oklahoma; landscaping to attract butterflies - oklahoma state university

8/3/2019 Oklahoma; Landscaping to Attract Butterflies - Oklahoma State University

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Division o Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Oklahoma State University

HLA-6430

Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheetsare also available on our website at:

http://osuacts.okstate.edu

Stephanie A. SmithEntomology and Wildlie ExtensionProgram Assistant

Ron MastersExtension Wildlie Specialist

David HillockExtension Consumer Horticulturist

Landscaping to Attract Butterfies,Moths, and Skippers

Antenna Shapes

Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)

PhotobyRonMasters

Tom RoyerExtension Entomologist

Don ArnoldSurvey Entomologist

Mike SchnelleExtension Horticulturist

Butterfies, Moths, and Skippers

Butteries, moths, and skippers are some o the mostbeautiul o all insects. Their striking appearance adds bothcolor and activity to the most pleasing o landscapes. They

may also be observed more easily and closely than otherspecies o wildlie. Moths expand the enjoyment time o yourgarden because they are active primarily during the night,while butteries and skippers are active during the day.

Butteries, skippers, and moths belong to the order Lepi-doptera. Virtually all members o this order are instrumentalin pollinating plants, some specifc to a single plant species.Lepidopterans should be conserved and managed becausethey are an essential component o both the animal oodchain and the reproductive process o plants. Locally, manysongbirds, reptiles, and amphibians depend upon these in-sects to survive. The best way to conserve Lepidopterans isto provide suitable habitats. This publication was developedto provide property owners or tenants the inormation neces-

sary to create these habitats with the greatest ease.

Lepidopteran Physical CharacteristicsA key method o determining Lepidopteran identity is

by observing antenna shape. A buttery will have knobby orclubbed looking antennae while a moths antennae will beeathery, plumed, or threadlike. The antennae o the skipperwill appear to be clubbed, yet with a eathery hook at the end.The skipper appears to be an intermediate group between thebuttery and moth. Remember, not all moths are active onlyat night. The Hummingbird Sphinx moth, or example, eedsduring the day, and rom a distance, looks and sounds like ahummingbird.

Lepidopterans are known or their ability to undergometamorphosis a change in orm and unction. This changeoccurs through the completion o our stages. First, the but-tery begins as a ertilized egg. It is laid inconspicuously in agroup or singly, usually under a lea, around a stem, or in lealitter. Depending upon environmental conditions, the egg willhatch in about fve to ten days. The next stage is the larvalor caterpillar stage. During this time, the caterpillar eedson plant material to gain enough energy reserves to sustain

itsel through the next stage o development. Next, the pupaor chrysalis stage occurs when the caterpillar fnds a suitableplant on which to weave a small silk patch or attachment andcomplete growth o a pupal skin.

The chrysalis matures in about two weeks. At that time,the adult buttery emerges with wet, olded wings. Ater dry-ing, the wings are ready or ight. The adult liespan, barringpredation, is about six days or males and nine days or

Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service


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Luna Moth (Actias luna)

Monarch Butterfy (Danaus plexippus)

Black Swallowtail (Papilio troilus)Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui), puddling

PhotobyRonMasters

PhotobyRonMasters

PhotobyMikeMasters

PhotobyStephanieSmith

emales. Silk moths such as the beautiul Luna moth, do noteed as adults. Rather, their sole unction as adults is to fndpartners and mate.

Lepidopterans display their most noticeable attributesby reecting light. Light is reected by the thousands o tinyscales that cover their our wings. Each scale grows rom asingle cell and has several important unctions. Scales rub oeasily, aiding the buttery in escape rom predators. Scalesalso enable the buttery to absorb light, which is essential ormaintaining body temperature. Some scales, usually in males,produce scents during courtship. Finally, scales produce the

brilliant or sometimes dull colors o butteries and moths. Thecolors can be the result o pigmentation or scale structure.Oten, scales are shaped like small prisms that diract lightinto iridescent colors. Some scales that appear to be whiteare actually hollow and clear, allowing light to be reectedand scattered. Structurally created colors are enhanced byuttering o the wings, which continually changes both theangle o light and intensity o reection.

