on-farm fusarium head blight management in irrigated wheat · 2014. 9. 25. · • visually...
TRANSCRIPT
On-Farm Fusarium Head Blight Management in
Irrigated Wheat
Kristina Halma – Farming Smarter
Farming Smarter Conference
Medicine Hat, Alberta – Dec. 4-5, 2012
Project Overview
• 2010-2012
• Funded by the Pest Management Centre of AAFC
• Examines use of fungicides, irrigation scheduling, and cropping system for FHB management
• Two components:
– Field trial with nine co-operator fields
– A 25-field survey
Disease Overview
• Disease overwinters here, but spores can also blow in from a distance or from neighbour’s field
• Characterized by bleached spikelets before rest of head turns colour
• Also has pinkish-orange spores on spikelet, especially near centre
• Affected kernels are chalky-coloured and shrivelled
Co-operator Trial Results
• Incidence and severity of FHB in visual ratings, FDKs, and DON levels were all reduced by both BMPs
• Avoiding irrigation during flowering reduced % FDK by up to 2.4% in 2010
• Fungicide treatment also showed up to a 5.5% reduction in FDK in 2010
• Combining fungicide use and reduced irrigation in one field improved visual ratings and reduced %FDK more than either practice by itself
Co-operator Trial Results Cont’d
• Overall yield was improved by fungicide use, and avoiding irrigation during flowering kept yields within 5% of areas irrigated during that period
• Improvement in visual ratings, % FDKs, grade, and/or yield, was greater in wheat classes and varieties that are more susceptible to FHB
– Most dramatic results in CWAD
– If you are growing a susceptible class like CWAD and/or you’re in an area where FHB is known to be, strongly consider a variety with fair or good FHB resistance, if possible
Change in CWAD Net Benefits & %FDK with Irrigation Management
(Farming Smarter Trials 2010-2011)
Change in CWAD Net Benefits & %FDK with FHB Fungicide Application
(2010-2011)
Change in CWRS Net Benefits & %FDK with FHB Fungicide Applications
(2010-2011)
Q. Why should you consider cost/return per unit of output rather than just cost/return per acre?
• Looking forward and budgeting should be per acre • Looking back it is important to consider output as
it’s a true measure of economic efficiency. • Provides information of which practices are
profitable and when • Per acre alone ignores the influence of varying
yield and price • Allows you to include the probability of a price,
yield and a profit.
Survey Results
• For this project there is also a 25-field survey component
• Visually surveyed for FHB, and samples taken
• Cultural practices, fungicide, and irrigation info (if applicable) collected
• When looking at the data a few things jumped out:
– Irrigated fields had higher levels of infection than dryland
– Biggest factor seemed to be whether the disease was prevalent in the area or not
Survey Results Cont’d
• Whether the field was irrigated or not during flowering played a smaller role than expected
• Differences in variety susceptibility played only a small role in whether fusarium was detected in the field or not
• Know your fields and those surrounding them if possible. If there’s a history of fusarium, use one or more of the BMPs
Conclusions
• Both fungicide use and irrigation work to reduce disease levels, and work best in combination
• Whether disease is in your area is the most important consideration of whether to take measures to manage it
• Consider also how susceptible your class and variety of wheat is
• Also look close at your anticipated return on investment before altering your variety choice, fungicide regime, or irrigation scheduling
On-Farm Demonstration of Biofungicides (Contans WG
and Serenade)
Farming Smarter – Kristina Halma
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Project Overview
Funded by the Pest Management Centre of AAFC as part of the Pesticide Risk Reduction Program
Purpose of project is to demonstrate how two new biofungicides, Contans WG and Serenade MAX/ASO, can be used to help control sclerotinia in canola and white mould in beans
Includes field-scale demonstrations in nine southern Alberta fields and a small plot demo at the Farming Smarter R & D site
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Producer Locations
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Disease Overview
Overwinters in the soil as sclerotia
Germinate in the spring and infect crops like canola and dry beans
Thrive, like many diseases, in moist conditions, especially when the canopy has closed
Causes infected stems, leaves and/or pods to die and rot
The Products – Contans WG
Is a preventative biofungicide
Produced by German company Prophyta, wholesaled by UAP
water dispersible granular composed of Coniothyrium minitans spores
Naturally occurring predator feeds on sclerotia bodies
Must contact sclerotia (mechanical incorporation or rain/irrigation)
Best results seen as part of integrated control strategies
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The Products – Serenade
Is a biological foliar fungicide
Produced by Agra Quest, distributed by UAP
Active ingredient is a by-product of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis
Suppresses numerous diseases
Applied the same as conventional fungicides
Has multiple modes of action 20
Treatments
Treatments included:
Contans – 2 and/or 4 kg/ha
Serenade – 3 L/ac or 2 x 2.5 L/ac
Other treatments included Lance, Allegro, Proline (in canola)
Untreated checks were also left in three fields over the course of the project
When canola or beans were grown visual disease ratings were taken, and yields collected
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
Yie
ld (
lb/
ac)
Treatments
2010 - Co-operator 5
Bow Island
Serenade
Lance
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23
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0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Yie
ld (l
bs/
ac)
Incidence (%)
Yield Change vs. Untreated
Contans Contans +Lance Serenade
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(1,000)
(800)
(600)
(400)
(200)
0
200
400
600
Yie
ld (l
bs/
ac)
Incidence (%)
Yield Change vs. Lance
Contans Contans +Lance Serenade
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(300)
(250)
(200)
(150)
(100)
(50)
0
50
100
Ne
t Be
ne
fit (
$/A
cre
Trial
Net Benefit Changes: Trials vs Lance
Contans Contans +Lance Serenade
Conclusions
Contans applications have yielded positive results, but also some neutral ones
Have continued to monitor the fields that have had applications
Contans is unlikely at this time to replace other fungicides, but may be used with conventional fungicides to reduce dependence on those products
Use of Contans may allow for more intensive rotation of susceptible crops
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