary
201
8, a
ll bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
nee
d to
del
iver
GH
G li
fecy
cle
savi
ngs
of 5
0–60
per
cent
com
pare
d to
fos
sil f
uels
– u
p fro
m 3
5 pe
rcen
t in
201
7). F
or A
ustra
lia, t
he E
U
repr
esen
ts a
top
rape
seed
exp
ort m
arke
t, w
ith th
e bu
lk o
f del
iver
ies
abso
rbed
by
the
bloc
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try.
86BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
indu
stry
sou
rces
, the
Gov
ernm
ent
of In
done
sia
is c
onsi
derin
g to
red
uce
the
amou
nt o
f sub
sidy
per
kilo
liter
it p
ays
to p
etro
l com
pani
es fo
r bl
endi
ng b
iodi
esel
so
as to
sp
read
the
tot
al s
ubsi
dy a
mou
nt a
cros
s a
larg
er v
olum
e. T
he m
ove
wou
ld a
llow
rai
sing
do
mes
tic b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
– an
d he
nce
the
upta
ke o
f loc
al p
alm
oil,
the
prin
cipa
l bio
dies
el
feed
stoc
k –
with
out i
ncre
asin
g bu
dget
ary
outla
ys. A
llege
dly,
the
rece
nt fa
ll in
pal
m o
il pr
ices
w
ould
leav
e ro
om to
use
par
t of t
he s
ubsi
dy to
rais
e vo
lum
es. P
rivat
e so
urce
s po
inte
d ou
t tha
t th
e B2
0 bl
endi
ng m
anda
te (w
hich
requ
ires
dies
el to
con
tain
20
perc
ent b
iofu
el) i
ntro
duce
d la
st y
ear –
whi
ch o
nly
appl
ies
to (s
ubsi
dize
d) tr
ansp
orta
tion
dies
el –
mig
ht b
e ex
tend
ed to
no
n-su
bsid
ized
dies
el fu
el in
201
7, p
ossi
bly
boos
ting
dom
estic
bio
dies
el d
eman
d by
abo
ut
70 p
erce
nt.
87BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SJa
mai
caJu
neBi
odie
sel
The
stat
e-ow
ned
Petro
leum
Cor
pora
tion
of Ja
mai
ca h
as d
evel
oped
die
sel c
onta
inin
g 5
perc
ent
of c
asto
r oil-
base
d m
ethy
lest
her a
nd is
test
ing
the
biod
iese
l on
mot
or v
ehic
les.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
Jam
aica
n G
over
nmen
t is
envi
sagi
ng th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
tran
spor
t bio
dies
el, w
ith a
vie
w to
cu
t the
cou
ntry
’s en
ergy
impo
rt bi
ll an
d co
ntrib
ute
to th
e re
duct
ion
of G
HG
em
issi
ons.
88BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SN
iger
iaM
arch
Biod
iese
lN
iger
ia’s
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t inf
orm
ed th
at it
is w
orki
ng o
n a
‘Bio
fuel
Pol
icy
and
Ince
ntiv
es’
docu
men
t, w
hich
spe
lls o
ut p
rodu
ctio
n an
d pr
ice
targ
ets
and
defin
es a
regu
lato
ry fr
amew
ork
for
dom
estic
bio
fuel
s ut
ilizat
ion.
The
pol
icy’s
obj
ectiv
e w
ould
be
to r
educ
e th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
foss
il fue
l and
impo
rted
petro
leum
pro
duct
s, w
hile
pro
mot
ing
clea
ner f
orm
s of
en
ergy
. Sup
port
mea
sure
s w
ould
com
pris
e du
ty a
nd ta
x br
eaks
as
wel
l as
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a B
iofu
els
Equi
ty In
vest
men
t Fu
nd (b
acke
d by
par
asta
tals
and
dev
elop
men
t ba
nks)
to
stim
ulat
e in
vest
men
t in
biof
uel p
rodu
ctio
n, in
clud
ing
culti
vatio
n of
bio
fuel
-cro
ps. F
or b
iodi
esel
, th
e sp
ecifi
catio
n en
dors
ed b
y st
akeh
olde
rs is
B20
, i.e
. a b
lend
of d
iese
l and
20
perc
ent b
iofu
el
prod
uced
from
jatro
pha
oil,
used
pal
m o
il an
d ot
her n
on-e
dibl
e oi
ls.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 19
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
89BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SRw
anda
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Rwan
da’s
Rese
arch
and
Dev
elop
men
t Ag
ency
(N
IRDA
) in
form
ed t
hat
the
gove
rnm
ent
deci
ded
to a
band
on a
USD
35
milli
on b
iodi
esel
pro
ject
laun
ched
four
yea
rs a
go. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e go
vern
men
t rea
lized
that
the
pilo
t pro
ject
was
not
via
ble
due
to in
suffi
cien
t ava
ilabi
lity
of
feed
stoc
k an
d hi
gh c
osts
of p
rodu
ctio
n. T
he p
roje
ct fe
asib
ility
stud
y ha
d id
entifi
ed n
on-e
dibl
e ja
troph
a oi
l as
key
feed
stoc
k, b
ut e
vent
ually
the
plan
t was
dis
cove
red
to b
e un
suita
ble
for t
he
coun
try’s
clim
ate.
Con
cern
s ov
er u
sing
sca
rce
arab
le la
nd fo
r use
s ot
her t
han
food
pro
duct
ion
wer
e al
so c
ited.
90BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
STh
aila
ndM
ayBi
odie
sel
In T
haila
nd, t
he m
anda
tory
bio
dies
el b
lend
ing
rate
of 7
per
cent
has
bee
n re
intro
duce
d in
May
20
17. T
he ra
te h
ad b
een
tem
pora
rily
low
ered
to 5
and
3 p
erce
nt la
st y
ear f
ollo
win
g sh
orta
ges
in d
omes
tic p
alm
oil
supp
lies
and
cons
umer
pric
e hi
kes
(see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
6). B
y co
ntra
st,
in r
ecen
t m
onth
s, p
rodu
cer
pric
es d
ropp
ed s
harp
ly a
mid
ris
ing
palm
oil
outp
ut, t
rigge
ring
Gov
ernm
ent m
easu
res
to s
uppo
rt do
mes
tic p
alm
oil u
ptak
e (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’17
), in
clud
ing
the
rece
nt re
visi
on in
the
biod
iese
l ble
ndin
g ra
te.
91BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d Ar
ab
Emira
tes
May
Use
d co
okin
g oi
l Ac
cord
ing
to t
he lo
cal p
ress
, th
e co
untry
cou
ld s
oon
star
t to
tur
n us
ed c
ooki
ng o
il in
to
biod
iese
l. Re
porte
dly,
the
UAE
Cen
tre f
or W
aste
Man
agem
ent
is c
onsi
derin
g to
pro
vide
pe
rmits
to c
ompa
nies
to p
rodu
ce b
iodi
esel
from
lefto
ver c
ooki
ng o
il, fa
t and
gre
ase
for u
se
in b
uses
and
lorri
es.
92BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d Ar
ab
Emira
tes
Sept
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
Emira
tes
Nat
iona
l Oil
Com
pany
(EN
OC
) an
noun
ced
the
laun
ch o
f a
biod
iese
l ble
nd
dest
ined
for
the
cou
ntry
’s co
mm
erci
al a
nd i
ndus
trial
seg
men
t. Th
e fu
el,
whi
ch c
onta
ins
5 pe
rcen
t bio
dies
el p
rodu
ced
from
veg
etab
le o
il, u
sed
cook
ing
oil o
r ani
mal
fat,
is e
xpec
ted
to h
elp
redu
ce th
e co
untry
’s G
HG
em
issi
ons.
The
mea
sure
is in
line
with
the
gove
rnm
ent’s
En
ergy
Pla
n le
adin
g up
to th
e ye
ar 2
050,
whi
ch c
alls
for a
n en
ergy
mix
com
bini
ng re
new
able
, nu
clea
r and
cle
an e
nerg
y so
urce
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ne
w b
lend
is s
uita
ble
for u
se in
new
and
ex
istin
g tru
cks
as w
ell a
s he
avy
cons
truct
ion
equi
pmen
t, w
ithou
t nee
d to
upg
rade
eng
ines
an
d fu
el s
tora
ge fa
cilit
ies.
93BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d Ki
ngdo
mSe
ptem
ber
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.K.
Gov
ernm
ent
publ
ishe
d its
lon
g-te
rm s
trate
gy f
or i
ncre
asin
g th
e su
pply
and
su
stai
nabi
lity
of re
new
able
tran
spor
t fue
ls in
the
coun
try. T
he n
ew p
olic
y pa
ckag
e is
aim
ed a
t lo
wer
ing
the
GH
G in
tens
ity o
f tra
nspo
rt fu
els,
whi
le p
rovi
ding
a s
tabl
e po
licy
envi
ronm
ent f
or
inve
stm
ents
into
rene
wab
le lo
w c
arbo
n fu
els.
Fro
m A
pril
2018
, the
sha
re o
f ren
ewab
le fu
els
in to
tal f
uel c
onsu
mpt
ion
will
be li
fted
to 7
.25
perc
ent,
furth
er in
crea
sing
to 9
.75
perc
ent i
n 20
20 a
nd 1
2.4
perc
ent i
n 20
32. T
he c
ontri
butio
n cr
op-b
ased
bio
fuel
s ca
n m
ake
tow
ards
the
abov
e ob
ligat
ions
will
be lo
wer
ed to
4 p
erce
nt in
202
0, s
tead
ily d
eclin
ing
to 2
per
cent
in 2
032
– a
prov
isio
n th
at is
exp
ecte
d to
pla
ce a
sig
nific
ant d
eman
d on
was
te b
iofu
el fe
edst
ock,
in
parti
cula
r use
d co
okin
g oi
l. Fu
rther
mor
e, a
sub
-targ
et (a
s w
ell a
s sp
ecia
l fina
ncia
l inc
entiv
es)
will
be in
trodu
ced
for s
o-ca
lled
‘dev
elop
men
t fue
ls’,
i.e. h
igh-
blen
d fu
els
suita
ble
for m
eetin
g th
e lo
ng-te
rm g
oal o
f dec
arbo
nizin
g th
e he
avy
good
s ve
hicl
e an
d av
iatio
n se
ctor
s. In
dust
ry
repr
esen
tativ
es c
laim
ed th
at th
e ca
p on
cro
p-ba
sed
fuel
s w
as to
o st
ringe
nt a
nd u
nnec
essa
rily
limite
d th
e m
arke
t fo
r bi
ofue
ls w
ith p
rove
n G
HG
red
uctio
n po
tent
ial.
Con
cern
s w
ere
also
ex
pres
sed
that
the
new
pol
icy
redu
ces
the
U.K
.’s c
ompe
titiv
enes
s vi
s-à-
vis
othe
r EU
mem
ber
stat
es, w
here
hig
her c
aps
for c
rop-
base
d fu
els
will
be in
pla
ce (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
.
20 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
94BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Janu
ary
Cam
elin
a sa
tiva
Rene
win
g na
tiona
l eff
orts
to
prom
ote
rese
arch
on
bio-
base
d fu
els,
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es
Depa
rtmen
t of E
nerg
y ha
s al
loca
ted
fund
s to
a re
sear
ch p
roje
ct o
n ca
mel
ina
sativ
a, a
n ed
ible
oi
lcro
p ad
apte
d to
nor
ther
n cl
imat
es a
nd s
uita
ble
for c
ultiv
atio
n as
a ro
tatio
n cr
op in
dry
are
as
and
on th
in s
oils
. Rep
orte
dly,
rese
arch
effo
rts w
ill co
ncen
trate
on
way
s to
rais
e pr
oduc
tivity
in
cam
elin
a cu
ltiva
tion
and
to im
prov
e ca
mel
ina
oil q
ualit
y, us
ing
a co
mbi
natio
n of
trad
ition
al
bree
ding
met
hods
and
mol
ecul
ar g
enet
ics.
Chi
efly,
cam
elin
a w
ill be
stu
died
for i
ts p
oten
tial a
s bi
ofue
l fee
dsto
ck. I
n re
cent
yea
rs, n
umer
ous
test
s ha
ve b
een
cond
ucte
d in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es
and
else
whe
re w
ith c
amel
ina-
base
d tra
nspo
rt an
d av
iatio
n fu
els,
and
cam
elin
a oi
l has
gai
ned
appr
oval
as
biof
uel f
eeds
tock
by
the
coun
try’s
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (s
ee M
PPU
Ap
r.’13
, Feb
./Jun
e’16
).
95BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
Biod
iese
lTh
e Io
wa
Infra
stru
ctur
e Fu
nd B
ill, w
hich
pro
vide
s U
SD 3
milli
on in
fun
ding
for
the
sta
te’s
Rene
wab
le F
uels
Infra
stru
ctur
e pr
ogra
mm
e, h
as b
een
exte
nded
for a
n ad
ditio
nal y
ear u
ntil
30 J
une
2018
. Und
er th
e pr
ogra
mm
e pu
mp
oper
ator
s re
ceiv
e as
sist
ance
for t
he c
onve
rsio
n of
thei
r equ
ipm
ent t
o ra
ise
rene
wab
le fu
el s
ales
. Iow
a is
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es’ l
eadi
ng p
rodu
cer
of b
iodi
esel
.
96BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
Biod
iese
lLe
gisl
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
rene
wal
of t
he U
SD 1
.00-
per-g
allo
n bi
odie
sel t
ax c
redi
t – w
hich
ex
pire
d on
31
Dece
mbe
r 201
6 –
has
been
intro
duce
d in
the
US
Con
gres
s. T
he b
ill en
visa
ges
the
subs
idy’s
ext
ensi
on fo
r 3 ye
ars –
retro
activ
e fro
m 1
Janu
ary 2
017
and
thro
ugh
31 D
ecem
ber
2019
. How
ever
, the
mai
n ch
ange
con
cern
s th
e st
age
in th
e su
pply
cha
in th
at w
ill re
ceiv
e th
e ta
x in
cent
ive:
und
er th
e pr
opos
ed b
ill, th
e su
bsid
y w
ould
be
prov
ided
to d
omes
tic b
iodi
esel
pr
oduc
ers
rath
er th
an b
lend
ers.
Sin
ce it
s in
trodu
ctio
n in
200
5, th
e ta
x in
cent
ive
was
dire
cted
to
ble
nder
s, m
akin
g no
dis
tinct
ion
whe
ther
the
feed
stoc
k us
ed w
as p
rodu
ced
dom
estic
ally
or
impo
rted
from
abr
oad
– a
prov
isio
n th
at h
as s
timul
ated
the
impo
rtatio
n of
com
petit
ivel
y pr
iced
bi
odie
sel i
nto
the
coun
try, i
n pa
rt di
spla
cing
US
prod
uct.
The
prop
osed
shi
ft to
a p
rodu
cers
’ cr
edit
is a
imed
at p
reve
ntin
g fo
reig
n m
anuf
actu
rers
from
acc
essi
ng th
e ta
x be
nefit
. How
ever
, th
e re
form
is o
ppos
ed b
y so
me,
who
arg
ue th
at th
e sh
ift w
ould
incr
ease
pro
fits
for a
lim
ited
num
ber
of p
rodu
cers
, pos
sibl
y re
duci
ng t
he o
vera
ll av
aila
bilit
y of
bio
dies
el a
nd d
rivin
g up
its
pric
e. P
revi
ous
bids
to c
onve
rt th
e bl
ende
rs’ c
redi
t int
o a
prod
ucer
ince
ntiv
e ha
ve b
een
turn
ed d
own
by th
e U
S C
ongr
ess
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
5 &
Feb.
’16)
. A
sepa
rate
ly in
trodu
ced
bill
prop
oses
to
put
an e
nd t
o fe
dera
l tax
cre
dits
for
biod
iese
l pro
duce
d w
ith a
nim
al fa
ts.
Alle
gedl
y, th
e cu
rrent
pol
icy
dist
orts
the
dom
estic
mar
ket
for
anim
al f
ats
by d
iver
ting
this
im
porta
nt ra
w m
ater
ial a
way
from
the
man
ufac
turin
g of
cle
anin
g an
d pe
rson
al c
are
prod
ucts
.
97BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
June
Biod
iese
lFi
ve p
erce
nt b
iodi
esel
ble
nds
in h
ome
heat
ing
oil w
ill be
com
e m
anda
tory
in N
ew Y
ork
City
and
do
wns
tate
New
Yor
k co
untie
s by
, res
pect
ivel
y, 1s
t Oct
ober
201
7 an
d 1s
t Jul
y 20
18. W
ith a
vi
ew to
redu
ce th
e re
gion
’s ca
rbon
foot
prin
t, N
ew Y
ork
City
man
date
d 2
perc
ent b
lend
s ba
ck
in 2
012,
with
sub
sequ
ent i
ncre
ases
set
to le
ad to
20
perc
ent b
lend
s by
203
4. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ci
ty is
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es’ l
arge
st m
unic
ipal
con
sum
er o
f hea
ting
oil.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 21
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
98BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
July
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pr
otec
tion
Agen
cy (
EPA)
pub
lishe
d its
pro
posa
ls f
or m
anda
tory
co
nsum
ptio
n of
tota
l, con
vent
iona
l and
adv
ance
d re
new
able
fuel
s in
2018
, as w
ell a
s bio
mas
s-ba
sed
dies
el in
201
9. A
s in
pas
t ye
ars,
sev
eral
of t
he p
ropo
sed
volu
mes
ran
ge b
elow
the
st
atut
ory t
arge
ts se
t by C
ongr
ess i
n 20
07, a
llege
dly r
eflec
ting
the
need
to a
ccou
nt fo
r cha
ngin
g m
arke
t rea
litie
s. F
or 2
018,
EPA
pro
pose
d (i)
a s
light
yea
r-on-
year
dro
p in
the
volu
me
of to
tal
rene
wab
le f
uels
, w
hich
wou
ld k
eep
volu
mes
sig
nific
antly
bel
ow t
he c
ongr
essi
onal
tar
get;
(ii) to
leav
e no
n-ad
vanc
ed/‘c
onve
ntio
nal’
biof
uels
(mos
tly m
aize
-bas
ed e
than
ol) u
ncha
nged
co
mpa
red
to 2
017,
com
plia
nt w
ith th
e or
igin
al ta
rget
s; a
nd (i
ii) to
low
er a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
fro
m th
e 20
17 le
vel,
henc
e fa
lling
shor
t of s
tatu
tory
vol
umes
. Und
er th
e ‘a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
’ ca
tego
ry, v
olum
es o
f bio
mas
s-ba
sed
dies
el p
rodu
ced
from
veg
etab
le o
ils a
nd a
nim
al fa
ts
(whi
ch w
ere
rais
ed in
pas
t yea
rs) w
ould
rem
ain
unch
ange
d in
201
9. F
urth
erm
ore,
‘bio
mas
s-ba
sed
dies
el’ w
ould
con
tinue
to q
ualif
y as
wel
l und
er th
e ‘u
ndiff
eren
tiate
d ad
vanc
ed b
iofu
els’
ca
tego
ry. E
PA in
vite
d pu
blic
com
men
ts o
n th
e pr
opos
ed v
olum
es, i
nfor
min
g th
at fi
nal fi
gure
s w
ould
be
publ
ishe
d by
30
Nov
embe
r 201
7. R
epre
sent
ativ
es o
f the
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel in
dust
ry
mai
ntai
ned
that
EPA
’s bi
odie
sel p
ropo
sal c
ontin
ues
to u
nder
estim
ate
the
sect
or’s
capa
city
to
prod
uce
muc
h hi
gher
vol
umes
.
99BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
July
Biod
iese
lDi
rect
ly r
elat
ed t
o th
e ab
ove,
in J
uly
2017
, a U
.S. c
ourt
rule
d th
at t
he m
etho
dolo
gy u
sed
by E
PA to
just
ify p
ast r
educ
tions
in b
iofu
el c
onsu
mpt
ion
man
date
s (re
lativ
e to
the
stat
utor
y ta
rget
s se
t by
Con
gres
s) w
as in
corre
ct. T
he ru
ling
was
mad
e in
resp
onse
to a
pet
ition
file
d in
201
6 by
an
allia
nce
of b
iofu
el a
dvoc
acy
grou
ps. A
ccor
ding
to th
e co
urt r
ulin
g, ra
ther
than
ta
king
into
acc
ount
rene
wab
le fu
el s
uppl
ies
avai
labl
e to
refin
ers
and
impo
rters
, EPA
prim
arily
co
nsid
ered
bio
fuel
dem
and
expr
esse
d by
con
sum
ers
– a
cons
ider
atio
n no
t al
low
ed u
nder
th
e re
leva
nt la
w. T
he ru
ling
coul
d fo
rce
EPA
to re
vise
upw
ard
the
cons
umpt
ion
targ
ets
set f
or
2016
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
cour
t dec
isio
n re
sulte
d in
US
rene
wab
le fu
el c
redi
ts c
limbi
ng to
mul
ti-m
onth
hig
hs, w
hile
sha
re p
rices
of m
iner
al o
il re
finer
s dr
oppe
d.
100
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esAu
gust
Biod
iese
lM
inne
sota
– th
e fir
st s
tate
in th
e na
tion
to m
anda
te b
iodi
esel
use
bac
k in
200
5 –
is s
et to
ra
ise
its b
iodi
esel
sta
ndar
d fro
m 1
0 to
20
perc
ent i
n M
ay n
ext y
ear.
Acco
rdin
gly,
only
die
sel
cont
aini
ng 2
0 pe
rcen
t bio
dies
el m
ay b
e so
ld b
etw
een
May
and
Oct
ober
, whe
n fu
el s
tatio
ns w
ill sw
itch
back
to 5
per
cent
, as
biod
iese
l tur
ns fr
om fl
uid
to g
el u
nder
col
der t
empe
ratu
res.
The
hi
gher
ble
ndin
g m
anda
te is
mea
nt to
(i) h
elp
pres
erve
and
pro
tect
Min
neso
ta’s
air a
nd w
ater
qu
ality
, (ii)
redu
ce th
e st
ate’
s re
lianc
e on
foss
il fue
ls, a
nd (i
ii) su
ppor
t dem
and
for l
ocal
ly g
row
n bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
, not
ably
soy
bean
s. F
uel p
rodu
cers
and
the
truck
ing
indu
stry
exp
ress
ed
conc
ern
abou
t the
new
mea
sure
, sta
ting
that
the
infra
stru
ctur
e re
quire
d to
han
dle
the
high
er
blen
ds w
as n
ot y
et a
vaila
ble.
22 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
101
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esSe
ptem
ber
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) i
s co
nsid
erin
g to
red
uce
the
man
dato
ry
rene
wab
le fu
el c
onsu
mpt
ion
targ
ets
for 2
018
and
2019
that
it p
ropo
sed
earli
er th
is y
ear (
see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
7) a
nd is
see
king
pub
lic c
omm
ents
in th
is re
gard
. Rep
orte
dly,
EPA
deci
ded
to
revi
sit i
ts o
rigin
al p
ropo
sal a
s ne
w d
ata
on p
rodu
ctio
n, im
ports
and
cos
ts o
f bio
dies
el h
ave
beco
me
avai
labl
e. A
llege
dly,
the
pric
e of
bio
dies
el to
ble
nder
s as
wel
l as
the
pric
e of
bio
dies
el
blen
ds t
o co
nsum
ers
has
incr
ease
d fo
llow
ing
the
expi
ratio
n of
the
bio
dies
el t
ax c
redi
t in
De
cem
ber 2
016
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Mor
eove
r, pr
ices
may
con
tinue
to ri
se a
s a
resu
lt of
the
rece
nt p
relim
inar
y de
term
inat
ion
of c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s on
impo
rts o
f bio
dies
el fr
om
Arge
ntin
a an
d In
done
sia
(see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
7), s
aid
EPA.
The
refo
re, t
he a
genc
y is
con
cern
ed
that
the
orig
inal
ly p
ropo
sed
targ
ets
may
lead
to in
adeq
uate
dom
estic
sup
plie
s of
bio
fuel
to
cons
umer
s, a
nd is
hen
ce e
valu
atin
g th
e po
ssib
ility
of s
ettin
g lo
wer
con
sum
ptio
n ta
rget
s. T
he
dom
estic
bio
dies
el in
dust
ry q
uest
ione
d EP
A’s
ratio
nale
, stre
ssin
g th
at th
e co
untry
’s bi
odie
sel
prod
uctio
n ca
paci
ty w
as s
uffici
ent
to m
eet
the
orig
inal
tar
gets
. Re
cent
ly, t
he A
mer
ican
So
ybea
n As
soci
atio
n ev
en u
rged
the
agen
cy to
rai
se th
e ta
rget
for
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
, ar
guin
g th
at b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
crea
tes
a va
lue-
adde
d m
arke
t for
the
coun
try’s
abun
dant
so
ybea
n oi
l sup
plie
s an
d th
at th
e co
untry
’s gr
owin
g so
ybea
n pr
oduc
tion
coul
d su
ppor
t hig
her
dem
and
for b
iodi
esel
with
out l
eadi
ng to
pric
e in
crea
ses.
102
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Biod
iese
lFo
llow
ing
cons
ulta
tions
with
law
mak
ers,
the
U.S
. En
viro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n Ag
ency
(EP
A)
deci
ded
to a
band
on it
s re
cent
pro
posa
l to
low
er th
e m
anda
tory
targ
ets
for
rene
wab
le fu
el
prod
uctio
n in
201
8 an
d 20
19 (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
. & O
ct.’1
7). T
he d
efini
tive
targ
ets
anno
unce
d fo
r 20
18 e
ntai
l i) a
frac
tiona
l incr
ease
– c
ompa
red
to 2
017
– in
the
tota
l ren
ewab
le fu
els
volu
me;
ii)
unch
ange
d le
vels
of n
on-a
dvan
ced/
conv
entio
nal b
iofu
els;
and
iii) a
mar
gina
l ris
e fo
r adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls.
Und
er t
he ‘
adva
nced
bio
fuel
s’ c
ateg
ory,
volu
mes
of
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
hav
e be
en s
et a
t 2.1
billi
on g
allo
ns fo
r bot
h 20
18 a
nd 2
019
– w
hich
com
pare
s to
1.9
billi
on g
allo
ns
in 2
017.
The
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try c
ritic
ized
the
final
targ
ets,
arg
uing
that
thes
e re
mai
n w
ell b
elow
the
sect
or’s
prod
uctio
n ca
paci
ty.
103
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nAr
gent
ina
Janu
ary
Plan
ting
seed
In 2
017,
Arg
entin
a’s
natio
nal s
eed
agen
cy (I
NAS
E) w
ill co
ntin
ue te
stin
g fa
rmer
s’ c
rops
for t
he
pres
ence
of G
M tr
aits
, priv
ate
sour
ces
repo
rted.
Las
t yea
r, th
e go
vern
men
t ent
rust
ed IN
ASE
with
this
task
to fa
cilit
ate
the
colle
ctio
n of
roya
lties
by
seed
pro
duce
rs (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’16
). Re
porte
dly,
polic
y m
aker
s an
d se
ed c
ompa
nies
are
wor
king
on
a pe
rman
ent
seed
bill,
in
repl
acem
ent o
f the
cur
rent
tem
pora
ry a
rrang
emen
t.
104
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nAr
gent
ina
June
Plan
ting
seed
In a
bid
to e
nsur
e fu
ll tra
nspa
renc
y in
the
dom
estic
see
d m
arke
t and
faci
litat
e th
e co
llect
ion
of ro
yalti
es b
y se
ed p
rodu
cers
, the
cou
ntry
’s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
rem
inde
d fa
rmer
s of
thei
r ob
ligat
ion
to fo
rmal
ly d
ecla
re t
he q
uant
ity a
nd o
rigin
of s
eeds
kep
t on
-farm
for
plan
ting
– fa
iling
whi
ch th
ey fa
ce fi
nes
and
lose
the
perm
issi
on to
use
see
ds c
omin
g fro
m p
rior h
arve
sts
for p
lant
ing
(see
also
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7).
105
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nC
anad
a M
ayG
rain
s, o
ilsee
dsW
hile
Can
ada’
s la
wm
aker
s co
ntin
ue w
orki
ng o
n am
endm
ents
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
Tran
spor
tatio
n Ac
t (se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent i
s co
nsid
erin
g ex
tend
ing
a te
mpo
rary
reve
nue
cap
on ra
il tra
nspo
rts o
f gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
from
Can
ada’
s W
este
rn re
gion
s to
the
coun
try’s
mai
n po
rts b
eyon
d its
cur
rent
exp
iry d
ate
of 1
Aug
ust 2
017.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 23
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
101
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esSe
ptem
ber
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) i
s co
nsid
erin
g to
red
uce
the
man
dato
ry
rene
wab
le fu
el c
onsu
mpt
ion
targ
ets
for 2
018
and
2019
that
it p
ropo
sed
earli
er th
is y
ear (
see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
7) a
nd is
see
king
pub
lic c
omm
ents
in th
is re
gard
. Rep
orte
dly,
EPA
deci
ded
to
revi
sit i
ts o
rigin
al p
ropo
sal a
s ne
w d
ata
on p
rodu
ctio
n, im
ports
and
cos
ts o
f bio
dies
el h
ave
beco
me
avai
labl
e. A
llege
dly,
the
pric
e of
bio
dies
el to
ble
nder
s as
wel
l as
the
pric
e of
bio
dies
el
blen
ds t
o co
nsum
ers
has
incr
ease
d fo
llow
ing
the
expi
ratio
n of
the
bio
dies
el t
ax c
redi
t in
De
cem
ber 2
016
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Mor
eove
r, pr
ices
may
con
tinue
to ri
se a
s a
resu
lt of
the
rece
nt p
relim
inar
y de
term
inat
ion
of c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s on
impo
rts o
f bio
dies
el fr
om
Arge
ntin
a an
d In
done
sia
(see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
7), s
aid
EPA.
The
refo
re, t
he a
genc
y is
con
cern
ed
that
the
orig
inal
ly p
ropo
sed
targ
ets
may
lead
to in
adeq
uate
dom
estic
sup
plie
s of
bio
fuel
to
cons
umer
s, a
nd is
hen
ce e
valu
atin
g th
e po
ssib
ility
of s
ettin
g lo
wer
con
sum
ptio
n ta
rget
s. T
he
dom
estic
bio
dies
el in
dust
ry q
uest
ione
d EP
A’s
ratio
nale
, stre
ssin
g th
at th
e co
untry
’s bi
odie
sel
prod
uctio
n ca
paci
ty w
as s
uffici
ent
to m
eet
the
orig
inal
tar
gets
. Re
cent
ly, t
he A
mer
ican
So
ybea
n As
soci
atio
n ev
en u
rged
the
agen
cy to
rai
se th
e ta
rget
for
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
, ar
guin
g th
at b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
crea
tes
a va
lue-
adde
d m
arke
t for
the
coun
try’s
abun
dant
so
ybea
n oi
l sup
plie
s an
d th
at th
e co
untry
’s gr
owin
g so
ybea
n pr
oduc
tion
coul
d su
ppor
t hig
her
dem
and
for b
iodi
esel
with
out l
eadi
ng to
pric
e in
crea
ses.
102
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Biod
iese
lFo
llow
ing
cons
ulta
tions
with
law
mak
ers,
the
U.S
. En
viro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n Ag
ency
(EP
A)
deci
ded
to a
band
on it
s re
cent
pro
posa
l to
low
er th
e m
anda
tory
targ
ets
for
rene
wab
le fu
el
prod
uctio
n in
201
8 an
d 20
19 (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
. & O
ct.’1
7). T
he d
efini
tive
targ
ets
anno
unce
d fo
r 20
18 e
ntai
l i) a
frac
tiona
l incr
ease
– c
ompa
red
to 2
017
– in
the
tota
l ren
ewab
le fu
els
volu
me;
ii)
unch
ange
d le
vels
of n
on-a
dvan
ced/
conv
entio
nal b
iofu
els;
and
iii) a
mar
gina
l ris
e fo
r adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls.
Und
er t
he ‘
adva
nced
bio
fuel
s’ c
ateg
ory,
volu
mes
of
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
hav
e be
en s
et a
t 2.1
billi
on g
allo
ns fo
r bot
h 20
18 a
nd 2
019
– w
hich
com
pare
s to
1.9
billi
on g
allo
ns
in 2
017.
The
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try c
ritic
ized
the
final
targ
ets,
arg
uing
that
thes
e re
mai
n w
ell b
elow
the
sect
or’s
prod
uctio
n ca
paci
ty.
103
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nAr
gent
ina
Janu
ary
Plan
ting
seed
In 2
017,
Arg
entin
a’s
natio
nal s
eed
agen
cy (I
NAS
E) w
ill co
ntin
ue te
stin
g fa
rmer
s’ c
rops
for t
he
pres
ence
of G
M tr
aits
, priv
ate
sour
ces
repo
rted.
Las
t yea
r, th
e go
vern
men
t ent
rust
ed IN
ASE
with
this
task
to fa
cilit
ate
the
colle
ctio
n of
roya
lties
by
seed
pro
duce
rs (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’16
). Re
porte
dly,
polic
y m
aker
s an
d se
ed c
ompa
nies
are
wor
king
on
a pe
rman
ent
seed
bill,
in
repl
acem
ent o
f the
cur
rent
tem
pora
ry a
rrang
emen
t.
104
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nAr
gent
ina
June
Plan
ting
seed
In a
bid
to e
nsur
e fu
ll tra
nspa
renc
y in
the
dom
estic
see
d m
arke
t and
faci
litat
e th
e co
llect
ion
of ro
yalti
es b
y se
ed p
rodu
cers
, the
cou
ntry
’s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
rem
inde
d fa
rmer
s of
thei
r ob
ligat
ion
to fo
rmal
ly d
ecla
re t
he q
uant
ity a
nd o
rigin
of s
eeds
kep
t on
-farm
for
plan
ting
– fa
iling
whi
ch th
ey fa
ce fi
nes
and
lose
the
perm
issi
on to
use
see
ds c
omin
g fro
m p
rior h
arve
sts
for p
lant
ing
(see
also
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7).
105
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nC
anad
a M
ayG
rain
s, o
ilsee
dsW
hile
Can
ada’
s la
wm
aker
s co
ntin
ue w
orki
ng o
n am
endm
ents
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
Tran
spor
tatio
n Ac
t (se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent i
s co
nsid
erin
g ex
tend
ing
a te
mpo
rary
reve
nue
cap
on ra
il tra
nspo
rts o
f gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
from
Can
ada’
s W
este
rn re
gion
s to
the
coun
try’s
mai
n po
rts b
eyon
d its
cur
rent
exp
iry d
ate
of 1
Aug
ust 2
017.
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
106
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nTh
aila
ndJu
nePa
lm o
il,
biod
iese
lTh
e G
over
nmen
t of T
haila
nd p
erio
dica
lly im
plem
ents
mea
sure
s to
sta
biliz
e th
e do
mes
tic p
rice
of p
alm
oil
in a
bid
to s
uppo
rt pr
oduc
ers
or c
onsu
mer
s. A
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts, i
n Ju
ne
2017
, the
Gov
ernm
ent i
nvite
d re
taile
rs o
f (pa
lm o
il-ba
sed)
bio
dies
el to
incr
ease
thei
r sto
cks
of th
e fu
el b
y 40
per
cent
so
as to
hel
p ab
sorb
exc
ess
palm
oil s
uppl
ies
and
supp
ort d
omes
tic
pric
es. R
epor
tedl
y, du
ring
the
rece
nt p
rodu
ctio
n pe
ak th
e pr
ice
of p
alm
oil
tum
bled
, hur
ting
farm
ers.
The
Gov
ernm
ent’s
sto
ck-h
oldi
ng p
ropo
sal i
s ex
pect
ed to
hel
p ab
sorb
an
addi
tiona
l 76
000
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il fro
m th
e m
arke
t. To
sup
port
farm
ers,
the
Gov
ernm
ent a
lso
rais
ed
the
floor
pric
e fo
r pal
m fr
uit t
o 4.
30 T
HB
per k
g (U
SD 1
26 p
er to
nne)
, whi
ch, r
epor
tedl
y, ha
s he
lped
to k
eep
the
mar
ket p
rice
for c
rude
pal
m o
il at
aro
und
THB
23 p
er k
g (U
SD 6
74 p
er
tonn
e).
107
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nTh
aila
ndDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
Repo
rtedl
y, to
war
ds th
e en
d of
last
yea
r, Th
aila
nd’s
inve
ntor
ies
of c
rude
pal
m o
il hav
e sw
olle
n to
hal
f a m
illion
tonn
es, c
ausi
ng p
rices
for f
resh
pal
m fr
uit t
o sl
ide
belo
w T
HB
3.50
per
kg
– co
mpa
red
to p
rice
leve
ls o
f TH
B 5.
0 in
Jun
e la
st y
ear
(resp
ectiv
ely,
USD
110
and
157
per
to
nne)
. In
a bi
d to
pro
tect
gro
wer
s’ in
com
es, t
he G
over
nmen
t pla
ns to
i) fo
ster
the
upta
ke o
f cr
ude
palm
oil
by th
e co
untry
’s en
ergy
sec
tor,
and
ii) se
ek n
ew e
xpor
t opp
ortu
nitie
s w
ithin
As
ia, n
otab
ly in
Chi
na a
nd In
dia.
The
dom
estic
targ
et p
rice
for f
resh
pal
m fr
uit h
as b
een
set
at T
HB
4.00
per
kg,
whi
ch c
ompa
res
to p
rodu
ctio
n co
sts
of a
bout
TH
B 3.
80 p
er k
g (U
SD 1
25
and
119
per
tonn
e, r
espe
ctiv
ely)
. Sim
ilar
mea
sure
s ha
ve b
een
impl
emen
ted
in p
ast
year
s,
espe
cial
ly d
urin
g th
e ra
iny
seas
on, w
hen
high
dom
estic
pal
m o
il out
put t
ends
to d
epre
ss fa
rm
gate
pric
es (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’16
& Ju
ly’17
). Th
e Th
ai G
over
nmen
t reg
ular
ly h
olds
con
sulta
tions
w
ith fa
rmer
repr
esen
tativ
es, p
roce
ssor
s an
d co
nsum
ers
to c
oord
inat
e m
easu
res
to s
tabi
lize
dom
estic
pal
m o
il su
pplie
s an
d pr
ices
.
108
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nU
krai
neJu
neSu
nflow
eroi
l, bu
tter
The
Ukr
aini
an G
over
nmen
t dec
ided
to d
isco
ntin
ue, f
rom
1 J
uly
2017
, sta
te re
gula
tion
of fo
od
pric
es, in
clud
ing
for s
unflo
wer
oil a
nd b
utte
r. Pr
evio
usly,
limits
wer
e im
pose
d on
rise
s in
mar
ket
pric
es, a
nd fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
wer
e re
quire
d to
sub
mit
just
ifica
tions
for
pric
e ch
ange
s to
th
e co
ncer
ned
stat
e ag
ency
. Re
porte
dly,
an e
xper
imen
tal s
uspe
nsio
n of
pric
e re
gula
tions
im
plem
ente
d ov
er a
3-m
onth
per
iod
last
yea
r did
not
sig
nific
antly
affe
ct c
onsu
mer
pric
es.