Lepidopteran wings display some colors o light beyondthe human range o visual perception. Ultraviolet rays are cru-cial or survival because they guide eeding and reproductivebehavior. Lepidopterans use ultraviolet rays as visual cues to

locate nectar in owering plants. Unseen to humans, someblossoms have directions to nectar painted in ultravioletlight upon the petals o the ower. Males use ultraviolet lightduring courtship by reecting it rom their rapidly utteringwings. This display action produces a kaleidoscope eectintended to catch the attention o a nearby emale.

Lepidopterans are adept at detecting plants with suitablenectar in two ways, other than visually. First, they use theirantennae, which serve as the primary olactory receptor, tosample the essence o a plant. Second, on some emalebutteries, their two ront legs have adapted or the purpose

o tasting a plant to determine i it is the correct species onwhich to lay eggs.

Some species o butteries exhibit cryptic, or camouag-ing colors. Moths, or instance, may be dull across all bodysuraces while some butteries have only a dull appearanceon the underside o their wings. In this instance, the brilliantcolors above unction to communicate with other butterieswhile the plain sides unction to hide them rom predators.Some butteries mimic color patterns o poisonous butteries,and others may have alse antennae on the posterior end otheir body, giving them a higher chance o surviving a rontalpredator attack.


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Attracting Lepidopterans (butterfies, moths, and skippers) to your garden

A successul buttery garden will have:

A mixture o perrenials and annuals, including native plants.

Nectar plants (such as marigolds, petunias, and asters).

Plants or larvae (such as tomatoes and herbs).

A sunny location.

Shelter rom the wind.

Other eatures, such as mud puddles or ruit, to attract Lepidopterans.

Few insecticides and no bugzappers.

Behavior In addition to interesting physical characteristics, Lepidop-terans also exhibit several unique behavioral characteristics,

one o which is puddling. This occurs when many butteries ormoths gather around a puddle o water or a damp area romwhich water has evaporated and created a concentration ominerals that they need. Sodium is the primary attractant. Forthis reason they can be seen gathering on carrion, animaleces, urination sites, and old campfres. Males exhibit thisbehavior more than emales because they require additionalsodium or reproduction.

Another behavior exhibited by Lepidopterans is that ocourting. Males, while patrolling or perching, are drawn to e-males by detection o their movement and pheromones. Whenthey have located a potential mate, males begin uttering theirwings conspicuously and displaying their ultraviolet colors.

Butteries also bask in the bright sun because they cannot

y with a body temperature below 85F. Flight time aects eed-ing, mating, and egg laying productivity. Thereore, they mustorient their wings, oten colored black near the body or heatabsorption, toward the sun. Because moths cannot undertakethis procedure during night, they have adopted the practice oshivering in order to warm their bodies enough to y.

Planning the Landscape Several key elements must be provided or success inthe construction o your buttery garden. Growing nectarplants is the frst essential component. These are a primaryood source or adults, and without them your garden will notattract nearly as many Lepidopterans. Nectar plants should

be planted in large groups according to color. Butteriesrecognize the blooms more quickly this way. Also, it is wiseto select nectar plants that bloom over several seasons, sothat a ood source is provided over a longer period o time,increasing eeding activity and your observing opportunity.When planting nectar plants, provide plants o dierent height.Not only will your ower garden look more organized, it willgive both you and the butteries a wider visual picture o thecolorul blossoms.

The second essential component to provide is plants orLepidopteran larvae. This will also keep the adults in yourarea. However, most larvae do not eed on the same plants

as adults; thereore you must provide appropriate vegetationor emales to lay their eggs upon. This is an excellent wayto incorporate additional native plants into your landscapingtheme, because most larval-ood plants are native plants.You should note that many larval-ood plants are unsuitableor a showy ower border and would serve better as a largecollection in a separate area o your yard.

One possibility is to maintain an herb garden. Herbs suchas dill, ennel, parsley, and chives provide excellent ood orlarvae and produce enough oliage to be harvested or yourkitchen. Some vegetable crops such as tomatoes, cabbage,and broccoli are larval ood plants. Consider sacrifcing someo these rom your garden or your Lepidopteran visitors.Clover, which is both a nectar and larval-ood plant, may oc-

cur in your yard already. When seeded to an area that is notmowed, clover will become a beautiul owering addition toyour garden. Many colorul species are now available at yourgarden center.

In order to have a successul buttery garden, you mustlocate your plantings in a sunny location. This is importantor both plants and butteries. Most blooming plants needexposure to lots o sun to undergo enough photosynthesisto maintain nectar output. Also, butteries need an open,sheltered area or basking in the sun in order to raise theirbody temperatures enough to y. Egg development is alsoinhibited by cooler temperatures.

