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3

6

7

Master plan of the Wall

Using clay imprints collected from around the city we

constructed a wall made out of plaster bricks. The blocks

represented different areas of Newcastle and various time

periods.The plan was to let the various groups add on the

wall bit by bit, creating an almost dynamic and vibrant

representation of Newcastle stretching across the room.

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9

Simulacrum

A faithful reproduction,

where the original is either

precisely copied or

intentionally distorted in

order to make the copy

appear correct to viewers

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11

12

13

14

Placed, Displaced

Site Brandling, Newcastle

Date 07.10.13 - 29.10.13

The ProjectThe project focuses on the spatial and volumetric planning and de-

sign of small terraced houses, with the central idea being to generate,

test and decaler a range of possible alternatives within a given, fixed volume

Initial IdeaThe design is based around the use of angles to control the use of

natural daylight within the house, despite being located in a row of

houses.

Front Elevation

1:50 Cardboard Model

Section A

1:50 Cardboard Model

Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor

15

Hand drawn sketch: Internal perspective of lounge and kitchen•

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Key Aspects

Even though it’s a small property, I have subtracted

parts of the building in order to maximize soalr gain in

internal spaces. By creating these “Angles of Light” all

parts of the building will recieve natural daylight without

compremising privacy.

The building is designed around the individtual activities

that take place in the building. By dividing the space into

various compartments I have created exciting thresholds

between indoor and outdoor spaces, as well as ensuring

the each space serves a specific purpose.

Section A

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18

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Key Design Aspects

The narrow site located on outskirts of Newcastle City Centre is

exposed to both traffic and the noise from the city. The inhabitatnts of the building seek shelter from their troubled life in hope of a new begin-

ning. By keeping keeping the western side of the building soild and

folding over the structure, the building controls access and movement

achieving a greater sense of privacy . The Foyer will in other words protect the

youth from the temptations of the city and keeps them away from the edge.

The Project

The design is meant to resolve the programmatic and contextual chal-

langes asssociated with designing a small housing scheme in the heart

of Newcastle. Foyers are integrated learning and accommodation centres

providing safe and secure housing, support and training for young peo-

ple aged 16-25. Young people entering a Foyer are expected to actively

engage in their own development and make a positive constribution to

their local community.

Living on the Edge

Site Ouseburn Valley, Newcastle

Date 30.10.13 - 11.12.13

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21

22

-2 -1 G 123

•

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• Each bedroom has a secluded bed inside the wall for

an increased sense of safety and private balcony de-

signed in way the restricts any unwanted insight.

• Boat building workshop with view from classroom. Old

boats enter throught the gate furthest back and move

towards a full restoration along a conveyor-belt system.

• Sketch of the entrance foyer where you instantly get

an overview of the various activities in the building

25

Section S-1

26

Section S-4

27

28

29

Civic Centred

Site Tynemouth, Newcastle

Date 27.01.14 - 11.03.14

Photography Study

Night

30

Daytime

31

A: Civic Centre and Leisure

B: Cafe and Creche

Seperate the two very

different activities

Push both sections away

from each other to create

sheltered outdoor spaces

Completely seperate the two

buildings to allow for

vehicular access to both the

building and the pier

Follow the angle of the pier

for increased circulation and

better view.

32

The cafe will have a framed

view of the pier, while the

“chopped” of part creates a

shorter tunnel/passage way

through the building

The two opposing activities

are joined by the common

ground of the Moot Hall

- taking full advantage of

the sun to easily adapt to

various events that will take

place throughout each day

The Civic Centre is placed in

the back to minimize visual

impact on the site while en-

suring great views from the

building

A ramp leading on top of

the cafe and connecting to

the exisitng pier allows for

universal access to both the

formal entrance of the build-

ing and the lighthouse

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34

35

SectionsAbove: Ramp leading up has a slope of 1:12 making

it accessible for wheelchari users.