109
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Mar
ket r
egul
atio
nU
zbek
ista
nN
ovem
ber
Vege
tabl
e oi
ls,
cotto
nsee
d m
eal
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, the
Gov
ernm
ent h
as in
stru
cted
sta
te a
genc
ies
to s
tep
up
effor
ts to
end
the
unre
ason
able
and
arti
ficia
l ove
rsta
ting
of p
rices
for a
num
ber o
f bas
ic fo
ods
and
feed
stuff
s, in
clud
ing
vege
tabl
e oi
ls a
nd c
otto
nsee
d m
eal.
110
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Chi
naM
arch
Rape
seed
oil
Gov
ernm
ent 2
016/
17 a
uctio
ns o
f rap
esee
d oi
l fro
m s
tate
rese
rves
end
ed in
Mar
ch 2
017.
Fro
m
mid
-Oct
ober
201
6 to
8 M
arch
201
7, a
tota
l of 2
.08
milli
on to
nnes
of r
apes
eed
oil h
ave
been
off
ered
, virt
ually
all
of w
hich
was
bou
ght b
y tra
ders
. Dur
ing
the
cam
paig
n, a
vera
ge a
uctio
n pr
ices
rang
ed fr
om C
NY
5 90
4 to
CN
Y 7
172
per t
onne
(res
pect
ivel
y, U
SD 8
56 a
nd 1
040)
.
111
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Chi
naSe
ptem
ber
Soyb
ean
Sale
s of
soy
bean
s fro
m s
tate
rese
rves
wer
e re
sum
ed in
Sep
tem
ber 2
017.
Rep
orte
dly,
out o
f 30
0 00
0 to
nnes
offe
red,
abo
ut 2
15 5
00 to
nnes
hav
e be
en s
old,
ach
ievi
ng a
n av
erag
e pr
ice
of
CN
Y 3
140
per t
onne
(USD
474
). Th
e so
ybea
ns o
n off
er w
ere
from
old
cro
ps (2
013
and
olde
r),
give
n th
at, i
n 20
14, t
he G
over
nmen
t cha
nged
its
agric
ultu
ral s
uppo
rt po
licie
s, d
isco
ntin
uing
so
ybea
n pr
ocur
emen
t ope
ratio
ns.
112
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Soyb
ean
In O
ctob
er 2
017,
out
of a
tota
l vol
ume
of 2
53 4
44 to
nnes
of s
oybe
ans
offer
ed fo
r sal
e fro
m
stat
e re
serv
es, o
nly
160
tonn
es fo
und
a bu
yer.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e 20
13 c
rop
soyb
eans
ach
ieve
d an
ave
rage
pric
e of
CN
Y 3
070
per t
onne
(USD
464
). As
of 1
Nov
embe
r, st
ate
auct
ions
wer
e su
spen
ded
so a
s no
t to
disr
upt m
arke
ting
of th
e ne
w 2
017/
18 c
rop.
24 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
113
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aJa
nuar
yC
opra
Last
Dec
embe
r, In
dia’
s N
atio
nal
Agric
ultu
ral
Coo
pera
tive
Mar
ketin
g Fe
dera
tion
(NAF
ED)
star
ted
proc
urem
ent o
f cop
ra in
Kar
nata
ka s
tate
in a
bid
to p
rote
ct g
row
ers
from
fallin
g pr
ices
of
the
com
mod
ity. I
n th
e 20
16/1
7 (J
uly-
June
) cro
p ye
ar, K
arna
taka
has
bec
ome
the
third
sta
te
afte
r An
dhra
Pra
desh
and
Tam
il N
adu
whe
re c
opra
is b
eing
bou
ght a
t the
fede
ral s
uppo
rt pr
ice
of IN
R 59
500
per
tonn
e (U
SD 8
90) f
or m
illing
qua
lity
copr
a an
d IN
R 62
400
per
tonn
e (U
SD 9
33) f
or b
all c
opra
.
114
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aAu
gust
Oils
eeds
, pul
ses
Indi
a’s
Nat
iona
l Fed
erat
ion
of A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Coo
pera
tives
(N
AFED
) –
the
agen
cy
resp
onsi
ble
for t
he p
rocu
rem
ent o
f agr
icul
tura
l com
mod
ities
und
er th
e co
untry
’s fe
dera
l Pric
e Su
ppor
t Sch
eme
(PSS
) – is
pre
parin
g th
e la
unch
of a
n el
ectro
nic
plat
form
for
coun
tryw
ide
proc
urem
ent o
f oils
eeds
and
pul
ses.
By
man
agin
g fa
rm-g
ate
purc
hase
s, s
tora
ge a
nd d
ispo
sal
oper
atio
ns th
roug
h an
effi
cien
t, tra
nspa
rent
and
com
petit
ive
e-pl
atfo
rm, N
AFED
exp
ects
to
help
gro
wer
s ob
tain
mor
e re
mun
erat
ive
pric
es, w
hile
als
o co
ntai
ning
con
sum
er p
rices
.
115
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aO
ctob
erG
roun
dnut
, so
ybea
nIn
Guj
arat
sta
te, p
ublic
pro
cure
men
t of
gro
undn
uts
is s
ched
uled
to
begi
n on
25
Oct
ober
, go
vern
men
t offi
cial
s in
form
ed.
Loca
l co
conu
t pr
oduc
er c
oope
rativ
es (
desi
gnat
ed b
y th
e st
ate-
leve
l pro
cure
men
t age
ncie
s) w
ill be
in c
harg
e of
the
oper
atio
ns. R
epor
tedl
y, un
shel
led
grou
ndnu
t w
ill be
pro
cure
d at
a r
ate
of I
NR
45 0
00 p
er t
onne
, as
aga
inst
the
pre
vailin
g m
arke
t pric
e of
INR
31 2
50 p
er to
nne
(resp
ectiv
ely
USD
688
and
478
). Si
mila
rly, i
n Ra
jast
han
stat
e, p
ublic
pro
cure
men
t of s
oybe
ans
and
grou
ndnu
ts c
omm
ence
d in
Oct
ober
. Rep
orte
dly,
29 p
rocu
rem
ent
cent
ers
are
oper
atio
nal f
or g
roun
dnut
s an
d an
othe
r 25
for
soy
bean
s. T
o fa
cilit
ate
oper
atio
ns,
farm
ers
can
subm
it ap
plic
atio
ns o
nlin
e an
d pa
ymen
ts w
ill be
mad
e di
rect
ly in
to th
eir a
ccou
nt, G
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s inf
orm
ed. T
he su
ppor
t pric
es fo
r soy
bean
s and
un
shel
led
grou
ndnu
ts w
ill be
, res
pect
ivel
y, IN
R 30
500
and
INR
44 5
00 p
er to
nne
(resp
ectiv
ely,
USD
466
and
680
).
116
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indo
nesi
aM
aySo
ybea
nIn
done
sia’
s St
ate
Logi
stic
s Ag
ency
(BU
LOG
) allo
cate
d ID
R 37
trilli
on (U
SD 2
.8 b
illion
) for
the
proc
urem
ent o
f ric
e, s
oybe
ans
and
suga
r. BU
LOG
’s pu
rcha
ses,
whi
ch c
an e
ither
be
mad
e on
the
dom
estic
mar
ket o
r ab
road
, will
be a
imed
at s
tabi
lizin
g do
mes
tic c
onsu
mer
pric
es.
Furth
erm
ore,
BU
LOG
is s
eeki
ng to
impr
ove
coop
erat
ion
with
priv
ate
stak
ehol
ders
that
agr
ee
to s
ell t
he c
omm
oditi
es a
t the
pric
es s
et b
y th
e ag
ency
. Mor
eove
r, BU
LOG
pla
ns to
con
tinue
in
vest
ing
in p
ost-h
arve
st in
frast
ruct
ure,
not
ably
sto
rage
faci
litie
s, in
ord
er to
stre
ngth
en th
e ag
ency
’s ca
paci
ty to
buy
from
loca
l far
mer
s.
117
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Sri L
anka
Sept
embe
rC
ocon
utTo
che
ck r
ecen
t su
rges
in d
omes
tic p
rices
, co
conu
t st
ocks
ow
ned
by S
ri La
nka’
s St
ate
Plan
tatio
n C
orpo
ratio
n w
ill be
rele
ased
into
the
mar
ket a
t a p
rice
of L
KR 6
0 pe
r nut
(USD
0.3
9),
the
coun
try’s
Coc
onut
Cul
tivat
ion
Boar
d in
form
ed. R
epor
tedl
y, al
so fr
eshl
y pr
ocur
ed c
ocon
uts
will
be d
istri
bute
d. A
ccor
ding
to a
mar
ket s
urve
y, in
Sep
tem
ber,
the
pric
e fo
r a s
ingl
e co
conu
t cl
imbe
d to
LKR
100
(USD
0.6
5).
118
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
na, A
rgen
tina
Augu
stSo
ybea
n oi
l As
par
t of c
ompr
ehen
sive
talk
s on
bal
anci
ng tr
ade
betw
een
the
two
coun
tries
, Chi
na a
gree
d to
res
ume
impo
rts o
f so
ybea
n oi
l fro
m A
rgen
tina.
Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
grai
n co
rpor
atio
n Si
nogr
ain
confi
rmed
it w
as re
ady
to p
urch
ase
soyb
ean
oil f
rom
the
wor
ld’s
top
supp
lier.
Chi
na
star
ted
rest
rictin
g im
ports
from
Arg
entin
a on
phy
tosa
nita
ry g
roun
ds in
201
0, w
hen
annu
al
purc
hase
s dr
oppe
d fro
m 2
milli
on to
nnes
to le
ss th
an 5
00 0
00 to
nnes
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 25
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
119
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
naSe
ptem
ber
Vege
tabl
e oi
lsC
hina
’s Fo
od S
tand
ards
Age
ncy
gran
ted
a tw
o-ye
ar tr
ansi
tiona
l per
iod
– un
til 3
0 Se
ptem
ber
2019
– f
or t
he i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
foo
d im
port
regu
latio
ns t
hat
wer
e an
noun
ced
back
in
April
201
6 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). Th
e ne
w re
gula
tions
requ
ire im
porte
rs o
f cer
tain
pro
duct
s –
incl
udin
g bu
lk v
eget
able
oil
– to
rev
iew
rel
evan
t he
alth
cer
tifica
tes
and
cond
uct
on-s
ite
insp
ectio
ns o
f fo
reig
n es
tabl
ishm
ents
fro
m w
hich
pro
duct
s ar
e so
urce
d. T
he t
rans
ition
al
perio
d ha
s be
en a
ccor
ded
to a
llow
impo
rters
/exp
orte
rs s
uffici
ent t
ime
to c
ompl
y w
ith th
e ne
w
requ
irem
ent.
120
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
naDe
cem
ber
Soyb
ean
Con
cern
ed a
bout
the
pre
senc
e of
wee
d se
eds
in p
ast
cons
ignm
ents
of
soyb
eans
fro
m
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
hine
se a
utho
ritie
s de
cide
d to
low
er –
as
of 1
Jan
uary
201
8 –
the
leve
l of
impu
ritie
s al
low
ed in
U.S
. so
ybea
n ca
rgoe
s to
1 p
erce
nt.
In t
he U
nite
d Sa
tes,
qua
lity
spec
ifica
tions
for N
o. 2
yel
low
soy
bean
s –
the
varie
ty d
omin
atin
g U
.S. s
hipm
ents
– a
llow
for
up to
2 p
erce
nt o
f for
eign
mat
eria
l. C
hina
’s in
spec
tion
and
quar
antin
e se
rvic
es in
form
ed th
ey
wou
ld n
ot g
uara
ntee
spe
edy
hand
ling
of c
argo
es c
onta
inin
g m
ore
than
1 p
erce
nt o
f for
eign
m
atte
r, ad
ding
that
con
sign
men
ts w
ith h
ighe
r im
purit
y le
vels
cou
ld b
e su
bjec
t to
addi
tiona
l in
spec
tions
, cle
anin
g an
d re
late
d m
easu
res
inte
nded
to m
itiga
te p
est r
isk.
In re
cent
yea
rs, U
S fa
rmer
s hav
e be
en c
onfro
nted
with
new
her
bici
de-re
sist
ant w
eeds
, tra
ces o
f whi
ch m
ay in
deed
ap
pear
in h
arve
sted
bea
ns. A
ccor
ding
to in
dust
ry s
ourc
es, a
bout
hal
f of U
S so
ybea
ns s
hipp
ed
to C
hina
last
yea
r wou
ld n
ot m
eet C
hina
’s m
ore
strin
gent
sta
ndar
d. E
xper
ts e
stim
ated
that
re
duci
ng th
e co
nten
t of f
orei
gn m
atte
r to
1 pe
rcen
t cou
ld ra
ise
the
cost
s of
shi
ppin
g so
ybea
ns
to C
hina
by
15 U
S ce
nts
per b
ushe
l (U
SD 4
per
tonn
e). T
o pr
even
t dis
rupt
ions
in e
xpor
t flow
s,
USD
A’s
Fede
ral G
rain
Insp
ectio
n Se
rvic
e in
tend
s to
exa
min
e al
l soy
bean
dis
patc
hes
dest
ined
to
Chi
na, h
oldi
ng b
ack
cons
ignm
ents
tha
t fa
il to
mee
t th
e st
ricte
r st
anda
rd. F
urth
erm
ore,
U
SDA
will
com
mis
sion
wor
k on
pro
duct
ion
and
harv
estin
g m
etho
ds th
at a
llow
redu
cing
wee
d se
ed c
onta
min
atio
n in
soy
bean
del
iver
ies.
121
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Euro
pean
Uni
on,
Nig
eria
June
Gro
undn
ut, p
alm
oi
l, se
sam
eAc
cord
ing
to N
iger
ia’s
Food
and
Dru
g Ag
ency
, las
t yea
r, th
e EU
reje
cted
24
food
pro
duct
s or
igin
atin
g fro
m N
iger
ia fo
r fai
ling
to m
eet t
he b
loc’
s tra
de s
tand
ards
. Rep
orte
dly,
grou
ndnu
t, pa
lm o
il an
d se
sam
e se
eds
figur
ed p
rom
inen
tly a
mon
g th
e re
ject
ed c
omm
oditi
es,
with
afl
atox
in c
onta
min
atio
n (g
roun
dnut
) and
the
pres
ence
of t
oxic
col
ourin
g ag
ents
(pal
m o
il) as
ke
y is
sues
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
conc
erne
d sh
ipm
ents
left
the
coun
try ill
egal
ly, w
ithou
t the
requ
ired
certi
ficat
ion.
122
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Isra
elN
ovem
ber
Oliv
e oi
lTh
e G
over
nmen
t of I
srae
l ann
ounc
ed a
n in
crea
se in
the
amou
nt o
f oliv
e oi
l tha
t can
be
impo
rted
into
the
coun
try fr
ee o
f dut
ies
and
othe
r tax
es. O
ver t
he n
ext t
hree
yea
rs, t
he d
uty-
free
quot
a w
ill be
gra
dual
ly ra
ised
from
5 0
00 to
7 0
00 to
nnes
per
yea
r. C
urre
ntly,
the
coun
try c
onsu
mes
ab
out 2
0 00
0 to
nnes
ann
ually
, of w
hich
15
000
tonn
es a
re lo
cally
pro
duce
d. L
ocal
pro
duct
ion
is e
xpec
ted
to c
ontin
ue la
ggin
g be
hind
dom
estic
dem
and.
The
trad
e po
licy
mea
sure
is a
imed
at
driv
ing
dow
n th
e pr
ice
of o
live
oil t
o co
nsum
ers
and
stim
ulat
e ol
ive
oil c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Out
-of
-quo
ta im
ports
will
cont
inue
to a
ttrac
t tar
iffs
of a
roun
d 33
per
cent
.
123
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Viet
Nam
, Ind
iaM
arch
Gro
undn
uts
In M
arch
201
7, c
iting
phy
tosa
nita
ry c
once
rns,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Vie
t Nam
tem
pora
rily b
anne
d th
e im
porta
tion
of g
roun
dnut
s an
d ot
her a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
from
Indi
a. S
ubse
quen
tly, I
ndia
su
spen
ded
impo
rts o
f a n
umbe
r of a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
from
Vie
t Nam
, als
o on
phy
tosa
nita
ry
grou
nds.
Eve
ntua
lly, b
oth
coun
tries
lifte
d th
eir t
empo
rary
ban
s, re
porti
ng th
at th
e ph
ytos
anita
ry
issu
es h
ad b
een
reso
lved
.
124
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Zam
bia
Mar
chEd
ible
oils
Repo
rtedl
y, in
Feb
ruar
y 20
17, g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s an
noun
ced
the
rest
rictio
n of
impo
rts o
f re
fined
, pac
ked
and
bottl
ed e
dibl
e oi
ls in
to th
e co
untry
, add
ing
that
the
mea
sure
was
mea
nt
to p
rote
ct d
omes
tic re
finer
s an
d st
reng
then
the
mar
ket f
or lo
cally
pro
duce
d co
okin
g oi
ls.
26 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
125
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Zim
babw
eSe
ptem
ber
Soyb
ean
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Zim
babw
e ha
s lif
ted
a tw
o-an
d-a-
half
mon
th
old
ban
on s
oybe
an im
ports
, in
an e
ffort
to e
nsur
e ad
equa
te s
uppl
ies
of c
ooki
ng o
il in
the
coun
try.
126
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Ecua
dor
Janu
ary
Soyb
ean
mea
l Ec
uado
r dec
ided
to e
xten
d its
cur
rent
tariff
and
dut
y ex
empt
ions
for s
oybe
an m
eal i
mpo
rts
from
all
orig
ins
until
31
Dece
mbe
r 20
19. A
ccor
ding
to
mar
ket
expe
rts, t
he e
xem
ptio
n w
ill ke
ep im
ports
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es –
Ecu
ador
’s pr
inci
pal s
uppl
ier –
com
petit
ive
com
pare
d to
thos
e fro
m B
oliv
ia (o
ne o
f Ecu
ador
’s An
dean
Com
mun
ity p
artn
ers)
and
oth
er M
ERC
OSU
R co
untri
es. W
ithou
t the
exe
mpt
ion,
soy
mea
l impo
rts w
ould
attr
act a
15
perc
ent a
d va
lore
m ta
x pl
us th
e An
dean
Pric
e Ba
nd’s
varia
ble
levy
, cur
rent
ly s
et a
t 21
perc
ent.
127
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aM
arch
Sunfl
ower
see
dTh
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndia
ann
ounc
ed a
tem
pora
ry c
ut in
the
impo
rt du
ty o
n su
nflow
er s
eed.
Fr
om 1
Apr
il to
30
Sept
embe
r 20
17,
the
ordi
nary
30
perc
ent
duty
has
bee
n re
plac
ed b
y a
10 p
erce
nt ta
riff. T
he c
ount
ry’s
proc
essi
ng in
dust
ry, w
hich
is s
uffer
ing
for a
low
cap
acity
ut
ilizat
ion
rate
, had
bee
n ca
lling
for a
tariff
cut
from
a lo
ng ti
me.
The
mea
sure
is e
xpec
ted
to
rais
e In
dia’
s su
nflow
erse
ed im
ports
and
cru
shin
g.
128
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aAu
gust
Vege
tabl
e oi
lsIn
Indi
a, th
e w
orld
’s to
p bu
yer o
f veg
etab
le o
ils, i
mpo
rt du
ties
on s
elec
ted
crud
e an
d re
fined
oi
ls h
ave
been
rais
ed to
pro
tect
loca
l far
mer
s fro
m lo
w-p
riced
impo
rts a
nd th
ereb
y en
cour
age
dom
estic
oils
eed
prod
uctio
n. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e co
ncur
renc
e of
cop
ious
impo
rts w
ith a
bum
per
dom
estic
cro
p le
d to
sto
ck s
urge
s an
d sh
arp
pric
e fa
lls. T
he im
port
levi
es fo
r cr
ude
palm
oi
l, re
fined
pal
m o
il an
d cr
ude
soyb
ean
oil –
hav
e be
en ra
ised
to, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
15 p
erce
nt,
25 p
erce
nt a
nd 1
7.5
perc
ent (
up fr
om, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
7.5,
15
and
12.5
per
cent
). By
wid
enin
g th
e im
port
duty
diff
eren
tial b
etw
een
crud
e an
d re
fined
pal
m o
il – fr
om 7
.5 p
erce
nt to
10
perc
ent –
th
e G
over
nmen
t als
o ai
ms
to a
ssis
t dom
estic
oil
proc
esso
rs, w
ho fi
nd it
incr
easi
ngly
diffi
cult
to c
ompe
te w
ith im
ports
of l
ow-p
riced
refin
ed o
ils.
129
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Edib
le o
ils,
soyb
ean
In a
n eff
ort t
o cu
rb e
dibl
e oi
l im
ports
and
lift
dom
estic
pric
es in
sup
port
of lo
cal f
arm
ers
and
refin
ers,
the
Gov
ernm
ent r
aise
d im
port
tariff
s fo
r veg
etab
le o
ils a
nd s
oybe
ans
to th
e hi
ghes
t le
vel i
n m
ore
than
a d
ecad
e. C
onsi
derin
g th
at In
dia
is th
e w
orld
’s to
p im
porte
r of v
eget
able
oi
ls, t
he ta
riff h
ike
coul
d aff
ect w
orld
mar
kets
. The
dut
y in
crea
ses
for c
rude
and
refin
ed p
alm
, so
y, su
nflow
er a
nd ra
pese
ed o
il ra
nged
bet
wee
n 60
and
100
per
cent
. Ind
ian
prod
ucer
s ha
d be
en c
allin
g fo
r in
crea
sed
impo
rt re
stric
tions
for
sev
eral
mon
ths.
With
loca
l cru
sher
s an
d re
finer
s fa
cing
gro
win
g co
mpe
titio
n fro
m lo
w-p
riced
impo
rts, d
omes
tic o
ilsee
d pr
ices
had
dr
oppe
d be
low
min
imum
sup
port
pric
e le
vels
– n
otw
ithst
andi
ng a
firs
t, m
odes
t inc
reas
e in
im
port
dutie
s ea
rlier
this
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Sep
.’17)
. The
late
st d
uty
hike
is e
xpec
ted
to i)
driv
e up
dom
estic
edi
ble
oil p
rices
, thu
s st
imul
atin
g lo
cal o
ilsee
d cr
ushi
ng, a
nd ii
) sup
port
loca
l oi
lcro
p pr
ices
, pr
omot
ing
farm
er s
ellin
g. W
ith r
egar
d to
tra
de,
expe
rts e
xpec
t a
rela
tivel
y sh
ort-l
ived
dro
p in
veg
etab
le o
il im
ports
, giv
en In
dia’
s st
eady
dem
and
expa
nsio
n. O
n th
e ot
her h
and,
the
pric
e co
mpe
titiv
enes
s of
Indi
an o
ilmea
ls c
ould
impr
ove,
enc
oura
ging
exp
ort
sale
s.
130
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Sri L
anka
Mar
chC
ooki
ng o
ilIn
Sri
Lank
a, fo
reca
sts
of a
mar
ked
drop
in d
omes
tic c
ocon
ut p
rodu
ctio
n ha
ve d
riven
up
the
reta
il pr
ices
of c
ocon
ut o
il an
d ot
her c
ooki
ng o
ils. C
once
rned
abo
ut th
e re
sulti
ng h
ards
hip
for
cons
umer
s, th
e go
vern
men
t app
rove
d th
e im
porta
tion
of 4
0 00
0 to
nnes
of c
ocon
ut o
il an
d de
cide
d to
low
er th
e sp
ecia
l com
mod
ity le
vy c
harg
ed o
n im
porte
d ve
geta
bles
oils
. For
co
conu
t oil,
pal
m k
erne
l oil
and
refin
ed p
alm
oil
the
duty
has
bee
n re
duce
d fro
m L
KR 1
50/k
g to
LKR
130
/kg
(resp
ectiv
ely
99 a
nd 8
5 U
S ce
nts)
, whi
le fo
r cru
de c
ocon
ut a
nd p
alm
oil
the
duty
has
bee
n ad
just
ed fr
om L
KR 1
30/k
g to
LKR
110
/kg
(85
and
72 U
S ce
nts)
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 27
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
131
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Turk
eyM
arch
Sunfl
ower
oil/
mea
lAc
cord
ing
to in
dust
ry s
ourc
es, i
mpo
rt lic
ense
s is
sued
by
the
Turk
ish
Gov
ernm
ent n
o lo
nger
in
clud
e th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
in a
list
of a
ccep
ted
tax-
free
orig
ins
for a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts,
in
clud
ing
whe
at, m
aize
and
sun
flow
er o
il and
sun
flow
er m
eal –
a c
ircum
stan
ce im
plyi
ng th
at a
pr
ohib
itive
tariff
of 1
30 p
erce
nt w
ould
be
appl
ied
to s
uppl
ies
from
Rus
sia.
Whi
le g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s un
ders
core
d th
at n
o su
pplie
r ha
d be
en b
anne
d fro
m e
xpor
ting
to T
urke
y, Tu
rkey
’s pu
rcha
ses
of th
e co
ncer
ned
prod
ucts
from
Rus
sia
have
effe
ctiv
ely
com
e to
a h
alt.
132
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Turk
eyM
aySu
nflow
er o
il/m
eal
Turk
ey re
adm
itted
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n to
its
list o
f acc
epte
d im
port
tax-
free
orig
ins
for
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
incl
udin
g su
nflow
er o
il an
d su
nflow
er m
eal.
The
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n ha
d be
en s
uspe
nded
from
the
list
last
Mar
ch, e
ntai
ling
that
its
ship
men
ts t
o Tu
rkey
face
d pr
ohib
itive
tariff
s (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’17)
.
133
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aN
ovem
ber
Gra
ins,
oils
eeds
Gov
ernm
ent
offici
als
anno
unce
d a
30 p
erce
nt c
ut in
doc
king
ser
vice
fee
s in
the
por
t of
Ro
sario
– th
e po
rt th
at a
ccou
nts
for a
bout
80
perc
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’s ag
ricul
tura
l exp
orts
. Th
e m
easu
re is
aim
ed a
t red
ucin
g th
e co
sts
of e
xpor
ting
grai
ns. R
epor
tedl
y, do
ckin
g fe
es
repr
esen
t abo
ut 3
0 pe
rcen
t of t
otal
por
t exp
ense
s in
curre
d by
exp
orte
rs.
134
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Boliv
iaM
aySo
ybea
nTh
e Bo
livia
n G
over
nmen
t rai
sed
the
coun
try’s
annu
al so
ybea
n ex
port
quot
a to
400
000
tonn
es,
in a
bid
to p
rom
ote
fore
ign
sale
s w
hile
con
tinui
ng to
gua
rant
ee th
at d
omes
tic c
onsu
mpt
ion
requ
irem
ents
are
met
.
135
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indi
aM
arch
Edib
le o
ilW
ith a
vie
w t
o bo
ost
ship
men
ts a
nd p
rom
ote
dom
estic
pro
cess
ing
of p
rem
ium
veg
etab
le
oils
, on
27 M
arch
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia li
fted
a ba
n on
bul
k ex
ports
of s
elec
ted
edib
le
oils
, not
ably
gro
undn
ut, s
esam
e an
d so
ybea
n oi
l. Th
e m
easu
res
will
likel
y be
nefit
in p
artic
ular
gr
ound
nut p
rodu
cers
and
cru
sher
s in
Guj
arat
Sta
te, w
here
a re
cord
har
vest
has
driv
en d
own
loca
l pric
es. I
ndia
ban
ned
bulk
exp
orts
in 2
008,
whe
n th
e sh
are
of th
e co
untry
’s co
nsum
ptio
n m
et t
hrou
gh im
ports
sta
rted
risin
g sh
arpl
y. Si
nce
then
, th
e go
vern
men
t on
ly a
llow
ed t
he
expo
rtatio
n of
edi
ble
oils
in b
rand
ed c
onsu
mer
pac
ks o
f up
to
5 kg
– s
ubje
ct t
o vo
lum
e lim
itatio
ns a
nd m
inim
um p
rices
.
136
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aFe
brua
ryPa
lm o
ilIn
Feb
ruar
y, In
done
sia
will
rais
e its
exp
ort t
ax o
n cr
ude
palm
oil
ship
men
ts to
USD
18
per
tonn
e (c
ompa
red
to U
SD 3
in J
anua
ry) –
th
e hi
ghes
t ra
te s
ince
the
cou
ntry
cha
nged
the
du
ty fr
om a
per
cent
age
rate
to
a do
llar
syst
em in
201
5 (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’15)
. The
six
-fold
in
crea
se h
as b
een
trigg
ered
by
the
hike
in th
e go
vern
men
t’s b
ench
mar
k pr
ice
for p
alm
oil
to
USD
816
per
tonn
e. T
he ta
x ris
e co
uld
affec
t the
com
petit
iven
ess
of In
done
sia’
s ex
ports
and
en
cour
age
prod
ucer
s to
rai
se s
ales
to
dom
estic
buy
ers,
esp
ecia
lly t
he b
iodi
esel
indu
stry
, in
dust
ry s
ourc
es s
aid.
137
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
In M
arch
201
7, In
done
sia’
s var
iabl
e ta
x on
palm
oil e
xpor
ts re
mai
ned
unch
ange
d at
USD
18
per
tonn
e, r
eflec
ting
an o
nly
mar
gina
l in
crea
se i
n th
e go
vern
men
t’s p
alm
oil
refe
renc
e pr
ice
betw
een
Mar
ch a
nd F
ebru
ary
2017
. For
Apr
il, th
e ex
port
tax
has
been
low
ered
to U
SD 3
per
to
nne,
refle
ctin
g a
drop
in th
e ba
se p
rice.
138
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aM
ayPa
lm o
il Af
ter s
tand
ing
at U
SD 1
8 pe
r ton
ne in
Feb
ruar
y an
d M
arch
, Ind
ones
ia’s
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de
palm
oil
ship
men
ts w
as lo
wer
ed to
USD
3 p
er to
nne
in A
pril
and
even
tual
ly s
uspe
nded
in
May
. The
suc
cess
ive
cuts
wer
e in
line
with
the
tax’
slid
ing
regi
me
and
refle
ct th
e de
clin
e in
th
e co
mm
odity
’s w
orld
pric
e (a
nd h
ence
in th
e offi
cial
ben
chm
ark
pric
e us
ed to
det
erm
ine
the
tax
rate
).
28 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
139
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aJu
nePa
lm o
il In
Indo
nesi
a, th
e ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il ha
s be
en s
et a
t zer
o fo
r bot
h Ju
ne a
nd J
uly,
as
the
com
mod
ity’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
rem
aine
d be
low
the
thre
shol
d th
at w
ould
trig
ger t
axat
ion.
140
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aJu
lyPa
lm o
ilIn
done
sia
kept
the
expo
rt ta
x on
crud
e pa
lm o
il at z
ero
in A
ugus
t, as
the
com
mod
ity’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
rem
aine
d be
low
the
thre
shol
d th
at tr
igge
rs ta
xatio
n.
141
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
In S
epte
mbe
r 201
7, In
done
sia’
s sl
idin
g ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il w
ill st
ay a
t zer
o (fo
r the
fif
th c
onse
cutiv
e m
onth
), as
the
com
mod
ity’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
rem
aine
d be
low
the
thre
shol
d th
at tr
igge
rs ta
xatio
n.
142
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
In O
ctob
er 2
017,
Indo
nesi
a’s
slid
ing
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil w
ill st
ay a
t zer
o (fo
r the
six
th
cons
ecut
ive
mon
th),
as th
e co
mm
odity
’s re
fere
nce
pric
e re
mai
ned
belo
w th
e th
resh
old
that
tri
gger
s ta
xatio
n.
143
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
In N
ovem
ber a
nd D
ecem
ber 2
017,
Indo
nesi
a’s
slid
ing
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil
stay
ed
at z
ero.
For
eig
ht m
onth
s in
suc
cess
ion,
Ind
ones
ia’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
rem
aine
d be
low
the
th
resh
old
that
trig
gers
taxa
tion.
144
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aFe
brua
ryPa
lm o
ilM
alay
sia
rais
ed it
s pa
lm o
il ex
port
duty
for F
ebru
ary
to 7
.5 p
erce
nt –
the
four
th c
onse
cutiv
e in
crea
se s
ince
Aug
ust 2
016,
als
o re
flect
ing
an in
crea
se in
the
rele
vant
refe
renc
e pr
ice
(see
M
PPU
Jan
.’17)
.
145
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
Mal
aysi
a’s
slid
ing
expo
rt ta
x fo
r pa
lm o
il ha
s be
en r
aise
d fro
m 7
.5 p
erce
nt to
8 p
erce
nt in
M
arch
(mirr
orin
g an
incr
ease
in th
e go
vern
men
t’s b
ench
mar
k pr
ice)
, whe
reas
, in
April
, the
tax
has
been
bro
ught
bac
k to
7.5
per
cent
(fol
low
ing
a dr
op in
the
refe
renc
e pr
ice)
.
146
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
Acco
rdin
g to
gov
ernm
ent
offici
als,
Mal
aysi
a is
con
side
ring
alig
ning
the
cou
ntry
’s va
riabl
e ex
port
duty
for
palm
oil
with
tha
t of
Indo
nesi
a. A
llege
dly,
diffe
renc
es in
the
dut
y sc
hem
es
of th
e tw
o co
untri
es re
sulte
d in
Mal
aysi
a lo
sing
glo
bal m
arke
t sha
re, p
artic
ular
ly re
gard
ing
trade
in re
fined
pal
m o
il. R
epor
tedl
y, un
der t
he p
rese
nt d
uty
stru
ctur
e, In
done
sia
is a
ble
to s
ell
refin
ed p
alm
oil a
t USD
30–
40 p
er to
nne
less
than
Mal
aysi
a. T
here
fore
, Mal
aysi
a w
ould
like
to
expl
ore
the
poss
ibilit
y of
hav
ing
a co
mm
on, m
utua
lly b
enefi
cial
tax
regi
me.
The
issu
e co
uld
be
revi
ewed
at a
futu
re m
eetin
g of
the
Cou
ncil
of P
alm
Oil
Prod
ucin
g C
ount
ries
(CPO
PC).
147
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aM
ayPa
lm o
il Af
ter s
tand
ing
at 8
per
cent
in F
ebru
ary
and
Mar
ch, M
alay
sia’
s ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il sh
ipm
ents
has
bee
n lo
wer
ed th
ree
times
, mirr
orin
g th
e gr
adua
l dec
line
in th
e co
mm
odity
’s w
orld
pric
e (a
nd h
ence
in th
e offi
cial
ben
chm
ark
pric
e us
ed to
det
erm
ine
the
slid
ing
tax
rate
). In
Apr
il, M
ay a
nd J
une
2017
, the
exp
ort t
ax s
tood
at,
resp
ectiv
ely,
7.5
perc
ent,
7 pe
rcen
t and
6
perc
ent.
148
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aJu
nePa
lm o
il In
Mal
aysi
a, th
e va
riabl
e ta
x fo
r Jul
y ha
s be
en ra
ised
to 6
.5 p
erce
nt (c
ompa
red
to 6
per
cent
in
June
), m
irror
ing
a sm
all i
ncre
ase
in th
e re
leva
nt b
ench
mar
k pr
ice
for c
rude
pal
m o
il.
149
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aJu
lyPa
lm o
ilIn
Mal
aysi
a, t
he v
aria
ble
tax
for
Augu
st h
as b
een
low
ered
to
5.5
perc
ent
(com
pare
d w
ith
6.5
perc
ent i
n Ju
ly),
mirr
orin
g a
drop
in th
e re
leva
nt b
ench
mar
k pr
ice
for c
rude
pal
m o
il.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 29
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
150
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
In M
alay
sia,
the
varia
ble
tax
for S
epte
mbe
r rem
ains
unc
hang
ed a
t 5.5
per
cent
, as
the
rele
vant
be
nchm
ark
pric
e re
mai
ned
virtu
ally
unc
hang
ed c
ompa
red
with
the
prev
ious
mon
th’s
leve
l.
151
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
In M
alay
sia,
the
varia
ble
tax
for O
ctob
er w
ill be
rais
ed to
6 p
erce
nt (u
p fro
m 5
.5 p
erce
nt in
the
prev
ious
mon
th),
refle
ctin
g an
incr
ease
in th
e re
leva
nt b
ench
mar
k pr
ice.
152
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
In M
alay
sia,
the
varia
ble
expo
rt ta
x fo
r Nov
embe
r was
rais
ed to
6.5
per
cent
(up
from
6 p
erce
nt
in O
ctob
er)
and
then
bro
ught
bac
k to
6 p
erce
nt i
n De
cem
ber,
mirr
orin
g co
rresp
ondi
ng
mov
emen
ts in
the
rele
vant
ben
chm
ark
pric
e.
153
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
Mal
aysi
a’s
slid
ing
expo
rt du
ty f
or J
anua
ry 2
018
has
been
set
at
5.5
perc
ent,
dow
n fro
m
6 pe
rcen
t in
Dece
mbe
r. Th
e do
wnw
ard
corre
ctio
n re
flect
s a
decr
ease
in th
e re
leva
nt m
arke
t re
fere
nce
pric
e.
154
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Para
guay
June
Soyb
ean
Para
guay
’s Lo
wer
and
Upp
er H
ouse
app
rove
d a
bill
intro
duci
ng a
10
perc
ent t
ax o
n so
ybea
n ex
ports
. Gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
said
that
Par
agua
y’s P
resi
dent
wou
ld li
kely
vet
o th
e m
easu
re
(as
done
with
a s
imila
r pro
posa
l bac
k in
201
3 –
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
3), c
iting
con
cern
s th
at th
e pr
opos
ed ta
x w
ould
hur
t sm
all a
nd m
ediu
m-s
ized
farm
s. A
s a
subs
titut
e, to
incr
ease
sta
te
reve
nue,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
prop
osed
to
rais
e th
e va
lue-
adde
d ta
x on
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s.
Repo
rtedl
y, fa
rmer
s ha
ve p
ut th
eir 2
017/
18 p
lant
ing
deci
sion
s on
hol
d as
, in
case
the
expo
rt ta
x w
as a
ppro
ved,
soy
bean
pla
ntin
gs c
ould
be
dow
nsize
d.
155
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
& no
n-ta
riff
Ukr
aine
Dece
mbe
rSo
ybea
nO
n 7
Dece
mbe
r 201
7, th
e U
krai
nian
Par
liam
ent v
oted
to lif
t the
exi
stin
g va
lue
adde
d ta
x re
fund
on
exp
orts
of s
oy, s
unflo
wer
and
rape
seed
with
effe
ct fr
om 1
Mar
ch 2
018.
