Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 16(2):66-7O,2OOOCopyright @ 2000 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.

oN COQUILLETTIDIA CRAS,S/PES, A NEW RECORD FOR MACAU,WITH A KEY TO ADULTS OF THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES

GROUPS OF THE GENUSHELENA C. RAMOS,' H. RIBEIRO,2 C. J. MITCHELL,3 M. TERESA NOVO,' SUSANA BAPTISTA,'

CARLA A. sousA,' pAULo " t1Et]Rt'ffftliir8uo

pEDRo,, E. R. EASroNa eNo

ABSTRACT, Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes is recorded for the lst time in the Territory of Macau,southern China. The systematics of the genus is examined, new species groups are proposed, and a key tosubgenera and species groups of Coquillettidia is provided.

KEY WORDS Coquilleuidia crassipes, new record, Macau, systematics

INTRODUCTION

Several Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes(Van der Wulp) males and females were capturedin the Territory of Macau, southern China, duringSeptember and October 1997. This is the lst recordof this genus and species from the territory, whichwas not listed in the last revision of the local mos-quito fauna (Ramos et al. 1997), although the spe-cies was already known from Hong Kong (Chau1982).

In the present account, we follow the taxonomictreatment of the tribe Mansoniini adopted byKnight and Stone (19'77), recognizing the genericstatus of Coquillettidia Dyar, with subgenera Aas-tromansonia Belkin, Coquillettidia s.s., and Rftyn-chotaenia Brbthes. New species groups within thesubgenus Coquillettidia are proposed and a key toall subgenera and species groups of the genus isprovided. The morphologic terminology used fol-lows that of Harbach and Knight (1980).

C O QA I LLE TT I D I A (C O QU I LLETTI D I A)CRASS/PES

(VAN DER WULR I88I)

Collection data. Municipal Sanitary Services,Coloane Island: 7 females, September 18, 19971'Parque Siac Pai Van, Coloane Island: 67 femalesand 9 males, September 18--24, 1997. Taoist Cem-etery, Taipa Island: 1 male, September 18, 1997.All specimens were captured by light trap withCOr, except I male and I female landing on humanbait.

Distribution. Coquillettidia crassipes is known

ICentro de Zoologia, Instituto de Investigagdo Cienti-fica Tiopical, Rua da Junqueira, 14, 1300 Lisboa, Portu-gal.

'�Unidade de Entomologia M6dica, Instituto de Higienee Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Jun-queira 96, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal.

3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Divisionof Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. PO Box 2087. FortCollins, CO 80522.

4 Centro de Estudos Prd-Universit6rios, Universidade deMacau, Taipa Island, C.P 30O1, Macau.

from Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand,southern China, including Hong Kong and Macau,Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Ryukyu-Retto Is-lands, Mariana Islands. New Guinea, Australia. andBismark Archipelago. Figure I shows the approx-imate distribution of the species.

Notes on morpholog5r. The following notes areintended to complete the short known descriptions,namely those of Barraud (1934) and Delfinado(1966), because more precise and complete descrip-tions of different local Cq. crassipes populationsmay contribute to clarifing the taxonomy of the var-ious forms reported as "crassipes" from numerouslocalities in the Oriental, Indomalayan, and Austral-asian regions (Belkin 1962).

FEMALE. Head: With 6 well-developed ocularsetae on each side; vertex with narrow, yellow up-right forked scales behind and yellow decumbentscales anteriorly. Ocular line with broad whitishscales. Antenna, maxillary palpus, clypeus, andproboscis brown with violet sheen. Pedicel yellow,with a few light brown scales. Palpus 0.24.25length of proboscis. Thorax: Scutum yellowish,with sparse covering of narrow golden scales;acrostical, dorsocentral, and dorsolateral setaebrownish; antepronotum with a row of well-devel-oped setae on the upper part; postpronotum withabout 6 well-developed setae curved over anteriorspiracle. Mesepimeron with a strong seta at about0.6 of mesomeron. No postspiracular setae. A patchof silvery flat scales on upper part of mesepimeron,another on mesokatepisternum near mesopleuralsuture. Without scales on the prealar knob. Integ-ument of pleura yellowish brown, with some well-defined darker areas. Scutellum without scales, withthe usual 3 groups of strong setae. Wlng.' Scalesnarrow and dark, with pronounced purple reflec-tions, without setae at base of subcosta ventrally.Alula and calypter fringed. Legs: Femora yellowishat base, purplish on apical 0.5-O.6; hindfemur witha median stripe of silvery scales at middle of outersurface. Tibiae long and slender, with dark, smoothscaling. Tarsi all dark, with purple sheen. Abdomen:Terga I-IV dark, mainly covered with purple scales,with basolateral yellow patches; terga V-V[I