Shelter is another essential ingredient or your garden.Taller plants and delicate butteries need protection rom stronggusts o wind. Cooling winds lower the body temperature obutteries and limit blooming time o owering plants. Sheltercan be wind breaks in the orm o deciduous plants, coniers,or even heat absorbing rock ences. Vining plants on encescan serve a dual role as both shelter and a ood source whenspecies such as blackberries, Dutchmans pipe, and Japanesehoneysuckle are planted. Regardless o the type o shelterused, it should be located on the north and west sides o yourgarden to block the colder winds.


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U.S. Plant Hardiness Zone Map

Source: UDSA U.S. Plant Hardiness Zone Map

Components other than plants can be used to attractLepidopterans to your yard. Try using other attractants suchas mud puddles, wet sand, ruit, sap, manure, or even car-rion. There are also tried and true moth brews that can bemade rom simple ingredients and painted on tree trunks toallow you to get a closer look at the oten unseen night y-ing moths. This technique is called sugaring. Most recipessimply consist o mashed, ermented ruit, yeast, and alcohol.Mashed bananas and a small amount o stale beer alone will

work extremely well. When trying to observe or photographmoths at night, keep in mind that they are usually inactiveon ull moon evenings yet preer hot, humid nights beore astorm. Also, moths seem to have an afnity or white owersand those emitting their ragrances at night. Intensely brightlights will drive them away whereas a simple ashlight flteredwith a red, yellow, or even a paper-towel lens will not disturbthem very much. Some moths remain relatively active throughNovember.

When trying to attract insects to your yard, the broadscaleuse o insecticides is inappropriate. Additionally, bugzap-pers, even though they are intended to control mosquitoes,will mainly attract and destroy male moths. Thereore, thesecontrol measures should not be a part o your landscapingplan. As an alternative control measure, pheromone trapsare now available, and will successully remove the males omany unwanted pests rom your yard.

When landscaping to attract Lepidopterans, keep inmind these principles or ormulating your garden plan. Besure to mix perennials and annuals. Annuals bloom or oneseason only and may have delayed blooming i grown romseed. Perennials, however, already have established rootsand tend to bloom within a predictable time rame. Someperennials may be annuals i they cannot survive the wintertemperatures in your area. Winter mulching may provide theextra protection that they need rom the cold. Use native

plants whenever possible because the Lepidopterans arealready amiliar with these species and have had successwith them in the past. In act, buttery declines are a directresult o loss o prime habitat that consists o native plantspecies. Pollination o many native plant species requiresspecifc adult Lepidopterans or the successul reproductiono that species. Native plants are also beautiul, winter hardy,resistant to disease, low maintenance, and an important parto our regional biodiversity.

SYMBOL KEY

Plant type: S = Short TRE = Tree AN = AnnualM = Medium SHR = Shrub BI = BiennialT = Tall VIN = Vine PR = Perennial

Origin: E = Exotic N = Native

Blooming Season: E = Early SP = Spring WI - WinterM = Middle SU = SummerL = Late AU = Autumn

Height/Width: FT. = Feet

Hardiness: 1-11 = Hardiness Zones

Sun: F = Full P = PartialS = Shade ALL = All exposures

Moisture: D = Dry M = MoistW = Wet WD = Well drained

Soil: ALL = Broad Ranges L = LoamyC = Clayey S = Sandy

Color: BLU = Blue BRW = Brown GRE = GreenLAV = Lavender MAN = Many colors ORE = OrangePIK = Pink PUR = Purple RED = RedROS = Rose TAN = Tan VIO = VioletWHT = White YEL = Yellow

* = Larval ood plant also


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LEPIDOPTERAN-NECTAR TREES AND SHRUBS

Name Plant Origin Blooming Height Width Hardiness Sun Moisture Soil Color

type Season

Azaleas SHR N ESP 4 FT. 6 FT. 7-10 PS MW SL REDRhododendron obtusum Hino

Black willow TRE N SP 70 FT. 40 FT. 3-9 FP WM ALL GRESalix nigra

Blackberry amily VIN N MSP 6 FT. 20 FT. 6-9 FP MW SL WHTRubus trivialis

Boxelder TRE N ESP 75 FT. 45 FT. 2-9 FP MD ALL GREAcer negundo

Buttery bush SHR E M-LSU 15 FT. 8 FT. 5-9 F MD ALL MANSummer LilacBuddleia davidi