Sub
sequ
ently
, the
Pa
rliam
ent a
gree
d to
sof
ten
the
mea
sure
: bas
ed o
n th
e la
test
am
endm
ents
, the
tax
refu
nd
for s
unflo
wer
seed
exp
orts
will
rem
ain
in p
lace
, whi
le th
e re
fund
s fo
r rap
esee
d an
d so
ybea
n sh
ipm
ents
will
only
be
susp
ende
d fo
r a lim
ited
perio
d, n
amel
y fro
m 1
Sep
tem
ber 2
018
to e
nd
2021
for s
oybe
ans
and
from
1 J
anua
ry 2
020
to e
nd 2
021
for r
apes
eed.
The
bul
k of
Ukr
aine
’s ra
pe a
nd s
oy p
rodu
ctio
n is
exp
orte
d in
the
form
of s
eeds
, as
oppo
sed
to s
unflo
wer
, whi
ch
is c
rush
ed lo
cally
and
sub
sequ
ently
exp
orte
d as
oil
and
mea
l. Th
e te
mpo
rary
sus
pens
ion
of
refu
nds
for r
ape
and
soy
coul
d w
eigh
on
the
crop
s’ d
omes
tic p
rices
, pos
sibl
y le
adin
g to
a
drop
in p
lant
ings
, whi
le U
krai
ne’s
crus
hers
cou
ld b
enefi
t fro
m h
ighe
r see
d su
pplie
s.
156
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Chi
na, U
nite
d St
ates
Janu
ary
Dist
illers
drie
d gr
ains
The
Chi
nese
Gov
ernm
ent r
aise
d th
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng a
nd a
nti-s
ubsi
dy d
utie
s im
pose
d on
the
impo
rtatio
n of
dis
tille
rs d
ried
grai
ns (D
DGs)
form
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es b
ack
in S
epte
mbe
r 201
6 an
d ex
tend
ed th
e re
talia
tory
mea
sure
unt
il 202
2 –
a de
cisi
on e
xpec
ted
to in
crea
se fe
edm
illers
’ de
man
d fo
r dom
estic
ally
pro
duce
d DD
Gs,
mai
ze a
nd s
oym
eal.
157
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
Uni
on,
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
yPa
lm o
il fa
tty
alco
hols
In D
ecem
ber 2
016,
a p
anel
est
ablis
hed
by th
e W
TO d
ispu
te s
ettle
men
t bod
y (D
SB) i
ssue
d a
repo
rt on
the
anti-
dum
ping
mea
sure
s ta
ken
by th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
aga
inst
impo
rts o
f cer
tain
fa
tty a
lcoh
ols
(der
ived
from
pal
m o
il) fro
m In
done
sia
(see
also
MPP
U M
ay’1
4). T
he P
anel
, w
hich
was
set
up
at th
e re
ques
t of I
ndon
esia
, fou
nd th
at th
e EU
’s ex
port
pric
e co
mpa
rison
s w
ere
not i
ncon
sist
ent w
ith e
xist
ing
WTO
regu
latio
ns, b
ut ru
led
that
the
EU fa
iled
to d
iscl
ose
the
resu
lts o
f its
on-
the-
spot
ver
ifica
tions
of I
ndon
esia
n pr
oduc
ers.
The
pan
el re
com
men
ded
that
the
EU
brin
g its
mea
sure
s in
to c
onfo
rmity
with
its
oblig
atio
ns u
nder
the
WTO
ant
i-du
mpi
ng A
gree
men
t.
30 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
158
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
July
Biod
iese
lIn
line
with
ple
dges
to b
ring
the
EU’s
anti-
dum
ping
dut
ies
on b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a in
to c
onfo
rmity
with
WTO
rule
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jan
’17)
, the
EU
Com
mis
sion
has
ta
bled
a p
ropo
sal f
or lo
wer
ing
the
dutie
s th
at a
re in
pla
ce s
ince
Nov
embe
r 201
3. U
nder
the
prop
osal
, the
dut
ies
on im
ports
from
Arg
entin
a w
ould
be
redu
ced
from
aro
und
25 p
erce
nt to
9
perc
ent,
and
thos
e on
Indo
nesi
an p
rodu
ce fr
om a
bout
19
perc
ent t
o 5
perc
ent,
acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
. The
EU
’s ag
ricul
ture
and
bio
dies
el lo
bbie
s st
rong
ly c
ritic
ized
the
prop
osal
, ar
guin
g th
at t
heir
sect
ors
wou
ld b
e se
vere
ly im
pact
ed b
y th
e re
duct
ion
in d
utie
s, w
hich
, al
lege
dly,
wou
ld tr
igge
r an
influ
x of
low
-cos
t bio
dies
el fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a in
to th
e bl
oc. T
he C
omm
issi
on d
ecid
ed to
pos
tpon
e th
e fin
al v
ote
on th
e m
atte
r to
Sept
embe
r 201
7.
159
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
aAu
gust
Biod
iese
lRe
gard
ing
the
EU’s
com
mitm
ent t
o br
ing
the
bloc
’s an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s on
bio
dies
el im
ports
fro
m A
rgen
tina
into
con
form
ity w
ith a
rece
nt W
TO ru
ling
(see
MPP
U J
an.&
Aug.
’17)
, the
two
parti
es a
gree
d to
ext
end
the
EU’s
time
limit
for r
emov
ing
or a
lterin
g th
e na
med
tariff
s un
til
28 S
epte
mbe
r 201
7 (a
s op
pose
d to
the
orig
inal
ly a
gree
d up
on d
ate
of 1
0 Au
gust
201
7).
160
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
aSe
ptem
ber
Biod
iese
lFo
llow
ing
cons
ulta
tions
with
Mem
ber S
tate
s, th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on d
ecid
ed to
redu
ce
the
bloc
’s cu
stom
dut
ies
on b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina,
effe
ctiv
e 19
Sep
tem
ber 2
017
(see
also
MPP
U S
ep.’1
7). T
o co
nfor
m w
ith a
rec
ent
WTO
rul
ing,
the
EU
low
ered
its
anti-
dum
ping
dut
ies
to b
etw
een
4.5
perc
ent a
nd 8
.1 p
erce
nt –
as
agai
nst t
he 2
2–25
.7 p
erce
nt
rang
e in
pla
ce s
ince
May
201
3. T
he E
U’s
deci
sion
has
com
e at
a ti
me
whe
n th
e U
nite
d St
ates
ch
ose
to im
plem
ent i
ts o
wn
mea
sure
s to
rest
rict b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
(see
MPP
U
Sep.
’17)
. Acc
ordi
ngly,
Arg
entin
a’s
expo
rt-or
ient
ed b
iodi
esel
indu
stry
wel
com
ed th
e po
ssib
ility
to r
esum
e sh
ipm
ents
to
the
EU m
arke
t. By
con
trast
, fa
rmer
org
aniza
tions
and
bio
dies
el
prod
ucer
s in
the
EU (w
here
bio
dies
el is
mos
tly p
rodu
ced
from
loca
lly g
row
n ra
pese
ed c
rops
) cr
itici
zed
the
redu
ctio
n in
tariff
s an
d th
reat
ened
to a
ppea
l aga
inst
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
’s de
cisi
on. M
eanw
hile
, the
EU
’s an
ti-du
mpi
ng ta
riffs
on In
done
sian
bio
dies
el, w
hich
wer
e al
so
intro
duce
d in
201
3, w
ill re
mai
n in
pla
ce, c
onsi
derin
g th
at th
ey a
re s
ubje
ct o
f a s
till p
endi
ng,
sepa
rate
cas
e at
the
WTO
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6).
161
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Cla
imin
g th
at A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a ar
e du
mpi
ng b
iodi
esel
ont
o th
e U
S m
arke
t, th
e U
S bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try fi
led
an a
nti-d
umpi
ng a
nd c
ount
erva
iling
duty
pet
ition
with
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es G
over
nmen
t. Ac
cord
ing
to t
he p
etiti
on,
Arge
ntin
e an
d In
done
sian
pro
duce
rs a
re
sellin
g bi
odie
sel i
nto
the
US
mar
ket a
t pric
es s
ubst
antia
lly b
elow
thei
r cos
ts o
f pro
duct
ion.
Th
e pe
titio
n al
so a
llege
s th
at A
rgen
tine
and
Indo
nesi
an p
rodu
cers
enj
oy tr
ade
and
mar
ket
dist
ortin
g su
bsid
ies.
US
biod
iese
l im
ports
from
the
tw
o co
untri
es a
re s
aid
to h
ave
surg
ed
in r
ecen
t ye
ars,
tak
ing
mar
ket
shar
e fro
m U
S m
anuf
actu
rers
. Re
porte
dly,
the
Indo
nesi
an
Gov
ernm
ent
has
subm
itted
a c
ompl
aint
to
the
WTO
ove
r th
e U
S in
dust
ry’s
petit
ion,
whi
le
Arge
ntin
e st
ate
offici
als
have
reje
cted
the
US
clai
ms
as u
nfou
nded
.
162
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
May
Biod
iese
lIn
Apr
il, fo
llow
ing
a pe
titio
n fil
ed b
y th
e U
S bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’17)
, the
US
Depa
rtmen
t of
Com
mer
ce la
unch
ed p
relim
inar
y in
vest
igat
ions
into
bio
dies
el im
ports
fro
m
Arge
ntin
a an
d In
done
sia
for p
ossi
ble
dum
ping
and
sub
sidi
zatio
n. In
May
, the
US
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tr
ade
Com
mis
sion
(ITC
) det
erm
ined
tha
t th
ere
is e
vide
nce
that
the
US
biod
iese
l ind
ustry
is
hur
t by
suc
h im
ports
, whi
ch, a
llege
dly,
are
subs
idize
d an
d so
ld in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
t le
ss th
an fa
ir va
lue.
Bas
ed o
n th
e C
omm
issi
on’s
affirm
ativ
e de
term
inat
ion,
the
Depa
rtmen
t of
Com
mer
ce is
set
to
purs
ue it
s in
vest
igat
ions
, w
ith p
relim
inar
y co
unte
rvai
ling
and
anti-
dum
ping
dut
y de
term
inat
ions
due
late
r thi
s ye
ar. I
n 20
16, r
ough
ly a
third
of t
he U
S bi
odie
sel
mar
ket
(i.e.
abo
ut 3
.1 m
illion
ton
nes)
was
sup
plie
d by
impo
rted
biod
iese
l. Ar
gent
ina
alon
e ex
porte
d ar
ound
1.5
milli
on to
nnes
of b
iodi
esel
and
rene
wab
le d
iese
l to
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 31
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
163
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
June
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of C
omm
erce
dec
ided
to e
xten
d its
trad
e in
vest
igat
ions
into
bio
dies
el
impo
rts f
rom
Arg
entin
a an
d In
done
sia
(see
MPP
U J
une’
17),
whi
ch i
mpl
ies
that
any
de
term
inat
ion
of p
relim
inar
y co
unte
rvai
ling
dutie
s an
d an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s w
ill be
due
by,
resp
ectiv
ely,
22nd
Aug
ust a
nd 2
0th
Oct
ober
(as
oppo
sed
to th
e pr
evio
us d
eadl
ines
of 1
6th
June
and
30t
h Au
gust
).
164
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
aJu
lyBi
odie
sel
The
US
biod
iese
l in
dust
ry fi
led
an a
dditi
onal
alle
gatio
n w
ith t
he U
S De
partm
ent
of
Com
mer
ce (D
OC
) cla
imin
g th
at ‘c
ritic
al c
ircum
stan
ces’
exi
st w
ith re
spec
t to
impo
rts o
f low
-co
st b
iodi
esel
fro
m A
rgen
tina.
Bas
ed o
n an
ear
lier
petit
ion,
in A
pril
2017
, DO
C la
unch
ed
prel
imin
ary
inve
stig
atio
ns in
to t
he n
amed
impo
rts fo
r po
ssib
le d
umpi
ng a
nd s
ubsi
diza
tion,
w
ith p
relim
inar
y de
term
inat
ions
due
late
r th
is y
ear
(see
MPP
U J
une’
17).
In p
rinci
ple,
the
‘c
ritic
al c
ircum
stan
ces’
pro
visi
on a
llow
s fo
r th
e im
posi
tion
of c
ount
erva
iling
mea
sure
s pr
ior t
o pr
elim
inar
y de
term
inat
ions
, pos
sibl
y off
erin
g re
lief t
o aff
ecte
d pa
rties
in th
e fo
rm o
f re
troac
tive
dutie
s –
a pr
otec
tion
aim
ed a
t det
errin
g ex
porte
rs fr
om b
oost
ing
ship
men
ts b
efor
e co
unte
rvai
ling
mea
sure
s ar
e in
trodu
ced.
Cla
imin
g th
at s
hipm
ents
of A
rgen
tine
biod
iese
l int
o th
e U
nite
d St
ates
sur
ged
sinc
e th
e in
dust
ry fi
led
its fi
rst p
etiti
on, U
S bi
odie
sel p
rodu
cers
hav
e ta
ken
the
addi
tiona
l ste
p of
invo
king
the
‘crit
ical
circ
umst
ance
s’ c
laus
e.
165
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Augu
stBi
odie
sel
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Com
mer
ce (D
OC
) ann
ounc
ed a
ffirm
ativ
e pr
elim
inar
y det
erm
inat
ions
in
the
coun
terv
ailin
g du
ty in
vest
igat
ions
rela
ted
to In
done
sian
and
Arg
entin
e ex
ports
of b
iodi
esel
to
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es. D
OC
cla
imed
that
Arg
entin
e an
d In
done
sian
exp
orte
rs re
ceiv
ed su
bsid
ies
of, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
50–6
4 per
cent
and
41–6
8 per
cent
. The
dep
artm
ent a
lso
dete
rmin
ed th
at ‘c
ritic
al
circ
umst
ance
s’ e
xist
in b
oth
case
s, w
hich
allo
ws
for r
etro
activ
e co
llect
ion
of d
utie
s (s
ee a
lso
MPP
U A
ug.’1
7). F
inal
dut
y de
term
inat
ions
are
due
on
7 N
ovem
ber 2
017.
Whi
le D
OC
fina
lizes
its
inve
stig
atio
ns, b
iodi
esel
impo
rters
will
be re
quire
d to
pay
cas
h de
posi
ts o
n pu
rcha
ses
from
Ar
gent
ina
and
Indo
nesi
a ba
sed
on th
e in
dica
ted
subs
idiza
tion
rate
s, g
oing
bac
k to
May
201
7.
As to
the
com
pani
on a
nti-d
umpi
ng in
vest
igat
ions
, pre
limin
ary
dete
rmin
atio
ns a
re e
xpec
ted
in O
ctob
er 2
017.
DO
C’s
initi
al n
otic
e ha
s le
d to
tem
pora
ry s
pike
s in
US
and
inte
rnat
iona
l so
ybea
n oi
l pric
es. E
vide
ntly,
mar
ket p
artic
ipan
ts a
re c
once
rned
that
, in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
dem
and
for d
omes
tical
ly p
rodu
ced
biod
iese
l – w
hich
is m
ainl
y pr
oduc
ed fr
om s
oybe
an o
il –
coul
d in
crea
se o
nce
reta
liato
ry im
port
dutie
s ar
e im
pose
d. A
rgen
tina
wou
ld b
e pa
rticu
larly
aff
ecte
d by
the
envi
sage
d tra
de p
olic
y ch
ange
: in
201
6, U
S-bo
und
expo
rts a
ccou
nted
for
appr
oxim
atel
y 90
per
cent
of A
rgen
tina’
s ov
eral
l bio
dies
el s
ales
, with
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
repr
esen
ting
two-
third
s of
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es’ t
otal
bio
dies
el p
urch
ases
. Rep
orte
dly,
Arge
ntin
a ha
s off
ered
to
colla
bora
te w
ith t
he U
.S. D
OC
dur
ing
its fi
nal d
uty
dete
rmin
atio
n. T
he t
wo
parti
es m
ay a
lso
cons
ider
the
intro
duct
ion
of ta
riff ra
te q
uota
s, a
ccor
ding
to p
ress
repo
rts.
166
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lIn
Oct
ober
201
7, t
he U
.S.
Com
mer
ce D
epar
tmen
t se
t –
in a
dditi
on t
o th
e pr
elim
inar
y co
unte
rvai
ling
dutie
s im
pose
d ea
rlier
this
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Sep
.’17)
– p
relim
inar
y an
ti-du
mpi
ng
dutie
s on
impo
rts o
f bi
odie
sel f
rom
Arg
entin
a an
d In
done
sia,
cla
imin
g th
at A
rgen
tine
and
Indo
nesi
an b
iodi
esel
was
sol
d in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
t dum
ping
mar
gins
of,
resp
ectiv
ely,
54–
70 p
erce
nt a
nd 5
1 pe
rcen
t. Th
e De
partm
ent i
s ex
pect
ed to
ann
ounc
e its
fina
l ant
i-dum
ping
de
cisi
on in
Jan
uary
201
8.
32 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
167
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
In N
ovem
ber 2
017,
the
Depa
rtmen
t als
o se
t fina
l cou
nter
vailin
g (o
r ant
i-sub
sidy
) dut
ies,
whi
ch
will
rem
ain
in p
lace
for
five
year
s. T
he fi
nal d
utie
s, w
hich
var
y de
pend
ing
on th
e pa
rticu
lar
prod
ucer
/exp
orte
r in
volv
ed, h
ave
been
fixe
d at
71–
72 p
erce
nt fo
r Ar
gent
ine
biod
iese
l and
34
–65
perc
ent f
or In
done
sian
pro
duce
– p
artly
exc
eedi
ng th
e pr
elim
inar
y du
ties
intro
duce
d in
Aug
ust 2
017.
At a
ny ra
te, b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om th
e tw
o co
untri
es c
ame
to a
sta
ndst
ill as
so
on a
s th
e hi
gh p
relim
inar
y co
unte
rvai
ling
dutie
s ca
me
into
effe
ct. F
or th
e fin
al c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s to
com
e in
to e
ffect
, the
U.S
. Int
erna
tiona
l Tra
de C
omm
issi
on n
eeds
to c
onfir
m th
at th
e im
ports
in q
uest
ion
harm
ed U
.S. p
rodu
cers
– a
dec
isio
n ex
pect
ed to
be
mad
e in
Dec
embe
r 20
17.
168
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
The
U.S
. Int
erna
tiona
l Tra
de C
omm
issi
on fo
und
that
bio
dies
el fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a hu
rt U
S pr
oduc
ers
and
that
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n in
the
tw
o co
untri
es is
sub
sidi
zed.
The
affi
rmat
ion
allo
ws
the
coun
terv
ailin
g du
ties
set
by t
he U
.S.
Com
mer
ce D
epar
tmen
t la
st
Nov
embe
r to
com
e in
to fo
rce
and
rem
ain
in p
lace
for fi
ve y
ears
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7).
169
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Aust
ralia
, Eur
opea
n U
nion
M
ayO
ilsee
ds,
rape
seed
Aust
ralia
and
the
Eur
opea
n U
nion
suc
cess
fully
con
clud
ed a
join
t sc
opin
g ex
erci
se o
n a
futu
re fr
ee t
rade
agr
eem
ent
betw
een
the
two
econ
omie
s. A
ustra
lian
grow
ers’
ass
ocia
tions
w
elco
med
the
new
s as
the
EU p
rovi
des
an im
porta
nt m
arke
t for
Aus
tralia
n oi
lsee
ds, n
otab
ly
rape
seed
. Cur
rent
ly, a
bout
60
perc
ent o
f Aus
tralia
’s ra
pese
ed s
hipm
ents
are
dire
cted
to th
e EU
. It i
s im
porta
nt to
not
e th
at, i
n th
e EU
, Aus
tralia
’s ra
pese
eds
enjo
y a
prem
ium
of u
p to
AU
D 50
per
tonn
e (U
SD 3
8) d
ue to
the
coun
try’s
capa
city
to d
eliv
er n
on-G
M ra
pese
ed.
170
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Aust
ralia
, Per
uN
ovem
ber
Rape
seed
Und
er a
rece
ntly
sign
ed fr
ee tr
ade
agre
emen
t bet
wee
n Au
stra
lia a
nd P
eru,
Aus
tralia
n ra
pese
ed
will
be a
llow
ed to
ent
er P
eru
free
of d
uty.
171
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Can
ada,
Chi
naM
arch
Rape
seed
The
Can
ola
Cou
ncil
of C
anad
a (th
e in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
n th
at r
epre
sent
s th
e co
untry
’s ra
pese
ed v
alue
cha
in) h
as b
acke
d th
e on
-goi
ng e
xplo
rato
ry d
iscu
ssio
ns b
etw
een
Can
ada
and
Chi
na a
bout
a p
ossi
ble
bila
tera
l tra
de a
gree
men
t, sa
ying
tha
t it
wou
ld c
reat
e jo
bs
and
incr
ease
Can
ada’
s ex
ports
of r
apes
eed
and
rape
seed
pro
duct
s. A
ccor
ding
to a
stu
dy
com
mis
sion
ed b
y th
e C
ounc
il, th
e el
imin
atio
n of
Chi
na’s
impo
rt ta
riffs
coul
d ra
ise
Can
ada’
s ex
ports
of r
ape
seed
, oil
and
mea
l by
CAD
1.2
billi
on a
yea
r (U
SD 0
.9 b
illion
) – w
hich
wou
ld
equa
te t
o 1.
8 m
illion
ton
nes
of r
apes
eed
or a
bout
10
perc
ent
of C
anad
a’s
curre
nt a
nnua
l pr
oduc
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
Chi
na’s
tariff
on
impo
rted
rape
seed
cur
rent
ly s
tand
s at
9 p
erce
nt,
whi
ch, i
n 20
16, m
ade
impo
rted
rape
seed
abo
ut C
AD 3
2 pe
r ton
ne (U
SD 2
4) m
ore
expa
nsiv
e th
an s
oybe
ans
(whi
ch e
njoy
an
impo
rt du
ty o
f 3 p
erce
nt).
In a
dditi
on, r
esol
ving
spe
cific
non
-ta
riff b
arrie
rs is
sai
d to
be
nece
ssar
y to
take
full
adva
ntag
e of
Chi
na’s
dem
and
(see
MPP
U
Nov
.’16)
. Fur
ther
mor
e, th
ree
rape
seed
var
ietie
s au
thor
ized
in C
anad
a in
201
2 ar
e st
ill to
gai
n ap
prov
al in
Chi
na, i
mpl
ying
that
thei
r com
mer
cial
izatio
n re
mai
ns o
n ho
ld in
Can
ada
– al
lege
dly
ham
perin
g fa
rmer
s’ a
cces
s to
the
late
st s
eed
tech
nolo
gy.
172
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Can
ada,
Eur
opea
n U
nion
Sept
embe
rRa
pese
ed o
ilTh
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Eco
nom
ic a
nd T
rade
Agr
eem
ent (
CET
A) b
etw
een
the
EU a
nd C
anad
a ha
s en
tere
d in
to fo
rce
prov
isio
nally
on
21 S
epte
mbe
r 201
7. C
once
rnin
g oi
lsee
ds, t
he a
gree
men
t’s
impl
emen
tatio
n en
tails
the
elim
inat
ion
– fro
m d
ay o
ne –
of
the
EU’s
tariff
s on
Can
adia
n ra
pese
ed o
il im
ports
(se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
. C
ETA’
s fu
ll an
d de
finiti
ve a
pplic
atio
n re
mai
ns
cont
inge
nt u
pon
ratifi
catio
n by
all
EU M
embe
r Sta
te p
arlia
men
ts.
173
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Indo
nesi
a, A
ustra
liaM
arch
Palm
oil
Whi
le In
done
sia
and
Aust
ralia
are
neg
otia
ting
a fre
e tra
de d
eal t
o be
con
clud
ed t
his
year
, In
done
sian
offi
cial
s in
vite
d Au
stra
lia to
rem
ove
tariff
s an
d no
n-ta
riff m
easu
res
for I
ndon
esia
n pr
oduc
ts su
ch a
s pal
m o
il, p
aper
pul
p an
d ot
her w
ood
prod
ucts
. Reg
ardi
ng p
alm
oil,
Aus
tralia
n offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at n
o tra
de b
arrie
rs w
ere
in p
lace
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 33
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
167
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
In N
ovem
ber 2
017,
the
Depa
rtmen
t als
o se
t fina
l cou
nter
vailin
g (o
r ant
i-sub
sidy
) dut
ies,
whi
ch
will
rem
ain
in p
lace
for
five
year
s. T
he fi
nal d
utie
s, w
hich
var
y de
pend
ing
on th
e pa
rticu
lar
prod
ucer
/exp
orte
r in
volv
ed, h
ave
been
fixe
d at
71–
72 p
erce
nt fo
r Ar
gent
ine
biod
iese
l and
34
–65
perc
ent f
or In
done
sian
pro
duce
– p
artly
exc
eedi
ng th
e pr
elim
inar
y du
ties
intro
duce
d in
Aug
ust 2
017.
At a
ny ra
te, b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om th
e tw
o co
untri
es c
ame
to a
sta
ndst
ill as
so
on a
s th
e hi
gh p
relim
inar
y co
unte
rvai
ling
dutie
s ca
me
into
effe
ct. F
or th
e fin
al c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s to
com
e in
to e
ffect
, the
U.S
. Int
erna
tiona
l Tra
de C
omm
issi
on n
eeds
to c
onfir
m th
at th
e im
ports
in q
uest
ion
harm
ed U
.S. p
rodu
cers
– a
dec
isio
n ex
pect
ed to
be
mad
e in
Dec
embe
r 20
17.
168
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
The
U.S
. Int
erna
tiona
l Tra
de C
omm
issi
on fo
und
that
bio
dies
el fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a hu
rt U
S pr
oduc
ers
and
that
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n in
the
tw
o co
untri
es is
sub
sidi
zed.
The
affi
rmat
ion
allo
ws
the
coun
terv
ailin
g du
ties
set
by t
he U
.S.
Com
mer
ce D
epar
tmen
t la
st
Nov
embe
r to
com
e in
to fo
rce
and
rem
ain
in p
lace
for fi
ve y
ears
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7).
169
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Aust
ralia
, Eur
opea
n U
nion
M
ayO
ilsee
ds,
rape
seed
Aust
ralia
and
the
Eur
opea
n U
nion
suc
cess
fully
con
clud
ed a
join
t sc
opin
g ex
erci
se o
n a
futu
re fr
ee t
rade
agr
eem
ent
betw
een
the
two
econ
omie
s. A
ustra
lian
grow
ers’
ass
ocia
tions
w
elco
med
the
new
s as
the
EU p
rovi
des
an im
porta
nt m
arke
t for
Aus
tralia
n oi
lsee
ds, n
otab
ly
rape
seed
. Cur
rent
ly, a
bout
60
perc
ent o
f Aus
tralia
’s ra
pese
ed s
hipm
ents
are
dire
cted
to th
e EU
. It i
s im
porta
nt to
not
e th
at, i
n th
e EU
, Aus
tralia
’s ra
pese
eds
enjo
y a
prem
ium
of u
p to
AU
D 50
per
tonn
e (U
SD 3
8) d
ue to
the
coun
try’s
capa
city
to d
eliv
er n
on-G
M ra
pese
ed.
170
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Aust
ralia
, Per
uN
ovem
ber
Rape
seed
Und
er a
rece
ntly
sign
ed fr
ee tr
ade
agre
emen
t bet
wee
n Au
stra
lia a
nd P
eru,
Aus
tralia
n ra
pese
ed
will
be a
llow
ed to
ent
er P
eru
free
of d
uty.
171
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Can
ada,
Chi
naM
arch
Rape
seed
The
Can
ola
Cou
ncil
of C
anad
a (th
e in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
n th
at r
epre
sent
s th
e co
untry
’s ra
pese
ed v
alue
cha
in) h
as b
acke
d th
e on
-goi
ng e
xplo
rato
ry d
iscu
ssio
ns b
etw
een
Can
ada
and
Chi
na a
bout
a p
ossi
ble
bila
tera
l tra
de a
gree
men
t, sa
ying
tha
t it
wou
ld c
reat
e jo
bs
and
incr
ease
Can
ada’
s ex
ports
of r
apes
eed
and
rape
seed
pro
duct
s. A
ccor
ding
to a
stu
dy
com
mis
sion
ed b
y th
e C
ounc
il, th
e el
imin
atio
n of
Chi
na’s
impo
rt ta
riffs
coul
d ra
ise
Can
ada’
s ex
ports
of r
ape
seed
, oil
and
mea
l by
CAD
1.2
billi
on a
yea
r (U
SD 0
.9 b
illion
) – w
hich
wou
ld
equa
te t
o 1.
8 m
illion
ton
nes
of r
apes
eed
or a
bout
10
perc
ent
of C
anad
a’s
curre
nt a
nnua
l pr
oduc
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
Chi
na’s
tariff
on
impo
rted
rape
seed
cur
rent
ly s
tand
s at
9 p
erce
nt,
whi
ch, i
n 20
16, m
ade
impo
rted
rape
seed
abo
ut C
AD 3
2 pe
r ton
ne (U
SD 2
4) m
ore
expa
nsiv
e th
an s
oybe
ans
(whi
ch e
njoy
an
impo
rt du
ty o
f 3 p
erce
nt).
In a
dditi
on, r
esol
ving
spe
cific
non
-ta
riff b
arrie
rs is
sai
d to
be
nece
ssar
y to
take
full
adva
ntag
e of
Chi
na’s
dem
and
(see
MPP
U
Nov
.’16)
. Fur
ther
mor
e, th
ree
rape
seed
var
ietie
s au
thor
ized
in C
anad
a in
201
2 ar
e st
ill to
gai
n ap
prov
al in
Chi
na, i
mpl
ying
that
thei
r com
mer
cial
izatio
n re
mai
ns o
n ho
ld in
Can
ada
– al
lege
dly
ham
perin
g fa
rmer
s’ a
cces
s to
the
late
st s
eed
tech
nolo
gy.
172
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Can
ada,
Eur
opea
n U
nion
Sept
embe
rRa
pese
ed o
ilTh
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Eco
nom
ic a
nd T
rade
Agr
eem
ent (
CET
A) b
etw
een
the
EU a
nd C
anad
a ha
s en
tere
d in
to fo
rce
prov
isio
nally
on
21 S
epte
mbe
r 201
7. C
once
rnin
g oi
lsee
ds, t
he a
gree
men
t’s
impl
emen
tatio
n en
tails
the
elim
inat
ion
– fro
m d
ay o
ne –
of
the
EU’s
tariff
s on
Can
adia
n ra
pese
ed o
il im
ports
(se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
. C
ETA’
s fu
ll an
d de
finiti
ve a
pplic
atio
n re
mai
ns
cont
inge
nt u
pon
ratifi
catio
n by
all
EU M
embe
r Sta
te p
arlia
men
ts.
173
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Indo
nesi
a, A
ustra
liaM
arch
Palm
oil
Whi
le In
done
sia
and
Aust
ralia
are
neg
otia
ting
a fre
e tra
de d
eal t
o be
con
clud
ed t
his
year
, In
done
sian
offi
cial
s in
vite
d Au
stra
lia to
rem
ove
tariff
s an
d no
n-ta
riff m
easu
res
for I
ndon
esia
n pr
oduc
ts su
ch a
s pal
m o
il, p
aper
pul
p an
d ot
her w
ood
prod
ucts
. Reg
ardi
ng p
alm
oil,
Aus
tralia
n offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at n
o tra
de b
arrie
rs w
ere
in p
lace
.
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
174
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Mal
aysi
a, S
ri La
nka
Dece
mbe
rPa
lm o
il Re
porte
dly,
the
two
coun
tries
are
exp
lorin
g th
e po
ssib
ility
of e
nter
ing
into
a f
ree
trade
ag
reem
ent.
In th
e ev
ent t
hat a
n ag
reem
ent i
s re
ache
d, M
alay
sia
expe
cts
seve
ral p
rodu
cts
to
gain
bet
ter a
cces
s to
the
Sri L
anka
n m
arke
t, in
clud
ing
palm
oil,
on
whi
ch S
ri La
nka
curre
ntly
ch
arge
s a
spec
ial l
evy
of L
KR 1
10–1
30 p
er k
g (U
SD 7
15–8
44 p
er to
nne)
.
175
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Glo
bal
Janu
ary
Oliv
e oi
lO
n Ja
nuar
y 1,
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Oliv
e C
ounc
il’s (I
OC
) new
inte
rnat
iona
l agr
eem
ent o
n ol
ive
oil
and
tabl
e ol
ives
took
effe
ct. I
t is
the
sixt
h su
ch a
gree
men
t sin
ce th
e or
gani
zatio
n w
as s
et u
p in
19
59. C
ompa
red
to th
e pr
evio
us v
ersi
ons,
the
new
agr
eem
ent a
ims
to b
oost
the
invo
lvem
ent
of im
porti
ng c
ount
ries
in IO
C’s
wor
k by
mak
ing
parti
cipa
tion
shar
es m
ore
appe
alin
g. B
ringi
ng
toge
ther
oliv
e oi
l and
tabl
e ol
ive
prod
ucin
g an
d co
nsum
ing
stak
ehol
ders
, IO
C’s
mis
sion
is to
co
ntrib
ute
to th
e su
stai
nabl
e an
d re
spon
sibl
e de
velo
pmen
t of o
live
grow
ing
and
to s
erve
as
a w
orld
foru
m fo
r dis
cuss
ing
polic
y is
sues
and
tack
ling
the
indu
stry
’s ch
alle
nges
.
176
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Glo
bal
Mar
chAg
ricul
tura
l cr
ops
WTO
ann
ounc
ed t
he e
ntry
into
for
ce o
f th
e Tr
ade
Faci
litat
ion
Agre
emen
t. Th
e m
ultil
ater
al
agre
emen
t is
aim
ed a
t ex
pedi
ting
the
mov
emen
t, re
leas
e an
d cl
eara
nce
of g
oods
by
sim
plify
ing
impo
rt an
d ex
port
proc
edur
es, c
usto
ms
form
aliti
es a
nd tr
ansi
t req
uire
men
ts. F
ull
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
agre
emen
t is
expe
cted
to tr
im tr
ade
cost
s an
d he
lp d
iver
sify
trad
e, w
ith
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
havi
ng th
e m
ost g
ain.
The
agr
eem
ent i
nclu
des
a sp
ecia
l fac
ility
mea
nt to
en
sure
that
dev
elop
ing
coun
tries
rece
ive
the
assi
stan
ce n
eede
d to
reap
the
full b
enefi
ts o
f the
tra
de p
act.
By e
nd-F
ebru
ary,
114
coun
tries
not
ified
acc
epta
nce
of th
e ag
reem
ent.
177
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Can
ada,
Vie
t Nam
, In
dia
Mar
chO
ilsee
dsTh
e G
over
nmen
t of C
anad
a re
itera
ted
its c
omm
itmen
t to
stre
ngth
en it
s ag
ricul
tura
l tie
s an
d de
epen
mut
ually
ben
efici
al t
rade
with
bot
h Vi
et N
am a
nd In
dia.
Dur
ing
a tra
de m
issi
on t
o th
e tw
o co
untri
es, g
over
nmen
t and
indu
stry
offi
cial
s pr
omot
ed C
anad
a’s
agri-
food
pro
duct
s,
incl
udin
g oi
lsee
ds. F
urth
erm
ore,
in In
dia,
sev
eral
Mem
oran
da o
f Und
erst
andi
ng h
ave
been
si
gned
bet
wee
n C
anad
ian
rape
seed
oil
dist
ribut
ors
and
Indi
an re
taile
rs.
178
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Chi
na, U
krai
neSe
ptem
ber
Sunfl
ower
seed
ca
keTh
e st
anda
rd s
ettin
g bo
dies
of C
hina
and
Ukr
aine
agr
eed
on a
san
itary
and
bio
safe
ty p
roto
col
that
will
gove
rn fu
ture
exp
orts
of U
krai
nian
sun
flow
erse
ed c
ake
to C
hina
.
179
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indi
a, G
hana
Mar
chO
ilsee
ds,
vege
atbl
e oi
lsIn
dian
gov
ernm
enta
l offi
cial
s re
affirm
ed th
eir c
ount
ry’s
com
mitm
ent t
o de
epen
trad
e re
latio
ns
with
Gha
na, m
entio
ning
, int
er a
lia, I
ndia
’s gr
owin
g de
man
d fo
r oils
eeds
and
veg
etab
le o
il fro
m
Gha
na.
180
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a, C
hina
June
Biod
iese
lAc
cord
ing
to m
edia
sou
rces
, rep
rese
ntat
ives
fro
m t
he t
wo
coun
tries
dis
cuss
ed a
bout
the
po
ssib
ility
of In
done
sia
supp
ortin
g C
hina
in it
s go
al to
rais
e do
mes
tic b
iodi
esel
con
sum
ptio
n.
Repo
rtedl
y, In
done
sia
is r
eady
to
coop
erat
e w
ith C
hina
, w
heth
er b
y su
pply
ing
finis
hed
biod
iese
l, cr
ude
palm
oil
(as
feed
stoc
k fo
r bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n), o
r the
tech
nolo
gy re
quire
d to
pro
duce
bio
dies
el. A
t the
sam
e tim
e, In
done
sia
also
invi
ted
Chi
na to
inve
st in
Indo
nesi
a’s
dow
nstre
am p
alm
oil
proc
essi
ng s
ecto
r. Ba
sed
on C
hina
’s 13
th F
ive-
Year
-Pla
n, d
omes
tic
biod
iese
l con
sum
ptio
n w
ould
clim
b to
2 m
illion
tonn
es b
y 20
20 –
from
toda
y’s le
vel o
f les
s th
an 0
.5 m
illion
tonn
es. I
n th
e ca
se o
f Ind
ones
ia, o
n th
e ot
her h
and,
the
biod
iese
l mar
ket i
s m
ore
mat
ure
and
the
indu
stry
is fa
ced
with
exc
ess
prod
uctio
n ca
paci
ty –
hen
ce th
e se
arch
fo
r new
exp
ort m
arke
ts.
181
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a, V
iet N
amJu
lyPa
lm o
il Re
cent
effo
rts to
pro
mot
e bu
sine
ss b
etw
een
Indo
nesi
a an
d Vi
et N
am a
re e
xpec
ted
to re
sult
in
incr
ease
d su
pplie
s of
Indo
nesi
an p
aper
and
pal
m o
il to
the
Viet
nam
ese
mar
ket,
acco
rdin
g to
lo
cal m
edia
repo
rting
on
rece
nt b
ilate
ral t
alks
.
34 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
182
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a, N
iger
iaJu
lyPa
lm o
ilAc
cord
ing
to o
ffici
al s
ourc
es,
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t re
pres
enta
tives
ini
tiate
d ta
lks
with
N
iger
ian
coun
terp
arts
to
revi
ve s
hipm
ents
of
Indo
nesi
an c
rude
pal
m o
il (C
PO) t
o N
iger
ia.
Repo
rtedl
y, C
PO tr
ade
betw
een
the
two
coun
tries
has
falle
n sh
arpl
y ov
er th
e la
st fe
w y
ears
, as
Nig
eria
intro
duce
d im
port
rest
rictio
ns to
pro
tect
its
fore
ign
exch
ange
mar
ket a
nd s
timul
ate
dom
estic
oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion.