Right: The majority of the buildings mass is pushed

back on the site, minemising the visual impact. The

Civic Centre has three stories, with the mayor being

the only one on the third floor, to ensure views and solar gain.

Internal RenderingPage 37, top: Main entrance to Cafe

Page 37, left: External, but sheltered climbing wall

Page 37, right: View from the Mayor’s office

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South Elevation

40

41

42

43

Crossover

Site SheffieldDate 12.03.14 - 29.04.14

Left Map of Sheffield and key points of interest and exisitng transportation

used to tactically place bicycle

hubs around the city.

Above Initial sketches

44

and becoming increasingly so as clients place

greater emphasis on sustainability, low carbon

construction and the use of natural, renewable

building materials.

Timber is an important material for construction

and becoming increasingly so as clients place

Key Design Aspects:We want the main hub to be composed of the smaller

units placed around the city to make the project recog-

nisable. By organising timber in a certain order we con-

structed a variety of structures that held tegether without

any glue or metal fixtures. Our concept is based around a self-suppoerting structure for a self-sustaining future.

TRADA, in this inaugural competition, is bring-

ing together aspects of localism and sustainable

living and asking you to design/devise a con-

ceptual building using British timber to serve the

cycling community in Sheffield.

tTimber is an important material for construction

A collection of reciprocal structures

Conceptual diagram explaing the layout of our design

45

46

47

Skylights in the roof of the bike storage is

disigned to create the same sensation

you get when you walk in a forrest and the

sun shines through the leafs

Section S-3

First Floor

Ground Floor

48

Section S-2

Section S-1

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50

51

52

53

54

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Introduction !

Standard Assessment Procedure!

Greenhouse Gas Emissions!The increasing rate of greenhouse gas emissions poses a great threat to our climate and the domestic sector is largely responsible. In 2012 the residential sector was accountable for about 15%1 of the total CO2 emissions in the UK, a 11.8% increase since 2011. Meeting our climate change targets is going to be impossible without tackling the emissions from our homes. !!The UK’s housing stock could be easily transformed into cheaper to run, low carbon homes by the end of the next decade. But, without a radical shift in Government policy, the UK is set to fall short of the Government’s own target for cutting household energy bills and reducing CO2 emissions by 80% in 2050. !!!!!!!!! !Standard Assessment Procedure !The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is adopted by Government as the UK methodology for calculating the energy performance of dwellings. The procedure is taking into account the variety of factors that contribute to energy efficiency and loss. The SAP scale ranges from one to a hundred, where a hundred represents zero energy costs. !!When designing new buildings, this method is used to determine the Dwelling CO2 Emission Rate (DER) and ensure that this is less than the Target CO2 Emission Rate (TER). The current standard is at Level 3, or a 25 DER/TER percentage. My initial design in a credit rating of one and according to the current code for sustainable homes this design would just be suitable for construction, but major improvements would be needed to reach current standards. !!Findings !As explained in this report, the altered design resulted in a credit rating of 10, with a 53% improvement of DER over TER. This resulted in a drop of energy costs from £287,76 to £195,73 as well as increased solar gain. Due to the increased insulation of the boiler, the Internal Gain went down. The credit rating of 10 puts the building at level 4, which exceeds the mandatory values for dwellings stated in the Code for sustainable homes. !! !

DER/TER !(%) !

Credit Rating!

SAP! CO2 Emissions (kg CO2/year)!

Energy Cost (£) !

Solar Gains (Watts) !

Internal Gains (Watts)!

Before! 1! 1! 82.86! 1732.64! 287.76! 906.24! 593.28!

After! 53! 10! 88.34! 1144.99! 195.73! 986.11! 494.03!

56

!Timber Wall Insulation !Product: Kingspan THERMAwall TW55 !Thickness: 80mm + 80mm !U-value: 0.14 W/m2K !!!!My design has a timber frame wall on !the North and East facing walls, creating !a more warmfeel in the space. The advantage !of timber frame construction is that the insulation !can be placed within the depth of the structure making the wall thinner compared to a masonry wall. Timber structures is also better at retaining heat, ensuring that the room heat up and cool down more quickly. By putting insulation both inside the frame and behind the cladding, the THERMA TW55 achieves a U-value of 0.14Wm2K. This ensures little heat loss and therefor lower energy costs. !