Buckeye TRE N SP 15 FT. 12 FT. 5-9 PS WM ALL YELAesculus glabra

Buttonbush SHR N LSP-SU 12 FT. 9 FT. 6-10 FP WM ALL TANCephalanthus occidentalis

Cherry, wild* MTRE N LSP-ESU 50 FT. 20 FT. 2-9 F MW SL WHTPrunus serotina

Coralberry MSHR N SU 3 FT. 3 FT. 4-9 PS MD ALL GREIndian currantSymphoricarpos orbiculatus

Crape Myrtle STRE E SU 25 FT. 15 FT. 7-10 F M ALL MANLagerstroemia indica

Dutchmans pipe VIN E MSP 30 FT. 20 FT. 2-9 FP M ALL GREAristolochia durior

Eastern redbud STRE N LW-MSP 25 FT. 20 FT. 4-9 FP MD L ROSCercis canadensis

English lavender SSHR E MSU-EAU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-9 F MD L BLULavandula angustiolia

Flowering dogwood STRE N ESP-ESU 15 FT. 15 FT. 4-9 F MWD SL ROSCherokee ChieCornus orida

Glossy abelia MSHR E M-LSU 10 FT. 10 FT. 5-10 FP MD ALL WHTAbelia x grandiora

Hard hack SSHR N ESP 4 FT. 5 FT. 3-5 F MD ALL WHTSpiraea tomentosa

Honeysuckle,Japanese VIN E SP-SU 8 FT. 8 FT. 6-9 FP M ALL WHT

Lonicera japonica

Jasmine, winter SHR E ESP 5 FT. 10 FT. 7-10 F MD ALL YELJasminum nudiorum

Labrador tea SSHR N LSP 3 FT. 3 FT. 2-5 F W ALL WHTLedum groenlandicum

Lilac SHR E E-LSP 15 FT. 10 FT. 4-7 FP MD SL LAVSyringa vulgaris, and cultivars

Narrowleameadowsweet SSHR N ESP 4 FT. 3 FT. 3-5 F WM L WHT

Spiraea alba

New Jersey tea SSHR N SU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 F D SL WHTCeanothus americanus

Oak amily* TRE N E-LSP 50 FT. 50 FT. 3-9 F MD L GREQuercus spp.

Paw paw* TSHR N E-LSP 30 FT. 15 FT. 5-8 P MW L BRWAsimina triloba


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type Season

Plums; Chickasaw,Sand, etc. SHR N ESP-LSU 6 FT. 6 FT. 3-8 F MD SL WHT

Prunus angustiolia

Privet, common TSHR E SU 20 FT. 20 FT. 4-9 FP MD ALL WHTLigustrum vulgare

Red mulberry MTRE N SP 50 FT. 30 FT. 4-9 F M ALL PUR

Morus rubraRiver Birch TRE N ESP 60 FT. 30 FT. 2-9 FP M SL GREBetula nigra

Rose, Japanese MSHR E SP 6 FT. 6 FT. 2-9 F MD SL ROSRosa rugosa

Rosemary SSHR E LSP-MSU 3 FT. 3 FT. 6-10 F MD L BLURosmarinus ofcinalis

Silverberry* STRE E MA-LA 9 FT. 9 FT. 2-8 F WMD SL WHTRussian OliveEleagnus angustiolia

Spicebush* SHR N ESP 12 FT. 12 FT. 5-9 FP M SL YELLindera benzoin

Sumac, shining,

winged TSHR N LSP 15 FT. 10 FT. 4-9 FP MD SL REDRhus copallina & R. glabra

Summersweet,Pepperbush SHR N SU 8 FT. 6 FT. 3-9 FP WM SL WHT

Clethra alniolia

Sweet mock orange SHR E MSP 9 FT. 9 FT. 4-9 FP M ALL WHTPhiladelphus coronarius

Wayaring bush SHR E SP 8 FT. 12 FT. 3-7 FP WMD L WHTViburnum lantana

Weigela, old-ashioned SHR E LSP 9 FT. 6 FT. 5-8 FP MW L PIKWeigela orida

Willow, laurel TRE E ESP 36 FT. 20 FT. 5-9 FP WM ALL GRESalix pentandra

Willow, prairie SHR N ESP 8 FT. 8 FT. 4-8 F W ALL GRESalix humilis

Willow, pussy TSHR N ESP 20 FT. 15 FT. 2-8 F WM L TANSalix discolor

Witchhazel, common TSHR N E-LAU 20 FT. 20 FT. 4-8 FP MW SL YELHamamelis virginianus