183
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a, M
alay
sia
Augu
stPa
lm o
ilU
nder
the
fra
mew
ork
of C
POPC
, th
e C
ounc
il of
Pal
m O
il Pr
oduc
ing
Cou
ntrie
s se
t up
by
Mal
aysi
a an
d In
done
sia
to fo
ster
col
labo
ratio
n on
pal
m o
il, th
e tw
o fo
undi
ng c
ount
ries
have
ag
reed
to (i
) joi
ntly
exp
lore
the
poss
ibilit
y of
sup
plyi
ng C
hina
, Ind
ia a
nd o
ther
cou
ntrie
s w
ith
palm
oil
for t
heir
nasc
ent b
iodi
esel
indu
strie
s, a
nd (i
i) co
nduc
t joi
nt c
ampa
igns
in k
ey im
port
mar
kets
to p
ublic
ize p
alm
oil’s
env
ironm
enta
l cre
dent
ials
. Mor
eove
r, th
e C
POPC
Sec
reta
riat
was
task
ed to
invi
te o
ther
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ing
coun
tries
to jo
in th
e C
ounc
il.
184
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a, R
ussi
an
Fede
ratio
nAu
gust
Palm
oil,
cop
raG
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at a
pre
limin
ary
deal
to b
arte
r milit
ary
jets
for c
omm
oditi
es –
in
clud
ing
palm
oil
and
copr
a –
has
been
sig
ned
betw
een
an In
done
sian
and
a R
ussi
an s
tate
tra
ding
com
pany
. Det
ails
abo
ut th
e qu
antit
ies
of p
rodu
ce to
be
ship
ped
by In
done
sia
wer
e no
t mad
e av
aila
ble.
185
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Indo
nesi
a,
Uzb
ekis
tan
Sept
embe
rC
ocon
ut,
soyb
ean,
pal
m
oil
Indo
nesi
a an
d U
zbek
ista
n ag
reed
to e
nhan
ce b
ilate
ral c
oope
ratio
n in
agr
icul
ture
and
fish
erie
s.
With
rega
rd to
oilc
rops
, Ind
ones
ia v
iew
s U
zbek
ista
n as
a p
oten
tial e
xpor
t mar
ket f
or p
alm
oil
and
coco
nut,
whi
le U
zbek
ista
n is
inte
rest
ed in
Indo
nesi
a’s
expe
rienc
e in
soy
bean
cul
tivat
ion.
186
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Kaza
khst
an, C
hina
Mar
chSo
ybea
nsG
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s fro
m K
azak
hsta
n an
d C
hina
sig
ned
a pr
otoc
ol o
n ph
ytos
anita
ry
requ
irem
ents
for
incr
easi
ng th
e ex
porta
tion
of K
azak
h so
ybea
ns to
Chi
na (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Ja
n.&F
eb.’1
7). R
epor
tedl
y, al
l soy
bean
impo
rts fr
om K
azak
hsta
n w
ill be
cru
shed
in C
hina
.
187
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Keny
a, Z
ambi
a,
East
ern/
Sout
hern
Af
rica
Mar
chPa
lm o
il Du
ring
bila
tera
l tal
ks b
etw
een
the
two
coun
tries
, Ke
nyan
gov
ernm
ent
offici
als
stat
ed t
hat
Keny
an m
ilk a
nd p
alm
oil
prod
ucts
cou
ld n
ot a
cces
s th
e Za
mbi
an m
arke
t due
to d
iver
ging
st
anda
rds.
The
y ca
lled
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f com
mon
CO
MES
A st
anda
rds
to e
nabl
e tra
de
betw
een
mem
bers
of C
OM
ESA
(Com
mon
Mar
ket f
or E
aste
rn a
nd S
outh
ern
Afric
a).
188
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Mal
aysi
a, In
dia
May
Palm
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ents
of M
alay
sia
and
Indi
a si
gned
a M
emor
andu
m o
f Und
erst
andi
ng a
imed
at
help
ing
rais
e th
e pr
esen
ce o
f Mal
aysi
an p
alm
oil
in th
e In
dian
mar
ket.
The
MoU
pro
vide
s a
plat
form
for M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il re
late
d ag
enci
es to
exp
lore
– to
geth
er w
ith In
dian
rese
arch
in
stitu
tions
and
oth
er o
rgan
izatio
ns –
new
tra
its a
nd a
pplic
atio
ns o
f pa
lm o
il, s
peci
fical
ly
tailo
red
to I
ndia
’s fa
st g
row
ing
mar
ket.
The
use
of M
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il (M
alay
sian
Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il) w
ill al
so b
e pr
omot
ed u
nder
the
acco
rd.
189
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Mal
aysi
a,
Philip
pine
sJu
lyPa
lm o
il,
biod
iese
lM
alay
sia
is ta
rget
ing
a 50
per
cent
incr
ease
in it
s sh
ipm
ents
of p
alm
oil
and
palm
oil-
base
d pr
oduc
ts (i
nclu
ding
bio
dies
el) t
o th
e Ph
ilippi
nes
over
the
com
ing
thre
e ye
ars,
gov
ernm
ent
sour
ces
repo
rted.
Acc
ordi
ng to
bila
tera
l tal
ks, t
here
is ro
om fo
r Phi
lippi
ne’s
edib
le o
il im
ports
to
incr
ease
, con
side
ring
that
the
coun
try is
not
sel
f-suffi
cien
t in
edib
le v
eget
able
oil
and
that
de
man
d is
ste
adily
risi
ng. C
onsu
ltatio
ns a
lso
focu
sed
on p
ossi
bilit
ies
of c
olla
bora
tion
in th
e ar
ea o
f re
new
able
ene
rgy,
incl
udin
g bi
odie
sel.
In t
he P
hilip
pine
s, t
he p
lann
ed in
crea
se in
m
anda
tory
bio
dies
el b
lend
ing
(from
2 p
erce
nt to
5 p
erce
nt) h
as b
een
post
pone
d se
vera
l tim
es
due
to in
suffi
cien
t dom
estic
sup
plie
s of
coc
onut
oil,
the
coun
try’s
mai
n bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
. By
con
trast
, Mal
aysi
a re
porte
dly
has
ampl
e ca
paci
ty to
exp
ort e
ither
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l or
cru
de p
alm
oil
to b
e us
ed a
s bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 35
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
190
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Mal
aysi
a, G
hana
Nov
embe
rO
il pa
lmM
alay
sia’
s pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry is
set
to p
artn
er w
ith c
ompa
nies
in G
hana
’s pa
lm o
il se
ctor
to
stre
ngth
en t
he l
atte
r’s p
rodu
ctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
cap
aciti
es.
The
exch
ange
of
tech
nica
l an
d m
arke
ting
expe
rtise
is
expe
cted
to
bols
ter
Gha
naia
n pr
oduc
tion
for
both
dom
estic
co
nsum
ptio
n an
d ex
porta
tion
with
in W
est A
frica
.
191
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Mal
aysi
a, V
iet N
amN
ovem
ber
Oil
palm
Gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
from
Mal
aysi
a an
d Vi
et N
am a
gree
d to
exp
lore
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
incr
ease
st
rate
gic
colla
bora
tion
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
heir
resp
ectiv
e pl
anta
tion
indu
strie
s, p
artic
ular
ly
conc
erni
ng o
il pa
lm, r
ubbe
r and
pep
per.
192
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Nig
eria
, Ind
ones
iaJu
nePa
lm o
ilIn
line
with
on-
goin
g eff
orts
to p
rom
ote
econ
omic
coo
pera
tion
and
bila
tera
l tra
de b
etw
een
Nig
eria
and
Indo
nesi
a, g
over
nmen
t rep
rese
ntat
ive
from
bot
h si
des
agre
ed to
col
labo
rate
in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f Nig
eria
’s pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry. N
iger
ia w
as a
lso
invi
ted
to jo
in th
e C
ounc
il of
Pa
lm O
il Pr
oduc
ing
Cou
ntrie
s (C
POPC
). Th
e C
ounc
il w
as e
stab
lishe
d re
cent
ly b
y In
done
sia
and
Mal
aysi
a, in
a b
id to
pro
mot
e pr
ice
stab
ilizat
ion
and
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil
prod
uctio
n.
193
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Philip
pine
s,
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Oil
palm
G
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s of
the
two
coun
tries
dis
cuss
ed th
e po
ssib
ility
of s
ettin
g up
join
t ven
ture
s fo
r oil p
alm
pla
ntat
ions
in th
e Ph
ilippi
nes
to c
ater
to th
e co
untry
’s ris
ing
dem
and
for v
eget
able
oi
l for
bot
h fo
od a
nd in
dust
rial u
ses.
Rep
orte
dly,
in th
e lo
ng te
rm, t
he jo
int d
evel
opm
ent o
f up
to 8
0 00
0 he
ctar
es o
f oil
palm
pla
ntat
ions
wou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
.
194
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n,
Chi
naM
arch
Soyb
ean,
fla
xsee
d,
sunfl
ower
oil
Base
d on
the
ter
ms
of a
long
-term
con
tract
bet
wee
n th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
and
Chi
na,
ship
men
ts o
f Rus
sian
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s to
Chi
na a
re s
et to
incr
ease
, loc
al n
ews
agen
cies
in
form
ed. R
epor
tedl
y, in
201
8, th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
is p
lann
ing
to e
xpor
t 1.5
milli
on to
nnes
of
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s –
incl
udin
g so
ybea
ns, b
arle
y, fla
x se
ed a
nd s
unflo
wer
oil
– to
Chi
na.
195
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Ukr
aine
, Ira
n (Is
lam
ic R
epub
lic o
f) M
arch
Oils
eeds
, ve
geta
ble
oils
Acco
rdin
g to
Ukr
aini
an g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, U
krai
ne p
lans
to s
igni
fican
tly in
crea
se it
s tra
de
in fo
od a
nd a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
with
Iran
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
two
side
s ag
reed
that
the
trade
po
tent
ial b
etw
een
the
coun
tries
is n
ot fu
lly ta
pped
. Pro
duct
s fo
r w
hich
Ukr
aine
inte
nds
to
expa
nd it
s sh
ipm
ents
to Ir
an in
clud
e oi
lsee
ds a
nd v
eget
able
oils
.
196
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
t-spe
cific
bi
late
ral i
nitia
tives
Ukr
aine
, Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Sunfl
ower
mea
lLa
st S
epte
mbe
r, U
krai
ne a
nd C
hina
sig
ned
a pr
otoc
ol o
n st
orag
e, p
acka
ging
, la
belin
g,
quar
antin
e an
d sa
nita
ry/p
hyto
sani
tary
requ
irem
ents
for i
mpo
rting
Ukr
aini
an s
unflo
wer
mea
l in
to C
hina
. Add
ing
Chi
na to
its
list o
f buy
ers
is e
xpec
ted
to ra
ise
Ukr
aine
’s ex
ports
to A
sia,
bo
th th
roug
h di
rect
sal
es to
Chi
na a
nd li
kely
re-e
xpor
ts to
oth
er c
ount
ries
in th
e re
gion
.
197
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
May
Hyd
roge
nate
d oi
lsC
anad
a’s
Hea
lth M
inis
try c
onfir
med
its
plan
to
proh
ibit
the
use
of p
artia
lly h
ydro
gena
ted
oils
(PH
Os)
– a
key
sou
rce
of h
arm
ful t
rans
fats
in fo
od p
rodu
cts
– by
sum
mer
201
8 (s
ee
MPP
U D
ec.’1
6). C
anad
a’s
initi
ativ
e al
igns
with
glo
bal e
fforts
tow
ard
the
elim
inat
ion
of P
HO
s in
food
s. A
ccor
ding
to th
e m
inis
try, m
aint
aini
ng th
e cu
rrent
vol
unta
ry a
ppro
ach
(see
MPP
U
Sep.
’11
& Ju
ly’16
) wou
ld b
e in
suffi
cien
t to
achi
eve
the
obje
ctiv
e of
redu
cing
the
popu
latio
n’s
trans
fat i
ntak
e to
the
low
est l
evel
pos
sibl
e. T
he m
inis
try a
lso
inte
nds
to p
rovi
de s
take
hold
ers
with
info
rmat
ion
on m
ore
heal
thfu
l alte
rnat
ives
to
PHO
s, p
refe
rabl
y un
satu
rate
d fa
ts. A
s a
disi
ncen
tive
for t
he in
dust
ry to
repl
ace
PHO
s w
ith s
atur
ated
fats
, the
min
istry
pro
pose
d to
in
clud
e fro
nt-o
f-pac
k w
arni
ngs
on p
rodu
cts
that
are
hig
h in
sat
urat
ed fa
ts.
36 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
198
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
Sept
embe
rTr
ans
fatty
aci
dFo
llow
ing
up o
n a
prop
osal
issu
ed la
st y
ear (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
6), t
he G
over
nmen
t of C
anad
a is
now
set
to p
erm
anen
tly b
an p
artia
lly h
ydro
gena
ted
oils
– th
e m
ain
sour
ce o
f ind
ustri
ally
pr
oduc
ed tr
ans
fatty
aci
ds (o
r tra
ns fa
ts).
The
ban
will
appl
y to
all
food
s so
ld in
the
coun
try,
incl
udin
g im
porte
d pr
oduc
ts a
nd fo
ods
prep
ared
and
ser
ved
in re
stau
rant
s. B
y re
duci
ng tr
ans
fats
in th
e fo
od s
uppl
y ch
ain
to th
e lo
wes
t lev
el p
ossi
ble,
the
Gov
ernm
ent i
nten
ds to
redu
ce
Can
adia
ns’ r
isk
of h
eart
dise
ases
. In
orde
r to
allo
w th
e fo
od in
dust
ry s
uffici
ent t
ime
to fi
nd
suita
ble
alte
rnat
ives
, the
ban
will
only
com
e in
to f
orce
in S
epte
mbe
r 20
18. H
ydro
gena
ted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls a
re w
idel
y us
ed in
the
pro
duct
ion
of p
astri
es, b
aked
goo
ds a
nd p
acka
ged
good
s to
ext
end
shel
f life
. Can
ada’
s ba
n is
con
sist
ent w
ith g
loba
l effo
rts to
elim
inat
e ar
tifici
al
trans
fats
in fo
ods,
incl
udin
g th
ose
take
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
).
199
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Chi
naM
ayEd
ible
mea
lsC
hina
’s N
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Fam
ily P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
con
firm
ed th
at a
new
safe
ty st
anda
rd
for f
ood
proc
essi
ng m
eals
will
com
e in
to fo
rce
on 2
3 Ju
ne 2
017
(see
also
MPP
U N
ov.’1
5). A
s th
e st
anda
rd o
nly
appl
ies
to e
dibl
e m
eals
for f
ood
proc
essi
ng, i
t doe
s no
t con
cern
rape
seed
an
d co
ttons
eed
mea
l.
200
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Chi
naDe
cem
ber
Soyb
ean
Chi
na’s
food
sta
ndar
ds a
utho
ritie
s re
leas
ed a
new
cod
e of
hyg
ieni
c pr
actic
e fo
r th
e pr
oces
sing
of g
rain
s, in
clud
ing
soyb
eans
. The
new
sta
ndar
d co
ncer
ns s
tora
ge a
nd tr
ansp
ort
of u
npro
cess
ed g
rain
s an
d co
mpr
ises
det
aile
d hy
gien
ic r
equi
rem
ents
and
pro
visi
ons
for
safe
ty c
ontro
l pro
cedu
res.
201
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Euro
pean
Uni
onM
arch
Oliv
e oi
lFo
llow
ing
the
adop
tion
by th
e Eu
rope
an P
arlia
men
t on
15 M
arch
201
7, n
ew, m
ore
strin
gent
re
gula
tions
on
food
saf
ety
and
insp
ectio
n ar
e se
t to
com
e in
to fo
rce
in A
pril,
requ
iring
EU
m
embe
r sta
tes
to a
pply
the
new
rule
s by
202
0. T
he m
ain
obje
ctiv
e of
the
new
regu
latio
ns
is t
o ta
ckle
fra
udul
ent
prac
tices
in t
he f
ood
indu
stry
acr
oss
the
EU.
Sect
ors
expe
cted
to
bene
fit fr
om th
e ne
w ru
les
incl
ude
the
oliv
e oi
l sec
tor,
whe
re s
ever
al c
ases
of f
raud
hav
e be
en
unco
vere
d in
rece
nt y
ears
. Typ
ical
ly, lo
w-q
ualit
y ol
ive
pom
ace
oils
wer
e so
ld a
nd e
xpor
ted
as e
xtra
virg
in o
live
oil,
and
oliv
es s
ourc
ed fr
om a
noth
er c
ount
ry w
ere
proc
esse
d an
d so
ld a
s in
dige
nous
oliv
e oi
l.
202
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Gre
ece
Dece
mbe
rO
live
oil
From
Jan
uary
201
8, G
reec
e’s
rest
aura
nt a
nd h
ospi
talit
y se
ctor
will
be re
quire
d to
ser
ve o
live
oil o
nly i
n its
orig
inal
pac
kagi
ng, id
entif
ying
the
bran
d. T
he m
easu
re is
mea
nt to
pre
vent
refil
ling
of o
ld b
ottle
s w
ith lo
wer
gra
de o
live
oil,
thus
pro
mot
ing
qual
ity a
nd p
rote
ctin
g co
nsum
ers
from
frau
d. W
hile
com
para
ble
regu
latio
ns a
re in
pla
ce in
Ital
y, Po
rtuga
l and
Spa
in, e
fforts
to
intro
duce
EU
-wid
e le
gisl
atio
n to
this
effe
ct w
ere
susp
ende
d ba
ck in
201
3 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e ’1
3).
203
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aFe
brua
ryTr
ans
fatty
aci
dTh
e G
over
nmen
t of
Ind
ia s
et 2
7 Fe
brua
ry 2
017
as t
he e
nfor
cem
ent
date
for
bot
h, t
he
man
dato
ry d
ecla
ratio
n of
tran
s fa
t and
sat
urat
ed fa
t con
tent
on
food
pro
duct
labe
ls a
nd th
e 5
perc
ent l
imit
for t
rans
fatty
aci
d co
nten
t (by
wei
ght)
in fa
ts, o
ils a
nd fa
t em
ulsi
ons
(see
also
M
PPU
Sep
.’15
& Se
p.’1
6).
204
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aM
arch
Edib
le o
ilTh
e Fo
od A
utho
rity
of P
unja
b St
ate
star
ted
colle
ctin
g an
d te
stin
g sa
mpl
es o
f nu
mer
ous
bran
ds o
f edi
ble
oil/g
hee
sold
in lo
cal m
arke
ts. R
epor
tedl
y, al
l sub
-sta
ndar
d an
d ad
ulte
rate
d oi
l pro
duct
s w
ill be
ban
ned
from
the
mar
ket.
(On
past
inst
ance
s of
veg
etab
le o
il ad
ulte
ratio
n se
e M
PPU
Jul
y’16
.)
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 37
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
205
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aM
arch
Tran
s fa
t, sa
tura
ted
fat
Indi
a’s
Fede
ral
Food
Saf
ety
and
Stan
dard
s Au
thor
ity p
ostp
oned
to
30 J
une
2017
the
co
mpl
ianc
e da
te fo
r m
anda
tory
dec
lara
tion
of t
rans
fat
and
satu
rate
d fa
t co
nten
t on
food
pr
oduc
t la
bels
. The
com
plia
nce
date
(orig
inal
ly s
et a
t 25
May
201
6) h
as b
een
post
pone
d tw
ice
befo
re. T
he d
efer
men
t is
mea
nt to
allo
w m
anuf
actu
rers
to u
tilize
the
exis
ting
stoc
k of
th
eir p
acka
ging
mat
eria
ls. C
onve
rsel
y, en
try in
to fo
rce
of th
e 5
perc
ent l
imit
for t
rans
fatty
aci
d co
nten
t (by
wei
ght)
in fa
ts, o
ils a
nd fa
t em
ulsi
ons
rem
ains
effe
ctiv
e 28
Feb
ruar
y 20
17.
206
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
lyEd
ible
veg
etab
le
oils
Indi
a’s
Food
Sta
ndar
ds a
nd S
afet
y Au
thor
ity (F
SSAI
) inv
ited
publ
ic c
omm
ents
on
a se
t of
re
gula
tory
am
endm
ents
con
cern
ing
(i) t
he r
emov
al o
f th
e Bo
udou
in t
est
requ
irem
ent
for
blen
ded
edib
le v
eget
able
oils
, and
(ii) p
rovi
sion
s re
gula
ting
the
sale
of h
ydro
gena
ted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls/fa
ts.
207
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
lyO
ils/fa
tsIn
dia’
s Fo
od S
afet
y an
d St
anda
rds
Auth
ority
(FSS
AI) i
nfor
med
that
revi
sed
stan
dard
s fo
r oils
an
d fa
ts w
ould
com
e in
to fo
rce
on 1
Jul
y 20
17. T
he a
men
ded
stan
dard
s in
clud
e a
rede
finiti
on
of in
ter-e
ster
ified
veg
etab
le fa
t and
regu
late
s th
e us
age
of fo
od g
rade
enz
ymes
in o
il re
finin
g pr
oces
ses.
208
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
lyTr
ans
fat,
satu
rate
d fa
tFS
SAI a
nnou
nced
a fu
rther
pos
tpon
emen
t in
the
com
plia
nce
date
for m
anda
tory
dec
lara
tion
of t
rans
fat
and
sat
urat
ed f
at c
onte
nt o
n fo
od p
rodu
ct l
abel
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Apr
.’16)
. Re
porte
dly,
the
new
com
plia
nce
date
will
be 3
0 Se
ptem
ber 2
017
and
no fu
rther
ext
ensi
ons
will
be g
rant
ed. T
he a
dditi
onal
def
erra
l is
mea
nt t
o al
low
man
ufac
ture
rs t
o ut
ilize
exis
ting
stoc
ks o
f pac
kagi
ng m
ater
ial.
209
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Tran
s fa
t, sa
tura
ted
fat
Indi
a’s
Food
Saf
ety
and
Stan
dard
s Au
thor
ity a
nnou
nced
a f
urth
er p
ostp
onem
ent
in t
he
com
plia
nce
date
for
man
dato
ry d
ecla
ratio
n of
tra
ns fa
t an
d sa
tura
ted
fat
cont
ent
on fo
od
prod
uct
labe
ls (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’17)
. Th
e ne
w c
ompl
ianc
e da
te w
ill be
31
Dece
mbe
r 20
17. T
he a
dditi
onal
def
erra
l was
gra
nted
to a
llow
man
ufac
ture
rs to
util
ize e
xist
ing
stoc
ks o
f pa
ckag
ing
mat
eria
l.
210
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Mya
nmar
Mar
chVe
geta
ble
oil
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mya
nmar
pla
ns to
take
act
ion
agai
nst
illega
l veg
etab
le o
il im
ports
and
frau
dule
nt s
ales
of c
ooki
ng o
ils in
the
coun
try. R
epor
tedl
y, so
me
bran
ds o
f gro
undn
ut a
nd s
esam
e oi
l sol
d on
the
dom
estic
mar
ket w
ere
foun
d to
act
ually
co
ntai
n a
mix
ture
of d
iffer
ent u
nide
ntifi
ed o
ils p
lus
artifi
cial
frag
ranc
e.
211
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Peru
Nov
embe
rTr
ans
fatty
aci
d,
satu
rate
d fa
tAs
par
t of e
fforts
to p
rom
ote
a he
alth
y di
et, P
eru’
s H
ealth
Min
istry
rele
ased
a m
anua
l with
de
taile
d sp
ecifi
catio
ns fo
r the
incl
usio
n of
war
ning
s on
food
pro
duct
labe
ls w
hen
the
satu
rate
d fa
t, tra
ns fa
t, sa
lt or
sug
ar c
onte
nt e
xcee
ds s
peci
fic th
resh
olds
. The
man
ual h
as b
een
notifi
ed
to th
e W
orld
Tra
de O
rgan
izatio
n fo
r mem
ber c
ount
ry c
omm
ents
.
212
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Thai
land
Dece
mbe
rTr
ans
fatty
aci
dW
ith a
view
to re
duce
con
sum
ers’
risk
of h
eart
dise
ase,
the
Thai
Foo
d an
d Dr
ug A
dmin
istra
tion
draf
ted
a ne
w re
quire
men
t tha
t wou
ld b
an th
e us
e of
par
tially
hyd
roge
nate
d oi
ls in
food
s. T
he
prop
osed
ban
is c
onsi
sten
t with
glo
bal e
fforts
to e
limin
ate
indu
stria
lly p
rodu
ced
trans
fats
fro
m fo
ods,
with
com
plet
e ba
ns s
et to
com
e in
to fo
rce
durin
g 20
18 in
Can
ada
and
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
& O
ct.’1
7).
213
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Turk
eyN
ovem
ber
Vege
tabl
e oi
lTu
rkey
’s M
inis
try o
f Foo
d, A
gric
ultu
re a
nd L
ives
tock
pos
tpon
ed –
for t
he s
even
th ti
me
– th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of it
s Pr
oduc
t Ver
ifica
tion
Mon
itorin
g Sy
stem
(PVS
M),
amid
indu
stry
con
cern
s ab
out c
ost a
nd fo
od s
afet
y is
sues
aris
ing
from
man
dato
ry p
rodu
ct v
erifi
catio
n an
d la
bellin
g.
The
new
sch
emes
’ mai
n ob
ject
ive
is to
elim
inat
e ad
ulte
rate
d fo
ods,
imita
tions
and
frau
d in
six
fo
od c
ateg
orie
s, in
clud
ing
vege
tabl
e oi
l.
38 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
214
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esAu
gust
Soyb
ean
oil
Resp
ondi
ng to
a p
etiti
on fi
led
by a
larg
e ag
ribus
ines
s an
d fo
od c
ompa
ny, t
he U
.S. F
ood
and
Drug
Adm
inis
tratio
n de
cide
d to
allo
w fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
and
rest
aura
nts
to m
ake
qual
ified
he
alth
cla
ims
linki
ng s
oybe
an o
il to
a re
duce
d ris
k of
cor
onar
y he
art d
isea
se. T
he d
ecis
ion
is
base
d on
‘sup
porti
ve b
ut n
ot c
oncl
usiv
e ev
iden
ce’ t
hat e
atin
g so
ybea
n oi
l – w
hich
con
tain
s un
satu
rate
d fa
tty a
cids
– m
ay p
rovi
de h
eart
heal
th b
enefi
ts, p
rovi
ded
soyb
ean
oil is
to re
plac
e (o
r not
to in
crea
se) s
atur
ated
fat i
ntak
e an
d do
es n
ot ra
ise
daily
cal
oric
inta
ke.
215
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Soyb
ean
prot
ein
The
U.S
. Foo
d an
d Dr
ug A
dmin
istra
tion
prop
osed
to re
voke
an
auth
orize
d he
alth
cla
im th
at
links
soy
pro
tein
con
sum
ptio
n to
red
uced
ris
k of
hea
rt di
seas
e, c
iting
inco
nsis
tent
res
ults
fro
m re
sear
ch c
ondu
cted
sin
ce th
e cl
aim
was
aut
horiz
ed in
199
9. C
ompa
nies
cur
rent
ly u
sing
th
e he
alth
cla
im o
n fo
od p
rodu
ct la
bels
may
con
tinue
to d
o so
unt
il th
e ag
ency
take
s a
final
de
cisi
on.
216
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
Tran
s fa
tty a
cid
A st
udy
unde
rtake
n by
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es D
epar
tmen
t of
Agr
icul
ture
, as
sess
ed p
rodu
ct
turn
over
in th
e U
.S. f
ood
indu
stry
and
look
ed in
to im
plic
atio
ns fo
r nut
rient
con
tent
– fo
cusi
ng
on th
ree
heal
th-re
leva
nt in
gred
ient
s: s
alt,
suga
r and
fat.
Upo
n ex
amin
ing
prod
uct e
ntrie
s an
d ex
its in
hig
h-tu
rnov
er fo
od c
ateg
orie
s (i.
e. b
reak
fast
cer
eals
, yog
urts
, sna
cks
and
refri
gera
ted/
froze
n m
eals
), it
emer
ged
that
, ove
r the
200
8–20
12 p
erio
d, s
ugar
con
tent
has
eith
er fa
llen
or
rem
aine
d un
chan
ged
in a
ll fiv
e ca
tego
ries,
whi
le s
odiu
m c
onte
nt w
as g
radu
ally
redu
ced
in
four
cat
egor
ies.
By
cont
rast
, sat
urat
ed fa
t con
tent
has
incr
ease
d by
sta
tistic
ally
sig
nific
ant
amou
nts
in t
he f
our
food
cat
egor
ies
that
con
tain
fat
in m
eani
ngfu
l qua
ntiti
es. R
epor
tedl
y, th
ese
cont
radi
ctor
y tre
nds
supp
ort t
he c
onte
ntio
n th
at p
olic
ies
focu
sing
on
redu
cing
a s
ingl
e nu
trien
t (su
ch a
s sa
lt) m
ay n
ot le
ad to
ove
rall
heal
thie
r pro
duct
s as
food
man
ufac
ture
rs m
ay
com
pens
ate
for d
eter
iora
tion
in ta
ste
by in
crea
sing
leve
ls o
f oth
er n
utrie
nts
(suc
h as
fat).
As
for
trans
fatty
aci
ds, t
he s
tudy
sug
gest
s th
at n
ew fe
dera
l lab
ellin
g re
gula
tions
and
die
tary
gu
idel
ines
hav
e eff
ectiv
ely
redu
ced
the
trans
fat
con
tent
of
US
food
pro
duct
s. C
laim
s by
so
me
rese
arch
ers
that
tran
s fa
ts h
ave
for t
he m
ost p
art b
een
repl
aced
by
satu
rate
d fa
ts a
re
not c
orro
bora
ted
by th
e st
udy.
217
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Glo
bal
July
Fish
oil,
ve
geta
ble
oils
, an
imal
fat
The W
TO/F
AO C
odex
Alim
enta
rius C
omm
issi
on is
sued
its fir
st st
anda
rd fo
r fish
oil.
The
det
aile
d st
anda
rd, w
hich
app
lies
to fi
sh o
il in
tend
ed fo
r hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion,
incl
udes
pro
visi
ons
for
diffe
rent
iatin
g ce
rtain
wild
orig
in fi
sh o
ils fr
om t
heir
farm
ed c
ount
erpa
rts. T
he C
omm
issi
on
com
mitt
ed to
mon
itorin
g th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
the
new
sta
ndar
d w
ith re
spec
t to
oil a
uthe
ntic
ity
and
trace
abilit
y (in
par
ticul
ar re
gard
ing
fatty
aci
d pr
ofile
s) a
nd to
impl
icat
ions
for t
rade
. The
C
omm
issi
on a
lso
delib
erat
ed o
n m
odifi
catio
ns t
o a
num
ber
of e
xist
ing
or d
raft
stan
dard
s co
ncer
ning
oilc
rops
and
der
ived
pro
duct
s, v
iz.:
the
stan
dard
for o
live
oils
and
oliv
e po
mac
e oi
ls;
the
stan
dard
for f
at s
prea
ds a
nd b
lend
ed s
prea
ds;
the
stan
dard
s fo
r bot
h na
med
and
un
spec
ified
veg
etab
le o
ils (c
once
rnin
g, s
peci
fical
ly, g
roun
dnut
oil,
ric
e br
ain
oil,
high
-ole
ic
palm
oil,
virg
in p
alm
oil,
cru
de p
alm
kern
el o
il, s
unflo
wer
seed
oil,
flax
seed
oil
and
sele
cted
fru
it/tre
enut
oils
); th
e As
ian
stan
dard
s fo
r tem
pe a
nd n
on-fe
rmen
ted
soyb
ean
prod
ucts
; an
d th
e Af
rican
sta
ndar
d fo
r unr
efine
d sh
ea b
utte
r.
218
FEED
STA
NDA
RDS
Can
ada
May
Cam
elin
a oi
lC
anad
a’s F
ood
Insp
ectio
n Ag
ency
(CFI
A) ap
prov
ed th
e use
of m
echa
nica
lly ex
tract
ed ca
mel
ina
oil a
s a
feed
ingr
edie
nt fo
r far
med
fish
. Cam
elin
a oi
l is v
iew
ed a
s a
cost
-effe
ctiv
e re
plac
emen
t of
wild
-sou
rced
fish
oils
in a
quac
ultu
re fe
ed. T
he a
ppro
val p
aves
the
way
for c
amel
ina
sativ
a to
ser
ve a
s a
new
rot
atio
n op
tion
for
pota
to fa
rmer
s in
Mar
itim
e C
anad
a. In
rec
ent
year
s,
cam
elin
a sa
tiva
star
ted
attra
ctin
g in
tere
st in
the
EU, t
he U
nite
d St
ates
and
Can
ada
due
to th
e su
itabi
lity
of it
s oi
l for
a v
arie
ty o
f use
s, in
clud
ing
as fe
edst
ock
in th
e pr
oduc
tion
of ro
ad a
nd
avia
tion
biof
uel (
see
also
MPP
U A
pr.’1
3, F
eb.’1
4, F
eb.’1
5, F
eb./J
une’
16 &
Feb
.’17)
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 39
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
219
FEED
STA
NDA
RDS
Japa
n M
ayO
ilmea
lsTh
e Ja
pane
se G
over
nmen
t cle
ared
a p
ropo
sal t
o pe
rmit
mix
ing
sele
cted
oilm
eals
with
feed
m
aize
in th
e pr
oduc
tion
of c
ompo
und
feed
. In
the
past
, mai
ze c
ould
onl
y be
mix
ed w
ith a
nim
al
prot
ein
such
as
fishm
eal.
220
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SAr
gent
ina
Nov
embe
rSo
ybea
nsAr
gent
ina’
s Ag
ricul
tura
l Min
istry
has
app
rove
d th
e us
e of
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
soy
bean
see
d ‘S
YN-0
00H
2-5’
. The
new
var
iety
is re
sist
ant t
o he
rbic
ides
oth
er th
an g
lyph
osat
e –
a ke
y tra
it,
cons
ider
ing
grow
ing
resi
stan
ce o
f wee
ds a
gain
st g
lyph
osat
e.
221
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SAu
stra
liaJu
neRa
pese
edIn
the
Parli
amen
t of W
est A
ustra
lia, a
pet
ition
was
file
d ca
lling
on th
e St
ate
Gov
ernm
ent t
o co
mpe
nsat
e fa
rmer
s w
hen
GM
-rap
esee
d co
ntam
inat
ion
caus
es th
em to
lose
thei
r GM
-free
or
org
anic
cer
tifica
tion.
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e m
otio
n, G
M c
onta
min
atio
n ca
n cr
eate
sig
nific
ant
econ
omic
loss
es o
r ext
ra c
osts
, bec
ause
GM
-rap
esee
d or
rape
seed
tain
ted
with
GM
mat
eria
l co
mm
and
low
er p
rices
per
tonn
e on
wor
ld m
arke
ts. A
lthou
gh c
ultiv
atio
n of
GM
-rap
esee
d ha
s be
en a
llow
ed in
thre
e Au
stra
lian
Stat
es (c
ompr
isin
g W
est A
ustra
lia),
the
coun
try re
mai
ns th
e w
orld
’s le
adin
g su
pplie
r of G
M-fr
ee ra
pese
ed –
incl
udin
g to
the
lucr
ativ
e EU
mar
ket (
see
also
M
PPU
Jun
e’14
, Nov
.’15
& Se
p.’1
6).
222
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
anad
aM
ayG
M fo
odTh
e C
anad
ian
Parli
amen
t vot
ed a
gain
st a
priv
ate
mem
ber’s
bill
callin
g fo
r man
dato
ry la
bellin
g of
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
foo
ds.
The
deba
te in
Can
ada
follo
ws
last
yea
r’s p
assa
ge,
in t
he
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
of a
bill
intro
duci
ng m
anda
tory
GM
-labe
lling
over
a t
hree
-yea
r pe
riod
(see
M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
.
223
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
Janu
ary
Soyb
ean
Chi
na h
as g
rant
ed im
port
appr
oval
for B
alan
ce G
T, a
new
soy
bean
var
iety
cha
ract
erize
d by
to
lera
nce
to b
oth
glyp
hosa
te a
nd is
oxafl
utol
e-ba
sed
herb
icid
es. C
hina
’s ap
prov
al fo
llow
s th
e im
port
auth
oriza
tions
pro
vide
d by
Can
ada,
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(see
al
so M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
. How
ever
, Bal
ance
GT
will
not b
e co
mm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e un
til B
alan
ce
Bean
, the
her
bici
de s
peci
fical
ly d
evel
oped
for u
se o
n th
e ne
w s
oybe
an v
arie
ty, h
as re
ceiv
ed
the
requ
ired
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
val b
y th
e U
nite
d St
ates
Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy.
224
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
May
Soyb
ean
As p
art o
f rec
ent t
rade
neg
otia
tions
bet
wee
n C
hina
and
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
hina
agr
eed
to
acce
lera
te t
he e
valu
atio
n of
eig
ht U
S-de
velo
ped
gene
tical
ly m
odifi
ed c
rops
, inc
ludi
ng t
wo
soyb
ean
varie
ties.
Pen
ding
the
Chi
nese
aut
horit
ies’
impo
rt ap
prov
al,
the
conc
erne
d se
ed
com
pani
es o
pted
to d
elay
the
new
var
ietie
s’ c
omm
erci
al re
leas
e.
225
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
June
GM
cro
psC
hina
’s M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
rene
wed
impo
rt ap
prov
als
for 1
4 G
MO
cro
ps a
nd a
ppro
ved
two
new
GM
O c
rops
, as
the
coun
try a
ccel
erat
ed it
s ev
alua
tion
of G
M-p
rodu
cts
unde
r bro
ader
eff
orts
to p
rom
ote
econ
omic
and
trad
e tie
s w
ith th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(see
MPP
U J
une’
17).
In
Chi
na, t
he p
lant
ing
of G
M fo
od c
rops
rem
ains
pro
hibi
ted,
but
GM
O im
ports
are
allo
wed
for
use
in th
e co
untry
’s an
imal
feed
indu
stry
. The
rece
nt a
ppro
vals
, whi
ch a
re v
alid
for a
thre
e-ye
ar
perio
d la
stin
g un
til 2
020,
incl
ude
thre
e da
ted
rape
seed
var
ietie
s, fo
ur d
ated
soy
bean
var
ietie
s an
d on
e ne
w s
oybe
an v
arie
ty (
Mon
sant
o’s
“Vis
tive
Gol
d”).
Anot
her
new,
US-
deve
lope
d so
ybea
n va
riety
, Dow
Agro
Scie
nces
’ “En
list”
, is
still
awai
ting
appr
oval
.
226
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Dece
mbe
rO
ilsee
dsTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on a
utho
rized
five
new
GM
oils
eed
varie
ties
for
food
/feed
use
, co
mpr
isin
g fo
ur s
oybe
an a
nd o
ne r
apes
eed
varie
ties.
The
aut
horiz
atio
ns,
whi
ch e
xclu
de
culti
vatio
n, w
ill be
val
id fo
r 10
year
s. A
ll pr
oduc
ts d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e G
MO
s w
ill be
sub
ject
to
the
bloc
’s la
bellin
g an
d tra
ceab
ility
rule
s.