Structure Analysis !Suspended Flooring!!Floor Insulation !Product: Kingspan OPTIM-R Flooring System !Thickness: 20 - 100 mm !Conductivity: 0.007 W/m.K !!The tutors at is on the second oor eaning that the roo below will also be heated and he heat loss through !the oor will therefor be reduced co pared to a nor al solid oor directly on the ground. The residents bedroo s are placed directly above, reducing the heat loss through the ceiling to a minimal as well. After researching insulation manufactures I discovered two major companies producing high quality products; Celotex and Kingspan. The OPTIM-R from Kingspan is a brand new syste ade up of vacuu insulated panels and ther oset fill providing an impressive thermal conductivity of 0.007 W/mK. sing the suspended oor calculator and a insulation thickness of 100mm the U-value comes to 0.067W/m2K. !!

Structure Analysis!Timber Frame Wall with Ventilated Cladding!

Structure Analysis !Insulated Sheating on Steel Frame!!Steel Frame Insulation!Product: Kingspan KOOLtherm K12 !Thickness: 120mm!U-value: 0.14 W/m2K !!!The west facing wall stretches over four !stories up and folds over as a roof, meaning !that this structure requires more strength and !e ibility than the other walls. was originally planning !

to use poured white concrete, but the negative environmental concerns and the heavy weight made me reconsider. Using a custom made steel frame would not only make the construction stronger but also i prove the energy efficiency. n the end achieved a U-value of 0.14 W/m2K by using a 100mm dense block, with a 10mm polymer rendering and 120mm thick KOOLtherm K12 insulating framing board. !!

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!Glazing System!Product: Pilkington energiKare™ Triple !Thickness: U-value: 0.7 W/m2K !!!Glazing is responsible for a large portion of the heat loss in a dwelling, but fortunately the industry has developed innovative new technology in the last couple of years. The Pilkington energiKare™ Triple reduces heat loss and still allows for solar gain. With a U-value of 0.7 W/m2K it meets the Code for Sustainable homes and far exceeds the BFRC WER A rating and PassivHaus requirement levels. It uses two different types of glass and the cavities are filled with either argon or krypton to ensure best performance. !

Structure Analysis!Sustainable Glazing!

Structure Analysis !Passive House Front Door!!Front Door!Product: OptiWin Frostkroken !Thickness: 100mm!U-value: 0.72 W/m2K !!This is the first door in the world to !meet the PassiveHaus requirements. !It’s designed to maintain a high surface !temperature inside and the lowest possible heat loss to exterior. The glazing in the door is triple glazed, creating a total U-value of 0.72 W/m2K. !!

Glazing Analysis !Daylight in Internal spaces using DiaLux!I used DiaLux, a computer software that generates Daylight data for internal spaces in order to deter ine if y design provided sufficient natural daylight inside the dwelling. I focused my analysis on the living space, as this is where the residents will spend most of their time during the day and natural daylight is crucial. This room also contains the largest amount of glazing, making it most vulnerable to heat loss. !!Initial Design !My initial design had two relatively large windows on the East-facing wall one to illu inate the kitchen worktops and one oor to ceiling window providing light for the lounge. Both are double-glazed with a u-value of 1.6 W/m2K. Looking at the DiaLux Daylight colour rendering, there is not too many bright spots, meaning red or white areas that have a lux of 800 or above. The output data tells me that the average oor illu ination is at lu and it s evident that the space is too dark.

This is mainly due to the fact that these windows are east facing, and doesn't maximize the use of solar gain from the south. !