66

Jur.rE 20OO Coguntrtrnm cnAss/pEs rN Mecau (CnrNe)

dbFig. 1. Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes. Approximate area of distribution.

mainly yellow scaled. Sterna II-VI yellow scaledat bases, VII and VIII mainly purple.

MALE. General morphology as in female. Max-illary palpus: Maxillary palpus longer than probos-cis by slightly less than length of last palpomere,which is about 0.5 length of penultimate palpomereand turned downward, both moderately setose.Genitalia (Fig. 2): Tergum VIII rounded distally,with many setae; sternum VIII with a distinct me-dian lobe at the posterior margin bearing about 12strong appressed setae; tergum IX with wide inter-lobar space, lobes prominent, with a few weak se-tae. Gonocoxite with numerous long, strong setaeon outer aspect and a dense setose area of fine,moderately long setae on inner aspect at apex. Bas-al mesal lobe with a long, strongly sclerotized,blunt-tipped rodlike basal mesal seta reaching nearapex of gonocoxite. Gonostylus rather narrow ba-sally, strongly curved, moderately enlarged distally,with a spiniform seta on inner margin, at about0.33, and 2 moderately long, slender setae nearbase of gonostylar claw. Gonostylar claw short,

pointed, well sclerotized. Aedeagus as figured,strongly sclerotized, rounded distally, constricted atabout 0.33. Paramere and basal piece well devel-oped. Paraproct with 2 strong teeth and a few smalldenticles at apex, with 5 or 6 cercal setae.

Systematics. The genus Coquillettidia was treat-ed by Edwards (1932) as a subgenus of MansoniaBlanchard, a decision adopted by most subsequentauthors. Belkin (1962) recognized 2 strikingly dif-ferent sections within the tribe Mansoniini (Man-sonia and MansonioideJ, on one side, and Coquil-lettidia and Rhynchotaenia, on the other),considering that "it may be advisable to recognizea separate genus for each." In 1963, Ronderos andBachmann elevated Coquillettidia to generic status.This was the taxonomic arrangement adopted in thecatalog of Knight and Stone (1977), with 2 generawithin the tribe Mansoniini: Mansonia, with sub-genera Mansonia s.s. and Mansonioides Theobald,and Coquillettidia, with Coquillettidia s.s., Rhyn-chotaenia Brbthes, and Austromansonia, a mono-typic subgenus described by Belkin (1968) for his

JUNE 2000 CoeuttLttttott cR4.s^t1pEs nv Mac,Au (CHrN,q.)

tribution; the monotypical Metallica Group, endem-ic to Africa south of the Sahara; and the PerturbansGroup, mainly Afrotropical but apparently also in-cluding 3 species in the great Holarctic Region.

The monotypical Metallica Group may be char-acteized, in the adult stage, as follows: postspirac-ular setae absent; mesokatepisternum with 2 dis-tinct groups of scales, those of the upper group notextending to the prealar knob; mesepimeron with-out scales; wings dar[ wing plume scales narrow;without setae at the base of the subcosta ventrally;hindtibia long and slender, with smooth scaling; tib-iae and tarsi entirely dark; maxillary palpus of maleslightly curved downward, 5th palpomere distinctlyshorter than 4th; posterior margin of sternum VIIIof male not produced in middle.