40 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
227
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SIn
dia
May
Mus
tard
see
dTh
e G
enet
ic E
ngin
eerin
g Ap
prov
al C
omm
ittee
(GEA
C) o
f Ind
ia’s
Envi
ronm
ent M
inis
try b
acke
d th
e co
mm
erci
al u
se o
f an
indi
geno
usly
dev
elop
ed G
M m
usta
rd s
eed.
Las
t yea
r, G
EAC
alre
ady
prov
ided
its
tech
nica
l cle
aran
ce, f
ollo
win
g fa
vour
able
cro
p tri
als
and
safe
ty te
sts
(see
MPP
U
Sep.
’16)
. Pen
ding
the
final
app
rova
l by
the
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t, th
e pr
oduc
t cou
ld b
ecom
e th
e co
untry
’s fir
st G
M fo
od c
rop
clea
red
for c
omm
erci
al p
rodu
ctio
n (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Mar
.’15)
.
228
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SIn
dia
Sept
embe
rO
ilsee
ds,
mus
tard
see
dIn
dian
min
istry
offi
cial
s in
form
ed t
hat
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
fina
l dec
isio
n w
ith r
espe
ct t
o th
e co
mm
erci
al r
elea
se o
f G
M o
ilsee
ds –
not
ably
of
a lo
cally
dev
elop
ed m
usta
rdse
ed v
arie
ty
– re
mai
ned
pend
ing
(see
also
MPP
U S
ep.’1
6). R
epor
tedl
y, th
e G
over
nmen
t re
quire
s m
ore
time
to e
xam
ine
vario
us e
xper
t st
udie
s, in
clud
ing
(i) n
ew in
form
atio
n su
bmitt
ed b
y G
EAC
, th
e m
inis
teria
l Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
Appr
aisa
l Com
mitt
ee,
and
(ii) a
rep
ort
prep
ared
by
a pa
rliam
enta
ry c
omm
ittee
, whi
ch fl
agge
d al
lege
d ga
ps in
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
eva
luat
ion
proc
ess.
In
the
mea
ntim
e, a
not
e re
leas
ed b
y In
dia’
s N
atio
nal
Acad
emy
of A
gric
ultu
ral
Scie
nces
un
derli
ned
the
impo
rtanc
e of
GM
oils
eed
varie
ties
for p
rodu
ctio
n an
d fa
rm in
com
e gr
owth
in
the
coun
try.
229
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SM
exic
oJa
nuar
yG
M c
rops
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mex
ico
invi
ted
publ
ic c
omm
ents
on
a pl
an to
intro
duce
new
ass
essm
ent
crite
ria g
over
ning
the
expe
rimen
tal r
elea
se o
f GM
Os,
suc
h as
mai
ze, s
oybe
ans
and
othe
r GM
cr
ops
or a
nim
als.
230
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SM
exic
oN
ovem
ber
Soyb
ean
Mex
ico’
s phy
tosa
nita
ry ag
ency
(SEN
ASIC
A) d
ecid
ed to
revo
ke th
e per
mis
sion
to co
mm
erci
alize
ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
soy
bean
see
d ‘M
ON
-043
2-6’
, fol
low
ing
the
varie
ty’s
dete
ctio
n in
are
as
whe
re it
s cu
ltiva
tion
was
not
per
mitt
ed.
231
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
STu
rkey
Augu
stSo
ybea
n Tu
rkey
’s Bi
osaf
ety
Boar
d ha
s ap
prov
ed th
e im
porta
tion
of th
ree
gene
tical
ly m
odifi
ed s
oybe
an
varie
ties
and
thei
r pro
duct
s fo
r fee
d us
e, ra
isin
g th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of a
ppro
ved
GM
soy
eve
nts
to te
n. F
or a
noth
er tw
o G
M v
arie
ties
appr
oval
rem
ains
pen
ding
.
232
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Janu
ary
GM
cro
psU
SDA’
s An
imal
Pla
nt H
ealth
Insp
ectio
n Se
rvic
e (A
PHIS
) pro
pose
d to
rev
ise
its r
egul
atio
ns
rega
rdin
g th
e im
porta
tion,
int
erst
ate
mov
emen
t an
d en
viro
nmen
tal
rele
ase
of G
MO
s.
The
prop
osed
revi
sion
s ar
e m
eant
to (i
) refl
ect a
dvan
ces
in g
enet
ic e
ngin
eerin
g as
wel
l as
past
im
plem
enta
tion
expe
rienc
e, a
nd (
ii) re
duce
the
bur
den
on r
egul
ated
ent
ities
. In
the
U
nite
d St
ates
, APH
IS is
resp
onsi
ble
for r
evie
win
g G
M c
rops
to d
eter
min
e w
heth
er th
ey p
ose
risks
to d
omes
tic a
gric
ultu
re. T
he p
ropo
sed
new
rule
will
rem
ain
open
for c
omm
ent u
ntil
19
May
201
7.
233
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Nov
embe
rG
M c
rops
The
U.S
. Ani
mal
and
Pla
nt H
ealth
Insp
ectio
n Se
rvic
e (A
PHIS
), de
cide
d to
with
draw
a c
hang
e to
its
biot
echn
olog
y re
gula
tions
put
for
war
d ea
rlier
thi
s ye
ar (
see
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7).
APH
IS
is r
espo
nsib
le f
or r
evie
win
g G
M c
rops
to
dete
rmin
e w
heth
er t
hey
pose
ris
ks t
o do
mes
tic
agric
ultu
re. T
he m
odifi
catio
ns th
e ag
ency
had
pro
pose
d re
pres
ente
d a
maj
or c
hang
e fro
m
APH
IS’ e
xist
ing
‘regu
late
firs
t/ana
lyze
late
r’ ap
proa
ch t
o on
e th
at e
ntai
led
asse
ssin
g ris
ks
first
and
the
n re
gula
ting
orga
nism
tha
t di
d pr
esen
t ris
ks. R
epor
tedl
y, af
ter
rece
ivin
g m
any
com
men
ts o
bjec
ting
to th
e sc
ope
of th
e pr
opos
ed c
hang
e, A
PHIS
dec
ided
to re
-eng
age
with
st
akeh
olde
rs to
det
erm
ine
the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e, s
cien
ce-b
ased
app
roac
h fo
r reg
ulat
ing
GM
O
prod
ucts
whi
le p
rote
ctin
g pl
ant h
ealth
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 41
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
234
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Euro
pean
Uni
onM
ayPa
lm o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
lTh
e Eu
rope
an P
arlia
men
t pas
sed
a re
solu
tion
callin
g fo
r the
intro
duct
ion
of a
sin
gle
man
dato
ry
certi
ficat
ion
sche
me
for E
urop
e-bo
und
palm
oil,
in a
bid
to e
nsur
e th
at a
ll pa
lm o
il en
terin
g th
e bl
oc is
pro
duce
d in
an
envi
ronm
enta
lly a
nd s
ocia
lly s
usta
inab
le w
ay. T
o pr
even
t the
EU
’s re
new
able
fue
l tar
gets
fro
m in
adve
rtent
ly c
ontri
butin
g to
def
ores
tatio
n, t
he r
esol
utio
n al
so
reco
mm
ends
pha
sing
out
, by
2020
, the
use
of b
iofu
els
prod
uced
from
pal
m o
il an
d ot
her
vege
tabl
e oi
ls p
urpo
rtedl
y pr
oduc
ed i
n an
uns
usta
inab
le w
ay.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e re
solu
tion
was
influ
ence
d by
the
obs
erva
tion
that
the
cer
tifica
tion
sche
mes
cur
rent
ly in
use
– s
uch
as t
he in
depe
nden
t Ro
undt
able
on
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
oil
(RSP
O) o
r th
e na
tiona
l sch
emes
in
trodu
ced
by In
done
sia
(ISPO
) and
Mal
aysi
a (M
SPO
) – d
o no
t enf
orce
bla
nket
ban
s on
fore
st
and
peat
land
cle
aran
ce. E
ssen
tially
, in
its n
on-b
indi
ng re
solu
tion
addr
esse
d to
the
Euro
pean
C
omm
issi
on, t
he P
arlia
men
t sug
gest
ed th
at o
nly
sust
aina
bly
prod
uced
pal
m o
il –
acco
rdin
g to
its
own
crite
ria –
sho
uld
ente
r the
blo
c. T
he m
otio
n fa
ced
stro
ng c
ritic
ism
from
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ing
coun
tries
, whi
ch la
bele
d th
e in
itiat
ive
as d
iscr
imin
ator
y an
d pr
otec
tioni
st. L
ast y
ear,
the
EU im
porte
d ap
prox
imat
ely
7 m
illion
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il, o
f whi
ch a
bout
hal
f was
use
d fo
r bi
odie
sel p
rodu
ctio
n. T
he b
loc
is th
e w
orld
’s se
cond
larg
est i
mpo
rter o
f pal
m o
il af
ter I
ndia
.
235
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Fran
ceJu
lyPa
lm o
il Fr
ance
’s En
viro
nmen
t M
inis
try is
con
side
ring
to in
trodu
ce m
easu
res
rest
rictin
g th
e us
e of
pa
lm o
il in
bio
fuel
s, b
ased
on
the
alle
ged
prev
alen
ce o
f uns
usta
inab
le p
rodu
ctio
n m
etho
ds
in c
ount
ries
of o
rigin
. Det
ails
of p
ossi
ble
dom
estic
mea
sure
s ha
ve n
ot b
een
prov
ided
. Pas
t pr
opos
als
to in
trodu
ce –
als
o on
env
ironm
enta
l gro
unds
– a
sur
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il im
ports
de
stin
ed fo
r foo
d us
e fa
iled
to o
btai
n pa
rliam
enta
ry a
ppro
val (
see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6).
236
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
Indo
nesi
a re
new
ed h
er e
fforts
to im
plem
ent a
man
dato
ry n
atio
nal c
ertifi
catio
n sc
hem
es fo
r su
stai
nabl
y pr
oduc
ed p
alm
oil –
as
oppo
sed
to th
e w
idel
y us
ed v
olun
tary
cer
tifica
tion
thro
ugh
RSPO
, the
glo
bal,
inte
rnat
iona
lly re
cogn
ized
and
indu
stry
-bac
ked
stan
dard
set
ting
body
for
palm
oil.
In re
cent
yea
rs, t
he G
over
nmen
t of I
ndon
esia
has
bec
ome
incr
easi
ngly
con
cern
ed
that
RSP
O c
ould
pla
ce lo
cal s
take
hold
ers
in a
dis
adva
ntag
ed p
ositi
on, b
y (i)
impo
sing
ove
rly
strin
gent
requ
irem
ents
, (ii)
appl
ying
hig
h ce
rtific
atio
n co
sts,
and
(iii) p
ayin
g in
suffi
cien
t atte
ntio
n to
the
need
s of
sm
allh
olde
r oil p
alm
gro
wer
s. C
onse
quen
tly, I
ndon
esia
issu
ed a
sta
te-b
acke
d su
stai
nabi
lity
stan
dard
for p
alm
oil,
cal
led
Indo
nesi
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil
(ISPO
). To
dat
e,
how
ever
, int
erna
tiona
l acc
epta
nce
of In
done
sia’
s na
tiona
l sta
ndar
d re
mai
ned
low
– d
espi
te
effor
ts to
stre
amlin
e IS
PO w
ith R
SPO
(see
also
MPP
U J
une&
Aug.
’11,
May
’12,
Apr
.& D
ec.’1
3,
May
’14,
and
Mar
.’16)
. To
addr
ess
this
issu
e, in
Feb
ruar
y 20
17, I
ndon
esia
has
tak
en s
teps
to
gai
n th
e EU
’s re
cogn
ition
for
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ed in
com
plia
nce
with
nat
iona
l law
s an
d re
gula
tions
. Re
porte
dly,
Indo
nesi
a is
wor
king
on
a sc
hem
e si
mila
r to
its
dom
estic
tim
ber
lega
lity
assu
ranc
e sy
stem
, whi
ch c
onfo
rms
fully
to th
e EU
cod
e on
For
est L
aw E
nfor
cem
ent
Gov
erna
nce
and
Trad
e (F
LEG
T). I
ndon
esia
and
the
EU a
re w
orki
ng o
n th
is in
itiat
ive
unde
r the
re
cent
ly e
stab
lishe
d W
orki
ng G
roup
on
Envi
ronm
ent a
nd C
limat
e C
hang
e.
42 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
237
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aM
ayFo
rest
, pea
tland
Indo
nesi
a’s
Pres
iden
t app
rove
d a
two-
year
ext
ensi
on o
f a m
orat
oriu
m o
n is
suin
g ne
w lic
ense
s fo
r the
use
of l
and
desi
gnat
ed a
s pr
imar
y fo
rest
and
pea
tland
in th
e co
untry
(see
also
MPP
U
June
& A
ug.’1
6).
The
six-
year
-old
mor
ator
ium
was
sch
edul
ed t
o ex
pire
on
20 M
ay 2
017.
Ai
med
at
halti
ng d
efor
esta
tion
and
pollu
tion
resu
lting
fro
m f
ores
t fir
es,
the
mor
ator
ium
is
said
to c
once
rn a
tota
l of 6
6 m
illion
hec
tare
s. A
ccor
ding
to g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, th
e la
test
ex
tens
ion
give
s co
ncer
ned
auth
oriti
es m
ore
time
to im
prov
e ru
les
on f
ores
t an
d pe
atla
nd
gove
rnan
ce a
nd g
athe
r mat
eria
l to
man
age
licen
ses
mor
e eff
ectiv
ely.
A nu
mbe
r of c
ivil s
ocie
ty
grou
ps p
oint
ed o
ut th
at fo
rest
cov
er lo
sses
rem
aine
d hi
gh d
urin
g th
e pa
st s
ix y
ears
. Alle
gedl
y, du
ring
2014
–201
5, 1
.5 m
illion
ha
of fo
rest
cov
er w
ere
lost
. Fur
ther
mor
e, s
ome
NG
Os
clai
med
th
at th
e re
curre
nt o
utbr
eak
of fi
res
on fo
rest
land
and
dra
ined
pea
tland
was
to a
larg
e ex
tent
dr
iven
by
plan
tatio
n ex
pans
ions
in th
e oi
l pal
m, w
ood
and
pape
r sec
tors
. Whi
le g
over
nmen
t so
urce
s re
ckon
ed th
at s
ome
land
con
vers
ion
cont
inue
d du
e to
per
mis
sion
s is
sued
prio
r to
the
mor
ator
ium
, NG
O’s
stre
ssed
tha
t a
num
ber
of f
acto
rs c
ompr
omis
ed t
he m
orat
oriu
m’s
effec
tiven
ess,
not
ably
: i) e
nfor
cem
ent p
robl
ems
aris
ing
from
dec
entra
lized
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g;
ii) di
sput
es o
ver l
and
tenu
re; a
nd ii
i) th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce th
at th
e m
orat
oriu
m w
as is
sued
in th
e fo
rm o
f a p
resi
dent
ial i
nstru
ctio
n, w
hich
doe
s no
t ent
ail l
egal
con
sequ
ence
s fo
r per
petra
tors
. A
grou
p of
fore
stry
exp
erts
urg
ed t
hat
the
mor
ator
ium
on
perm
its b
e co
mpl
emen
ted
with
liv
elih
ood
prog
ram
mes
for
loca
ls t
o fa
cilit
ate
the
gene
ratio
n of
loca
l inc
ome
from
for
ests
w
ithou
t inv
olvi
ng c
onve
rsio
n.
238
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aJu
lyO
il pa
lm
Indo
nesi
a’s
Envi
ronm
ent M
inis
ter
prop
osed
to tu
rn th
e co
untry
’s te
mpo
rary
mor
ator
ium
on
issu
ing
new
lice
nses
for
the
use
of la
nd d
esig
nate
d as
prim
ary
fore
st a
nd p
eatla
nd in
to a
pe
rman
ent b
an. I
n pl
ace
sinc
e 20
11, t
he m
orat
oriu
m h
as b
een
rene
wed
for a
third
tim
e –
until
M
ay 2
019
– ea
rlier
this
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Jun
e’17
).
239
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
To d
ate
1.9
milli
on h
ecta
res
of o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
ns –
i.e.
17
perc
ent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
tota
l ar
ea u
nder
oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion
– ha
ve b
een
certi
fied
unde
r th
e In
done
sia
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
Oil
(ISPO
) st
anda
rd.
Laun
ched
with
the
sup
port
of t
he G
over
nmen
t in
201
1 an
d im
plem
ente
d on
a
man
dato
ry
basi
s si
nce
2015
, IS
PO
was
de
sign
ed
to
guar
ante
e th
e ad
optio
n of
co
mpr
ehen
sive
en
viro
nmen
tal
and
soci
al
stan
dard
s an
d en
sure
co
mpl
ianc
e of
pla
ntat
ions
with
nat
iona
l ru
les
and
regu
latio
ns.
(See
also
MPP
U A
pr.’1
7 on
eff
orts
to
ac
cele
rate
IS
PO’s
dom
estic
ad
optio
n an
d in
tern
atio
nal
reco
gniti
on.)
240
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
Mal
aysi
a re
new
ed h
er e
fforts
to la
unch
a b
indi
ng n
atio
nal c
ertifi
catio
n sc
hem
e fo
r sus
tain
ably
pr
oduc
ed p
alm
oil
– as
opp
osed
to
the
wid
ely
used
vol
unta
ry c
ertifi
catio
n th
roug
h RS
PO,
the
glob
al, i
nter
natio
nally
rec
ogni
zed
and
indu
stry
-bac
ked
stan
dard
set
ting
body
for
palm
oi
l. Li
ke In
done
sia,
Mal
aysi
a ha
s be
com
e in
crea
sing
ly c
once
rned
tha
t RS
PO c
ould
pla
ce
loca
l sta
keho
lder
s in
a d
isad
vant
aged
pos
ition
, by
(i) im
posi
ng o
verly
stri
ngen
t req
uire
men
ts,
(ii) a
pply
ing
high
cer
tifica
tion
cost
s, a
nd (
iii) p
ayin
g in
suffi
cien
t at
tent
ion
to t
he n
eeds
of
smal
lhol
der
oil p
alm
gro
wer
s. C
onse
quen
tly, i
n 20
14, M
alay
sia
star
ted
deve
lopi
ng a
sta
te-
back
ed, v
olun
tary
sta
ndar
d kn
own
as M
SPO
or
Mal
aysi
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil
(see
also
M
PPU
May
/Jul
y/De
c./N
ov.’1
4 &
Aug.
’15)
. In
Febr
uary
201
7, g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s ann
ounc
ed a
tim
elin
e fo
r the
sta
ndar
d’s
man
dato
ry a
pplic
atio
n: c
ompl
ianc
e w
ill be
impl
emen
ted
in s
tage
s,
with
RSP
O-c
ertifi
ed e
stat
es, n
on-c
ertifi
ed e
stat
es, a
nd s
mal
lhol
der g
row
ers
requ
ired
to o
btai
n M
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
by, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
31 D
ecem
ber
2018
, 30
June
201
9 an
d 31
Dec
embe
r 20
19. T
he m
easu
res
is a
imed
at m
akin
g M
SPO
a g
loba
lly re
cogn
ized
stan
dard
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 43
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
241
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aM
ayPa
lm o
ilTh
e pr
inci
ples
and
crit
eria
for
MSP
O (
Mal
aysi
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil),
the
gov
ernm
ent-
back
ed s
usta
inab
ility
certi
ficat
ion
for o
il pa
lm th
at is
due
to b
ecom
e m
anda
tory
in M
alay
sia,
w
ill be
revi
sed
to m
ake
it m
ore
com
patib
le w
ith in
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ards
, acc
ordi
ng to
the
loca
l pr
ess.
Rep
orte
dly,
durin
g th
e ex
erci
se, c
are
will
be ta
ken
to k
eep
the
certi
ficat
ion
proc
ess
affor
dabl
e an
d ta
ilore
d to
the
spec
ific
need
s of
dom
estic
pro
duce
rs (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Apr
.’17)
.
242
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
a,
Indo
nesi
a,
Euro
pean
Uni
on
July
Palm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel
The
Gov
ernm
ents
of M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a in
form
ed th
at th
ey w
ould
con
side
r cha
lleng
ing
at
WTO
leve
l pos
sibl
e mea
sure
s by t
he E
urop
ean U
nion
to re
stric
t pal
m o
il im
ports
on s
usta
inab
ility
grou
nds.
The
ann
ounc
emen
t is
rela
ted
to a
rece
nt re
solu
tion
by th
e Eu
rope
an P
arlia
men
t tha
t (i)
cal
ls fo
r man
dato
ry c
ertifi
catio
n of
all E
urop
e-bo
und
palm
oil,
and
(ii)
reco
mm
ends
pha
sing
-ou
t the
use
of b
iofu
els
mad
e fro
m p
alm
oil
and
othe
r veg
etab
le o
ils p
urpo
rtedl
y pr
oduc
ed in
an
uns
usta
inab
le w
ay (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’17
). M
eanw
hile
, the
two
coun
tries
agr
eed
to c
arry
out
a
join
t mis
sion
to E
urop
e to
eng
age
with
rele
vant
par
ties
and
stak
ehol
ders
, and
info
rmed
that
th
ey w
ere
read
y to
wor
k w
ith tr
ade
partn
ers
in a
ddre
ssin
g th
eir c
once
rns
over
sus
tain
abilit
y. Th
e tw
o go
vern
men
ts w
ill co
ordi
nate
thei
r act
ions
und
er th
e C
ounc
il of
Pal
m O
il Pr
oduc
ing
Cou
ntrie
s (C
POPC
), an
initi
ativ
e se
t up
by M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a to
sta
biliz
e pr
ices
thro
ugh
conc
erte
d ac
tions
on
prod
uctio
n an
d st
ocks
.
243
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
Gov
ernm
ent
offici
als
confi
rmed
tha
t ce
rtific
atio
n th
roug
h th
e M
alay
sian
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m
Oil
(MSP
O)
sche
me
will
beco
me
man
dato
ry f
or a
ll pa
lm o
il gr
ower
s by
end
201
9. T
he
MSP
O s
tand
ard
was
dev
elop
ed to
pro
mot
e th
e ad
optio
n of
bes
t pra
ctic
es o
n su
stai
nabi
lity
thro
ugho
ut th
e su
pply
cha
in, w
hile
con
form
ing
to d
omes
tic la
ws
and
regu
latio
ns a
nd ta
king
in
to a
ccou
nt t
he s
peci
fic n
eeds
of l
ocal
pro
duce
rs. T
o da
te a
bout
244
600
hec
tare
s of
oil
palm
– o
r 4.1
per
cent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
tota
l are
a un
der o
il pa
lm –
hav
e un
derg
one
volu
ntar
ily
certi
ficat
ion,
invo
lvin
g m
ostly
larg
e es
tate
s ra
ther
than
sm
all g
row
ers.
Rec
ogni
zing
that
sm
all
prod
ucer
s –
who
con
tribu
te a
bout
40
perc
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’s pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
tion
– st
rugg
le
to m
eet t
he c
osts
of c
ertifi
catio
n, th
e go
vern
men
t ann
ounc
ed th
at in
depe
nden
t and
org
anize
d sm
allh
olde
rs w
ill re
ceiv
e fin
anci
al in
cent
ives
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
set a
side
M
YR 1
30 m
illion
(USD
31
milli
on) t
o su
ppor
t som
e 65
0 00
0 sm
all g
row
ers
culti
vatin
g ar
ound
tw
o m
illion
hec
tare
s of
oil
palm
. Fur
ther
mor
e, th
e G
over
nmen
t ren
ewed
its
com
mitm
ent t
o pr
omot
e M
SPO
ove
rsea
s to
ens
ure
the
stan
dard
is a
ccep
ted
in in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
ts. (
See
also
MPP
U A
pr.’1
7 on
effo
rts t
o ac
cele
rate
MSP
O’s
dom
estic
ado
ptio
n an
d in
tern
atio
nal
reco
gniti
on.)
244
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
Rega
rdin
g th
e go
vern
men
t’s p
ledg
e to
sup
port
palm
oil
prod
ucer
s in
con
form
ing
to t
he
natio
nal s
tand
ard
for
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil,
or
MSP
O (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’17)
, min
istry
offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at a
udit
cost
s w
ill be
sub
sidi
zed
at th
e fo
llow
ing
rate
s: 1
00 p
erce
nt fo
r sm
all o
il pa
lm g
row
ers,
i.e.
org
anize
d or
inde
pend
ent s
mal
lhol
ders
cul
tivat
ing
less
than
40.
46 h
ecta
res;
70
per
cent
for e
stat
es w
ith p
lant
ed a
rea
betw
een
40.5
and
1 0
00 h
ecta
res;
and
30
perc
ent f
or
esta
tes
abov
e 1
001
hect
ares
as
wel
l as
proc
essi
ng fa
cilit
ies
(incl
udin
g m
ills, r
efine
ries
and
crus
hers
).
44 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
245
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
Earli
er th
is y
ear,
the
Gov
ernm
ent a
nnou
nced
that
it w
ould
fully
cov
er th
e au
dit f
ees
incu
rred
by o
il pa
lm s
mal
lhol
ders
cer
tifyi
ng t
heir
prod
uctio
n un
der
the
Mal
aysi
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
O
il sc
hem
e (M
SPO
) –
the
stat
e-ba
cked
sta
ndar
d se
t to
bec
ome
man
dato
ry a
cros
s th
e in
dust
ry b
y en
d-20
19 (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’17)
. In
Oct
ober
, min
istry
offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at a
lso
larg
er p
rodu
cers
and
pro
cess
ing
faci
litie
s ad
optin
g M
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
wou
ld re
ceiv
e fin
anci
al
supp
ort.
For
esta
tes
culti
vatin
g be
twee
n 40
and
1 0
00 h
ecta
res,
70
perc
ent
of a
udit
cost
w
ould
be
cove
red,
whi
le e
stat
es a
bove
1 0
01 h
ecta
res
as w
ell a
s cr
ushe
rs a
nd re
finer
s w
ould
be
cov
ered
at a
rate
of 3
0 pe
rcen
t. In
the
mea
ntim
e, th
e G
over
nmen
t con
tinue
d pu
rsui
ng it
s eff
orts
to o
btai
n in
tern
atio
nal a
ccep
tanc
e of
the
stan
dard
, und
erlin
ing
that
MSP
O-c
ertifi
ed
palm
oil
is p
rodu
ced
“bal
anci
ng th
e ne
eds
of p
eopl
e, p
rofit
and
pla
net”
.
246
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
The
coun
try’s
MSP
O s
tand
ard
will
be re
view
ed n
ext y
ear t
o st
reng
then
it a
nd b
ring
it m
ore
in l
ine
with
glo
bally
acc
epte
d no
rms,
the
Mal
aysi
an P
alm
Oil
Cer
tifica
tion
Cou
ncil
said
. Re
porte
dly,
new
dev
elop
men
ts c
once
rnin
g gr
eenh
ouse
gas
em
issi
ons
and
carb
on s
avin
gs
war
rant
suc
h re
view
.
247
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, the
Mal
aysi
an s
tate
of S
abah
inte
nds
to p
roce
ed w
ith it
s ow
n pa
lm o
il ce
rtific
atio
n st
rate
gy –
whi
le th
e fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent m
oves
ahe
ad w
ith n
atio
nwid
e im
plem
enta
tion
of t
he M
SPO
sta
ndar
d. R
epor
tedl
y, Sa
bah’
s St
ate
Cab
inet
opt
ed f
or t
he
intro
duct
ion
of ju
risdi
ctio
nal c
ertifi
catio
n at
sta
te le
vel b
ack
in 2
015,
i.e.
bef
ore
MSP
O w
as
laun
ched
. Und
er th
e lo
cal p
olic
y, al
l pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ed w
ithin
the
stat
e is
requ
ired
to u
nder
go
– ov
er th
e 20
15–2
025
perio
d –
sust
aina
bilit
y ce
rtific
atio
n. T
he p
rogr
amm
e’s
thre
e m
ain
goal
s ar
e i)
to a
chie
ve z
ero
loss
of
high
con
serv
atio
n va
lue
and
high
car
bon
stoc
k ar
eas,
ii) t
o ex
clud
e so
cial
con
flict
, and
iii)
to im
prov
e sm
allh
olde
r sus
tain
abilit
y.
248
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Nor
way
June
Palm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel
A re
solu
tion
pass
ed b
y th
e N
orw
egia
n Pa
rliam
ent c
alls
on
the
coun
try’s
Gov
ernm
ent t
o ta
ke
step
s to
end
– o
n en
viro
nmen
tal g
roun
ds –
pub
lic p
rocu
rem
ent o
f pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l, w
hile
pro
mot
ing
the
use
of s
usta
inab
ly p
rodu
ced,
adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls.
249
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Peru
May
Oil
palm
Th
e Pe
ruvi
an G
over
nmen
t com
mitt
ed to
con
sult
indi
geno
us p
eopl
e (w
hich
typi
cally
do
not
poss
ess
reco
gnize
d le
gal r
ight
s ov
er t
heir
land
) pr
ior
to a
ppro
ving
oil
palm
pro
ject
s th
at
wou
ld a
ffect
the
m. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e te
rrito
ries
earm
arke
d fo
r oi
l pal
m e
xpan
sion
und
er t
he
Gov
ernm
ent’s
201
6–20
25 d
evel
opm
ent p
lan
incl
ude
at le
ast 1
3 in
dige
nous
com
mun
ities
.
250
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xes
Alge
riaM
arch
Soym
eal
Effec
tive
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
17, t
he v
alue
-add
ed ta
x on
sel
ecte
d gr
ain
and
feed
pro
duct
s –
incl
udin
g so
ybea
n m
eal (
all o
f whi
ch is
impo
rted)
– h
as b
een
rais
ed fr
om 7
per
cent
to 9
per
cent
. As
the
mea
sure
dire
ctly
affe
cts
sale
pric
es, t
he ta
x in
crea
se c
ould
slo
w d
own
Alge
ria’s
pace
of
soym
eal i
mpo
rts.
251
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xes
Chi
naM
ayO
ilsee
ds, o
ils,
mea
lsTh
e M
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
ann
ounc
ed a
redu
ctio
n in
the
valu
e-ad
ded
tax
on a
gric
ultu
ral g
oods
–
effec
tive
1 Ju
ly 2
017
– as
par
t of o
ngoi
ng re
form
s to
sim
plify
the
coun
try’s
tax
stru
ctur
e an
d st
imul
ate
dom
estic
con
sum
ptio
n. T
he m
easu
re w
ill ap
ply
to o
ilsee
ds a
nd o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
ts,
whe
ther
loca
lly p
rodu
ced
or im
porte
d.
252
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xes
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Drie
d di
stille
rs
grai
nsC
hina
’s 11
-per
cent
val
ue-a
dded
tax
on im
ports
of D
DGs
(drie
d di
stille
rs g
rain
s w
ith s
olub
les)
w
ill be
rem
oved
on
20 D
ecem
ber.
Desp
ite th
e ta
riff e
limin
atio
n, a
resu
mpt
ion
of D
DGs
impo
rts
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
ppea
rs u
nlik
ely,
give
n th
at th
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng a
nd c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s im
pose
d on
US-
orig
in D
DGs
will
rem
ain
in p
lace
(see
also
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 45
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
253
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xes
Indi
aJu
neO
ilsee
ds, m
eals
, oi
lsU
nder
Ind
ia’s
new
Goo
ds &
Sev
ices
Tax
, G
ST (
rolle
d ou
t on
1 J
uly
2017
), oi
lsee
ds a
nd
vege
tabl
e oi
ls fa
ll in
the
5 pe
rcen
t tax
cat
egor
y, bl
ende
d oi
l and
mar
garin
e at
tract
18
perc
ent
tax,
and
oilm
eals
are
tax
-exe
mpt
ed.
Esse
ntia
lly,
the
new
cla
ssifi
catio
n is
com
para
ble
to
that
app
lied
unde
r th
e pr
evio
us v
alue
-add
ed t
ax r
egim
e. H
owev
er,
the
coun
try’s
indu
stry
as
soci
atio
ns d
eman
ded
that
oils
eeds
be
mov
ed t
o th
e ze
ro t
ax b
rack
et –
aki
n to
oth
er
esse
ntia
l com
mod
ities
like
rice
, whe
at a
nd s
ugar
, whi
le b
lend
ed o
il an
d m
arga
rine
shou
ld b
e ta
xed
at 5
per
cent
.
254
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xes
Mal
awi,
East
/So
uthe
rn A
frica
Sept
embe
rVe
geta
ble
& an
imal
oils
/fats
In M
alaw
i, ve
geta
ble
and
anim
al o
ils/fa
ts a
nd t
heir
deriv
ed p
rodu
cts
have
bee
n ex
empt
ed
from
pay
ing
valu
e ad
ded
tax,
effe
ctiv
e 1
July
201
7. A
s a
resu
lt, re
fined
oils
/fats
will
no lo
nger
at
tract
VAT
at 1
6.5
perc
ent.
Aim
ed a
t pro
tect
ing
dom
estic
refin
ers
from
the
inflo
w o
f coo
king
oi
ls th
at d
o no
t und
ergo
val
ue a
dditi
on lo
cally
, the
mea
sure
is e
xpec
ted
to h
elp
the
indi
geno
us
edib
le o
il in
dust
ry g
row
and
dom
estic
oils
eed
prod
uctio
n ex
pand
. Re
porte
dly,
anal
ogou
s m
easu
res
are
in p
lace
in Z
imba
bwe,
the
Uni
ted
Repu
blic
of T
anza
nia,
Moz
ambi
que
and
the
Rep.
of S
outh
Afri
ca, w
hile
, in
Zam
bia,
the
edib
le o
il in
dust
ry re
peat
edly
cal
led
on th
e lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent t
o im
plem
ent a
sim
ilar p
olic
y (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’13)
.
255
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Soci
al p
olic
ies
Gha
naSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
As p
art
of a
new
ly la
unch
ed p
rogr
amm
e th
at o
ffers
fre
e ed
ucat
ion
at s
enio
r hi
gh s
choo
l le
vel,
the
Gha
naia
n G
over
nmen
t con
tract
ed th
e co
untry
’s as
soci
atio
n of
sm
all-s
cale
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ers t
o su
pply
pal
m o
il (fo
r coo
king
oil u
se) t
o co
ncer
ned
scho
ols n
atio
nwid
e. R
epor
tedl
y, fa
rmer
s ar
e pr
epar
ing
to e
xpan
d oi
l pal
m c
ultiv
atio
n to
mee
t the
ant
icip
ated
incr
ease
in p
alm
oi
l dem
and.
256
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
il, C
hina
May
Soyb
ean
The
Gov
ernm
ents
of
Braz
il an
d C
hina
ann
ounc
ed t
he c
reat
ion
of a
n in
vest
men
t fu
nd f
or
infra
stru
ctur
e pr
ojec
ts.
The
fund
will
be v
alue
d at
USD
20
billio
n, w
ith B
razil
and
Chi
na
cont
ribut
ing,
resp
ectiv
ely,
one-
four
th a
nd th
ree-
four
ths
of th
e re
sour
ces.
Rep
orte
dly,
Chi
na
is e
ager
to
inve
st in
rai
lroad
, hig
hway
and
por
t pr
ojec
ts t
hat
coul
d lo
wer
the
cos
t of
raw
ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
s su
ch a
s so
ybea
ns b
eing
shi
pped
to
Chi
na.
One
suc
h pr
ojec
t is
the
‘F
erro
grão
’ (or
Gra
in R
ailw
ay) t
hat w
ould
con
nect
gra
in p
rodu
ctio
n re
gion
s in
nor
ther
n M
ato
Gro
sso
to M
iritit
uba,
a ri
ver p
ort i
n th
e Am
azon
Bas
in (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
. & A
ug.’1
6).
257
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilJu
neG
rain
s, o
ilsee
dsG
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s re
porte
d fu
rther
impr
ovem
ents
in B
razil
’s no
rther
n po
rt in
frast
ruct
ure.
In
rece
nt y
ears
, the
dev
elop
men
t of n
ew e
xpor
t cor
ridor
s in
the
coun
try’s
so-c
alle
d “A
rco
Nor
te”
regi
on (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
attr
acte
d si
gnifi
cant
priv
ate
and
publ
ic f
undi
ng. B
ased
on
the
late
st in
vest
men
ts, i
ndus
try e
xper
ts e
stim
ate
toda
y’s c
ombi
ned
ship
men
t cap
acity
of p
orts
lo
cate
d al
ong
Braz
il’s n
orth
-Atla
ntic
coa
st a
t 40
milli
on m
etric
tonn
es o
f gra
ins
per y
ear,
with
pr
ojec
tions
for 2
025
poin
ting
to 6
4 m
illion
tonn
es. F
or m
arke
ting
year
201
7/18
, act
ual e
xpor
ts
via
the
new
exp
ort c
orrid
ors
have
bee
n pe
gged
at 2
7 m
illion
tonn
es (i
.e. 2
6 pe
rcen
t of B
razil
’s ag
greg
ate
mai
ze a
nd s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n), w
hich
com
pare
s to
onl
y 7
milli
on m
etric
tonn
es
(or 1
6 pe
rcen
t of t
he c
ombi
ned
mai
ze/s
oy o
utpu
t) in
200
9/10
. Han
d in
han
d w
ith th
is in
crea
se,
a de
cong
estio
n in
shi
pmen
ts v
ia t
he t
radi
tiona
l sou
th-b
ound
rou
tes
has
been
obs
erve
d,
with
por
ts a
long
the
Bra
zil’s
sout
h-ea
st/s
outh
ern
coas
t gr
adua
lly s
hifti
ng t
heir
voca
tion
to
cont
aine
r tra
ffic
and
ship
men
ts o
f hig
her v
alue
-add
ed p
rodu
cts.
Rep
orte
dly,
in o
rder
to fu
lly
real
ize th
e po
tent
ial o
f the
new
nor
th-b
ound
exp
ort c
hann
els,
a n
umbe
r of r
oad
and
rail
links
re
mai
n to
be
com
plet
ed, p
ayin
g du
e at
tent
ion
to e
nviro
nmen
tal c
onsi
dera
tions
. Thi
s co
ncer
ns
in p
artic
ular
the
pavi
ng o
f 160
km
of h
ighw
ay B
R-16
3, th
e up
grad
ing
of h
ighw
ay B
R-36
4, a
nd
the
“Fer
rogr
ão” r
ailw
ay p
roje
ct (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’17
).
46 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
258
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilJu
lyG
rain
s, o
ilsee
dsAc
cord
ing
to in
dust
ry s
ourc
es, p
rote
sts
alon
g Br
azilia
n hi
ghw
ay B
R-16
3 ha
ve a
ffect
ed th
e flo
w o
f gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
to th
e co
untry
’s no
rther
n po
rts. T
he h
ighw
ay li
nks
the
stat
e of
M
ato
Gro
sso
to M
iritit
uba,
the
bar
ge t
erm
inal
con
nect
ed w
ith t
he n
orth
-Atla
ntic
por
ts o
f Ba
rcar
ena
and
Sant
arém
. Acc
ordi
ng to
offi
cial
sou
rces
, the
rece
ntly
ope
ned
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
r was
exp
ecte
d to
abs
orb
arou
nd o
ne-fo
urth
of B
razil
’s ag
greg
ate
mai
ze a
nd s
oybe
an
prod
uctio
n in
201
7/18
(see
MM
PU J
uly’
17).