58

Altered Design !To i prove the energy efficiency of the space the first thing i prove ent was to insert triple gla ing with a u value of . 2 . This also eans that the light trans ission is reduced down to and therefor decreasing the a ount of direct sunlight. To illu inate the roo better increased the si e of the lounge window to include the entire sitting group. ! realise that this produces !e tre ely high lu values! around the window but !this can easily be avoided !with blinds on particularly !sunny days. !

overn ent Suggestions !Sustainable housing and energy efficiency !

2Achieving an reduction in residential e issions by would re uire upgrades like !•  full installation of cost effective easures such as loft and

cavity wall insulation.!•  the deploy ent of significant nu bers of solid wall

insulation!•  an uplift in the energy efficiency of household appliances !•  a significant reduction in the carbon content in electricity

through i proved generating efficiencies !•  increased large scale renewable energy generation !•  the use of green gas fro waste or other organic atter !•  i prove ent in people s behavior to further reduce

ho e energy use!

ontinuing fro previous page.!

Conclusion!y altered design gives an average !

lu value of which is perfectly !within the reco ended value for a !do estic space. !!

y overall design of the dwelling !doesn t allow for any south facing !windows aking the solar gain less effective. The space will e perience direct sunlight fro early the orning and up to about

idday and then nor al natural daylight for the rest of the evening. This is not an ideal option and ight have to reconsider the location of y tutors at within the overall structure to ensure even lighting conditions throughout the day. !

nergy Strategy!here do get my energy from?!

nergy in the co es ostly fro gas or coal industry producing dangerously a ounts of 2 and other greenhouse gases. ts ti e to change our attitude towards energy use and start to ove towards ore renewable energy sources. Solar Panels and wind ills are good solutions but they re uire wind and sun to produce energy. The cli ate in the doesn t t support this very well and perhaps energy fro waste and organic atter is a better and ore sustainable solution !!

hen building a new ho e its i portant to take into account the cost of sustainable technology versus the value it saves in the long run. Today Solar Panels and other renewable technology is still relative e pensive and it takes years to to pay itself off. ut on the other hand this ight be an invest ent worth doing for the sake our global environ ent. !

59

THE PLACE OF HOUSES POSTER

Can the sensation of home exist beyond the domestic sphere?

Method: Essay/Poster

Module: ARC2023 The Place of Houses

Date 15.01.14

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Access for All • Disabled Parking and Access

The main vehicular access from Tynemouth to the building runs along the existing path leading to the site and ends in a underground parking garage on the east side of the building (see below for further explanation). Two disabled parking bays are provided 45 degrees of the main service road just by the main entrances. The parking is on the same level as the ground floor of the building and the main entrances, eliminating the need for a ramp. The disabled parking bays are at least 3300mm x 5200mm1 to allow for a unloading and safety zone around the vehicle when parked.

In my design I’ve also included an entry for a potential underground parking garage to be used by the staff of the Civic Centre and visitors. Two parking bays for disabled will be provided close to the lift that runs through all the floors.

My design is based around movement on the site, keeping accessibility to both the site and the pier in mind. Two elongated buildings with distinct different uses are joined by the Moot Hall on top, creating a “tunnel” running through the entire structure. This allows for emergency services to access the pier (in case of drowning accidents etc.) and also for vehicular access to the slipway for the transportation of boats. This access would also prove it easier for supplies to be carried to the lighthouse. The southern structure (See site map: Building B) is designed to create a 1:12 ramp creating universal access to the roof and to the formal entrance of the Moot Hall. This roof pathway also leads across the building and joins on to the highest level of the pier, creating the perfect slope and accessibility for wheelchairs, bikes, and strollers etc. to enjoy the lighthouse.

