olive research trials - eppo...lw intensive orchard 4.10 m 4.64 m 0.39 m 8 m 8 m 5.02 m leaf density...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Olive research trials - EPPO...LW Intensive orchard 4.10 m 4.64 m 0.39 m 8 m 8 m 5.02 m Leaf density = 3.69 m2-m 3 TRV = 13503 m3-ha 1 LWA = 5820 m2 ha-1 Intensive orchard Intensive](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071604/613f4466a7a58608c268d04e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Olive research trials
Antonio Miranda Fuentes Universidad de Córdoba
Vienna, 19 October 2016
Workshop on harmonized dose expression for the zonal evaluation of plant protection products in high growing crops
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Trial summary
• Introduction
• Superintensive orchard
• Intensive orchard
• Traditional orchard
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Trial summary
• Introduction
• Superintensive orchard
• Intensive orchard
• Traditional orchard
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EU crop distribution
0E+00
2E+06
4E+06
6E+06
8E+06
1E+07
Northern Central Southern EU-28
Olive (2012)
Citrus (2012)
Almonds (2015)
Grapes (2013)
Deciduous fruits(2012)
0.1%
91.5%
8.4%
100.0%
source: EUROSTAT - Extracted on: 2016-10-08 (provided by S. Planas)
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Spain crop distribution
* Data referred to the harvested area in Spain (FAO, 2012)
Others 9%
Almond 12%
Vineyards 22%
Olive* 57%
2.5 Mha
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Main characteristics of the olive orchards in Spain
Olivar types
Superintensive system Intensive system
2%* 24%*
* Data referred to the harvested area (AEMO, 2012)
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Olivar tradicional
89 m3
42 m3
50 m 76 % * * AEMO, 2012
Main characteristics of the olive orchards in Spain
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Intensive system
• Plantation density: 204 ha-1
• Number of trunks: 1
• Average height: 3.91 m
• Average diameter: 3.92 m
• Average volume: 24.60 m3
1-trunk traditional
system
• Plantation density: 100 ha-1
• Number of trunks: 1
• Average height: 4.52 m
• Average diameter: 4.56 m
• Average volume: 33.49 m3
Traditional system
• Plantation density: 69 ha-1
• Number of trunks: 2 – 4
• Average height: 4.58 m
• Average diameter: 6.34 m
• Average volume: 98.08 m3
Main characteristics of the olive orchards in Spain
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Main characteristics of the olive orchards in Spain
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Canopy volume (m3)
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Olive volume assessment
Volume measurement with LiDAR scanner
Towards an optimized method of olive tree crown volume measurement (Miranda-Fuentes et al., 2015)
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Olive volume assessment
Mean Vector * volume estimation method
* Miranda-Fuentes et al., 2015
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Main characteristics of the olive orchards in Spain
a) All trees
b) Intensive
c) 1-trunk Traditional
d) Traditional
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Dosing systems
𝑉1 = 𝐻1 × 𝑃1 × 𝑒1
𝑉2 = 𝐻2 × 𝑃2 × 𝑒2
𝑉3 = 𝐻3 × 𝑃3 × 𝑒3
Superintensive orchard:
𝑒1 = 𝑒2 = 𝑒3
𝑃1 = 𝑃2 = 𝑃3
𝐻1 = 𝐻2 = 𝐻3
𝐴1 = 𝐻1 × 𝑒1
𝐴2 = 𝐻2 × 𝑒2
𝐴3 = 𝐻3 × 𝑒3
TRV LWA
S1
S2
S3
P
e
H
1 LWA unit equals 1 TRV unit
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𝑉1 = 𝐻1 × 𝑃1 × 𝑒1
𝑉2 = 𝐻2 × 𝑃2 × 𝑒2
𝑉3 = 𝐻3 × 𝑃3 × 𝑒3
Intensivo and traditional orchards:
𝑒1 = 𝑒2 = 𝑒3
𝑃1 ≠ 𝑃2 ≠ 𝑃3
𝐻1 ≠ 𝐻2 ≠ 𝐻3
𝐴1 = 𝐻1 × 𝑒1
𝐴2 = 𝐻2 × 𝑒2
𝐴3 = 𝐻3 × 𝑒3
TRV LWA
S1
S2
S3
P
e
H
1 LWA unit does not equal 1 TRV unit
Dosing systems
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Dosing systems: UCO proposal
𝑆𝑉 = 𝑉𝐿 × 𝐶𝑉
SV = Sprayed water volume (L / tree)
VL = Tree crown volume (m3 / tree)
CL = Specific spray volume (L / m3)
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑚 × 𝑀𝑉 + 𝑘
Intensive m = 28.405 ; k = -32.951
1-trunk traditional m = 46.217 ; k = -73.391
Traditional m = 47.364 ; k = -56.666
𝐶𝐿 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 𝐿 · 𝑚−3 *
* Assessing the optimal spray volume rate on isolated olive trees according the canopy volume (Miranda-Fuentes et al., 2016, Aceptado para publicación en Science of the Total Environment).