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e hi
ghw
ay w
as b
lock
ed b
y lo
cal
resi
dent
s, m
erch
ants
and
farm
ers
who
ask
ed fo
r inc
reas
ed a
cces
s to
the
regi
on’s
prot
ecte
d na
tiona
l for
est a
reas
.
259
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilAu
gust
Gra
ins,
oils
eeds
Braz
il’s T
rans
port
Min
istry
has
allo
cate
d th
e su
m o
f BRL
128
.5 m
illion
(USD
41.
2 m
illion
) for
pa
ving
65
km o
f hig
hway
BR-
163,
i.e.
the
last
unp
aved
stre
tch
of th
e ke
y ar
tery
that
link
s M
ato
Gro
sso
stat
e –
the
coun
try’s
Cen
tre-w
est g
rain
hub
– to
Bra
zil’s
new
ly o
pene
d po
rts
on th
e no
rth-A
tlant
ic c
oast
. Bas
ed o
n go
vern
men
t est
imat
es, u
pon
the
wor
ks’ c
ompl
etio
n,
Braz
il’s n
orth
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
r (or
“Arc
o N
orte
”) w
ould
abs
orb
arou
nd o
ne-fo
urth
of B
razil
’s ag
greg
ate
mai
ze a
nd s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’17
). In
dust
ry s
ourc
es,
on t
he
othe
r han
d, p
oint
ed to
the
need
for a
dditi
onal
inve
stm
ents
in th
e re
gion
’s in
frast
ruct
ure.
With
no
rthbo
und
ship
men
ts fr
om M
ato
Gro
sso
depe
ndin
g on
a s
ingl
e hi
ghw
ay, t
he li
kelih
ood
of
tem
pora
ry d
isru
ptio
ns re
mai
ns h
igh,
priv
ate
sour
ces
opin
ed (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’17)
.
260
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilN
ovem
ber
Gra
ins,
oils
eeds
With
a v
iew
to a
ddre
ss h
isto
rical
infra
stru
ctur
e bo
ttlen
ecks
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mat
o G
ross
o –
the
coun
try’s
lead
ing
grai
n-pr
oduc
ing
stat
e –
has
invi
ted
bids
for
the
con
stru
ctio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of n
ew ro
ads.
Initi
ally,
lice
nses
for t
hree
stre
tche
s of
road
s to
talin
g 52
5 km
will
be
awar
ded,
but
, by
the
end
of 2
018,
licen
ses
for a
tota
l of
3 12
5 km
are
exp
ecte
d to
be
gran
ted.
At
the
sam
e tim
e, th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
has
rene
wed
its
calls
to in
clud
e a
railr
oad
linki
ng M
ato
Gro
sso
with
por
ts in
the
Amaz
on B
asin
in th
e G
over
nmen
t’s in
frast
ruct
ure
inve
stm
ent p
lans
. Re
porte
dly,
the
prop
osed
railr
oad
(dub
bed
Gra
in R
ailw
ay o
r ‘Fe
rrogr
ão’)
wou
ld e
xten
d ov
er
1 14
2 km
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly
& Ju
ne’1
7).
261
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilDe
cem
ber
Gra
ins,
oils
eeds
Four
int
erna
tiona
l gr
ain
tradi
ng c
ompa
nies
are
con
side
ring
to s
ubm
it a
join
t bi
d fo
r th
e ‘F
erro
grão
’ gra
in ra
ilroa
d pr
ojec
t tha
t wou
ld li
nk M
ato
Gro
sso
stat
e w
ith tr
anss
hipm
ent p
orts
in
the
Amaz
on b
asin
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly
& De
c.’1
7). A
noth
er b
id is
like
ly to
com
e fro
m a
gr
oup
of C
hine
se s
tate
-ow
ned
firm
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e ’1
7). T
otal
con
stru
ctio
n co
sts
for t
he
new
rail
line,
whi
ch w
ould
allo
w m
ovin
g ap
prox
imat
ely
42 m
illion
tonn
es o
f gra
ins
per y
ear,
have
bee
n es
timat
ed a
t BRL
14
billio
n (U
SD 4
.4 b
illion
), an
d co
ntra
ctor
s w
ould
be
awar
ded
a 65
-yea
r lic
ense
from
the
gove
rnm
ent t
o op
erat
e th
e ra
ilroa
d. T
he p
roje
ct is
sai
d to
face
loca
l op
posi
tion
from
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es, s
ubsi
sten
ce fa
rmer
s an
d m
inin
g co
mpa
nies
.
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U),
whi
ch c
an b
e re
triev
ed
on-li
ne a
t http
://w
ww.
fao.
org/
econ
omic
/est
/pub
licat
ions
/oilc
rops
-pub
licat
ions
/mon
thly
-pric
e-an
d-po
licy-
upda
te/e
n/.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 47
Tabl
e 3.
I
ndus
try
mea
sure
s an
d in
itiat
ives
repo
rted
in 2
017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
1IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Indo
nesi
aRe
spon
sibl
e pr
oduc
tion
pled
ge:
An
Indo
nesi
an i
ndus
try g
roup
agr
eed
to s
top
clea
ring
fore
st u
ntil
sust
aina
bilit
y as
sess
men
ts c
an b
e m
ade
on 7
5 00
0 ha
of f
ores
t un
der
a pa
lm o
il co
nces
sion
in P
apua
Pr
ovin
ce. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e gr
oup
cons
ider
s fo
llow
ing
the
‘Hig
h C
arbo
n St
ock
Appr
oach
’ in
its a
sses
smen
ts,
whi
ch w
ould
impl
y usi
ng in
depe
nden
t ass
esso
rs, p
ublis
hing
the
resu
lts a
nd se
ekin
g in
depe
nden
t ver
ifica
tion
of c
ompl
ianc
e.
2IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Indo
nesi
aRe
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng c
omm
itmen
ts:
Glo
bal c
onsu
mer
goo
ds c
ompa
ny U
nile
ver
info
rmed
tha
t it
will
adop
t a ju
risdi
ctio
nal a
ppro
ach
to p
alm
oil
sour
cing
by
pref
eren
tially
buy
ing
from
are
as th
at h
ave
in p
lace
co
mpr
ehen
sive
clim
ate
and
fore
st p
olic
ies.
Acc
ordi
ngly,
the
com
pany
has
sign
ed a
thre
e-ye
ar M
emor
andu
m
of U
nder
stan
ding
with
the
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
t of C
entra
l Kal
iman
tan
(Indo
nesi
a) a
nd o
ther
loca
l par
tner
s to
pro
mot
e, a
t villa
ge le
vel,
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil p
rodu
ctio
n by
cer
tified
sm
allh
olde
rs. T
he n
ew fo
rm o
f pal
m
oil s
ourc
ing
is s
aid
to b
uild
on
clos
e pu
blic
-priv
ate
colla
bora
tion.
3IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Ivor
y C
oast
Cer
tifica
tion
assi
stan
ce:
In C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
, civ
il so
ciet
y gr
oup
Solid
arid
ad a
nd R
SPO
(the
wor
ld’s
lead
ing
indu
stry
-bac
ked
stan
dard
set
ting
body
for
pal
m o
il) w
ill jo
intly
im
plem
ent
a la
rge
grou
p ce
rtific
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
e ta
rget
ing
5 00
0 sm
allh
olde
rs. T
he th
ree-
year
pro
ject
is a
imed
at m
akin
g su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
of p
alm
oil
the
norm
in th
e co
untry
. Côt
e d’
Ivoi
re is
Afri
ca’s
third
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f pal
m o
il.
4IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Glo
bal
Resp
onsi
ble
lend
ing
polic
ies:
Env
ironm
enta
l adv
ocac
y gr
oups
con
tinue
pre
ssin
g in
tern
atio
nal b
anks
to
indu
ce o
il pal
m c
ompa
nies
to a
dopt
sus
tain
able
pro
duct
ion
prac
tices
(see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6). A
repo
rt re
leas
ed
by G
reen
peac
e In
tern
atio
nal c
laim
s th
at o
ne o
f the
larg
est p
rovi
ders
of fi
nanc
ial s
ervi
ces
to th
e pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry p
rovi
ded
loan
s an
d ot
her fi
nanc
ial s
ervi
ces
to c
ompa
nies
that
alle
gedl
y ha
rmed
trop
ical
rain
fore
st,
infri
nged
labo
ur la
ws
and
disr
egar
ded
oper
atin
g lic
ense
s. B
y do
ing
so, t
he b
ank
is s
aid
to h
ave
brea
ched
its
ow
n co
rpor
ate
polic
y re
gard
ing
sust
aina
bilit
y in
fore
stry
and
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
ion,
incl
udin
g sp
ecifi
c se
ctio
ns o
n pa
lm o
il. T
he re
port,
whi
ch s
tate
s th
at a
lso
othe
r ba
nks’
lend
ing
activ
ities
are
pro
blem
atic
, ur
ges
bank
s an
d in
stitu
tiona
l inv
esto
rs to
act
ivel
y en
gage
with
pal
m o
il co
mpa
nies
on
corp
orat
e st
rate
gy
and
beha
viou
r prio
r to
agre
eing
to p
rovi
de n
ew (o
r ren
ew o
n-go
ing)
fina
ncia
l ser
vice
s.
5IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Glo
bal
Resp
onsi
ble
sour
cing
com
mitm
ents
: G
loba
l agr
i-bus
ines
s tra
der
Car
gill
repo
rted
on t
he c
ompa
ny’s
prog
ress
and
goa
ls re
gard
ing
defo
rest
atio
n an
d pl
edge
d to
pro
tect
fore
sts
in s
ix p
riorit
y su
pply
cha
ins,
in
clud
ing
palm
oil
and
soyb
ean.
The
com
pany
com
mitt
ed t
o im
plem
ent
spec
ific
actio
n pl
ans
and
offer
tra
inin
g pr
ogra
mm
es to
farm
ers
and
supp
liers
– in
clo
se c
olla
bora
tion
with
thei
r cus
tom
ers,
gov
ernm
ents
, N
GO
s an
d ot
her s
take
hold
ers.
6IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Janu
ary
Glo
bal
Resp
onsi
ble
sour
cing
com
mitm
ents
: G
loba
l pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es c
ompa
ny D
uPon
t rep
orte
d th
at it
has
co
mpl
eted
its
switc
h to
100
% R
SPO
-cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il an
d pa
lm o
il de
rivat
ives
in it
s gl
obal
em
ulsi
fier p
rodu
ctio
n –
a pr
oces
s th
e co
mpa
ny s
tarte
d in
200
9. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e tra
nsiti
on w
as d
elay
ed b
y in
suffi
cien
t mar
ket d
eman
d an
d a
shor
tage
of c
erta
in c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil d
eriv
ativ
es. N
ow th
e co
mpa
ny a
ims
to m
ove
from
sou
rcin
g its
pro
duct
s th
roug
h Bo
ok&C
laim
mec
hani
sms
to b
uyin
g th
roug
h ph
ysic
al s
uppl
y ch
ains
.
48 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
7IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chM
alay
sia
Cer
tifica
tion
assi
stan
ce:
In M
alay
sia,
glo
bal a
gri-b
usin
ess
firm
Car
gill
join
ed fo
rces
with
a s
ocia
l soc
iety
gr
oup
to s
uppo
rt th
e in
clus
ion
of in
depe
nden
t oi
l pal
m s
mal
lhol
ders
in c
ertifi
catio
n. U
nder
the
pro
ject
, in
depe
nden
t gro
wer
s, d
eale
rs, m
ills a
nd re
finer
s ar
e pr
ovid
ed w
ith te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
hel
p th
em a
dopt
re
spon
sibl
e an
d effi
cien
t pr
actic
es,
incr
ease
the
ir yi
elds
, an
d ob
tain
cer
tifica
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
in t
otal
, 17
5 sm
allh
olde
r gro
wer
s ha
ve re
ceiv
ed R
SPO
cer
tifica
tion.
The
initi
ativ
e’s
long
-term
obj
ectiv
e is
to d
evel
op
a cr
itica
l mas
s of
sm
allh
olde
rs a
nd c
reat
e a
self-
sust
aini
ng g
roup
sch
eme
able
to p
rovi
de a
n un
inte
rrupt
ed
flow
of R
SPO
cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il.
8IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chU
nite
d Ki
ngdo
mC
ertifi
catio
n –
Mar
ket
inci
denc
e:
Acco
rdin
g to
rec
ently
pub
lishe
d go
vern
men
t da
ta,
in t
he U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m, a
nnua
l upt
ake
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il alm
ost t
riple
d be
twee
n 20
09 a
nd 2
015
(see
al
so M
PPU
Dec
.’15)
. Out
of t
he 4
57 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
sou
rced
thro
ugh
RSPO
-bac
ked
supp
ly c
hain
mod
els
in 2
015,
abo
ut 3
26 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
wer
e se
greg
ated
and
mas
s-ba
lanc
ed p
alm
oil,
whi
lst B
ook&
Cla
im
certi
ficat
es a
ccou
nted
for
131
tho
usan
d to
nnes
. W
hile
pur
chas
es b
y fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
and
ret
aile
rs
cons
iste
d al
mos
t ent
irely
of c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil,
in th
e fo
od s
ervi
ce s
ecto
r, ce
rtifie
d pa
lm o
il ac
coun
ted
for
only
67
perc
ent o
f tot
al p
urch
ases
. Civ
il soc
iety
gro
ups u
rged
pol
icy m
aker
s to
stic
k to
the
targ
et o
f sou
rcin
g 10
0 pe
rcen
t cer
tified
pal
m o
il. In
add
ition
, the
y re
com
men
ded
to b
road
en th
at p
olic
y to
incl
ude
palm
oil
deriv
ativ
es a
nd p
alm
oil
in im
porte
d fin
ishe
d pr
oduc
ts.
9IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chG
loba
lRe
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng c
omm
itmen
ts:
Glo
bal
food
com
pany
Kra
ft H
einz
com
mitt
ed t
o ac
hiev
ing
a su
stai
nabl
e an
d tra
ceab
le p
alm
oil
supp
ly c
hain
. The
food
man
ufac
ture
r ple
dged
to s
ourc
e on
ly R
SPO
-ce
rtifie
d pa
lm o
il an
d to
regu
larly
repo
rt on
pro
gres
s. C
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps p
oint
ed o
ut th
at th
e co
mpa
ny’s
polic
y la
cked
a ti
mel
ine
for i
mpl
emen
tatio
n. T
he g
ener
al q
uest
ion
whe
ther
RSP
O’s
curre
nt b
asic
prin
cipl
es
are
suffi
cien
tly s
tring
ent t
o pr
even
t uns
usta
inab
le p
ract
ices
com
plet
ely
was
als
o ra
ised
.
10IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chG
loba
lRe
spon
sibl
e le
ndin
g po
licie
s:
Glo
bal l
endi
ng in
stitu
tion
HSB
C d
ecid
ed t
o re
view
its
loan
pol
icie
s fo
r th
e pa
lm o
il se
ctor
and
met
with
Gre
enpe
ace
to d
iscu
ss it
s re
ques
t to
adop
t stri
cter
sta
ndar
ds to
pro
tect
hi
gh-c
arbo
n-st
ock
(HC
S) fo
rest
s an
d pe
atla
nd (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’17)
. The
ban
k sa
id it
is o
pen
to ti
ghte
n its
pol
icie
s as
soc
iety
’s ex
pect
atio
ns c
hang
e an
d ne
w s
tand
ards
em
erge
. Its
elf a
mem
ber o
f RSP
O, t
he
bank
sai
d it
supp
orts
the
full
inco
rpor
atio
n of
the
HC
S C
onve
rgen
ce A
gree
men
t int
o RS
PO’s
stan
dard
s.
Mea
nwhi
le, H
SBC
has
exp
ande
d its
‘pro
hibi
ted
busi
ness
com
mitm
ent’,
mak
ing
it co
nsis
tent
with
the
‘No
defo
rest
atio
n, N
o Pe
at a
nd N
o Ex
ploi
tatio
n’ p
olic
ies
that
are
incr
easi
ngly
com
mon
in th
e pa
lm o
il su
pply
ch
ain.
HSB
C a
lso
pled
ged
to c
lose
its
rela
tions
hip
with
com
pani
es th
at d
o no
t com
ply
with
its
polic
ies.
The
ba
nk u
nder
lined
that
gro
wer
s, p
roce
ssor
s, c
onsu
mer
goo
d co
mpa
nies
and
ban
ks n
eed
to w
ork
toge
ther
m
ore
succ
essf
ully
to p
rom
ote
a su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il sec
tor.
Gre
enpe
ace
cons
ider
ed H
SBC
’s in
itiat
ive
as a
n im
porta
nt fi
rst s
tep,
whi
ch s
ends
a c
lear
sig
nal t
o ot
her b
anks
to fo
llow
sui
t.
11IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
May
Col
ombi
aC
ertifi
catio
n ad
vanc
es:
A C
olom
bian
oil p
alm
gro
wer
has
bec
ome
the
first
pro
duce
r to
rece
ive
RSPO
-Nex
t ce
rtific
atio
n, a
vol
unta
ry a
dd-o
n m
odul
e la
unch
ed in
201
6 en
gagi
ng R
SPO
mem
bers
to e
xcee
d th
e bo
dy’s
basi
c su
stai
nabi
lity
stan
dard
, not
ably
with
rega
rd to
def
ores
tatio
n, p
eatla
nd d
evel
opm
ent a
nd in
dige
nous
pe
ople
s’ ri
ghts
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
15 &
Mar
.’16)
.
12IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
May
Sout
heas
t Asi
aPr
omot
ion
of s
usta
inab
le p
rodu
ctio
n: A
n in
tern
atio
nal c
onso
rtium
on
Sust
aina
ble
Agric
ultu
ral L
ands
cape
s in
Sou
thea
st A
sia
(SAL
SA) h
as b
een
laun
ched
in M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a. T
he f
ound
ing
mem
bers
are
Fr
ance
’s ag
ricul
tura
l res
earc
h ce
ntre
CIR
AD,
two
plan
tatio
n co
mpa
nies
, an
Indo
nesi
an p
lant
atio
n cr
op
rese
arch
net
wor
k an
d th
e As
ian
and
Paci
fic C
ocon
ut C
omm
unity
(APC
C).
The
over
all o
bjec
tive
of t
he
publ
ic-p
rivat
e pa
rtner
ship
is to
pro
mot
e su
stai
nabi
lity
and
deliv
er s
peci
alize
d tra
inin
g in
maj
or c
omm
odity
ch
ains
, inc
ludi
ng p
alm
oil.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 49
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
13IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
May
Glo
bal
Cer
tifica
tion
adva
nces
: T
he g
loba
lly r
ecog
nize
d se
lf-re
gula
ting
indu
stry
bod
y fo
r pa
lm o
il, R
SPO
(R
ound
tabl
e on
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il), h
as la
unch
ed th
e re
view
of i
ts s
tand
ards
– a
n ex
erci
se th
e bo
dy
cond
ucts
eve
ry fi
ve y
ears
, to
ensu
re th
at it
s cr
iteria
rem
ain
rele
vant
and
refle
ct s
take
hold
er u
nder
stan
ding
of
goo
d su
stai
nabi
lity p
ract
ices
. RSP
O e
xpec
ts to
ado
pt a
revi
sed
set o
f prin
cipl
es a
nd c
riter
ia b
y Nov
embe
r 20
18. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e re
visi
on w
ill fo
cus
on, i
nter
alia
, i) m
akin
g st
anda
rds
mor
e m
easu
rabl
e an
d ob
ject
ive,
ii)
the
incl
usio
n of
sm
allh
olde
rs, i
ii) de
fore
stat
ion;
iv) p
rodu
ct tr
acea
bilit
y, v)
hum
an a
nd la
bour
righ
ts, a
nd
vi) j
uris
dict
iona
l cer
tifica
tion
appr
oach
es (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
& N
ov.’1
6).
14IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
May
Glo
bal
Cer
tifica
tion
– co
mpl
ianc
e is
sues
: R
ecen
tly,
RSPO
has
tak
en a
ctio
n ag
ains
t sp
ecifi
c m
embe
rs f
or
alle
gedl
y vi
olat
ing
the
orga
niza
tion’
s co
des
of p
ract
ice.
In o
ne c
ase,
RSP
O c
laim
ed th
at a
mem
ber h
ad
viol
ated
com
mun
ity ri
ghts
by
not f
ollo
win
g th
e pr
oper
lega
l pro
cess
for o
btai
ning
land
from
an
indi
geno
us
grou
p, th
us re
com
men
ding
that
the
disp
uted
land
be
re-m
easu
red
for d
evel
opm
ent a
ppro
val w
ith b
ette
r co
mm
unity
par
ticip
atio
n, w
hile
the
com
pany
wou
ld re
nego
tiate
the
term
s fo
r pla
ntin
g oi
l pal
m o
n th
e la
nd.
In a
noth
er c
ase,
RSP
O c
laim
ed th
at a
mem
ber h
ad c
arrie
d ou
t defi
cien
t Hig
h C
onse
rvat
ion
Valu
e (H
CV)
as
sess
men
ts a
nd h
ad s
et a
side
inad
equa
te a
reas
to p
rote
ct H
CV
area
s, th
us re
ques
ting
the
conc
erne
d co
mpa
ny to
sus
pend
all
land
cle
arin
g op
erat
ions
. RSP
O a
lso
repr
oach
ed a
form
er m
embe
r for
its
alle
ged
dest
ruct
ion
of p
rimar
y fo
rest
. Civ
il so
ciet
y gr
oups
follo
win
g th
ese
disp
utes
vie
w th
em a
s im
porta
nt te
st
case
s fo
r RSP
O a
nd th
e or
gani
zatio
n’s
abilit
y to
uph
old
its o
wn
stan
dard
s an
d re
gula
tions
.
15IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Col
ombi
aC
ertifi
catio
n as
sist
ance
: Em
ulat
ing
sim
ilar e
fforts
in th
e Asi
an co
ntin
ent,
glob
al ag
ri-bu
sine
ss fir
m C
argi
ll has
la
unch
ed a
pro
gram
me
aim
ed a
t pro
mot
ing
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil p
rodu
ctio
n in
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
In p
artn
ersh
ip
with
a lo
cal t
radi
ng c
ompa
ny a
nd a
n in
tern
atio
nal n
on-p
rofit
org
aniza
tion,
the
com
pany
pla
ns to
sup
port
480
oil p
alm
sm
allh
olde
rs in
Col
ombi
a ov
er a
2-y
ear p
erio
d. R
epor
tedl
y, pa
rtici
patin
g fa
rmer
s w
ill re
ceiv
e di
rect
trai
ning
and
sup
port
on g
ood
agric
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
and
impr
oved
farm
man
agem
ent t
echn
ique
s,
cove
ring
the
area
s of
hea
lth, s
afet
y, an
d en
viro
nmen
tal/s
ocia
l im
pact
man
agem
ent.
Whi
le p
artic
ipan
ts a
re
expe
cted
to g
ain
impr
oved
acc
ess
to th
e gl
obal
mar
ket t
hrou
gh th
e ad
optio
n RS
PO p
rinci
ples
and
crit
eria
, th
e in
itiat
ive
is a
lso
mea
nt to
sup
port
Car
gill’s
obj
ectiv
e of
set
ting
up it
s ow
n, fu
lly tr
acea
ble
and
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil
supp
ly c
hain
by
2020
.
16IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Indo
nesi
aPr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
– c
ompa
ny lia
bilit
ies:
Indo
nesi
a’s
mai
n pa
lm o
il and
tim
ber a
ssoc
iatio
ns a
re s
eeki
ng,
via
a ju
dici
al re
view
, to
redu
ce th
eir l
iabi
lity
for fi
res
that
occ
ur o
n th
eir l
and,
and
to b
an s
lash
-and
-bur
n pr
actic
es b
y sm
all f
arm
ers.
The
initi
ativ
e is
link
ed to
ong
oing
dis
cuss
ions
ove
r who
bea
rs re
spon
sibi
lity
for
the
fires
that
occ
ur a
nnua
lly a
cros
s th
e co
untry
whe
n pe
atla
nd is
dra
ined
to d
evel
op o
il pa
lm a
nd ti
mbe
r pl
anta
tions
. Rep
orte
dly,
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soci
al a
dvoc
acy g
roup
s are
def
endi
ng th
e re
gula
tions
con
test
ed
by th
e in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
ns, p
oint
ing
out t
hat,
as fa
r as
sm
all f
arm
ers
are
conc
erne
d, a
the
prop
osed
ban
on
trad
ition
al la
nd c
lear
ing
met
hods
wou
ld p
ose
thre
ats
to in
dige
nous
peo
ple
who
se li
velih
oods
dep
end
on a
gric
ultu
re.
50 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
17IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
Glo
bal t
rade
in c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ct:
The
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (R
SPO
), th
e w
orld
’s pr
inci
pal
priv
ate
entit
y fo
r vol
unta
ry c
ertifi
catio
n of
sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il, in
form
ed th
at p
hysi
cal s
ales
of
certi
fied
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil
have
see
n a
43 p
erce
nt ri
se in
the
first
five
mon
ths
of 2
017,
com
pare
d w
ith
the
sam
e pe
riod
last
yea
r. Re
porte
dly,
the
incr
ease
was
par
ticul
ar e
vide
nt w
ithin
the
‘iden
tity
pres
erve
d’ a
nd
‘mas
s ba
lanc
e’ s
uppl
y ch
ains
. By
cont
rast
, sal
es th
roug
h th
e ‘B
ook&
Cla
im’ c
hain
mod
el (w
hich
byp
asse
s th
e ph
ysic
al s
uppl
y ch
ain
and
thus
con
tribu
tes
only
ind
irect
ly t
o su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion)
has
see
n a
sign
ifica
nt c
ontra
ctio
n la
st y
ear.
RSPO
sai
d it
will
clos
ely
mon
itor t
he o
n-go
ing
shift
bet
wee
n ce
rtific
atio
n m
etho
ds, b
ecau
se th
e ‘B
ook&
Cla
im’ m
echa
nism
pla
ys a
fund
amen
tal r
ole
in li
nkin
g gr
ower
s w
ho d
o no
t ha
ve a
cces
s to
the
phys
ical
sup
ply
chai
n to
the
mar
ket f
or c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ce. M
eanw
hile
, the
issu
e th
at to
tal
supp
lies
of c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ce s
igni
fican
tly e
xcee
d ac
tual
sal
es p
ersi
sts:
the
late
st s
ales
sta
tistic
s su
gges
t th
at ro
ughl
y ha
lf of
the
avai
labl
e ce
rtifie
d su
pply
doe
s no
t find
a b
uyer
and
is s
old
as c
onve
ntio
nal p
alm
oil,
i.e
. with
out f
etch
ing
a pr
ice
prem
ium
.
18IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
Cer
tifica
tion
– ch
ildre
n’s
right
s: A
rece
ntly
sig
ned
MoU
bet
wee
n RS
PO a
nd th
e U
nite
d N
atio
ns C
hild
ren’
s Fu
nd (U
NIC
EF) a
ims
at c
hang
ing
busi
ness
pra
ctic
es o
n ch
ildre
n’s
right
s an
d w
orke
rs’ w
elfa
re in
the
palm
oil
sect
or. T
he in
itiat
ive
envi
sage
s jo
int w
orkp
lace
pro
gram
mes
on
the
right
s of
chi
ldre
n an
d w
orki
ng fa
milie
s,
whi
le R
SPO
als
o co
mm
itted
to ra
isin
g aw
aren
ess
amon
gst m
embe
rs a
nd m
ains
tream
ing
child
righ
ts in
to
its s
usta
inab
ility
stan
dard
s.
19IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
Mon
itorin
g pr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
: RS
PO p
artn
ered
with
the
Wor
ld R
esou
rces
Inst
itute
(WRI
) to
crea
te
“Geo
RSPO
”, an
inte
ract
ive
map
ping
pla
tform
feat
urin
g co
nces
sion
map
s su
bmitt
ed b
y gr
ower
mem
bers
–
over
laid
with
out
side
info
rmat
ion
on tr
ee c
over
, top
ogra
phy,
past
fire
occ
urre
nce
and
new
fire
ale
rts. T
he
syst
em is
des
crib
ed a
s a
pow
erfu
l ana
lytic
al to
ol to
mon
itor d
evel
opm
ents
on
RSPO
mem
bers
’ pal
m o
il co
nces
sion
s. (S
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jul
y’16
on
a co
mpa
rabl
e in
itiat
ive.)
20IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
Mar
ketin
g st
rate
gies
– li
tigat
ion
case
: C
onfe
ctio
nary
gro
up F
erre
ro –
kno
wn
for i
ts h
azel
nut-c
ocoa
spr
ead
‘Nut
ella
’ tha
t use
s pa
lm o
il as
an
ingr
edie
nt –
has
won
a c
ourt
case
aga
inst
food
reta
iler D
elha
ize, w
ho
clai
med
that
its
rival
pal
m o
il-fre
e sp
read
was
hea
lthie
r and
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e th
an s
prea
ds c
onta
inin
g pa
lm
oil.
The
rulin
g is
sued
by
the
Belg
ian
Cou
rt of
App
eal s
tate
s th
at th
e re
taile
r’s c
laim
s w
ere
“unv
erifi
able
, un
subs
tant
iate
d by
fact
-bas
ed c
laim
s, a
nd th
eref
ore
not o
bjec
tive”
in re
latio
n to
bot
h en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd
heal
th a
llega
tions
mad
e ag
ains
t pal
m o
il.
21IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Glo
bal
Resp
onsi
ble
lend
ing
polic
ies:
La
st y
ear,
soci
al s
ocie
ty g
roup
s ur
ged
glob
al le
ndin
g in
stitu
tions
and
in
vest
ors
to p
lay
a m
ore
prom
inen
t rol
e in
per
suad
ing
clie
nts
oper
atin
g in
the
oil p
alm
bus
ines
s to
ado
pt
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n pr
actic
es (
see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6 &
Feb.
’17)
. Su
bseq
uent
ly, i
nter
natio
nal
lend
ing
inst
itutio
n H
SBC
car
ried
out a
revi
ew o
f its
loan
pol
icie
s fo
r the
pal
m o
il sec
tor,
even
tual
ly a
dopt
ing
stric
ter
stan
dard
s to
pro
tect
prim
ary
fore
sts
and
peat
land
(see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
7). A
ccor
ding
to re
cent
med
ia re
ports
, in
Jul
y 20
17, t
he n
amed
ban
k tri
gger
ed a
pro
be in
to a
clie
nt p
alm
oil
com
pany
ove
r spe
cific
def
ores
tatio
n al
lega
tions
. RSP
O, t
he in
dust
ry st
anda
rds s
ettin
g bo
dy to
whi
ch b
oth
the
bank
and
the
conc
erne
d co
mpa
ny
are
mem
bers
, rec
ently
ope
ned
an in
vest
igat
ion
over
cla
ims
that
the
con
cern
ed c
ompa
ny w
as r
eady
to
clea
r 18
000
hec
tare
s of
prim
ary
fore
st in
Pap
ua (I
ndon
esia
) to
set
up a
new
oil
palm
pla
ntat
ion.
The
m
ove
is m
eant
to e
nsur
e th
at th
e RS
PO’s
sust
aina
bilit
y st
anda
rds
are
obse
rved
. Rep
orte
dly,
RSPO
adv
ised
th
e co
mpa
ny t
o su
spen
d al
l fur
ther
dev
elop
men
t on
the
con
cern
ed c
once
ssio
n pe
ndin
g th
e ag
ency
’s in
depe
nden
t ass
essm
ent.
Mea
nwhi
le, f
ollo
win
g H
SBC
’s ex
ampl
e, s
ever
al o
ther
ban
ks s
tarte
d m
ovin
g to
ad
opt
stric
ter
lend
ing
polic
ies
base
d on
“no
def
ores
tatio
n–no
pea
t–no
exp
loita
tion”
com
mitm
ents
, th
e m
edia
repo
rted.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 51
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
22IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Augu
stG
loba
lC
ertifi
catio
n in
itiat
ive:
An
inde
pend
ent c
ertifi
catio
n sc
hem
e, th
e In
tern
atio
nal P
alm
Oil
Free
Cer
tifica
tion
Accr
edita
tion
Prog
ram
me
(PO
FCAP
), ha
s be
en la
unch
ed to
allo
w in
tere
sted
food
mak
ers
to d
emon
stra
te
that
thei
r pro
duct
s w
ere
man
ufac
ture
d w
ithou
t usi
ng p
alm
oil o
r pal
m o
il der
ivat
ives
. The
new
sch
eme
was
de
velo
ped
to re
spon
d to
gro
win
g co
nsum
er d
eman
d fo
r tra
nspa
renc
y ov
er th
e us
e of
pal
m o
il in
proc
esse
d fo
ods.
Rep
orte
dly,
POFC
AP h
as b
een
appr
oved
by
regu
lato
rs in
Aus
tralia
and
the
UK,
whi
le a
pplic
atio
ns
are
still
pend
ing
in s
ever
al o
ther
cou
ntrie
s. P
OFC
AP b
ars
com
pani
es fr
om u
sing
lang
uage
impl
ying
that
PO
FCAP
reco
mm
ends
a g
iven
pro
duct
ove
r com
petin
g pr
oduc
ts.
23IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rIn
dia
Prom
otio
n of
sus
tain
able
pro
duct
ion
& ce
rtific
atio
n:
The
inte
rnat
iona
l NG
O S
olid
arid
ad N
etw
ork,
in
asso
ciat
ion
with
Indi
a’s
Solv
ent
Extra
ctor
s’ A
ssoc
iatio
n (th
e co
untry
’s na
tiona
l veg
etab
le o
il pr
oduc
tion
and
trade
ass
ocia
tion)
has
laun
ched
the
‘Indi
an P
alm
Oil
Sust
aina
bilit
y’ fr
amew
ork,
IPO
S. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e in
itiat
ive
is b
acke
d by
the
Indi
an G
over
nmen
t and
enj
oys
the
supp
ort o
f the
Indi
an In
stitu
te o
f Oil
Palm
Re
sear
ch (I
IOPR
). Th
e pr
ojec
t’s o
bjec
tive
is to
stim
ulat
e do
mes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n of
and
trad
e in
sus
tain
able
pa
lm o
il. D
evel
oped
in c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith k
ey s
take
hold
ers
acro
ss th
e co
untry
, the
IPO
S fra
mew
ork
cons
ists
of
a s
et o
f env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial s
tand
ards
app
licab
le t
o In
dian
con
ditio
ns. I
POS
will
be t
aske
d to
: (i)
pro
mot
e th
e ad
optio
n of
sus
tain
able
pra
ctic
es a
cros
s th
e su
pply
cha
in;
(ii) a
ssis
t st
akeh
olde
rs i
n ac
hiev
ing
com
plia
nce
with
app
licab
le n
atio
nal/i
nter
natio
nal r
egul
atio
ns a
nd v
olun
tary
cod
es; a
nd (i
ii) fo
ster
ha
rmon
izatio
n w
ith o
ther
rela
ted
initi
ativ
es in
Asi
a. T
he p
rogr
amm
e w
ill be
gov
erne
d by
a m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
natio
nal p
latfo
rm.
24IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rIn
dia,
glo
bal
Resp
onsi
ble
sour
cing
com
mitm
ents
: Th
e W
WF
rele
ased
a re
port
that
hig
hlig
hts
the
criti
cal r
ole
Indi
an
com
pani
es c
ould
pla
y in
pro
mot
ing
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n pr
actic
es in
oil
palm
gro
win
g co
untri
es. I
ndia
is
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est
cons
umer
of
palm
oil,
with
virt
ually
all
of it
impo
rted
from
Sou
thea
st A
sia.
Whi
le
awar
enes
s le
vels
on
sust
aina
bilit
y is
sues
is r
isin
g, t
he In
dian
indu
stry
’s up
take
of
certi
fied
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil r
emai
ns lim
ited,
acc
ordi
ng to
WW
F’s
repo
rt. T
he o
rgan
izatio
n re
com
men
ds a
set
of a
ppro
ache
s to
pr
omot
e re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng, d
raw
ing
on c
onst
ruct
ive
indu
stry
eng
agem
ent.
Prop
osed
sol
utio
ns in
clud
e:
(i) s
yste
mat
ic s
cree
ning
of p
alm
oil
supp
liers
; (ii)
fost
erin
g in
dust
ry c
olla
bora
tion
thro
ugh
an in
dust
ry fo
rum
ac
ross
the
valu
e ch
ain;
(iii)
tariff
-bas
ed p
olic
y m
easu
res;
(iv)
pro
mot
ing
sust
aina
bilit
y fra
mew
orks
suc
h as
RS
PO; a
nd (v
) cal
ling
for d
efor
esta
tion-
free
portf
olio
s by
lend
ing
inst
itutio
ns.
25IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rIn
done
sia
Resp
onsi
ble
prod
uctio
n pl
edge
: Ac
cord
ing
to m
edia
rep
orts
, a la
rge
oil p
alm
com
pany
sta
ted
that
it
wou
ld e
ndea
vor t
o re
habi
litat
e pe
atla
nd it
rece
ntly
dev
elop
ed in
Indo
nesi
a to
pla
nt o
il pa
lm. T
he e
xten
t of
the
area
con
cern
ed w
as n
ot d
iscl
osed
. So
far,
the
firm
per
man
ently
dis
cont
inue
d la
nd d
evel
opm
ent w
ork
in t
he c
once
rned
con
cess
ions
and
am
ende
d its
cor
pora
te s
usta
inab
ility
polic
y by
ban
ning
all
peat
land
de
velo
pmen
t irre
spec
tive
of w
hen
the
land
s w
ere
acqu
ired.
Soc
ial s
ocie
ty g
roup
s w
elco
med
the
initi
ativ
e an
d en
cour
aged
the
com
pany
to
draw
up
and
impl
emen
t a
time-
boun
d ac
tion
plan
to
deliv
er o
n its
co
mm
itmen
t. (S
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’16
on p
ublic
pea
tland
rest
orat
ion
effor
ts in
Indo
nesia
.)
52 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
26IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rM
alay
sia,
Si
ngap
ore,
glo
bal
Mon
itorin
g re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng c
omm
itmen
ts: W
hile
man
y pal
m o
il buy
ers a
re a
war
e of
the
impo
rtanc
e of
us
ing
sust
aina
bly
prod
uced
pal
m o
il, o
nly
a fe
w b
usin
esse
s ar
e en
gage
d in
hel
ping
to re
duce
def
ores
tatio
n an
d ot
her
adve
rse
prac
tices
foun
d in
oil
palm
, cla
imed
the
Wor
ld W
ildlif
e Fu
nd (W
WF)
. Acc
ordi
ng t
o a
surv
ey o
f pal
m o
il-bu
ying
food
and
rest
aura
nt c
hain
s co
nduc
ted
by W
WF
in M
alay
sia
and
Sing
apor
e, th
e m
ajor
ity o
f sur
veye
d co
mpa
nies
wer
e no
t tra
nspa
rent
abo
ut th
eir p
alm
oil u
se, a
nd s
ever
al b
usin
esse
s ha
d ta
ken
no a
ctio
n to
sup
port
the
use
of s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil –
suc
h as
buy
ing
prod
uce
certi
fied
by R
SPO
(the
Ro
undt
able
on
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
Oil).