• Access for Wheelchair Users to Main Entrances

From the disabled parking the users will have two options to reach the main entrances: 1) Staying on the ground level, both wheelchair users and the general public can travel 32m

on stable and slip resistant ground2 to reach to the two main entrances on the ground floor of the building. These are both located underneath, and sheltered by, the Moot Hall. All the external entrances (with the exception of the kitchen service entry) are 2000mm wide, with manually power controlled double sliding doors equipped with a clearly visible3 push pad (800mm from ground and 1400mm of the edge of the door4)

2) Wheelchair users and the general public can also travel up the ramp sloping up from the east side of the site leading on top of the café and to the first floor (3000m elevation) formal entrance to the Moot Hall. This ramp has a total length of 40,400mm, to allow for three landings (1800mm) along the ramp and thus creating four 8750mm intermediate ramps with a slope of 1:12.

• Access for Wheelchair Users within the Building

Building B is a single storey structure allowing easy and universal access to the café, in addition to making the environment safer for the crèche. Building A is a three-storey building consisting of both the Leisure Centre and the Civic Centre. The passenger lift is located centrally and provides universal access to all the floors. The lifts internal measurements are 1580mm x 2100mm, with a door opening of 900mm, and all floors have a 1500mm x 1500mm clear landing area. Outside lift controls are set between +900mm and +1200mm, and 300mm from the door on the inside. The back wall are fitted with mirrors to allow wheelchair user to see the floor indicator. For the visually impaired and deaf, audible announcement together with visual indication declare each floor and the opening and closing of doors. A visual and audible two-way emergency communication system is used. Internal doors have a width of 900mm with at least 300mm clear space alongside leading edge of door. Doors leading into all areas (with the exception of WC and utility rooms) are fitted with glass panels to allow for a visual connection and prevent collision. All corridors comply with the dimensions regulations as stated in Part M being at least 1200mm. All toilets in the dwelling meet the Building Regulations when it comes to size and are at least

2200mm x 15000mm, with handrails (+800mm h) and emergency alarm system.                                                                                                                1  Baden-Powell, Hetreed, Ross. Architect’s Pocket Book, Fourth Edition. Architectural Press, 2011. Page 90.    2  The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 1.13  3  The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 2.19  4  The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 2.21  

Means of Escape In the event of an emergency everybody inside the building must be able to evacuate by suitable means. An automatic fire alarm system will be installed in every room of the building5, detecting abnormal heat or CO2 levels. Manual switches would be placed on tactical location around the building to allow inhabitants to warn other in case of emergency. Audible warning sirens will sounds to alert the general public, while visual indicators such as flashing light will warn those with impaired hearing. For those with both visually and hearing difficulties a vibrating paging system would be used. Fire extinguishers will be placed on every floor along with fires hoses. Fire Exits and the route to the closest one will be clearly marked with lid-up displays or photoluminescent signs. Emergency Plans will be located on each floor and on tactical location to quickly demonstrate the means of escape and the nearest assembly point. Fire doors that automatically close are implemented to minimize the flow of oxygen in the even of a fire. Each floor ha at least two escape routes in case the other one is unavailable in the case of an emergency. Toilets and changing room not included because these spaces are not habitable. Stair Width from Table 6 and 7 in The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document Part B.

Storey    

Room    

Area  (m2)  

Floor  Space  Factor  (m2/persons)  

Occupant  Capacity  

 Ground  Floor  A   Bike  Workshop   35.75   5   7.15       Leisure  Office   16.24   6   2.71       Leisure  Reception   89.42   1.5   59.61       First  Aid   5.85   Fixed   2       Fish  Storage  Reception   12.39   1.5   8.26       Fish  Storage   8.21   30   0.27    Ground  Floor  B   Creche   25.72   1   25.72       Creche  Storage   4.78   30   0.16       Boiler  Room/Cleaning   4.78   30   0.16       Waiting  Area   63.48   1.5   42.32       Cafe   134.12   1   134.12       Food  Storage   6.34   30   0.21       Kitchen   9.33   7   1.33               Total   284  First  Floor   Classroom   66.8   1   66.80       Moot  Hall   78.82   Fixed   42       Archive   4.11   30   0.14       Admin  Office   27.92   6   4.65       Interview  Room  (3)   20.20   6   3.37       Moot  Hall  Waiting   45.89   1.5   30.59               Total   147.55  Second  Floor   Waiting  Area   10.24   1.5   6.83       Mayor’s  Office   34.17   6   5.70      