Witchhazel, vernal MSHR N MW-ESP 10 FT. 10 FT. 4-8 FP W SL YELHamamelis vernalis

LEPIDOPTERAN-NECTAR ANNUALS

Anise or Anise-Hyssop AN E LSU 3 FT. 1 FT. 5-9 F MD SL BLUAgastache oeniculum

Asters* AN N SU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 F MD SL MANAster spp.

Black-eyed Susan AN N MSU-MA 3 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 FP M ALL YELRudbeckia hirta pulcherrima

Begonia AN E ESU-LAU 1.5 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 PF M L REDOthelloBegonia semperorens

Borage AN E SU 3 FT. 3 FT. 3-8 FP MD SL BLUBoago ofcinalis

Canterbury bells AN E SU 3 FT. 2 FT. 2-8 FP M SL BLUCampanula medium


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Verbena AN E SP-AU 1 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 F M SL MANVerbena hybrida

Winter Savory AN E MS-EAU 1 FT. 1 FT. 5-8 FP MD SL WHTSatureja montana

Zinnia AN E SU-LAU 3 FT. 1 FT. 4-9 FP M L MAN

Zinnia elegans

LEPIDOPTERAN-NECTAR BIENNIALS/PERENNIALS

Adams NeedleYucca PR N SU 3 FT. 8 FT. 6-10 FP MD ALL WHT

Yucca flimentosa

American columbine PR N MSP 3 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 PF M L MANAquilegia canadensis, hybrids

Asters, New England* PR N LSU 4 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 FP MD L MANAster novae-angliae, A. belgii

Boneset PR N LSU-EAU 3 FT. 1 FT. 4-9 FP MD L BLUJoe-Pye weed

Eupatorium peroliatum

Bouncing bet PR E MSU-EAU 3 FT. 3 FT. 3-7 F WD SL PIKSoapwortSaponaria ofcinalis

Bush clover PR N SLP-SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 6-9 F D SL PIKLespedeza capitataButtery weed* PR N SU-MAU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-9 F MD SL OREAsclepias tuberosa

Centaurea PR E MSP-MSU 4 FT. 1 FT. 3-8 F WMD L BLUCornower, bachelor buttonCentaurea macrocephlala

Common eveningprimrose PR N ESU 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 F WM ALL WHT

Oenothera speciosa

Coreopsis PR N ESU-EAU 2 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 F MD SL YELCoreopsis auriculata

Chrysanthemum PR E AU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 FP M SL MANDendranthema x grandiora

Crimson clover* BI E SU 1.5 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MD L REDTriolium incarnatum

Daodil PR N ESP 1.5 FT. .5 FT 4-9 FP M SL YELNarcissus spp.

Dames violet,Sweet rocket BI E SP 4 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 PS MD ALL PUR

Hesperis matronalis

Docks* PR E LSU 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 FP D ALL BRWRumex spp.

Dogbane, intermediate PR N SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 FP MD L WHTApocynum medium

Dogbane, Siberian PR E SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 2-7 FP MD L WHTApocynum sibiricum

Fireweed PR N MSU-EAU 4 FT. 3 FT. 3-8 PF MD SL REDEpilobium angustiolium

Fleabane BI N LSP-SU 2 FT. 2 FT. 2-8 F M L BLUErigeron spp.

Foxglove, purple BI E LSP-MSU 3 FT. 2 FT. 4-9 FP M LS PURDigitalis purpurea


type Season


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Gaillardia,Blanket ower PR N SU-AU 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-10 F MD SL RED

Gaillardia x grandiora

Garden sage PR E ESU-MSU 1 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 FP MD ALL BLUSalvia ofcinalis

Gayeather, dotted PR N LSU-MAU 2 FT. 1 FT. 5-9 FP MD SL PURLiatris punctata

Gayeather, Kansas PR N LSU-MAU 2 FT. 1 FT. 4-9 FP D L LAVPrairie Button SnakerootLiatris pycnostachya

Gayeather; tall,spiked PR N LSU-MAU 3 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 F M SL PUR

Liatris scariosa, L. spicata

Globe thistle, dwar PR E SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 FP MD SL BLUEchinops ritro

Goldenrods PR N LSU-MAU 3 FT. 2 FT. 2-8 F DM ALL YELSolidago spp.