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Trial summary
• Introduction
• Superintensive orchard
• Intensive orchard
• Traditional orchard
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Superintensive orchard
TH W
GC
R
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Superintensive orchard
3.96 m 1.25 m
0.52 m
3.75 m
Leaf density = 6.04 m2 m-3
TRV = 11474 m3 ha-1
LWA = 18400 m2 ha-1
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Superintensive orchard
TRV = 11474 m3 ha-1
LWA = 18400 m2 ha-1
• Spray mix: tracer (tartrazine) 8 g L-1
• Sampling positions:
Spray deposit
Percentage coverage Impacts · cm-2
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Superintensive orchard
TRV = 11474 m3 ha-1
LWA = 18400 m2 ha-1
Spray volume (L ha-1) 1603 619 182
TRV (m3 ha-1) 11474 11474 11474
LWA (m2 ha-1) 18400 18400 18400
Volume TRV (L m-3) 0.14 0.05 0.02
Volume/10000 LWA (m3) 871.2 336.4 98.9
Mean deposition (µg cm-2) 5.08 2.98 1.74
Deposit CV (%) 54.0 39.8 36.4
Penetration inside canopy (%) 79.4 113.6 123.8
Mean leaf coverage (%) 33.25 19.42 6.60
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Superintensive orchard
Frießleben et al., 2007
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Superintensive orchard
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
12.824 kg ha-1
1603 L ha-1
3.44 m
3.728 kg m-1 ha-1
3.75 m
1603 L ha-1
6.99 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
× R/2 Frießleben et al., 2007
1.25 m
11.176 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
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Superintensive orchard
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
4.952 kg ha-1
619 L ha-1
3.44 m
1.440 kg m-1 ha-1
3.75 m
619 L ha-1
2.70 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
× R/2 Frießleben et al., 2007
1.25 m
4.32 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
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Superintensive orchard
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
1.456 kg ha-1
182 L ha-1
3.44 m
0.419 kg m-1 ha-1
3.75 m
619 L ha-1
0.79 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
× R/2 Frießleben et al., 2007
1.25 m
1.27 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
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Trial summary
• Introduction
• Superintensive orchard
• Intensive orchard
• Traditional orchard
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Intensive orchard
TH CW
GC
R
T
LW
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Intensive orchard
4.10 m
4.64 m
0.39 m
8 m
8 m
5.02 m
Leaf density = 3.69 m2 m-3
TRV = 13503 m3 ha-1
LWA = 5820 m2 ha-1
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Intensive orchard
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Intensive orchard
TRV = 11474 m3 ha-1
LWA = 18400 m2 ha-1
• Spray mix: tracer (tartrazine) 8 g L-1
• Sampling positions:
Spray deposit
Percentage coverage Impacts · cm-2
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Intensive orchard
Specific applied volume* (L m-3) 0.08 0.10 0.12
Spray volume (L ha-1) 433 541 650
TRV** 5820 5820 5820
LWA** 11503 11503 11503
Volume TRV (L m-3) 0.074 0.093 0.112
Volume/10000 LWA 376.5 470.3 565.2
Mean deposition (µg cm-2) 12.04 15.49 20.51
Deposit CV (%) 72.0 71.2 61.7
Penetration inside canopy (%) 64.4 60.3 69.2
Mean leaf coverage (%) 16.1 17.5 25.7
* Applied to the crown volume estimated by the Mean Vector method (Miranda-Fuentes et al., 2015) ** Calculated with the calculator for isolated trees (Doruchowski, 2016).
