olomia’s transformation and state of the peace … · 15/02/2017 · olomia’s transformation...

COLOMBIA’S TRANSFORMATION AND STATE OF THE PEACE PROCESS

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By Nicolás Lloreda-Ricaurte Ambassador of Colombia Retired Heads of Mission Association (RHOMA), Feb. 15th 2017

http://www.lawg.org/our-publications/76/1635www.diarioelquindio.com.co

http://www.lawg.org/our-publications/76/1635

http://www.diarioelquindio.com.co/

1. COLOMBIA AT A GLANCE

WHAT A DIFFERENCE 50 YEARS MAKE

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1964 2015

Population 17 million (38% urban) 48’747.708 (76% urban)

Life expectancy at birth (years) 59 74

Infant mortality rate (per 1.000) 82,6 19.1

Poverty* 62% 27,8%

Extreme Poverty* 32.3% 7.9%

GDP per capita (USD) 720 13.800

Unemployment rate 21% 9.2%

Gini coefficient 0.7 0.55

Health coverage (% of population) 15% 97%

Literacy rate 62% 98,7%

(High quality accredited) Universities 19 48

Number of higher education degrees awarded

1.559.065 (1960-2000)

3.010.882 (2001-2014)

Connectivity 4 land line subscriptions per 100 people**

59.1 % people have Internet access

Source: Compilation based on Central Bank, CEPAL, DANE, World Bank

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CONSOLIDATION OF THE MIDDLE CLASS

Source: National Planning Department (DNP)

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EVOLUTION OF THE ECONOMY

TRADITIONAL EXPORTS1964

EXPORTS SHARE BY PRODUCT 2014

• Coffee• Coal• Oil / Petroleum oils• Nickel

Oil; 47,0%

Coal; 12,4%

Petroleum oils5,2%

Coffee 4,5%

Gold 2,9%

Flowers 2,5%

Banana1,5%

Ferronickel1,2%

Medications0,9%

Propylene; 0,8%

Confectionery 0.8%

Insecticides, rodenticides

0,7%

Sugar 0,7%

Vinyl chloride0,6%

Gas olis0,5%

Tourist cars 0,5%

Others; 17,2%

Share by product (%)

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EVOLUTION OF THE ECONOMY – COLOMBIA’S FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS

• Pacific Alliance• El Salvador, Guatemala,

Honduras• CAN• CARICOM• MERCOSUR• EFTA• Chile• Costa Rica• Mexico• Canada• U.S.• Venezuela• Nicaragua• Cuba• European Union

• South Korea• Israel• Panama

1. COLOMBIA AT A GLANCE

THE COLOMBIAN PARADOX (1960-2010):A GROWING ECONOMY AMIDST AN ESCALATING CONFLICT

6Source: World Bank and National Centre of Historical Memory

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THE ECONOMIST’S COUNTRY OF THE YEAR 2016

“OUR PICK IS COLOMBIA, FOR MAKING PEACE IN 2016. THIS WAS A COLOSSAL ACHIEVEMENT”

The Economist, December 24th 2016 edition

2. THE ROAD TO PEACE

IMPACT OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IN COLOMBIA

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220,000 deaths.

81,5% civilians

25,007 missing persons

1,754 victims of sexual violence

6,421 children and adolescentsrecruited

5,700,000 displaced people(15% of the population)

27,023 kidnappings

10,189 victims of anti-personnel mines

Civilians Armed Forces FARC

Source: Conflict Analysis Resource Center CERAC

Deaths due to the conflict (2010-2016)


THE COST OF WAR

9Source: Own elaboration, compilation based on Ministry of Defense


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30 YEARS OF ATTEMPTS


PEACE NEGOCIATIONS WITH FARC

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OCTOBER 2nd 2016: PEACE AGREEMENT NARROWLY REJECTED IN A PLEBISCITE (0,5%)

12Source: BBC.com


THE GOVERNMENT SAT DOWN WITH THE OPPOSITION

13Source: Picture taken from BBC

Opportunity to achieve unityamong Colombians

3 main actors: Government, leaders of the NO vote, FARC

Ceasefire was maintained, monitored by the UN

Government held talks to all theleaders of the NO vote, made a listof their demands and presented itto FARC.


GOVERNMENT AND FARC REACHED A NEW AGREEMENT ON NOVEMBER 28th 2016

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Special Jurisdiction for Peace.