Grape hyacinth PR E ESP-MSP .5 FT. .5 FT. 3-8 F M SL BLUMuscari neglectum

Hollyhock BI E SU 3 FT. 1 FT. 5-9 F MD ALL MANAlcaea rosea

Hyssop PR E LSP-MSU 2 FT. 1.5 FT. 4-9 F D ALL BLUHyssopus ofcinalis

Indian hemp PR N SU 3 FT. 2 FT. 4-9 F MD L WHTApocynum cannabinum

Iris; German, Dutch PR E SP-ESU 3 FT. 1 FT. 5-8 FP MD L MANIris germanica, I. xiphium

Leadplant PR N SU 3 FT. 5 FT. 4-8 F MD L PURAmorpha canescens

Lemon balm PR E SU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-9 FP MW L WHTMelissa ofcinalis

Lovage PR E SU 6 FT. 4 FT. 5-7 FP M L YELLevisticum ofcinale

Lupine, wild* PR N LSP-MSU 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 ALL MD L WHTLupinus perennis

Madonna lily PR E MSU-LSU 6 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 FP M SL MANLilium candidum

Maltese Cross PR E SU 2 FT. 3 FT. 3-9 FP MD L ORELychnis chalcedonica

Maximillian sunower* PR N LSU 6 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 F MD ALL YELHelianthus maximiliani

Milkweed, common* PR N LSP-LSU 3 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 FP MD ALL GREAsclepias latiolia

Milkweed, prairie* PR N LSP-SU 5 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F M ALL WHT

Asclepias viridis

Milkweed, showy* PR N LSP-ESU 3 FT. 3 FT. 4-9 FP M ALL ROSAsclepias speciosa

Milkweed, swamp* PR N SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 FP MW ALL WHTAsclepias incarnata

Mound Lily Yucca PR N SU 6 FT. 8 FT. 6-10 FP MD ALL WHTYucca gloriosa

Mountain bluet PR E LSP-MSU 2 FT. 1 FT. 3-8 F MD L BLUBachelors ButtonCentaurea montana


type Season


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Obedient plant PR N EAU 2.5 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 FP MD ALL LAVPhysostegia virginiana

Oriental poppy PR E LSP-ESU 3 FT. 1 FT. 3-8 F MW SL MANPapavar orientale

Oxeye sunower* PR N MSU-AU 3 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 F M ALL YELHeliopsis helianthoides

Ozark Sundrop PR N SP 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F D L YELOenothera macrocarpa

Peony, Garden PR E MSP 3 FT. 4 FT. 3-8 FP MD L MANPaeonia latiora

Pearly everlasting,cudweed PR N LSU-EAU 2 FT. 1 FT. 3-8 F MD L WHT

Anaphalis margaritacea

Peppermints PR E SU 2 FT. 2 FT. 5-9 FP MW L WHTMentha piperita, etc.

Persian cornower PR E SU 1.5 FT. 1 FT. 4-7 FP M L PIKCentaurea dealbata

Pincushion ower PR E SU 2 FT. 1 FT. 3-7 F MW SL BLUScabiosa caucasica

Prairie blazing star PR N SU-EAU 4 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 FP M L LAVLiatris pycnostachya

Prairie thistle* PR N SU-EAU 2 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 F MD ALL LAVCirsium undulatum

Purple coneower* PR N SU 4 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 F MD ALL PUREchinacea purpurea

Queen Annes lace* BI E SU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 FP MD ALL WHTWild carrotDaucus carota

Red Valerian PR E ESP-ESU 3 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MW SL REDCentranthus ruber

Rock cress PR E ESP 1 FT. 1.5 FT. 4-7 FP WD SL WHTArabis caucasia

Rosemary PR E ESP-MSU 2 FT. 3 FT. 6-9 F M L BLURosemarinus ofcinalis

Selheal PR E ESU 1 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 FP W L BLUPrunella grandiora

Shasta Daisies PR E ESU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 FP M L WHTLeucanthemum x superbum

Showy sunower* PR N MSU-AU 4 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MD LS YELHelianthus multiorus