At t
he s
ame
time,
a n
umbe
r of c
ompa
nies
wen
t bey
ond
the
RSPO
cr
iteria
, com
mitt
ing
to e
limin
ate
the
dest
ruct
ion
of a
ny k
ind
of fo
rest
from
thei
r sup
ply
chai
ns. R
epor
tedl
y, co
mpa
nies
cite
d th
e co
st o
f so
urci
ng c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil
as w
ell a
s a
lack
of
cons
umer
aw
aren
ess
and
dem
and
for c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ce a
s re
ason
s fo
r not
buy
ing
certi
fied
palm
oil.
WW
F al
so re
porte
d th
at n
on-
disc
losu
re a
nd la
ck o
f act
ion
seem
s to
be
high
er a
t the
regi
onal
leve
l tha
n am
ong
glob
al b
rand
s. W
WF
is
cond
uctin
g bu
yers
’ sur
veys
sin
ce 2
009,
with
the
obje
ctiv
e of
enc
oura
ging
com
pani
es to
mov
e gr
adua
lly
tow
ards
mor
e re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng p
ract
ices
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’0
9).
27IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lRe
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng c
omm
itmen
ts:
Acco
rdin
g to
the
late
st s
usta
inab
ility
repo
rt pu
blis
hed
by fo
od a
nd
drin
ks c
ompa
ny P
epsiC
o, th
e gl
obal
bus
ines
s fir
m d
oubl
ed th
e vo
lum
e of
its
palm
oil
that
is s
usta
inab
ly
sour
ced,
from
8 p
erce
nt in
201
5 to
16
perc
ent l
ast y
ear –
whi
ch, h
owev
er, c
ompa
res
to a
targ
et o
f del
iver
ing
100
perc
ent s
usta
inab
ly s
ourc
ed p
alm
oil b
y 20
20. T
he c
ompa
ny a
lso
conc
eded
that
non
e of
its
resp
onsi
bly
sour
ced
raw
mat
eria
ls h
ave
been
ver
ified
as
sust
aina
ble
by a
third
par
ty –
des
pite
the
com
pany
’s ta
rget
of
secu
ring
100
per c
ent t
hird
-par
ty v
erifi
catio
n by
202
0.
28IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lC
ompa
ring
certi
ficat
ion
sche
mes
: C
ivil
soci
ety
grou
p Fo
rest
Peo
ples
Pro
gram
me
publ
ishe
d a
stud
y co
mpa
ring
the
wor
ld’s
prin
cipa
l pal
m o
il su
stai
nabi
lity
stan
dard
s ba
sed
on a
det
aile
d as
sess
men
t of t
heir
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial r
equi
rem
ents
. In
addi
tion
to h
ighl
ight
ing
area
s of
com
mon
ality
and
diff
eren
ce, t
he
repo
rt dr
aws
atte
ntio
n to
alle
ged
gaps
in e
ach
stan
dard
.
29IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lRe
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng c
omm
itmen
ts:
Fur
ther
to
its c
omm
itmen
t to
exc
lusi
vely
pur
chas
e pa
lm a
nd
palm
kern
el o
il cer
tified
by
the
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (RS
PO),
Ger
man
ole
oche
mic
al c
ompa
ny
BASF
rece
ntly
join
ed th
e Fo
rum
for
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
Oil
(FO
NAP
), w
hose
prin
cipa
l goa
l is
to r
aise
the
prop
ortio
n of
cer
tified
pro
duct
s in
the
Ger
man
, Aus
trian
and
Sw
iss
mar
ket.
30IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lC
ertifi
catio
n as
sist
ance
: In
add
ition
to it
s pl
edge
to b
uy o
nly
certi
fied
palm
and
pal
mke
rnel
oil,
Ger
man
ch
emic
al a
nd c
onsu
mer
goo
ds c
ompa
ny H
enke
l par
tner
ed w
ith in
tern
atio
nal N
GO
Sol
idar
idad
to p
rom
ote
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil
prod
uctio
n am
ong
smal
lhol
der f
arm
ers
in C
olom
bia.
Und
er th
e jo
int i
nitia
tive,
sm
all
prod
ucer
s re
ceiv
e tra
inin
g on
met
hods
to im
prov
e pr
oduc
tivity
, red
uce
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
and
mov
e to
war
ds c
ertifi
catio
n.
31IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Dece
mbe
rN
orth
Am
eric
aRe
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng in
itiat
ive:
The
Rou
ndta
ble
on S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil (
RSPO
) ann
ounc
ed th
e fo
rmat
ion
of th
e N
orth
Am
eric
an P
alm
Oil N
etw
ork (
NAS
PON
). Re
porte
dly,
in a
n eff
ort t
o ac
cele
rate
col
labo
ratio
n w
ithin
th
e m
arke
t, N
ASPO
N’s
mis
sion
will
be to
edu
cate
and
ass
ist N
orth
Am
eric
an c
ompa
nies
in m
akin
g an
d de
liver
ing
on c
omm
itmen
ts to
sou
rce
sust
aina
bly
prod
uced
pal
m o
il. T
he n
ewly
form
ed c
oalit
ion
com
pris
es
indu
stry
ass
ocia
tions
, civ
il soc
iety
gro
ups,
con
sum
er g
oods
man
ufac
ture
rs, f
ood-
serv
ice
reta
ilers
and
pal
m
oil t
rade
rs.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 53
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
32IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Dece
mbe
rG
loba
lC
ertifi
catio
n –
impa
ct o
n pr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
: A
gro
up o
f U
.S.
rese
arch
ers
repo
rted
on e
fforts
to
mea
sure
the
actu
al e
ffect
of s
usta
inab
ility
certi
ficat
ion
on d
efor
esta
tion
and
fire
with
in o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
ns
in In
done
sia.
The
ana
lysi
s of
dat
a of
RSP
O-c
ertifi
ed a
nd n
on-c
ertifi
ed o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
ns fo
r the
200
1–20
15 p
erio
d su
gges
ts th
at c
ertifi
catio
n si
gnifi
cant
ly re
duce
d de
fore
stat
ion
amon
g pa
rtici
patin
g pl
anta
tions
, bu
t not
fire
occ
urre
nce
or c
lear
ance
of c
arbo
n-ric
h pe
atla
nd. M
oreo
ver,
it em
erge
d th
at c
ertifi
catio
n w
as
mos
tly a
dopt
ed in
old
er p
lant
atio
ns th
at c
ompr
ised
little
rem
aini
ng fo
rest
and
, con
sequ
ently
, the
act
ual a
rea
cons
erve
d ap
pear
s to
be
rath
er s
mal
l. Th
e st
udy
conc
lude
s th
at c
ertifi
catio
n sc
hem
es h
ave
the
pote
ntia
l to
cont
ribut
e to
the
prot
ectio
n of
end
ange
red
tropi
cal f
ores
ts. H
owev
er, b
road
er a
dopt
ion
of c
ertifi
catio
n by
oil
palm
gro
wer
s –
targ
etin
g es
peci
ally
oil
palm
com
pani
es th
at d
evel
op fo
rest
fron
tiers
as
oppo
sed
to th
ose
wor
king
with
wel
l-est
ablis
hed
plan
tatio
ns –
is li
kely
nee
ded
for p
alm
oil
certi
ficat
ion
to re
sult
in m
eani
ngfu
l pr
otec
tion
of to
tal f
ores
t are
a, th
e st
udy
says
.
33IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Janu
ary
Braz
il, E
urop
ean
Uni
on
Resp
onsi
ble
supp
ly c
hain
: Ba
cked
by
a ci
vil s
ocie
ty g
roup
that
pro
mot
es s
usta
inab
le tr
ade
initi
ativ
es,
four
ass
ocia
tions
rep
rese
ntin
g Br
azilia
n so
ybea
n pr
oduc
ers
and
Euro
pean
soy
buy
ers
have
sig
ned
a m
emor
andu
m o
f und
erst
andi
ng in
supp
ort o
f res
pons
ible
soy p
rodu
ctio
n in
Bra
zil a
nd it
s mar
ket a
ccep
tanc
e in
Eur
ope.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
initi
ativ
e w
ill su
ppor
t the
Bra
zilia
n Fo
rest
Cod
e’s
obje
ctiv
e of
pre
serv
ing
natu
ral
habi
tats
by
prom
otin
g su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
on
soy
farm
s w
hils
t saf
egua
rdin
g co
mm
unity
righ
ts
in ru
ral a
reas
. All fi
ve p
artie
s ex
plic
itly
reco
gnize
d th
e co
mpl
emen
tarit
y of
exi
stin
g re
spon
sibl
e so
y in
itiat
ives
in
Eur
ope
and
Braz
il.
34IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
May
Braz
ilSo
ybea
n m
orat
oriu
m: A
ccor
ding
to a
stud
y joi
ntly
con
duct
ed b
y res
earc
hers
in B
razil
and
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Braz
il’s v
olun
tary
mor
ator
ium
– w
hich
ban
ned
the
purc
hasi
ng a
nd fi
nanc
ing
of s
oybe
ans
prod
uced
on
illega
lly c
lear
ed la
nd in
the
Amaz
on b
iom
e – h
as b
een
mor
e eff
ectiv
e th
an p
revi
ousl
y con
side
red.
Rep
orte
dly,
fore
st c
over
loss
dec
lined
sha
rply
afte
r the
mea
sure
’s in
trodu
ctio
n in
200
6. R
epor
tedl
y, de
fore
stat
ion
is s
till
ongo
ing,
but
it h
as s
low
ed d
own
cons
ider
ably,
and
less
of t
he d
efor
este
d la
nd is
bei
ng u
sed
for s
oybe
an
prod
uctio
n. E
xten
ded
regu
larly
sin
ce it
s in
trodu
ctio
n, th
e m
orat
oriu
m w
as re
new
ed in
defin
itely
in M
ay 2
016
(see
MPP
U J
une’
16).T
he in
itiat
ive
is s
uppo
rted
by a
mul
ti-st
akeh
olde
r coa
litio
n th
at b
rings
toge
ther
the
priv
ate
sect
or, e
nviro
nmen
tal N
GO
s gr
oups
and
the
Braz
ilian
gove
rnm
ent.
35IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
May
Braz
il, E
urop
ean
Uni
onRe
spon
sibl
e su
pply
cha
in:
A gr
oup
of B
razil
ian
and
EU in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
ns jo
ined
forc
es to
sup
port
the
prod
uctio
n (in
Bra
zil) a
nd m
arke
t acc
epta
nce
(in th
e EU
) of “
resp
onsi
ble
soy”
, i.e
. soy
bean
pro
duce
d in
ac
cord
ance
with
spe
cific
env
ironm
enta
l, so
cial
and
fina
ncia
l prin
cipl
es a
nd c
riter
ia. T
he g
roup
’s ob
ject
ives
in
clud
e in
volv
ing
Euro
pean
soy
use
rs i
n th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
too
ls t
hat
allo
w c
ompe
nsat
ing
Braz
ilian
prod
ucer
s fo
r the
ir en
viro
nmen
tal s
ervi
ces.
36IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Dece
mbe
rBr
azil
Resp
onsi
ble
prod
uctio
n pr
actic
es:
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e Br
azilia
n oi
lsee
d in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
n, A
BIO
VE,
grow
ing
soyb
ean
culti
vatio
n ha
s no
t bee
n a
sign
ifica
nt d
river
beh
ind
defo
rest
atio
n in
the
Amaz
on b
asin
. Th
e fin
ding
is b
ased
on
rece
ntly
rel
ease
d G
over
nmen
t m
ater
ial p
rovi
ding
sat
ellit
e im
ager
y of
soy
bean
pr
oduc
tion
in th
e Am
azon
bio
me.
Alle
gedl
y, du
ring
the
last
dec
ade,
soy
bean
farm
ing
only
acc
ount
ed fo
r 1.
2 pe
rcen
t of t
otal
def
ores
tatio
n in
the
area
– a
circ
umst
ance
that
is li
nked
to th
e la
unch
of t
he B
razil
ian
Soy
Mor
ator
ium
in 2
006
and
to im
prov
emen
ts in
pub
lic e
nviro
nmen
tal g
over
nanc
e. R
epor
tedl
y, al
thou
gh
the
area
pla
nted
with
soy
con
tinue
d to
rise
stro
ngly,
the
expa
nsio
n oc
curre
d pr
imar
ily o
n fo
rmer
pas
ture
land
an
d ar
eas
clea
red
prio
r to
the
intro
duct
ion
of s
trict
def
ores
tatio
n lim
its. T
he B
razil
ian
Soy
Mor
ator
ium
ban
s th
e tra
ding
and
fina
ncin
g of
soy
bean
s gr
own
on la
nd il
lega
lly c
lear
ed in
the
Amaz
on re
gion
. The
vol
unta
ry
initi
ativ
e is
sup
porte
d by
a m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der c
oalit
ion
brin
ging
toge
ther
the
priv
ate
sect
or, N
GO
s an
d th
e go
vern
men
t.
54 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
37IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
coco
nut
July
Philip
pine
s,
Indo
nesi
aC
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le c
ocon
ut:
Bac
ked
by t
he G
over
nmen
t of
Ger
man
y, th
e G
erm
an A
genc
y fo
r In
tern
atio
nal C
oope
ratio
n (G
IZ) j
oine
d fo
rces
with
priv
ate
cons
umer
goo
d fir
m P
&G, c
hem
ical
com
pany
BA
SF a
nd a
gri-t
rade
firm
Car
gill t
o en
hanc
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
of c
ocon
ut o
il in
the
Philip
pine
s an
d In
done
sia.
Th
e in
itiat
ive
is a
imed
at e
stab
lishi
ng c
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le c
ocon
ut s
uppl
y ch
ains
in th
e re
gion
s of
Sou
ther
n M
inda
nao
and
Sout
hern
Ley
te (P
hilip
pine
s), a
nd A
mur
ang
and
Nor
th S
ulaw
esi (
Indo
nesi
a). W
orki
ng w
ith
smal
lhol
der
farm
ers,
the
proj
ect w
ill fo
cus
on g
ood
agric
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
, int
ercr
oppi
ng, e
nhan
ced
farm
m
anag
emen
t sk
ills, a
nd t
he c
reat
ion
of c
oope
rativ
es. S
elec
ted
farm
ers
will
also
rec
eive
tra
inin
g on
the
Su
stai
nabl
e Ag
ricul
tura
l Net
wor
k (S
AN) s
tand
ards
, with
a vi
ew to
faci
litat
e ap
plic
atio
n fo
r Rai
nfor
est A
llianc
e ce
rtific
atio
n. W
hile
GIZ
wou
ld fo
cus
on th
e pr
ovis
ion
of te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e, C
argi
ll w
ill be
in c
harg
e of
pr
oduc
tion,
whi
le P
&G a
nd B
ASF
wou
ld s
ecur
e ac
cess
to th
e pe
rson
al c
are,
nut
ritio
n an
d he
alth
pro
duct
s m
arke
t.38
INDU
STRY
STA
NDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e fis
hoil/
mea
lJa
nuar
yG
loba
lFi
shoi
l/mea
l – in
tern
atio
nal p
rodu
ctio
n st
anda
rds:
IFF
O,th
e or
gani
zatio
n th
at re
pres
ents
and
pro
mot
es
the
fishm
eal,
fisho
il an
d w
ider
mar
ine
ingr
edie
nts
indu
stry
wor
ldw
ide,
has
laun
ched
a tw
o-m
onth
pub
lic
cons
ulta
tion
on it
s re
vise
d Re
spon
sibl
e Su
pply
sta
ndar
d fo
r fish
ery
and
fact
ory
asse
ssm
ents
. The
pur
pose
of
the
revi
sion
is to
pro
mot
e m
ore
resp
onsi
ble
fishe
ry m
anag
emen
t and
furth
er re
duce
the
envi
ronm
enta
l an
d so
cial
impa
ct o
f the
fish
mea
l and
fish
oil m
anuf
actu
ring
proc
ess.
39IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
fisho
il/m
eal
July
Glo
bal
Cer
tified
res
pons
ible
fish
oil/m
eal:
The
Mar
ine
Ingr
edie
nts
Org
anis
atio
n (IF
FO),
whi
ch r
epre
sent
s th
e gl
obal
fish
mea
l, fis
h oi
l and
mar
ine
ingr
edie
nts
indu
stry
, rev
ised
its
glob
al s
tand
ard
for r
espo
nsib
le s
uppl
y of
mar
ine
raw
mat
eria
ls to
mai
ntai
n its
rele
vanc
e, c
redi
bilit
y an
d ac
cess
ibilit
y to
all c
urre
nt a
nd p
rosp
ectiv
e pr
oduc
ers.
Lau
nche
d in
200
9, th
e sta
ndar
d is
impl
emen
ted
via a
volu
ntar
y bus
ines
s-to
-bus
ines
s cer
tifica
tion
prog
ram
me
aim
ed a
t gua
rant
eein
g th
at m
arin
e ra
w m
ater
ials
use
d fo
r fee
d, fo
od a
nd n
utra
ceut
ical
pur
pose
s ar
e re
spon
sibl
y so
urce
d an
d m
anuf
actu
red.
40IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Food
pro
duct
sM
ayC
hina
Gro
undn
ut o
il au
then
ticat
ion:
Chi
nese
rese
arch
ers
pres
ente
d a
new
ana
lytic
al m
etho
d fo
r det
ectin
g fra
ud
in g
roun
dnut
oil.
Bas
ed o
n lo
w-fi
eld
nucl
ear m
agne
tic re
sona
nce
and
chem
omet
rics,
the
new
tech
niqu
e is
sai
d to
elim
inat
e th
e sa
mpl
e pr
e-tre
atm
ent s
tep,
thus
allo
win
g to
det
ect a
dulte
ratio
n of
gro
undn
ut o
il w
ith o
ther
veg
etab
le o
ils in
a s
ingl
e 5-
min
ute
anal
ysis
. Gro
undn
ut o
il is
a m
ajor
edi
ble
oil i
n C
hina
, alo
ng
with
soy
bean
and
rape
seed
oil.
Bei
ng m
ore
expe
nsiv
e th
an th
e ot
her t
wo
oils
, it i
s pr
one
to a
dulte
ratio
n by
un
scru
pulo
us d
eale
rs.
41IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Food
pro
duct
sM
ayVa
nuat
u, N
ew
Zeal
and
Cer
tified
org
anic
coc
onut
oil:
A
coco
nut
oil p
rodu
cer
and
expo
rter
of V
anua
tu h
as a
chie
ved
certi
fied
orga
nic
stat
us w
ith c
ertif
ying
com
pany
Bio
Gro
in N
ew Z
eala
nd. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e Bi
oGro
cer
tifica
tion
labe
l is
wid
ely
reco
gnize
d in
New
Zea
land
– V
anua
tu’s
top
expo
rt m
arke
t – a
s w
ell a
s el
sew
here
in th
e re
gion
.42
INDU
STRY
STA
NDA
RDS
– Fo
od p
rodu
cts
June
Tuni
sia,
Jap
anO
live
oil –
pro
vena
nce
bran
ding
: Ac
cord
ing
to a
team
of J
apan
ese
and
Tuni
sian
rese
arch
ers
(sup
porte
d by
Jap
an’s
Scie
nce
and
Tech
nolo
gy R
esea
rch
Partn
ersh
ip fo
r Sus
tain
able
Dev
elop
men
t, SA
TREP
S), o
ils
prod
uced
from
Tun
isia
n ol
ive
varie
ties
are
exce
ptio
nally
ric
h in
nat
ural
ant
i-oxi
dant
s an
d an
ti-al
lerg
ens,
po
tent
ially
impl
ying
a s
uper
ior
heal
th p
rofil
e. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e Ja
pan
Inte
rnat
iona
l Coo
pera
tion
Agen
cy
(JIC
A) c
urre
ntly
end
eavo
urs
to p
rovi
de th
e ne
cess
ary
cond
ition
s to
laun
ch a
Tuni
sian
oliv
e oi
l labe
l in J
apan
.43
INDU
STRY
STA
NDA
RDS
– Fo
od p
rodu
cts
Augu
stEu
rope
an U
nion
O
live
oil a
uthe
ntic
atio
n:
‘Ole
um’,
a fo
ur-y
ear p
roje
ct s
uppo
rted
by th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
’s H
orizo
n 20
20
Rese
arch
and
Inno
vatio
n Pr
ogra
mm
e, e
nter
ed it
s se
cond
yea
r of i
mpl
emen
tatio
n. T
he in
itiat
ive
is a
imed
at
bette
r gua
rant
eein
g ol
ive
oil q
ualit
y an
d au
then
ticity
by
empo
wer
ing
dete
ctio
n an
d fo
ster
ing
prev
entio
n of
ol
ive
oil f
raud
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
cons
ortiu
m o
f 20
inte
rnat
iona
l par
tner
s ha
s id
entifi
ed k
now
ledg
e ga
ps in
four
ar
eas
that
the
proj
ect w
ill ad
dres
s: le
gisl
atio
n an
d re
gula
tion;
ana
lysi
s; h
arm
oniza
tion
and
coor
dina
tion;
and
co
nsum
er a
nd m
arke
t con
fiden
ce.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 55
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
44IN
DUST
RY S
TAN
DARD
S –
Food
pro
duct
sSe
ptem
ber
Aust
ralia
Oliv
e oi
l – p
rove
nanc
e br
andi
ng:
Aust
ralia
’s ol
ive
oil in
dust
ry is
exp
lorin
g a
prov
enan
ce-b
rand
ing
initi
ativ
e to
bet
ter
mar
ket
the
coun
try’s
dive
rse
extra
virg
in o
live
oils
. C
urre
ntly,
Aus
tralia
’s ol
ive
oil
mar
ket
is
dom
inat
ed b
y hi
gh-v
olum
e bl
ende
d oi
ls im
porte
d fro
m E
urop
e. R
epor
tedl
y, 85
per
cent
of A
ustra
lia’s
extra
vi
rgin
oil
oliv
e pr
oduc
tion
com
e fro
m o
lives
gro
wn
in s
ingl
e gr
oves
. Con
side
ring
that
loca
tion
can
impa
ct
an o
il’s fl
avou
r and
che
mic
al p
rofil
e, th
e ne
w in
itiat
ive
is a
imed
at s
ettin
g up
an
appe
llatio
n sy
stem
, whi
ch
wou
ld (i
) ena
ble
cons
umer
s to
ass
ocia
te a
n oi
l with
a s
peci
fic re
gion
and
gro
wer
, and
(ii)
allo
w p
rodu
cers
to
ach
ieve
bet
ter p
rices
.45
INDU
STRY
STA
NDA
RDS
– Fo
od p
rodu
cts
Dece
mbe
rSp
ain
Palm
oil
– or
igin
iden
tifica
tion:
In
Spa
in, a
gro
up o
f sci
entis
ts c
laim
s to
hav
e de
velo
ped
a qu
ick
and
accu
rate
met
hod
to id
entif
y th
e ge
ogra
phic
al o
rigin
of p
alm
oil –
whi
ch, a
ccor
ding
to th
e gr
oup,
cou
ld h
elp
gove
rnm
ents
and
indu
stry
to
dete
ct o
ils f
raud
ulen
tly la
belle
d as
‘cer
tified
sus
tain
able
’. Re
porte
dly,
the
new
ly d
evel
oped
met
hod
com
bine
s liq
uid
chro
mat
ogra
phy
with
che
mom
etric
and
dat
a-fu
sion
stra
tegi
es.
46G
MO
ISSU
ESM
ayAu
stra
lia, C
hina
GM
cot
tons
eed
– re
gula
tory
app
rova
l: A
ccor
ding
to in
dust
ry c
ircle
s, th
e ab
senc
e of
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
val
for
GM
cot
tons
eed
varie
ty ‘
Bollg
ard3
’ in
Chi
na is
thr
eate
ning
Aus
tralia
’s co
ttons
eed
expo
rting
sec
tor.
Repo
rtedl
y, w
hen
the
new
var
iety
was
laun
ched
in A
ustra
lia la
st y
ear,
the
pate
nt o
wne
r mis
appr
ehen
ded
the
regu
lato
ry s
ituat
ion
in C
hina
.
47G
MO
ISSU
ESM
ayBr
azil
Non
-GM
soy
: In
crea
sed
prod
uctio
n of
con
vent
iona
l soy
bean
has
bee
n re
porte
d fro
m th
e st
ate
of M
ato
Gro
sso
in B
razil
. Whi
le, i
n th
e co
untry
as
who
le, G
M v
arie
ties
acco
unt f
or a
ppro
xim
atel
y 96
per
cent
of
outp
ut,
a ni
che
mar
ket
has
emer
ged
for
non-
GM
soy
in
Braz
il’s l
eadi
ng s
oybe
an-p
rodu
cing
sta
te.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e ne
w t
rend
is d
riven
by
prem
ia p
aid
for
conv
entio
nal v
arie
ties,
as
dem
and
for
GM
-free
pr
oduc
t is
on th
e ris
e (a
nd c
anno
t be
satis
fied
fully
) in
Euro
pe a
nd A
sia.
At p
rese
nt, t
he p
rem
ium
– w
hich
is
nee
ded
to c
ompe
nsat
e fa
rmer
s an
d tra
ders
for
addi
tiona
l cos
ts b
orne
to
prev
ent
non-
GM
soy
bean
s fro
m b
eing
con
tam
inat
ed w
ith G
M m
ater
ial –
is s
aid
to ra
nge
arou
nd B
RL 1
2 pe
r 60
kilo
gram
s sa
ck (o
r U
SD 6
1 pe
r to
nne)
. Enc
oura
ged
by s
uch
prem
ium
, far
mer
s co
uld
plan
t m
ore
non-
GM
soy
in 2
017/
18,
prov
ided
they
man
age
to s
ourc
e su
ffici
ent q
uant
ities
of s
eed.
Cur
rent
ly, c
onve
ntio
nal s
oybe
ans
acco
unt f
or
roug
hly
14 p
erce
nt o
f Mat
o G
ross
o’s
tota
l soy
out
put.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e re
ason
for n
on-G
M p
rodu
ctio
n be
ing
conc
entra
ted
in M
ato
Gro
sso
is th
at th
e st
ate
enjo
ys a
cces
s to
rece
ntly
ope
ned
ports
on
the
Amaz
on R
iver
th
at a
re s
peci
fical
ly e
quip
ped
to h
andl
e G
M a
nd n
on-G
M m
ater
ial s
epar
atel
y.
48G
MO
ISSU
ESJu
lyEu
rope
an U
nion
Non
-GM
soy
: G
loba
l ag
ri-tra
de c
ompa
ny A
DM e
xpan
ded
its c
apac
ity t
o cr
ush
non-
GM
soy
bean
s in
Ger
man
y. Re
porte
dly,
the
mov
e is
mea
nt to
hel
p th
e co
mpa
ny m
eet r
isin
g cu
stom
er d
eman
d as
the
Euro
pean
non
-GM
soy
bean
mar
ket c
ontin
ues
to e
xpan
d an
d re
flect
s AD
M’s
stra
tegy
to s
uppo
rt fa
rmer
s in
th
eir e
fforts
to ra
ise
loca
l soy
bean
pro
duct
ion
(see
also
rela
ted
item
und
er ‘S
ecto
r dev
elop
men
t mea
sure
s’
abov
e).
49G
MO
ISSU
ESAu
gust
Braz
ilN
on-G
M s
oy:
An a
llianc
e fo
r the
pro
mot
ion
of c
onve
ntio
nal,
non-
GM
soy
bean
s –
nam
ed S
oybe
an-F
ree
Inst
itute
– h
as b
een
laun
ched
in t
he s
tate
of
Mat
o G
ross
o, w
here
mos
t of
the
cou
ntry
’s no
n-G
M s
oy
prod
uctio
n fo
r ni
che
mar
kets
in E
urop
e an
d As
ia is
loca
ted
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Mem
bers
of t
he
new
ly c
reat
ed in
stitu
te in
clud
e gr
ower
s, s
eed
prod
ucer
s, s
uppl
iers
of c
hem
ical
inpu
ts, f
ood
man
ufac
ture
rs,
trade
rs a
nd c
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps.
56 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
50G
MO
ISSU
ESSe
ptem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esG
MO
labe
lling
: Th
e U
.S. G
roce
ry M
anuf
actu
rers
Ass
ocia
tion
(GM
A) re
spon
ded
to U
SDA’
s ca
ll fo
r pub
lic
com
men
ts o
n th
e G
MO
labe
lling
legi
slat
ion
that
was
sig
ned
into
law
last
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
. The
as
soci
atio
n re
com
men
ded
that
the
new
law
be
also
app
lied
to h
ighl
y re
fined
oils
and
sw
eete
ners
der
ived
fro
m G
M-c
rops
– e
ven
if G
M m
ater
ial i
s no
t al
way
s de
tect
able
via
ana
lytic
al t
ests
in r
efine
d pr
oduc
ts.
Acco
rdin
g to
GM
A, g
iven
that
the
bulk
of U
S m
aize
, soy
and
sug
arbe
et c
rops
are
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
, th
e na
med
ingr
edie
nts
shou
ld b
e ro
utin
ely
labe
lled.
Ass
ertin
g th
at th
e ne
w la
bellin
g re
quire
men
ts s
houl
d be
con
side
red
as a
mar
ketin
g st
anda
rd r
athe
r th
an a
foo
d sa
fety
sta
ndar
d, G
MA
expl
aine
d th
at i
ts
reco
mm
enda
tion
stem
med
fro
m t
he in
dust
ry’s
com
mitm
ent
to t
rans
pare
ncy.
Furth
erm
ore,
GM
A in
vite
d U
SDA
to a
pply
the
pres
umpt
ion
that
any
food
der
ived
from
cro
ps th
at a
re o
verw
helm
ingl
y bi
oeng
inee
red
in th
e co
untry
whe
re th
ey a
re g
row
n is
a G
M fo
od –
unl
ess
a m
anuf
actu
rer
can
prov
e ot
herw
ise.
Suc
h m
easu
res
wou
ld g
reat
ly s
impl
ify c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e ne
w s
tand
ard,
the
asso
ciat
ion
said
.
51G
MO
ISSU
ESN
ovem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esG
M s
oy –
regu
lato
ry is
sues
: Se
ed c
ompa
ny D
ow A
groS
cien
ces
anno
unce
d th
e co
mm
erci
al la
unch
, in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, o
f new
GM
soy
bean
var
iety
‘Enl
ist E
3’. T
he v
arie
ty h
as y
et to
be
appr
oved
in m
ajor
im
porti
ng c
ount
ries,
not
ably
the
EU a
nd C
hina
. Rep
orte
dly,
prod
uctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
of th
e ne
w v
arie
ty w
ill be
sub
ject
to s
trict
con
trols
to a
void
that
see
ds a
ccid
enta
lly e
nter
the
expo
rt pi
pelin
e. F
arm
ers
plan
ting
the
new
var
iety
will
be re
quire
d to
agr
ee to
del
iver
thei
r cro
p to
spe
cific
faci
litie
s at
set
tim
es.
52
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
Mar
chBr
azil
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck –
used
oils
/fats
: ABI
OVE
, the
ass
ocia
tion
of B
razil
ian
vege
tabl
e oi
l indu
strie
s, re
porte
d th
at it
s m
embe
rs a
re m
anag
ing
near
ly 1
300
col
lect
ion
poin
ts fo
r us
ed c
ooki
ng o
ils a
cros
s th
e st
ate
of
São
Paol
o. L
aunc
hed
by A
BIO
VE in
Dec
embe
r 201
5, th
e pr
ogra
mm
e is
impl
emen
ted
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
a
num
ber o
f sta
te a
genc
ies.
Und
er th
e sc
hem
e, u
sed
edib
le o
ils a
re c
olle
cted
and
sub
sequ
ently
cha
nnel
ed
for r
ecyc
ling
to th
e ol
eoch
emic
al a
nd b
iodi
esel
indu
stry
. In
2016
, a to
tal o
f 1 1
62 m
illion
lite
rs o
f was
te o
il ha
ve b
een
colle
cted
.
53BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
ayBr
azil
Rese
arch
& D
evel
opm
ent –
bio
dies
el p
urity
: Br
azilia
n sc
ient
ists
dev
elop
ed a
new
met
hod
for v
erify
ing
the
purit
y an
d qu
ality
of b
iodi
esel
. The
det
ectio
n of
raw
veg
etab
le o
ils in
bio
dies
el –
as
oppo
sed
to re
fined
, tra
ns-e
ster
ified
oil –
is s
aid
to b
e cr
ucia
l as
the
pres
ence
of s
uch
oils
low
ers
the
qual
ity o
f the
fuel
, inc
reas
es
pollu
tion
and
can
caus
e da
mag
e to
eng
ines
. The
new
ly d
evel
oped
det
ectio
n m
etho
d us
es n
ucle
ar m
agne
tic
reso
nanc
e sp
ectro
scop
y.54
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
May
Egyp
tBi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
– ja
troph
a oi
l: A
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts, t
he N
atio
nal R
esea
rch
Cen
tre o
f Egy
pt
deve
lope
d a
jatro
pha
oil-b
ased
fuel
sui
tabl
e fo
r airp
lane
s. T
he p
roje
ct in
clud
ed re
finin
g ja
troph
a oi
l to
mak
e it
resi
st fr
eezin
g un
til a
t lea
st –
45°
deg
rees
Cel
sius
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
oils
free
zing
poin
t has
bee
n lo
wer
ed
thro
ugh
a th
erm
al c
rack
ing
proc
ess,
plu
s th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
che
mic
al a
dditi
ves.
55
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
May
Italy
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck –
use
d oi
ls/fa
ts:
Italy
’s N
atio
nal C
onso
rtium
for t
he C
olle
ctio
n an
d Tr
eatm
ent o
f Use
d O
ils a
nd F
ats
(CO
NO
E) s
igne
d a
Mem
oran
dum
of U
nder
stan
ding
to s
uppl
y us
ed v
eget
able
oils
and
fats
to
mul
tinat
iona
l oil/
gas
com
pany
EN
I. Th
e co
mpa
ny, w
hich
has
exp
erie
nce
in p
rodu
cing
rene
wab
le d
iese
l, je
t fu
el a
nd liq
uefie
d pe
trole
um g
as fr
om p
alm
oil,
pla
ns to
pro
cess
app
roxi
mat
ely
1 m
illion
tonn
es o
f use
d oi
ls/
fats
ann
ually
, sta
rting
in 2
018.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
par
tner
ship
als
o in
clud
es jo
int a
ctiv
ities
to p
rom
ote
the
colle
ctio
n of
use
d oi
l/fat
at t
he h
ouse
hold
leve
l, w
here
the
prod
uct h
abitu
ally
goe
s to
was
te. E
NI e
xpec
ts
to a
chie
ve s
igni
fican
t red
uctio
ns in
car
bon
emis
sion
s an
d fre
sh w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n by
sw
itchi
ng to
use
d oi
ls/fa
ts.
56BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
aySi
ngap
ore
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck –
use
d oi
ls/fa
ts:
Air c
arrie
r Sin
gapo
re A
irlin
es, i
n pa
rtner
ship
with
Sin
gapo
re’s
Civ
il Av
iatio
n Au
thor
ity, s
tarte
d op
erat
ing
a se
ries
of b
iofu
el-p
ower
ed in
terc
ontin
enta
l flig
hts.
The
flig
hts
will
be
pow
ered
by
a bl
end
of c
onve
ntio
nal j
et fu
el, h
ydro
-pro
cess
ed e
ster
s an
d fa
tty a
cids
pro
duce
d fro
m u
sed
cook
ing
oil.
The
proj
ect i
s ge
ared
tow
ards
redu
cing
the
carri
er’s
carb
on e
mis
sion
s.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 57
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
57BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YJu
neC
hina
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck –
use
d oi
ls/fa
ts:
A su
bsid
iary
of C
hina
’s st
ate-
owne
d oi
l com
pany
Sin
opec
is p
lann
ing
to s
et u
p a
used
coo
king
oil
(UC
O) b
iofu
el p
lant
in E
aste
rn C
hina
. The
pla
nt w
ould
con
vert
100
000
tonn
es
of U
CO
into
30
000
tonn
es o
f avi
atio
n-gr
ade
biof
uel a
yea
r. Re
porte
dly,
the
fuel
wou
ld b
e so
ld to
airl
ines
op
erat
ing
long
-hau
l int
erna
tiona
l flig
hts,
esp
ecia
lly to
cou
ntrie
s th
at c
harg
e hi
gh e
mis
sion
taxe
s.58
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
Augu
stIn
done
sia,
Jap
anBi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
– p
alm
kern
el s
hell:
In
done
sia’
s oi
l pal
m in
dust
ry is
look
ing
into
the
pos
sibi
lity
of
expa
ndin
g sa
les
of p
alm
kern
el s
hell
to J
apan
. Rep
orte
dly,
unde
rpin
ned
by G
over
nmen
t pol
icie
s ca
lling
for
a hi
gher
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y po
rtion
in th
e co
untry
’s en
ergy
mix
, Jap
an’s
impo
rt de
man
d fo
r pal
mke
rnel
she
ll is
gro
win
g as
bio
mas
s po
wer
pla
nts
use
the
prod
uct a
s bi
oene
rgy
feed
stoc
k.59
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
Augu
stPh
ilippi
nes
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck –
nat
iona
l leg
isla
tion:
In
the
Philip
pine
s, th
e na
tiona
l fed
erat
ion
of in
dust
ries
urge
d th
e G
over
nmen
t to
revi
ew th
e pr
oduc
t spe
cific
atio
n in
the
coun
try’s
Biof
uels
Act
with
a v
iew
to in
clud
e pa
lm
oil a
s a
biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck in
add
ition
to c
ocon
ut o
il. T
he p
rivat
e se
ctor
vie
ws
palm
oil
as a
n ec
onom
ical
al
tern
ativ
e to
coc
onut
oil.
Rep
orte
dly,
chro
nic
shor
tage
s in
dom
estic
coc
onut
oil s
uppl
ies r
elat
ive
to d
eman
d ha
ve d
riven
up
coco
nut o
il pric
es –
ham
perin
g gr
owth
in b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
and
pree
mpt
ing
the
plan
ned
intro
duct
ion
of h
ighe
r ble
ndin
g m
anda
tes
(see
MPP
U O
ct.’1
5 &
Aug.