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Intensive orchard
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
3.464 kg ha-1
433 L ha-1
3.71 m
0.934 kg m-1 ha-1
8.0 m
433 L ha-1
3.00 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
Frießleben et al., 2007
4.64 m
5.952 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
Tree diameter Tree spacing
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Intensive orchard
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
4.328 kg ha-1
541 L ha-1
3.71 m
1.167 kg m-1 ha-1
8.0 m
541 L ha-1
3.76 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
Frießleben et al., 2007
4.64 m
7.436 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
Tree diameter Tree spacing
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Intensive orchard
0.8 % (8 g L-1)
5.200 kg ha-1
650 L ha-1
3.71 m
1.402 kg m-1 ha-1
8.0 m
650 L ha-1
4.52 kg / 10000 m2 LWA
Frießleben et al., 2007
4.64 m
8.935 kg / 10000 m3 TRV
Research trial Ingredient: spray tracer
Tree diameter Tree spacing
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Intensive orchard
Efficacy trial against olive leafspot (Cycloconium oleagina L.)
(Data provided by Patricia Chueca, IVIA).
• Testing the minimum effective dose of a certain product against two reference
products (Control 1 and Control 2).
• 5 applied doses given by 5 different concentrations: 0.8, 1.5, 2.0, 2.75 and 6.0
L/hl.
• Control products were applied at 2.0 L/hl.
• A total of 6 efficacy evaluations were done.
• Abbott’s efficacy parameter was determined.
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Intensive orchard
4.70 m
4.25 m
0.80 m
7 m
5.50 m
4.45 m
Leaf density = n.a.
TRV = 17193 m3 ha-1
LWA = 8091 m2 ha-1
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Intensive orchard
Efficacy trial Ingredient: copper salt
Product Ground applied
dose
L per height unit and ha
L per 10000 m2 LWA
L per 10000 m3 TRV
(L ha-1) (L m-1 ha-1) (L) (L)
test 0,80 0,23 0,99 0,47
test 1,50 0,43 1,85 0,87
test 2,00 0,57 2,47 1,16
test 2,75 0,79 3,40 1,60
test 6,00 1,71 7,42 3,49
Control 1 2,00 0,57 2,47 1,16
Control 2 2,00 0,57 2,47 1,16
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Intensive orchard
![Page 38: Olive research trials - EPPO...LW Intensive orchard 4.10 m 4.64 m 0.39 m 8 m 8 m 5.02 m Leaf density = 3.69 m2-m 3 TRV = 13503 m3-ha 1 LWA = 5820 m2 ha-1 Intensive orchard Intensive](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071604/613f4466a7a58608c268d04e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Intensive orchard
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Trial summary
• Introduction
• Superintensive orchard
• Intensive orchard
• Traditional orchard
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Traditional orchard
4.50 m
7.30 m
0.60 m 10 m
6.60 m
12 m
Leaf density = 3.69 m2 m-3
TRV = 15659 m3 ha-1
LWA = 4745 m2 ha-1
MV vol = 115.4 m3
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Traditional orchard
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Traditional orchard
Specific applied volume (L m-3) 0.12
Spray volume (L ha-1) 1045
TRV* 15659
LWA* 4745
Volume TRV (L m-3) 0.067
Volume/10000 LWA 2202.3
Mean deposition (µg cm-2) 16.25
Deposit CV (%) 81.9
Penetration inside canopy (%) 58.3
Mean leaf coverage (%) 21.3
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LWA comparison between systems
Cultivation system Traditional Intensive
Specific applied volume (L m-3) 0.12 0.12
Spray volume (L ha-1) 1045 650
TRV* 15659 5820
LWA* 4745 11503
Volume TRV (L m-3) 0.067 0.112
Volume/10000 LWA 2202.3 565.2
Mean deposition (µg cm-2) 16.25 20.51
Deposit CV (%) 81.9 61.7
Penetration inside canopy (%) 58.3 69.2
Mean leaf coverage (%) 21.3 25.7
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Olive research trials
Antonio Miranda Fuentes Universidad de Córdoba
Vienna, 19 October 2016
Workshop on harmonized dose expression for the zonal evaluation of plant protection products in high growing crops