Snapdragon* PR E LSP-SU 2.5 FT. 1 FT. 3-9 F MD L MANAntirrhinum majus

Solomans seal PR N LSP 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 S MW L WHTPolygonatum biorum

Sedum, showystonecrop* PR E LSU-LAU 2 FT. 2 FT. 3-9 FP D SL ROS

Hylotelephium spectabile

Sweet Violet* PR N SP .5 FT. .5 FT 4-8 S M ALL VIOViola odorata

Tawny daylily PR E ESU-EAU 3 FT. 3 FT. 3-9 FP MD ALL OREHemerocallis ulva

Thyme, common PR E SU 1 FT. 1 FT. 5-8 F MD SL PIKThymus vulgaris

Tickseed sunower PR N ESP-SU 4 FT. 1 FT. 6-9 F MW SL YELWestern tickseedBidens aristosa


type Season


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type Season

Torch lily PR E SU 3 FT. 1 FT. 5-9 F WD SL OREKniphofa uvaria

Turtlehead* PR N SU 2 FT. 1 FT. 3-8 F WM L PIKChelone glabra

Vetches* PR N SU 3 FT. 5 FT. 4-8 F MD ALL PURVicia spp.

Western sunower* PR N SU-EAU 3 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MD SL YELHelianthus occidentalis

Wild marjoram,Oreganum PR E MSU-LSU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MW SL PIK

Origanum vulgare

Wild bergamot or Beebalm PR N SU 3 FT. 6 FT. 4-9 FP M L REDMonarda didyma

Yarrow PR N E-MSU 2 FT. 1 FT. 4-8 F MD L WHT

Achillea milleolium

LEPIDOPTERAN-LARVAL TREES AND SHRUBSBlueberry,Rabbit-eye SSHR N ESU 10 FT. 10 FT. 7-10 FP M L PIK

Vaccinium ashei

Cottonwood TRE N ESP 80 FT. 40 FT. 3-10 F D ALL WHTPopulus deltoides

Elm, winged TRE N ESP-LAU 50 FT. 50 FT. 5-8 F D ALL GREUlmus alata

Hackberry STRE N ESP 60 FT. 40 FT. 5-10 F MW L GRECeltis spp.

Leadplant SSHR N LSU 3 FT. 3 FT. 2-9 F D ALL PURAmorpha canescens

Locust, black STRE N ESP 50 FT. 40 FT. 4-10 FP D ALL WHTRobinia pseudoacacia

Passion vine VIN N SU 20 FT. 10 FT. 7-10 FP MD SL LAVPassiora incarnata

Tulip tree TRE N ESU 60 FT. 40 FT. 4-9 FP WM L RED/GRELiriodendron tulipiera

LEPIDOPTERAN-LARVAL ANNUALSCabbage, owering AN E SP 1 FT. 1 FT. 2-9 F M SL MANBrassica oleracea capitata

Balsam, white AN N LSU 3 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 F D SL WHTGnaphalium obtusiolium

Beans AN E ESU 7 FT. 2 FT. 3-8 F M L WHTPhaseolus spp.

Broccoli AN E SP 3 FT. 2 FT. 2-9 F M SL GREBrassica oleracea italica

Everlasting, cudweed AN N LS-EAU 1.5 FT. 1.5 FT. 4-8 F D SL PURGnaphalium purpureum

Mallow tree AN E SU 5 FT. 3 FT. 5-8 F MD ALL ROSMalva lavantera thuringiaca

Smartweed AN N SU-AU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F M CL PIKPolygonum spp.

Sneezeweed AN N SU-EAU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-9 F D ALL YELHelenium spp.

Tomato AN E SU 5 FT. 3 FT. 3-10 F M L YEL/RED

Solanum esculentum


12/12

6430-12

LEPIDOPTERAN-LARVAL BIENNIALS/PERENNIALS

Alala PR E SLP-ESU 2.5 FT. 3.5 FT. 4-8 F M L LAVMedicago sativa

False nettle PR E LS-EAU 1.5 FT. 1.5 FT. 4-8 F S SL PURBoehmeria cylindrica

Hops, common PR/VIN E SPR 15 FT. 10 FT. 4-8 F M SL GRE

Humulus lupulus

Knotweed PR/AN N SU-AU 2 FT. 2 FT. 4-8 F MW CL PIK

Polygonum spp.