   Total   13  

            Grand  Total   444   Minimum Width for Each Final Exit To work out the minimum width of the Ground Floor B final exit (W), we need the Occupant Capacity (N) and the width of the main stair (S): W = ((N / 2.5) + (60 x S)) / 80 W = ((204 / 2.5) + (60 x 1.6)) / 80 W = 2.22m In order to evacuate the building through the main entrance the door would need to be 2220mm wide.

                                                                                                               5  The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document Part B, 1.27  

Minimum Escape Route corridor and door opening width: Ground Floor A 80 ppl. Min. Route Width 850mm Min Stair Width N/A Ground Floor B 204 ppl. Min. Route Width 1050mm Min. Stair Width 1600mm First Floor 148 ppl. Min. Route Width 1050mm Min. Stair Width 1000mm Second Floor 13 ppl. Min Route Width 750mm Min. Stair Width 1000mm

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Access for All • Disabled Parking and Access

The main vehicular access from Tynemouth to the building runs along the existing path leading to the site and ends in a underground parking garage on the east side of the building (see below for further explanation). Two disabled parking bays are provided 45 degrees of the main service road just by the main entrances. The parking is on the same level as the ground floor of the building and the main entrances, eliminating the need for a ramp. The disabled parking bays are at least 3300mm x 5200mm6 to allow for a unloading and safety zone around the vehicle when parked.

In my design I’ve also included an entry for a potential underground parking garage to be used by the staff of the Civic Centre and visitors. Two parking bays for disabled will be provided close to the lift that runs through all the floors.

My design is based around movement on the site, keeping accessibility to both the site and the pier in mind. Two elongated buildings with distinct different uses are joined by the Moot Hall on top, creating a “tunnel” running through the entire structure. This allows for emergency services to access the pier (in case of drowning accidents etc.) and also for vehicular access to the slipway for the transportation of boats. This access would also prove it easier for supplies to be carried to the lighthouse. The southern structure (See site map: Building B) is designed to create a 1:12 ramp creating universal access to the roof and to the formal entrance of the Moot Hall. This roof pathway also leads across the building and joins on to the highest level of the pier, creating the perfect slope and accessibility for wheelchairs, bikes, and strollers etc. to enjoy the lighthouse.

• Access for Wheelchair Users to Main Entrances

From the disabled parking the users will have two options to reach the main entrances: 3) Staying on the ground level, both wheelchair users and the general public can travel 32m

on stable and slip resistant ground7 to reach to the two main entrances on the ground floor of the building. These are both located underneath, and sheltered by, the Moot Hall. All the external entrances (with the exception of the kitchen service entry) are 2000mm wide, with manually power controlled double sliding doors equipped with a clearly visible8 push pad (800mm from ground and 1400mm of the edge of the door9)

4) Wheelchair users and the general public can also travel up the ramp sloping up from the east side of the site leading on top of the café and to the first floor (3000m elevation) formal entrance to the Moot Hall. This ramp has a total length of 40,400mm, to allow for three landings (1800mm) along the ramp and thus creating four 8750mm intermediate ramps with a slope of 1:12.

• Access for Wheelchair Users within the Building

Building B is a single storey structure allowing easy and universal access to the café, in addition to making the environment safer for the crèche. Building A is a three-storey building consisting of both the Leisure Centre and the Civic Centre. The passenger lift is located centrally and provides universal access to all the floors. The lifts internal measurements are 1580mm x 2100mm, with a door opening of 900mm, and all floors have a 1500mm x 1500mm clear landing area. Outside lift controls are set between +900mm and +1200mm, and 300mm from the door on the inside. The back wall are fitted with mirrors to allow wheelchair user to see the floor indicator. For the visually impaired and deaf, audible announcement together with visual indication declare each floor and the opening and closing of doors. A visual and audible two-way emergency communication system is used. Internal doors have a width of 900mm with at least 300mm clear space alongside leading edge of door. Doors leading into all areas (with the exception of WC and utility rooms) are fitted with glass panels to allow for a visual connection and prevent collision. All corridors comply with the dimensions regulations as stated in Part M being at least 1200mm. All toilets in the dwelling meet the Building Regulations when it comes to size and are at least 2200mm x 15000mm, with handrails (+800mm h) and emergency alarm system. Stairs are all 34 degrees and is therefor also suitable for the elderly.