’17)
. Low
-pric
ed p
alm
oil,
by
cont
rast
, is
sai
d to
be
wid
ely
avai
labl
e, a
nd p
erm
issi
on to
use
that
oil
as b
iodi
esel
feed
stoc
k w
ould
allo
w to
cha
nnel
m
ore
coco
nut o
il to
war
ds th
e pr
oduc
tion
of h
igh-
valu
e ad
ded
prod
ucts
for e
xpor
t.60
BIO
FUEL
/BIO
ENER
GY
Nov
embe
rAu
stra
lia, C
anad
a,
Uni
ted
Stat
esAv
iatio
n fu
el fe
edst
ock
– ca
rinat
a oi
l: A
ustra
lia’s
natio
nal a
ir ca
rrier
and
a C
anad
ian
seed
com
pany
hav
e jo
ined
forc
es to
laun
ch b
rass
ica
carin
ata
culti
vatio
n fo
r avi
atio
n fu
el p
rodu
ctio
n in
Aus
tralia
. Car
inat
a is
a
non-
food
, ind
ustri
al-ty
pe o
ilsee
d su
itabl
e fo
r pro
duci
ng re
new
able
die
sel,
espe
cial
ly a
viat
ion
jet f
uel (
see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
2, D
ec.’1
3 &
June
.’17)
. The
targ
et is
to g
row
car
inat
a se
ed o
n 40
0 00
0 he
ctar
es o
f lan
d,
ultim
atel
y pr
oduc
ing
abou
t 18
0 00
0 to
nnes
of
bioj
et f
uel p
er y
ear.
Car
inat
a cr
ushi
ng is
als
o ex
pect
ed
to y
ield
a h
igh-
prot
ein
non-
GM
oilm
eal f
or A
ustra
lia’s
expa
ndin
g liv
esto
ck m
arke
t. A
sepa
rate
res
earc
h pr
ojec
t has
bee
n la
unch
ed in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es to
exp
lore
car
inat
a cu
ltiva
tion
oppo
rtuni
ties
in th
e co
untry
’s So
uthe
ast.
Indu
stry
exp
erts
reck
on th
at d
eman
d fo
r car
inat
a co
uld
expa
nd ra
pidl
y, ag
ains
t the
bac
kdro
p of
glo
bal a
irlin
e ca
rbon
redu
ctio
n co
mm
itmen
ts a
nd li
mite
d su
pplie
s of
oth
er fe
edst
ock
such
as
anim
al fa
t an
d w
aste
oil.
61BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YN
ovem
ber
Braz
ilRe
sear
ch &
Dev
elop
men
t –
soy-
base
d et
hano
l: A
Bra
zilia
n co
mpa
ny in
form
ed th
at it
will
be re
ady
to
prod
uce
hydr
ous
etha
nol f
rom
soy
bean
s in
tw
o ye
ars’
tim
e. T
he c
ompa
ny p
lans
to
sell
the
prod
uct
as
trans
porta
tion
fuel
and
as
raw
mat
eria
l for
a v
arie
ty o
f ind
ustri
al a
pplic
atio
ns.
62BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YN
ovem
ber
Chi
naAv
iatio
n fu
el/b
iodi
esel
feed
stoc
k –
used
oils
/fats
: C
hina
has
ope
rate
d its
firs
t cro
ss-o
cean
pas
seng
er
fligh
t po
wer
ed b
y je
t fu
el c
onta
inin
g 15
per
cent
of
rene
wab
le d
iese
l pro
duce
d fo
rm w
aste
coo
king
oil
(see
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
4 &
July’
17).
Sino
pec,
the
stat
e-ow
ned
oil r
efini
ng c
ompa
ny p
rodu
cing
the
biof
uel,
poin
ted
out t
hat s
ecur
ing
suffi
cien
t, st
able
sup
plie
s of
use
d co
okin
g oi
l on
the
dom
estic
mar
ket m
ay p
ose
chal
leng
es. F
urth
erm
ore,
acc
ordi
ng to
indu
stry
exp
erts
, tax
exe
mpt
ions
and
sta
te s
ubsi
dies
will
be n
eede
d to
sup
port
the
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
avia
tion-
grad
e bi
ofue
l sec
tor.
Sino
pec
also
sta
rted
sellin
g ro
ad tr
ansp
orta
tion
dies
el m
ade
from
use
d co
okin
g oi
l. Re
porte
dly,
the
fuel
is b
eing
sol
d at
sel
ecte
d ga
s st
atio
ns a
t a p
rice
of C
NY
5.72
per
lite
r (U
SD 0
.87)
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to C
NY
6.02
(USD
0.9
1) c
harg
ed fo
r re
gula
r die
sel.
63BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YDe
cem
ber
Indi
aRe
sear
ch a
nd D
evel
opm
ent –
enz
yme-
assi
sted
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n: A
n In
dian
com
pany
em
bark
ed o
n bi
odie
sel p
rodu
ctio
n fro
m lo
w-g
rade
was
te fe
edst
ock
usin
g a
new
ly d
evel
oped
, enz
yme-
base
d te
chni
que.
As
feed
stoc
k, th
e co
mpa
ny in
tend
s to
use
was
te o
ils w
ith a
hig
h co
nten
t of f
ree
fatty
aci
d, in
clud
ing
brow
n gr
ease
, use
d co
okin
g oi
l and
pal
m fa
tty a
cid.
58 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
64O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
& TR
ADE
PRO
MO
TIO
NSe
ptem
ber
Chi
na, B
razil
Ove
rsea
s ac
quis
ition
s:
A pr
ivat
ely
owne
d C
hine
se c
ompa
ny a
nnou
nced
pla
ns t
o ac
quire
mor
e ag
ri-bu
sine
ss fi
rms
in B
razil
, afte
r it c
ompl
eted
the
acqu
isiti
on o
f tw
o su
ch fi
rms
last
yea
r. Re
porte
dly,
last
yea
r’s
take
over
s al
low
ed th
e C
hine
se c
ompa
ny to
sec
ure
a co
mbi
ned
seve
n-m
illion
-tonn
es o
utpu
t of B
razil
ian
soyb
ean
and
mai
ze, a
figu
re th
e co
mpa
ny in
tend
s to
rais
e to
10
milli
on in
201
8 an
d, p
ossi
bly,
30 m
illion
in
the
follo
win
g ye
ars.
In p
aral
lel w
ith c
ompa
rabl
e ac
quis
ition
s m
ade
by C
hine
se s
tate
-ow
ned
firm
s in
rece
nt
year
s (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
.’14
& Fe
b’16
), th
ese
inve
stm
ents
are
aim
ed a
t ra
isin
g th
e co
untry
’s pr
esen
ce in
in
tern
atio
nal g
rain
and
oils
eeds
mar
kets
at a
tim
e w
hen
Chi
na’s
depe
nden
ce o
n im
ports
to m
eet d
omes
tic
dem
and
has
clim
bed
to u
npre
cede
nted
leve
ls.
65O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
& TR
ADE
PRO
MO
TIO
NN
ovem
ber
Chi
na, B
razil
Ove
rsea
s op
erat
ions
: C
hina
’s st
ate-
owne
d gr
ain
tradi
ng g
roup
CO
FCO
Int
erna
tiona
l, pl
ans
to r
aise
th
e vo
lum
e of
soy
bean
s it
sour
ces
from
Bra
zil’s
Mat
o G
ross
o st
ate
from
cur
rent
ly 4
milli
on t
onne
s to
7.
2 m
illion
ton
nes
over
the
nex
t fiv
e ye
ars.
Fur
ther
mor
e, a
gro
up o
f C
hine
se in
vest
ors
held
tal
ks w
ith
Braz
ilian
com
pani
es a
bout
fina
ncin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
30
grai
n st
orag
e fa
cilit
ies
in M
ato
Gro
sso.
At
the
glob
al le
vel,
by t
he y
ear
2022
, C
OFC
O I
nter
natio
nal i
nten
ds t
o do
uble
the
am
ount
of
agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
it b
uys
dire
ctly
from
farm
ers,
thus
redu
cing
its
relia
nce
on tr
aditi
onal
glo
bal t
radi
ng h
ouse
s.
66O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
& TR
ADE
PRO
MO
TIO
NN
ovem
ber
Tuni
sia
Trad
e pr
omot
ion:
Tu
nisi
a’s
oliv
e oi
l ind
ustry
has
laun
ched
a p
rogr
amm
e to
pro
mot
e sa
les
of p
acka
ged
extra
virg
in o
live
oil t
o th
e Ja
pane
se m
arke
t. Th
e ta
rget
is to
mee
t five
per
cent
of t
he A
sian
nat
ion’
s im
port
dem
and
(com
pare
d to
less
than
one
per
cent
at p
rese
nt).
67TR
ANSP
ORT
IN
FRAS
TRU
CTU
REM
arch
Arge
ntin
aPr
ivat
e se
ctor
inv
estm
ent:
Acc
ordi
ng t
o pr
ivat
e in
dust
ry e
stim
ates
, Ar
gent
ina’
s gr
ains
and
oils
eeds
tra
nspo
rtatio
n se
ctor
will
rece
ive
ARS
27 b
illion
(USD
1.7
6 bi
llion)
in p
rivat
e in
vest
men
ts fo
r the
201
6–17
pe
riod.
Aim
ed a
t mak
ing
the
coun
try’s
trans
ports
logi
stic
s an
d pr
oces
sing
ope
ratio
ns m
ore
effici
ent,
the
inve
stm
ents
will
conc
ern
port
faci
litie
s, ro
ad a
nd ra
il net
wor
ks, t
ruck
term
inal
s, w
areh
ouse
s an
d pr
oces
sing
pl
ants
.68
TRAN
SPO
RT
INFR
ASTR
UC
TURE
Dece
mbe
rBr
azil
Priv
ate
sect
or in
vest
men
t: A
glo
bal a
gri-t
rade
com
pany
has
file
d en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct s
tudi
es w
ith th
e au
thor
ities
of
the
stat
e of
Par
á co
ncer
ning
the
con
stru
ctio
n of
a n
ew r
iver
por
t fa
cilit
y. Lo
cate
d in
the
Ba
rcar
ena
regi
on, t
he p
roje
ct w
ould
com
plem
ent r
ecen
t pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e eff
orts
to d
evel
op th
e co
untry
’s no
rther
n ex
port
corri
dors
, or ‘
Arco
Nor
te’ (
see
MPP
U J
uly
& Se
p.’1
7). T
he n
ew fa
cilit
y w
ould
rece
ive
barg
es
load
ed in
the
upr
iver
tra
nssh
ipm
ent
term
inal
of
Miri
titub
a, c
arry
ing
grai
ns c
omin
g pr
imar
ily f
rom
Mat
o G
ross
o st
ate.
The
por
t’s a
nnua
l han
dlin
g ca
paci
ty w
ould
am
ount
to 6
milli
on to
nnes
of g
rain
s.
69M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EJa
nuar
yEu
rope
an U
nion
Fu
ture
s m
arke
ts:
The
pan-
Euro
pean
exc
hang
e Eu
rone
xt te
mpo
raril
y su
spen
ded
its ra
pese
ed fu
ture
s an
d op
tions
to re
view
, tog
ethe
r with
indu
stry
pla
yers
, the
con
tract
s’ te
chni
cal s
peci
ficat
ions
– in
par
ticul
ar th
e oi
l con
tent
bas
is fo
r rap
esee
d.
70M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EJa
nuar
yIn
dia
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Af
ter r
ecei
ving
app
rova
l fro
m th
e Se
curit
ies
and
Exch
ange
Boa
rd o
f Ind
ia (S
EBI),
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mod
ity &
Der
ivativ
es E
xcha
nge
(NC
DEX)
and
the
Mul
ticom
mod
ity E
xcha
nge
(MC
X) in
form
ed
that
they
inte
nd to
laun
ch a
futu
res
cont
ract
in c
asto
r see
d to
cat
er to
the
need
of t
he c
asto
r ind
ustry
for
pric
e di
scov
ery
and
risk
man
agem
ent i
nstru
men
ts.
71M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EM
arch
Chi
naFu
ture
s m
arke
ts:
Follo
win
g ap
prov
al b
y C
hina
’s se
curit
ies
regu
lato
r, th
e Da
lian
Com
mod
ity E
xcha
nge
(DC
E) h
as la
unch
ed a
soy
mea
l opt
ions
con
tract
s on
31
Mar
ch 2
017
(see
also
MPP
U J
an.’1
7).
Opt
ion
cont
ract
s gr
ant t
he ri
ght b
ut n
ot th
e ob
ligat
ions
to b
uy a
fina
ncia
l con
tract
in th
e fu
ture
. DC
E’s
initi
ativ
e is
m
eant
to h
elp
the
proc
ess
of p
rice
disc
over
y an
d to
pro
vide
agr
icul
tura
l com
pani
es w
ith m
ore
flexi
ble
risk
man
agem
ent t
ools
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 59
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
72M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EM
ayC
hina
Futu
res
mar
kets
: C
hina
’s Da
lian
Futu
res
Exch
ange
(DC
E) p
lans
to
chan
ge t
he c
ontra
ct r
ules
for
its
soyb
ean
futu
res
in a
bid
to h
elp
inve
stor
s he
dge
the
risk
in s
oybe
an im
port
and
prov
ide
a do
mes
tic p
ricin
g be
nchm
ark
for s
oybe
an. D
etai
ls o
f the
env
isag
ed c
hang
es a
re s
till t
o be
pro
vide
d.
73M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EM
ayEu
rope
an U
nion
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Th
e pa
n-Eu
rope
an e
xcha
nge
Euro
next
has
laun
ched
rap
esee
d op
tions
con
tract
s fo
r de
liver
y in
201
9, w
ithou
t cha
ngin
g th
eir s
peci
ficat
ions
. The
con
tract
s ha
d be
en s
uspe
nded
ear
lier t
his
year
to
revi
ew th
eir t
echn
ical
term
s (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’17)
. Rep
orte
dly,
mar
ket p
artic
ipan
ts c
ould
not
agr
ee o
n po
tent
ial c
hang
es to
the
oil c
onte
nt b
asis
spe
cifie
d in
the
cont
ract
.
74M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EM
ayIn
dia
Futu
res
mar
kets
: In
dia’
s N
atio
nal C
omm
odity
and
Der
ivativ
es E
xcha
nge
(NC
DEX)
ann
ounc
ed th
e la
unch
of
a fu
ture
s co
ntra
ct fo
r mus
tard
seed
cak
e. A
s th
e m
arke
t of t
he a
nim
al fe
ed is
sub
ject
to c
onsi
dera
ble
pric
e vo
latil
ity, t
he n
ew fu
ture
s co
ntra
ct is
aim
ed to
allo
w p
rodu
cers
and
trad
ers
to h
edge
thei
r ris
k.
75M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EN
ovem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esFu
ture
s m
arke
ts:
CM
E G
roup
(Chi
cago
Mer
cant
ile E
xcha
nge)
info
rmed
tha
t, on
31
Oct
ober
201
7, t
he
max
imum
dai
ly p
rice
chan
ge p
erm
itted
on
soyb
ean
cont
ract
s at
CBO
T (C
hica
go B
oard
of T
rade
) was
rais
ed
from
65
US
cent
s pe
r bus
hel t
o 70
US
cent
s, w
hile
the
limit
for s
oym
eal w
as lo
wer
ed fr
om U
SD 2
5 pe
r ton
ne
to U
SD 2
0 pe
r ton
ne. T
he n
ew li
mits
will
rem
ain
in e
ffect
unt
il M
ay 2
018.
76
R&D
– pe
st c
ontro
lJa
nuar
yEu
rope
an U
nion
Impa
ct o
f pe
stic
ide
ban:
A
rese
arch
con
sulta
ncy
revi
ewed
, with
sup
port
from
the
priv
ate
sect
or, t
he
impa
ct o
f the
EU
’s de
cisi
on (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’13
) to
tem
pora
rily
ban
neon
icot
inoi
d-ba
sed
pest
icid
es –
a
grou
p of
pes
ticid
es u
sed
prim
arily
on
rape
seed
. Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e co
nsul
tanc
y fir
m, t
he b
an h
as le
d to
si
gnifi
cant
yie
ld r
educ
tions
, cr
op q
ualit
y lo
sses
and
incr
ease
d in
sect
icid
e ap
plic
atio
ns in
EU
rap
esee
d cu
ltiva
tion.
Alle
gedl
y, th
e ba
n al
so c
ause
d a
shift
of p
rodu
ctio
n ou
tsid
e th
e EU
, trig
gerin
g th
e co
nver
sion
of
gra
ssla
nd a
nd o
ther
bio
dive
rsity
-ric
h na
tura
l hab
itats
to a
rabl
e la
nd. T
he s
tudy
con
clud
es th
at h
olis
tic
impa
ct a
sses
smen
ts –
look
ing
at a
ll ec
onom
ic a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal e
ffect
s –
ough
t to
be c
ondu
cted
bef
ore
pest
icid
e re
stric
tions
are
impl
emen
ted.
77R&
D –
pest
con
trol
Mar
chAu
stra
liaRa
pese
ed –
blac
kleg
resi
stan
ce: R
epor
tedl
y, Au
stra
lian
scie
ntis
ts fo
und
new
rape
seed
gen
es fo
r res
ista
nce
to ‘b
lack
leg’
, a m
ajor
pes
t thr
eat t
o ra
pese
ed c
ultiv
atio
n in
Aus
tralia
and
els
ewhe
re. T
he m
appi
ng o
f gen
es
for r
esis
tanc
e vi
a m
olec
ular
mar
kers
is s
aid
to h
elp
deve
lop
varie
ties
with
last
ing
resi
stan
ce to
the
dise
ase.
Th
e re
sear
ch p
roje
ct b
enefi
tted
from
pub
lic fu
ndin
g.
78
R&D
– va
rieta
l res
earc
hM
arch
Uni
ted
Stat
esRa
pese
ed –
var
ieta
l res
earc
h:
In th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, USD
A’s
Nat
iona
l Ins
titut
e of
Foo
d an
d Ag
ricul
ture
(N
IFA)
ann
ounc
ed th
e av
aila
bilit
y of
up
to U
SD 0
.77
milli
on fo
r fun
dam
enta
l and
app
lied
rese
arch
to h
elp
deve
lop
new
rape
seed
var
ietie
s, e
xpan
d th
e cr
op’s
grow
ing
regi
on, a
nd la
unch
new
com
mer
cial
rape
seed
-ba
sed
prod
ucts
. App
licat
ions
mus
t inc
lude
bot
h re
sear
ch a
nd e
xten
sion
ser
vice
s.79
R&D
– va
rieta
l res
earc
hM
ayIn
done
sia
Hig
h-yi
eldi
ng o
il pa
lm:
An In
done
sian
oil
palm
firm
repo
rted
that
it d
evel
oped
a n
ew v
arie
ty o
f oil
palm
ca
pabl
e to
incr
ease
pal
m o
il yi
elds
by
up to
dou
ble
the
curre
nt le
vels
. Alle
gedl
y, th
e ne
w m
ater
ial,
whi
ch
has
been
dev
elop
ed u
sing
trad
ition
al p
lant
bre
edin
g m
etho
ds, y
ield
s 11
–13
tonn
es o
f cru
de p
alm
oil
per
ha p
er y
ear d
urin
g th
e pa
lm’s
prim
e ag
e (1
0–18
yea
rs),
with
oil
extra
ctio
n le
vels
rang
ing
32–3
6 pe
rcen
t. Re
porte
dly,
this
com
pare
s to
a c
urre
nt c
apac
ity o
f 7.5
–8 to
nnes
per
ha
unde
r opt
imal
con
ditio
ns a
nd a
co
untry
wid
e av
erag
e le
vel o
f les
s th
an 4
tonn
es. S
eedl
ings
als
o re
ach
mat
urity
fast
er –
sup
pose
dly
afte
r 24
mon
ths
as o
ppos
ed to
the
curre
nt in
dust
ry a
vera
ge o
f 30
mon
ths.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
clo
nes
have
be
en re
gist
ered
in In
done
sia’
s C
atal
ogue
of S
eeds
and
cou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
at la
rge-
scal
e w
ithin
five
yea
rs.
Stag
natin
g yi
eld
leve
ls re
pres
ent a
maj
or c
once
rn in
the
palm
oil i
ndus
try w
orld
wid
e (a
nd in
Sou
thea
st A
sia
in p
artic
ular
) – e
spec
ially
in re
cent
yea
rs, a
s gr
owth
via
are
a ex
pans
ion
star
ted
to fa
ce e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd
soci
al c
halle
nges
.
60 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
80R&
D –
varie
tal r
esea
rch
May
Glo
bal
Sunfl
ower
seed
gen
ome:
Re
porte
dly,
an in
tern
atio
nal t
eam
of
scie
ntis
ts p
ublis
hed
the
first
sun
flow
er
geno
me
sequ
ence
. Acc
ess
to th
e ge
nom
e is
exp
ecte
d to
ass
ist f
utur
e re
sear
ch p
rogr
amm
es u
sing
gen
etic
to
ols
to im
prov
e th
e pl
ant’s
cro
p re
silie
nce
and
oil p
rodu
ctio
n.81
R&D
– va
rieta
l res
earc
hJu
neIn
dia
Hig
h-ol
eic
saffl
ower
see
d: T
he In
dian
Inst
itute
of O
ilsee
ds R
esea
rch
deve
lope
d – u
sing
trad
ition
al b
reed
ing
met
hods
– th
ree
high
-ole
ic s
afflow
er li
nes
suita
ble
for c
ultiv
atio
n un
der I
ndia
n co
nditi
ons.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
lines
con
tain
up
to 7
5 pe
rcen
t of o
leic
fatty
aci
d – a
s opp
osed
to b
etw
een
16–2
0 pe
rcen
t in
conv
entio
nal
varie
ties.
Hig
h-ol
eic
oils
are
sou
ght b
y fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
, ret
aile
rs a
nd c
onsu
mer
s al
ike,
than
ks to
thei
r su
itabi
lity
for d
eep-
fryin
g an
d va
rious
ole
oche
mic
al u
ses,
thei
r ext
ende
d sh
elf-l
ife, a
nd th
eir w
hole
som
e he
alth
pro
file
of th
e re
spec
tive
oils
. Giv
en th
at th
e re
sear
ch b
enefi
ted
from
priv
ate
sect
or fu
ndin
g, tw
o of
th
e ne
w v
arie
ties
have
bee
n lic
ense
d –
for t
he fi
rst t
hree
yea
rs –
to a
priv
ate
firm
that
alre
ady
star
ted
larg
e-sc
ale
com
mer
cial
pro
duct
ion.
82R&
D –
varie
tal r
esea
rch
July
Indo
nesi
aIm
prov
ed c
ocon
ut p
alm
: Th
e In
done
sian
Pal
mae
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te is
pre
parin
g th
e co
mm
erci
al re
leas
e of
tw
o ne
w c
ocon
ut v
arie
ties
know
n un
der t
he n
ames
‘Lam
pana
h’ a
nd ‘B
ido’
. Dev
elop
ed in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith
the
prov
inci
al a
gric
ultu
ral o
ffice
s of
Ace
h an
d N
orth
Mal
uku,
the
form
er v
arie
ty is
cha
ract
erize
d by
sup
erio
r fru
it be
arin
g, w
hile
the
latte
r sta
nds
out f
or e
arly
mat
urity
and
slo
w s
tem
gro
wth
, acc
ordi
ng to
the
agen
cy.
83R&
D –
varie
tal r
esea
rch
Sept
embe
rG
hana
Afl
atox
in-r
esis
tant
gro
undn
ut:
Gha
na’s
Cro
p Re
sear
ch In
stitu
te h
as re
leas
ed a
new
afla
toxi
n-re
sist
ant
grou
ndnu
t var
iety
– a
n ac
hiev
emen
t tha
t cou
ld le
ad to
a re
viva
l of G
hana
’s gr
ound
nut e
xpor
ts, a
ccor
ding
to
the
inst
itute
’s sc
ient
ists
. In
gene
ral,
high
leve
ls o
f afla
toxi
n co
ntam
inat
ion
cons
titut
e a
maj
or c
halle
nge
for
grou
ndnu
t pro
duce
rs a
cros
s Af
rica
and
Asia
, as
they
bar
thei
r pro
duct
s fro
m e
nter
ing
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
kets
.84
R&D
– va
rieta
l res
earc
hDe
cem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esH
igh-
olei
c/lo
w-li
nole
ic s
oybe
an:
Usi
ng g
ene-
editi
ng t
echn
olog
ies,
a c
ompa
ny in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es is
w
orki
ng o
n a
new
soy
bean
var
iety
cha
ract
erize
d by
bot
h hi
gh o
leic
aci
d co
nten
t an
d lo
w li
nole
ic a
cid
cont
ent –
a fa
tty a
cid
profi
le th
at is
kno
wn
to in
crea
se a
n oi
l’s s
helf
life
and
fryin
g ca
pabi
lity,
with
out h
avin
g to
be
hydr
ogen
ated
(i.e
. avo
idin
g th
e fo
rmat
ion
of h
arm
ful t
rans
fats
). G
iven
that
gen
e-ed
iting
tech
niqu
es
are
not s
ubje
ct to
regu
latio
n by
USD
A, th
e co
mpa
ny e
xpec
ts th
e ap
prov
al p
roce
ss fo
r the
new
var
iety
to b
e sh
ort a
nd p
lans
to b
egin
com
mer
cial
sal
es la
ter t
his
year
.85
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tM
arch
Aust
ralia
Soyb
ean
oil
– in
dust
rial
appl
icat
ions
(no
n-fo
od):
In
Aust
ralia
, re
sear
cher
s de
velo
ped
a te
chno
logy
to
pro
duce
gra
phen
e fro
m s
oybe
an o
il. G
raph
ene
cons
ists
of
sing
le la
yer
carb
on fi
lms
with
pro
mis
ing
appl
icat
ions
in t
he s
emic
ondu
ctor
, el
ectro
nics
, ba
ttery
ene
rgy,
and
com
posi
tes
indu
strie
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e hi
gh c
ost
of c
onve
ntio
nal
grap
hene
pro
duct
ion
repr
esen
ted
the
prin
cipl
e hu
rdle
in
the
prod
uct’s
co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
until
now
. By
cont
rast
, the
new
tech
nolo
gy is
sai
d to
be
less
com
plex
, ine
xpen
sive
and
ba
sed
on re
new
able
feed
stoc
k. A
llege
dly,
the
new
met
hod
allo
ws
to p
rodu
ce g
raph
ene
from
any
type
of
used
coo
king
oil.
The
rese
arch
was
con
duct
ed w
ith p
ublic
fund
ing.
86
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tM
ayAu
stra
liaO
meg
a3 r
apes
eed
– fe
ed u
se:
Aus
tralia
n se
ed c
ompa
ny N
usee
d is
filin
g fo
r re
gula
tory
app
rova
l of
omeg
a-3
bear
ing
rape
seed
in A
ustra
lia, C
anad
a an
d th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
exp
ects
com
mer
cial
izatio
n to
co
mm
ence
in 2
018
or 2
019.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
pro
duct
pro
vide
s lo
ng-c
hain
om
ega-
3 oi
ls s
imila
r to
thos
e fo
und
in fi
sh o
il. C
omm
erci
al a
pplic
atio
ns a
re p
lann
ed in
bot
h aq
uacu
lture
feed
use
s an
d hu
man
nut
ritio
n (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
.87
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tM
ayC
anad
aRa
pese
ed m
eal –
feed
use
: Re
sear
ch c
ondu
cted
in C
anad
a su
gges
ts th
at p
ork
prod
ucer
s ca
n re
duce
feed
co
sts
by in
clud
ing
rape
seed
mea
l at h
ighe
r tha
n tra
ditio
nal l
evel
s in
the
ratio
ns o
f lac
tatin
g so
ws
(see
also
M
PPU
Aug
.’15
& M
ar.’1
6).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 61
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
88R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
May
Can
ada,
Uni
ted
Stat
esC
arin
ata
mea
l – fe
ed u
se: A
Can
adia
n co
mpa
ny g
aine
d ap
prov
al fr
om th
e U
S Fo
od a
nd D
rug
Adm
inis
tratio
n to
com
mer
cial
ize c
arin
ata
mea
l as
a no
n-G
M p
rote
in m
eal f
or b
eef c
attle
feed
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. Car
inat
a m
eal,
whi
ch is
sai
d to
mat
ch r
apes
eed
mea
l spe
cific
atio
ns, i
s ob
tain
ed a
s a
by-p
rodu
ct w
hen
bras
sica
carin
ata
is c
rush
ed fo
r oil (
see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
3). C
arin
ata
mea
l has
pre
viou
sly
been
app
rove
d in
Can
ada
and
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on. R
epor
tedl
y, re
gion
s ta
rget
ed fo
r car
inat
a cu
ltiva
tion
incl
ude
Sout
h Am
eric
a (w
here
th
e pl
ant c
an b
e gr
own
as a
sec
ond
crop
follo
win
g so
ybea
ns) a
nd N
orth
Am
eric
a, n
otab
ly th
e so
uthe
aste
rn
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
nd th
e no
rther
n Pl
ains
, whi
ch in
clud
es th
e so
uthe
rn C
anad
ian
Prai
ries.
The
cro
p is
alre
ady
culti
vate
d in
Eur
ope,
whe
re th
e oi
l is
used
as
biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck.
89R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
May
Glo
bal
Hig
h-ol
eic
grou
ndnu
t: S
nack
food
pro
duce
r Mar
s in
form
ed it
was
mov
ing
tow
ards
usi
ng e
xclu
sive
ly h
igh-
olei
c gr
ound
nuts
in s
ome
of it
s pr
oduc
ts. H
igh-
olei
c gr
ound
nuts
are
val
ued
for t
heir
heal
th p
rofil
e, n
otab
ly
thei
r hig
h co
nten
t of u
nsat
urat
ed fa
ts. F
urth
erm
ore,
hig
h-ol
eic
oils
enj
oy a
hig
h ox
idat
ive
stab
ility
and
don’
t ne
ed to
be
hydr
ogen
ated
, hen
ce p
reve
ntin
g th
e fo
rmat
ion
of tr
ans
fatty
aci
ds. T
he c
ompa
ny re
porte
d th
at
its s
hift
to h
igh-
olei
c gr
ound
nuts
has
bee
n sl
owed
dow
n by
insu
ffici
ent p
rodu
ct a
vaila
bilit
y.90
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tJu
neU
nite
d St
ates
Rape
seed
mea
l – fe
ed u
se: I
n th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, a g
roup
of r
esea
rche
rs re
porte
d th
e su
cces
sful
con
vers
ion
of ra
pese
ed m
eal i
nto
a hi
gh-p
rote
in fe
ed a
dditi
ve. A
llege
dly,
the
rese
arch
pro
ject
det
erm
ined
the
optim
al
fung
al c
ultu
re t
o re
duce
und
esira
ble
gluc
osin
olat
es, fi
ber
and
resi
dual
sug
ars,
whi
le r
aisi
ng t
he p
rote
in
cont
ent
and
nutri
tiona
l val
ue o
f the
mea
l. Th
e co
nver
sion
pro
cess
tak
es p
lace
und
er s
olid
-sta
te fu
ngal
in
cuba
tion
cond
ition
s.
91R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lSo
ybea
n oi
l – in
dust
rial a
pplic
atio
ns (n
on-fo
od):
Glo
bal r
ubbe
r and
tire
com
pany
Goo
dyea
r has
dev
elop
ed
a te
chno
logy
tha
t al
low
s su
bstit
utin
g so
ybea
n oi
l for
pet
role
um-b
ased
oils
in t
he p
rodu
ctio
n of
rub
ber
com
poun
ds f
or t
ires.
The
com
pany
reg
ards
soy
bean
oil
as a
nat
ural
ly d
eriv
ed, c
ost-e
ffect
ive,
car
bon-
neut
ral a
nd re
new
able
raw
mat
eria
l. Re
porte
dly,
the
inco
rpor
atio
n of
soy
bean
oil
allo
ws
to e
nhan
ce th
e pe
rform
ance
of t
ires,
rais
e m
anuf
actu
ring
effici
ency
, and
redu
ce e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n. T
he n
ew te
chno
logy
ha
s be
en d
evel
oped
with
sup
port
from
the
U.S
. Uni
ted
Soyb
ean
Boar
d (a
fede
ral p
rogr
amm
e th
at c
olle
cts
fund
s fro
m s
oybe
an g
row
ers
and
chan
nels
them
into
pro
mot
ion
and
rese
arch
act
iviti
es o
f gen
eral
inte
rest
). 92
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tN
ovem
ber
Denm
ark
Soy
– in
dust
rial a
pplic
atio
ns (f
ood)
: A
Dani
sh fo
od in
gred
ient
man
ufac
ture
r has
laun
ched
a s
oy-b
ased
em
ulsi
fier f
or u
se in
indu
stria
l bak
ery p
rodu
cts.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
prod
uct w
as d
evel
oped
to o
ffer a
n al
tern
ativ
e to
trad
ition
al, w
idel
y us
ed la
uric
oil-
base
d em
ulsi
fiers
.93
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tN
ovem
ber
Fran
ceO
live
oil –
was
te w
ater
recy
clin
g: A
gro
up o
f Fre
nch
scie
ntis
ts p
rese
nted
a te
chno
logy
that
allo
ws c
onve
rting
w
aste
wat
er fr
om o
live
oil p
rodu
ctio
n –
norm
ally
cla
ssifi
ed a
s a
pollu
tant
– in
to b
iofu
el, b
iofe
rtiliz
er a
nd s
afe
wat
er fo
r use
in a
gric
ultu
ral i
rriga
tion.
94R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
Nov
embe
rH
olla
ndSh
eanu
t – in
dust
rial a
pplic
atio
ns (f
ood)
: A
Dutc
h oi
ls a
nd fa
ts p
rodu
cer d
evel
oped
a s
hea-
base
d, n
on-
hydr
ogen
ated
fat f
or u
se in
indu
stria
l bak
ery
prod
ucts
. Alle
gedl
y, th
e ne
w p
rodu
ct c
onta
ins
40 p
erce
nt le
ss
satu
rate
d fa
t tha
n co
mpa
rabl
e la
uric
oil-
base
d pr
oduc
ts.
95
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tN
ovem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esVe
geta
ble
oils
– re
finin
g pr
oces
ses:
In
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, a
gro
up o
f res
earc
hers
has
dev
elop
ed a
new
fa
mily
of n
atur
ally
der
ived
veg
etab
le o
il stru
ctur
ing
agen
ts. T
he c
arbo
hydr
ate
deriv
ativ
es d
ubbe
d ‘g
elat
ors’
al
low
to s
olid
ify/th
icke
n a
varie
ty o
f veg
etab
le o
ils, t
hus
offer
ing
an a
ltern
ativ
e to
par
tial h
ydro
gena
tion
– a
tech
nolo
gy d
eem
ed h
azar
dous
to h
uman
hea
lth (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Nov
.’16
& Ja
n.’1
7).
96R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
Dece
mbe
rC
anad
aFo
od-g
rade
rap
esee
d pr
otei
n:
Can
adia
n re
sear
cher
s de
velo
ped
a m
embr
ane-
base
d pr
oces
s to
obt
ain
food
-gra
de p
rote
in f
rom
def
atte
d ra
pese
ed m
eal.
Cur
rent
ly, d
ue t
o its
poo
r ta
ste
and
the
pres
ence
of
antin
utrie
nts,
rape
seed
mea
l is
excl
usiv
ely
used
as
anim
al fe
ed, n
otw
ithst
andi
ng it
s hi
gh n
utrit
iona
l val
ue.
62 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
97R&
D –
prod
uct d
evel
opm
ent
Dece
mbe
rN
orw
ayO
meg
a3 ra
pese
ed –
feed
use
: Ea
rly tr
ials
con
duct
ed in
Nor
way
with
an
omeg
a3-r
ich
oil d
eriv
ed fr
om a
GM
ra
pese
ed d
evel
oped
in A
ustra
lia (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’16
& Ju
ne’1
7) w
ould
indi
cate
that
the
prod
uct i
s su
itabl
e fo
r use
as
salm
on fe
ed. R
esul
ts s
ugge
st th
at th
ere
is n
o di
ffere
nce
betw
een
fish
fed
with
trad
ition
al fi
sh o
il (–
sup
plie
s of
whi
ch a
re li
mite
d –)
and
fish
fed
with
the
mod
ified
pla
nt o
il. P
endi
ng re
gula
tory
app
rova
ls,
com
mer
cial
izatio
n of
the
new
rape
seed
var
iety
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, Can
ada
and
Aust
ralia
cou
ld s
tart
in
2018
or 2
019.
Rep
orte
dly,
seed
s w
ould
be
sold
to g
row
ers
unde
r lic
ense
, for
seg
rega
ted
culti
vatio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
. 98
R&D
– pr
oduc
t dev
elop
men
tDe
cem
ber
Glo
bal
Hig
h-ol
eic
rape
seed
oil:
In
acco
rdan
ce w
ith g
loba
l ind
ustry
effo
rts to
offe
r foo
d in
gred
ient
s pe
rcei
ved
as
mor
e he
alth
y, a
mul
tinat
iona
l agr
i-bus
ines
s fir
m la
unch
ed a
new
hig
h-ol
eic
rape
seed
oil d
eriv
ed fr
om h
ybrid
se
ed (i
.e. w
ithou
t gen
etic
mod
ifica
tion)
. Acc
ordi
ng to
the
com
pany
, the
new
oil’s
sat
urat
ed fa
t con
tent
is
35 p
erce
nt b
elow
that
of c
onve
ntio
nal r
apes
eed
oil.
Desp
ite it
s lo
w s
atur
ated
fat c
onte
nt, t
he o
il is
sai
d to
offe
rs s
trong
fry
ing
perfo
rman
ce, l
ong
shel
f lif
e an
d fre
sh t
aste
. Fur
ther
mor
e, g
row
ers
of t
he h
ybrid
ra
pese
ed a
re p
rom
ised
of t
heir
high
yie
lds
and
dise
ase
resi
stan
ce q
ualit
y.
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U),
whi
ch c
an b
e re
triev
ed
on-li
ne a
t http
://w
ww.
fao.
org/
econ
omic
/est
/pub
licat
ions
/oilc
rops
-pub
licat
ions
/mon
thly
-pric
e-an
d-po
licy-
upda
te/e
n/.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2017 63
The present document can be downloaded from the FAO website at URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oilcrops/oilcrop-policies/en/. The source publication, FAO’s Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), can be found on webpage http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/oilcrops-publications/monthly-price-and-policy-update/en/, which also provides access to an electronic, searchable archive and explanations on how to subscribe to a dedicated mailing list.
Le présent document peut être téléchargé sur le site web de la FAO à l’adresse URL suivante: http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleagineux/politiques-oleagineuses/fr/. La publication de référence, le bulletin FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), peut être téléchargée sur la page web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/publications-sur-oleagineux/bulletin-mensuel-sur-les-prix-et-politiques/fr/, qui fournit également un accès à une archive électronique et explique comment s’abonner à la liste de diffusion dédiée.
El presente documento se puede bajar del sitio web de la FAO en la URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleaginosas/politicas-oleaginosas/es/. La publicación de origen, el boletín FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), se puede consultar en la página web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publicaciones/publicaciones-sobre-oleaginosas/oilcrops-monthly-price-and-policy-update/es/, que también da acceso a un archivo electrónico de búsqueda y facilita instrucciones sobre cómo suscribirse a una lista de correo especializada.
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