The Perturbans Group also may be characterized,in the adult stage, as follows: postspiracular setaeabsent; mesokatepisternal scales present, not ex-tending to the prealar knob; with a patch of mesepi-meral scales; wings with more or less abundant palescaling (except in Cq. buxtoni and Cq. nigritarsis);wing plume scales broadish; a few setae usuallypresent at base of subcosta ventrally; hindtibia longand slender, often more or less shaggy; tibiae neverentirely dark; tarsi ringed or with other pale mark-ings (but dark in Cq. buxtoni); maxillary palpus ofmale curved downward; ratio 5th to 4th palpomeresabout 1; posterior margin of male sternum VIII notproduced in middle.

As defined, the Perturbans Group includes theNearctic type species perturbans (Walker, 1856),the Palaearctic buxtoni (Edwards, 1923) and, rich-iardii (Ficalbi, 1889), and all the Afrotropical spe-cies except metallica: annettii (Theobald, l90l),aurea (Edwards, l9l5), aurites (Theobald, 1901),chrysosoma (Edwards, l9l5), cristara (Theobald,l9O4), flavocincta (Edwards, 1936), fraseri (Theo-bald, 191l), fuscopennata (Theobald, l9O3), gran-didieri (Blanchard, l9O5), karandalaensis (Wolfs,l95l), maculipennis (Theobald, l9ll), microan-nulata (Theobald, 1911), nigritarsis (Wolfs, 1952),nigrithorax (Theobald, l9l0), pseudoconopas(Theobald, l9l0), rochei (Doucet, l95l), schoute-deni (Wolfs, 1948), vanoeyi (Wolfs, 1948), versi-color (Edwards, 1913), voltaensis (Danilov, 1982).and wahlbergl (Edwards, 1936).

The following key will separate the 3 subgeneraand 5 species groups here recognized in the genusCoquillettidia. including the new Metallica and Per-turbans Groups.

KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SPECIESGROUPS OF GENUS COQUILLETTIDIA

DYAR (ADULTS)

I With postspiracular setae (Neotropical) . .. . . . . Subgents Rhynchotaerua

- Without postspiracular setae . . 22(1) Mesepimeron with scales 3

- Mesepimeron without scales Subgenus Co-q u i l l e t t i d i a , i n p a r t . . . . . . . 6

3(2) Scales of mesokatepisternum largely con-fined to lower area Subgenus Coquillettidia,in part . 4

* Scales of mesokatepisternum extending toprealar area 5

4(3) Wing plume scales narrow; at most I or 2small setae present at base of subcosta ven-trally; hindtibia smoothly scaled; d: sternumVIII with a distinct median lobe at the pos-terior margin (Oriental and Australasian)

. . . . . C r a s s i p e s G r o u p- Plume scales broader; usually, with at least

a few setae at base of subcosta ventrally;hindtibia often more or less shaggy; d: ster-num VIII not produced posteriorly (mainly

Afrotropical, with a few Holarctic species)Perturbans Group

5(3) Ventral side of subcosta with a large patchof setae at base; d: 2 last palpomeres slight-ly upturned; 5th palpomere slightly longerthan 4th (Australasian)

. . . . Subgenus Austromansonia- Base of subcosta without ventral setae; d:

maxillary palpus turned downward; 5th pal-pomere about as long as 4th (Australasian)

Subgenus Coquillettidia, in part. . Iracunda Group6(2) Wing entirely dark; plume scales narrow;

tibiae and tarsi dark; hindtibia long and slen-der, smoothly scaled, as usual (Afrotropical)

Metallica Group- Wing, tibiae, and tarsi not entirely dark;

plume scales broadish; hindtibia rather shortand stout, with roughened scaling (Oriental

andAustra lasian) . . . OchraceaGroup

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was funded by the FundagSo Para aCi6ncia e a Tecnologia through Program PRAXISXXI, the Fundagdo Macau, Servigos de Saride deMacau, Servigos Florestais de Macau, and theUniversidade de Macau. We are grateful to the Cd-mara Municipal das Ilhas, the Universidade de Ma-cau, Direcgdo dos Servigos de Safde, Laborat6riode Saride Riblica, Hospital 56o Janu6rio, and manyother local authorities for their logistic support dur-ing our stay in Macau. Our special thanks are dueto Jos6 Manuel Machon and Pak Kun for their ex-cellent cooperation during field work. We alsothank Lufs E Marto for his collaboration with rheillustrations.

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