                                                                                                                 Baden-Powell, Hetreed, Ross. Architect’s Pocket Book, Fourth Edition. Architectural Press, 2011. Page 90.      The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 1.13    The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 2.19    The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document M, 2.21  

Means of Escape In the event of an emergency everybody inside the building must be able to evacuate by suitable means. An automatic fire alarm system will be installed in every room of the building10, detecting abnormal heat or CO2 levels. Manual switches would be placed on tactical location around the building to allow inhabitants to warn other in case of emergency. Audible warning sirens will sounds to alert the general public, while visual indicators such as flashing light will warn those with impaired hearing. For those with both visually and hearing difficulties a vibrating paging system would be used. Fire extinguishers will be placed on every floor along with fires hoses. Fire Exits and the route to the closest one will be clearly marked with lid-up displays or photoluminescent signs. Emergency Plans will be located on each floor and on tactical location to quickly demonstrate the means of escape and the nearest assembly point. Fire doors that automatically close are implemented to minimize the flow of oxygen in the even of a fire. Each floor has at least two escape routes in case the other one is unavailable in the case of an emergency. Toilets and changing room not included because these spaces are not habitable. Stair Width from Table 6 and 7 in The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document Part B.

Storey    

Room    

Area  (m2)  

Floor  Space  Factor  (m2/persons)  

Occupant  Capacity  

 Ground  Floor  A   Bike  Workshop   35.75   5   7.15       Leisure  Office   16.24   6   2.71       Leisure  Reception   89.42   1.5   59.61       First  Aid   5.85   Fixed   2       Fish  Storage  Reception   12.39   1.5   8.26       Fish  Storage   8.21   30   0.27    Ground  Floor  B   Creche   25.72   1   25.72       Creche  Storage   4.78   30   0.16       Boiler  Room/Cleaning   4.78   30   0.16       Waiting  Area   63.48   1.5   42.32       Cafe   134.12   1   134.12       Food  Storage   6.34   30   0.21       Kitchen   9.33   7   1.33               Total   284  First  Floor   Classroom   66.8   1   66.80       Moot  Hall   78.82   Fixed   42       Archive   4.11   30   0.14       Admin  Office   27.92   6   4.65       Interview  Room  (3)   20.20   6   3.37       Moot  Hall  Waiting   45.89   1.5   30.59               Total   147.55  Second  Floor   Waiting  Area   10.24   1.5   6.83       Mayor’s  Office   34.17   6   5.70      

   Total   13  

            Grand  Total   444   Minimum Width for Each Final Exit To work out the minimum width of the Ground Floor B final exit (W), we need the Occupant Capacity (N) and the width of the main stair (S): W = ((N / 2.5) + (60 x S)) / 80 W = ((204 / 2.5) + (60 x 1.6)) / 80 W = 2.22m In order to evacuate the building through the main entrance the door would need to be 2220mm wide.

                                                                                                               1  The Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document Part B, 1.27  

Minimum Escape Route corridor and door opening width: Ground Floor A 80 ppl. Min. Route Width 850mm Min Stair Width N/A Ground Floor B 204 ppl. Min. Route Width 1050mm Min. Stair Width 1600mm First Floor 148 ppl. Min. Route Width 1050mm Min. Stair Width 1000mm Second Floor 13 ppl. Min Route Width 750mm Min. Stair Width 1000mm

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