Partridge pea, showy PR N SU-EAU 3 FT. 3 FT. 3-10 F D ALL YEL

Cassia asciculata

Sorrel, rosy canaigre PR N SP 3 FT. 3 FT. 4-8 F D ALL ROS

Rumex hymenosepalus

Winter cress PR E LSP 3 FT. 3 FT. 3-9 F D ALL YEL

Barbarea vulgaris


type Season

The inormation given herein is or educational purposes only. Reerence to commercial products or trade names ismade with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative ExtensionService is implied.

Native Plant SuppliersAimers Quality Seeds & Bulbs Boothe Hill Wildfowers81 Temperance St. 23 B Boothe HillAurora, ONT Chapel Hill, NC 27514Canada L4G 2R1

W. Atlee Burpee Co. H.G. Hastings Co.300 Park Ave. P.O. Box 115535Warminster, PA 18974 Atlanta, GA 30310

Larner Seeds Moon Mountain WildfowersP.O. Box 407 P.O. Box 34Bolinas, CA 94924 Morro Bay, CA 93443

Niche Gardens Native Gardens1111 Dawson Rd. 5737 Fisher LaneChapel Hill, NC 27516 Greenback, TN 37742

Park Seed Co. Prairie NurseryP.O. Box 46 P.O. Box 306-RGreenwood, SC 29647 Westfeld, WI 53964

Sunlight Gardens Inc. Sunshine Farm and NurseryRoute 1, Box 600-OG Route 1, Box 4030Andersonville, TN 37705 Clinton, OK 73601

ReerencesBrewer, Jo, Dave Winter. 1986. Butteries and moths: a companion

to your feld guide. Prentice Hall Press, N.Y. 194 pp.

Dirr, Michael A. 1990. Manual o woody landscape plants. StipesPublishing Co., Champaign. 937 pp.

Henderson, Carrol L. 1987. Landscaping or wildlie. Minnesota Dept.o Natural Resources, St. Paul. 144 pp.

Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium Sta. 1976. Hortus third. MacmillanPublishing Co., New York. 1177 pp.

Little, Elbert L. Jr. 1981. Forest trees o Oklahoma. Okla. State Dept.o Agriculture, Forestry Div. Publ. 1. Rev. ed. 12. 204 pp.

McCoy, Doyle. 1976. Roadside owers o Oklahoma. Vols I, II. C andJ Printing Co., Lawton. Vol I, 116 pp., Vol II, 60 pp.

Mitchell, Paul J. 1985. Perennial owers and bulbs or Oklahoma.Oklahoma State University. Horticulture - Landscape ArchitectureDept. HORT 4-2.

Perry, Frances. 1974. Simon and schusters complete guide to plants

and owers. Simon and Schuster, New York. 269pp.Scott, James A. 1986. The butteries o north america: a natural his-

tory and feld guide. Stanord Univ. Press, Stanord. 10-82.Sedenko, Jerry. 1991. The buttery garden. Villard Books, New

York. 144 pp.Still, Steven M. 1994. Manual o herbaceous ornamental plants.

Stipes Publishing Co., Champaign. 702 pp. Stokes, Donald andLillian, Ernest Williams. 1991. The buttery book: an easy guideto buttery gardening, identifcation, and behavior. Little, Brown,and Company. 1-33.

Tilden, James W., Arthur Clayton Smith. A feld guide to westernbutteries. 1986. Houghton Miin Co., Boston. 5-32.

Villiard, Paul. 1975. Moths and how to rear them. Dover Publications,Inc., New York. 16, 232-235.

Whitcomb, Carl E. 1985. Know it and grow it. Vol. II. Lacebark Pub-lications, Stillwater. 740 pp.

Xerces Society/Smithsonian Institution. 1990. Buttery gardening:

creating summer magic in your garden. Sierra Club Books, SanFrancisco. 192 pp.

Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII o the Civil Rights Act o 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX o the Education Amendments o 1972, Americanswith Disabilities Act o 1990, and other ederal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis o race, color, national origin, gender, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran inany o its policies, practices, or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, fnancial aid, and educational services.

Issued in urtherance o Cooperative Extension work, acts o May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department o Agriculture, Robert E. Whitson, Director o Cooperative Ex-tension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Directoro the Division o Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost o $2.22 per copy. 0604

oklahoma; landscaping to attract butterflies - oklahoma state university

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