FARC will submit a list of assets for

reparation.

Foreign nationals are excluded from

being judges.

Court will decide on a case-by-case

basis if drug-trafficking was part of

political crime.

Gender approach language was clarified.

16 transitional seats at Congress not for

FARC but for winners of local elections.


NEW AGREEMENT - NEW TIMELINE

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DEMOBILIZATION CURRENTLY TAKING PLACE AT TEMPORARY RURAL ZONES (TRZ)

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Rural Zone (23) (Several camps)

Concentration Point (8)(only one camp)

Source: www.presidencia.gov.co

http://www.presidencia.gov.co/

“94% of FARC members are already at theTemporary Rural Zones”

Sergio Jaramillo, High Commissioner for PeaceFeb. 6th 2017

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“THE LAST MARCH”

Source: www.presidencia.gov.co

Canada established diplomatic relations with Colombia in 1953 .

Strong ties in trade, investment, dialogue on human rights, cooperation for development, support of justice system, peacebuilding and security.

Over 40 years of development cooperation in topics such as: human rights, children and youth, gender topics and sustainable economic growth with emphasis on rural issues.

Canada supports peace building efforts in Colombia through OAS MAPP with CAD 10,7 millions since 2005.

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CANADA’S LONG-STANDING COOPERATION WITH COLOMBIA

CAN $ 57.4 million for 5 projects to support peacebuilding efforts targeting women and youth.

CAN $ 21 million for 6 projects focusing on peacebuilding and implementing the peace accord.

CAN $20 million contribution to the UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund for Post-Conflict in Colombia over 3 years (2016-2019).

The House Foreign Affairs Committee visited Colombia to discuss with high ranking officials the many challenges and opportunities arising from the peace process.

Ongoing initiative for a possible participation of RCMP members in a Peace Support mission in Colombia.

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CANADA’S SUPPORT FOR PEACE BUILDING

Feb. 7th 2017: Peace dialogues formally started in neighbouringEcuador, following the release of Congressman Odín Sánchez, kept hostage since April 2016.

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PEACE TALKS WITH ELN (National Liberation Army)

Source: SIG

6. Implementation

1. Participation of civil society in peacebuilding

process

2. Democracy forpeace

3.Transformations for peace

4. Victims5.End of the armed

conflict

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A SIX-POINT AGENDA WITH ELN

3. WHAT LIES AHEAD

• Other violent actors (e.g. organized crime, “criminal bands”, common delinquency groups,

ELN) may want to take over the territories, drug trafficking routes and criminal activities left

by the FARC.

• Authorities will need to deepen efforts to tackle crime and violence as more threats to citizen

security may be emerging, despite figures showing a decrease in homicide rate:

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THREATS TO PUBLIC SAFETY: OTHER CRIMINAL GROUPS READY TO JUMP IN

Source: www.mindefensa.gov.co

3. WHAT LIES AHEAD

• Illicit crops have increased lately, despite efforts to dismantle cocaine

laboratories and neutralize trafficking routes:

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INCREASE IN ILLICIT CROPS

Source: UN Office on Drugs and crime (Report on Colombia, July 2016).

3. WHAT LIES AHEAD

• Former Police Commander in Chief and peace negotiator General Oscar Naranjo has just beenappointed Vice-President and mandated to lead the public safety agenda.

• Jan-2017: A New Code of Police and Coexistence empowering the National Police replaced theone in force since 1970.

• As rural conflict will probably decrease while urban crime will tend to increase, the size of thearmy will probably shrink whereas that of the police will grow.

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DOMESTIC POLICIES IN ORDER TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES

Source: www.policianacional.gov.co

3. WHAT LIES AHEAD

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DOMESTIC POLICIES IN ORDER TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES

Source: www.policianacional.gov.co

Main cities have designed specificstrategies and policies to tackle feloniesmost offending the person, crimes againstproperty and domestic violence:

• Bogotá (8 million inhabitants): In Sept -2016, a “Citizen Security Office” was enacted.

• Medellín (nearly 2,5 million): Current Mayor Federico Gutierrez has made citizen security one his priorities to the extent of leading operations himself.

• Barranquilla (nearly 1,8 million): The Mayor’s Office works closely with the people

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THANK YOU

MERCI

olomia’s transformation and state of the peace … · 15/02/2017 · olomia’s transformation...

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