oled solutions for lighting applications · higher lm/w devices can broaden the market for oled...
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Michele RicksDOE SSL Workshop 2020January 2020
Advanced Materials for Next Generation OLEDs
OLED solutions for lighting applications
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Since our founding more than 350 years ago, we’ve become truly global with more than 56,000 employees in 66 countries working on break-through solutions and technologies.
We areunique
We are known as “Merck” internationally exceptfor the United States and Canada, where we operate as EMD Serono in the biopharmaceutical business, MilliporeSigma in the life science business,and EMD Performance Materials in thehigh-tech materials business.
Merck KGaADarmstadt, Germany
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We are the company behind the companies advancing digital living
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Advancing Display
From large TVs to touch screens and free-form displays: We have played a part in all key display innovations and can be found in more than half of all flat-screen televisions, smartphones and tablet computers.
Today, our customers use our unrivalled breadth of product, depth of understanding and specialist expertise to make the most of the increasingly vital role of display in a digital era:
Siloxanes
New backplanes and Barriers
LC materials
Market Leading Innovation
Reactive Mesogens
Ultra-thin coatings and optic films
LED Phosphors
Bright, energy-efficient & vivid
OLED materials
Revolution in display & lighting
Quantum materials
Major leap in display color
Photoresists
A global leader in Display Resists
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Challenges for OLED lighting
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Transport Materials for OLED LightingOpportunities and Challenges
Higher lm/W devices can broaden the market for OLED lighting. Improve lm/W by increasing efficiency and lowering voltage.
J. Spindler et al. “24-2: Invited Paper: High Brightness OLED Lighting”, SID INT SYMP DIG TEC, 47 (2016).
CGL materials can contribute to lowering voltage
Blue unit is critical to increase efficiency, as R/G is usually de-tuned to balance color
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 20206
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OLED @ Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Performance Materials
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We offer state-of-the-art materials developed for the full stack of both processing technologies, printing and vapor
Cathode
EIL
Anode
ETL
EML
HTL
HIL
ITO
Hole Injection
Hole Transport
Emission R,G,B
Electron Transport
Electron Injection
Phosphorescent dopants
Hyper OLED
Hole injection materials / p-dopants
Early Research Product Research Product DevelopmentNew lead structures
Derivatives
Fluorescent blue dopants
Phosphorescent host materials
Hole transport materials
Printable OLED systems
Tailored products for specific stacks
Electron transport materials
Mar
ket
intr
od
uct
ion
ApplicationNovel concepts
Long-term topics
ELQD
R&D portfolio covering the full range from early hot topics to mature products
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 20208
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Broad Material PortfolioOur Approach
Ref: IMID 2018, A25-3 Freedom to tune device performance independently in RGB
B prime G prime
HTL ETL
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 20209
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Example 2: Interaction between HBL and ETL
One by one replacement does not bring solution!
Our ApproachMaterial Combinations and Full Stack Understanding
Example 1: Interaction between HTL and EBL
There is no universally best material!
We leverage a broad portfolio and understanding of interactions within the device to optimize performance for specific applications
HBL1/ETL1
HBL1/ETL2
HBL2/ETL2
HBL2/ETL1
8486889092949698
100102
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Eff
[%]
LT [%]
Weakly conducting HTL
Moderately conducting HTL
Strongly conducting HTL
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
EQE
[%]
EBL1 EBL2 EBL3
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 202010
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ExampleInteraction between HTL and EBL
HTL
EBL
Blue EML
ETL
p-doped HTLEBLs on high HOMO HTL EBLs on medium HOMO HTL EBLs on deep HOMO HTL
Effi
cien
cy
LT
h-poor h-rich
Rel
. EQ
E
Rel. LT
Rel
. EQ
E
Rel. LT
Rel
. EQ
E
Rel. LT
HOMOHTL EBL HTL EBL HTL EBL
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020
• Strong interaction with HTL• Most efficient EBL in one device can be least efficient in another!
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How to adjust the charge balance?Our Electron Transport Material portfolio (selection)
ETM portfolio covering a wide range of charge balance for tuning between LT and eff.
p-doped HTL
ETL
Blue EML
EBL
HTL
ETMs in vapor blue stack
Rel
. Ef
f.
95%
100%
105%
110%
115%
80%
85%
90%
75%
Rel. LT100%50% 200%
ETM-E
ETM-DETM-C
ETM-AETM-B
ETM-L
Moree-transporting
Less e-transporting
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 202012
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Rel
. EQ
E
Rel. LT
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ExampleElectron Blocking Material portfolio for fluorescent blue (selection)
H-poor
H-Rich
EBLs in blue stack with moderately e-rich ETL EBLs in blue stack with strongly e-rich ETL
Rel
. EQ
E
Rel. LT
Same order of materials but different curvature
p-doped HTL
ETL
Blue EML
EBL
HTL
HTM portfolio for tuning between LT and efficiency by choice of EBLInteraction with choice of ETL has to be considered
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020
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ExampleOptimizing lifetime and driving voltage
Lifetime and driving voltage can be optimized with the right combinations of materials
Stack U [V] Rel. EQE Rel. LT
HTM-1 / EBL-1 / Ref-Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 Ref 1.00 1.00
HTM-1 / EBL-1 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 -0.15 V 0.95 1.20
HTM-2 / EBL-2 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-1 / ETM-1 -0.52 V 0.97 1.55
HTM-2 / EBL-2 / New Host - Ref-Dopant / HBL-2 / ETM-2 -0.70 V 0.97 1.65
Charge-balance
Material combinations
Materials
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020
Full stack understanding
We aim for understanding the whole OLED device and interaction of the different layers and interfaces with each other.
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Key MessagesTuning efficiency by transport layers
Our approach: Actively developing materials for various OLED layers to understand full stack Significant investments in physics / application lab resources
„Charge Balance“
is often dominating the LT/efficiency performance
Portfolio approach is key foroffering Transport Layers.
Interplay between HTL/EBL/HBL/ETL determines overall performance.
Extensive combination screeningis necessary to optimize OLED stack.
DOE SSL R&D Workshop - San Diego 2020
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