okra insects a lecture by allah dad khan provincial coordinator ipm minfal islamabad
TRANSCRIPT
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Okra Insects A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator
IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan
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• Crop: BhendiScientific Name: Ablemoschus esculantusFamily: Malvaceae
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Shoot and fruit borer: Earias vitella, E. insulana
Symptoms of damage:
• Terminal shoots wither and droop
• Shedding of buds and flowers
• Bore hole in fruits and feed• Deformed fruits
Larvae of E. vitella feeding on okra fruit
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Shoot and fruit borer
Adult Eggs of E. vitella laid on okra fruit
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Shoot and fruit borerIdentification of pest:
• E. Vitella:• Egg: Sculptured egg and sky blue in
colour• Larva: Brownish with white streaks
dorsally and pale yellow ventrally• Adult: Forewing are pale with a wedge
shaped green band in the middle• E. insulana:• Larva: Brown with dorsum showing a
white median longitudinal streak• Pupa: Brown and boat shaped• Adult: Forewing are uniformly silvery
green
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Bhendi fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera
Symptoms of damage:
• Feed on the flowers• Circular boreholes on fruits• Larva thrust only part of
their body inside the fruit feed
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Bhendi fruit borerIdentification of pest:
• Eggs: Are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
• Larva: Shows colour variation from greenish to brown
• Pupa: Brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, and pod
• Adult: Female brownish yellow stout moth, Male is pale greenish in colour with V shaped markings
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Shoot weevil: Alcidodes affaber
Symptoms of damage:
• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots
Bore hole on shoot
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Shoot weevil
Infected terminal shoot Adults feed on terminal shoots
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Shoot weevilIdentification of pest:
• Grubs - creamy yellow, apodous
• Adults - dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra
Egg
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Shoot weevil
Grub Adult
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Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis
Symptoms of damage:
• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots
Grub feed on stem
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Stem weevilIdentification of pest:
• Grubs: Creamy yellow, apodous
• Adults: Dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra
Adult
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Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata
Symptoms of damage:
• Caterpillar rolled the leaves• Scrapping the chlorophyll
content and feed inside• Defoliation
Rolled Leaves
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Stem weevilIdentification of pest:
• Larva: Bright green (glistening) with dark head and prothoracic shield
• Adult: moth with yellow wings having brown wavy markings
Adult
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Semilooper: Anomis flava
Symptoms of damage:
• Caterpillar fed on the leaves• Defoliation
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Semilooper
Larva• Identification of pest:
Adult
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Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci
Symptoms of damage:
• Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue
• Severe infestation results in premature defoliation
• Development of sooty mold• Vector of yellow vein
mosaic virus
Yellowing of leaf tissue and adult
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WhiteflyIdentification of pest:
• Nymph: Greenish yellow, oval in outline
• Adult: Minute insects with yellow body covered with a white waxy bloom
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Jassids: Amrasca devastans
Symptoms of damage:
• Tender leaves become yellow• The margin of the leaves start
curling downwards and reddening sets in
• In the case of severe infestation leaves get a bronze which is typical “hopper burn” symptom
• The margins of the leaf get broken and crumble into pieces when crushed
• The leaves dried up and shed and growth of the crop is retarded
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JassidsIdentification of pest:
• NymphAdult • Nymph: Light green,
translucent, wingless found between the veins of leaves on the under surface
• Adult: Green, wedge shaped leafhopper
Nymph/Adult
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Aphid: Aphis gossypii
Symptoms of damage:
• Infesting tender shoots and under surface of the leaves.
• Curling and crinkling of leaves
• Stunted growth• Development of black sooty
mould due to the excretion of honey dew
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AphidIdentification of pest:
• Nymphs: Yellowish or greenish brown found on the undersurface of leaves.
• Adults: - are greenish brown, soft bodied and small insects
Aphid Adults
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Corn earworm
• Early instar cream colored or yellowish-green with few markings; later instar green, reddish, or brown with pale longitudinal stripes and scattered black spots; moderately hairy; up to 44 mm long; three pairs of legs, five pairs of prolegs eats holes in pods
Figure 1. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), light-colored or greenish form
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Corn Ear worm
Figure 2. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), dark-colored or brown form.
Figure 3. Pupa of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in cell at ear tip.
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Corn worm
• Figure 4. Adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie).
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Japanese beetle
Identification • - Hard-bodied, shiny,
metallic green beetle with coppery brown wing covers which meet in a straight line down the center of the back; body about 13 mm long skeletonizes leaves; may also eat pods
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Melon aphid -
Identification • Yellow or green in host, dry
summers; pale to dark green in cool seasons; body up to 2 mm long; cornicles slightly longer than or twice as long as cauda; nymph similar in color to adult
Figure 1. Nymphs (mixed ages) and dark form of wingless adult of melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover
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Melon AphidFigure 2. Winged adult (black morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.
Figure 3. Winged adult (yellow morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypiiGlover
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Leaffooted bugs and Stink • bugs - Bugs up to 19 mm long;
adult green or brown and shield-shaped (stink bug, or brown with enlarged, flattened hind legs (leaffooted bug, ; stink bug nymph pale green or green with orange and black markings ; leaffooted bug nymph red ; pierce buds, pods, and seeds causing pods to be deformed and seeds to be shriveled; wart-like growths appear on pods
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Bugs
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus clypealis.
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus. Note the two yellow spots on the pronotum behind the head, characteristic of this species
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Bugs
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Eggs of leaffooted bugs, Leptoglossus sp.
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• Small leaffooted bug nymph, Leptoglossus zonatus.
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European Corn Borer Figure 3. Mature larva of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner).
Figure 4. Adult male European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), pinned specimen.
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Comparison between male (1) and female (2) European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)
1. Male 2. Female
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Leaf miner -
• Colorless to bright yellow maggot with black mouthparts; body up to 3 mm long; pointed head; S-shaped mines in leaves, often enlarged at one end
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