On Future Internet, Cloud Computing,

and Semantics– You name it

Arian ZwegersEuropean Commission

Information Society and Media Directorate GeneralSoftware & Service Architectures and Infrastructures Unit

Overview

• Future Internet– Today’s Internet– Problems and opportunities– Different perspectives– What’s next?

• Internet of Services– Vision– Cloud Computing – What is it?– Cloud Computing – Market values– Business models– Business strategies– Some issues for debate– What’s next?

• Semantics– Some examples– European research in semantics– What’s next?

• Work Programme 2009-10

Future InternetToday’s Internet

Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)

Mobile

Public Internet

Satellite

PSTN

VPNCable

Broadcast

Future InternetToday’s Internet

Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)

Free email IaaS

SaaS

Sharingfiles

Social & Professional networks

Communication

Information

Resources

Search engines

Instant messaging

Mobile

Public Internet

Satellite

PSTN

VPNCable

Broadcast

Other content-relatedservices

Business Services

Virtual Worlds

Future InternetToday’s Internet

Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)Content

PaaS

Free email IaaS

SaaS

Sharingfiles

Social & Professional networks

Communication

Information

Resources

Search engines

Instant messaging

Mobile

Public Internet

Satellite

PSTN

VPNCable

Broadcast

Other content-relatedservices

Business Services

Virtual Worlds

Future InternetToday’s Internet

Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)Content

PaaS

Future InternetWorld Internet Penetration Rates

by Geographic Regions

704 / 3,808

402 / 804

251 / 340

21 / 35

176 / 587

48 / 203

66 / 991

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/hirsch30/social-mobile-convergence-in-gaming

“India has more honours kids than America has kids”(sometimes size matters)

Source: “Did you know 3.0”, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpEnFwiqdx8

• 480,000,000: newspapers (daily)• 1,500,000,000: TV sets in use• 1,700,000,000: credit cards• 2,250,000,000: tooth brushes in use• 4,000,000,000: mobile phone subscriptions

Future InternetCurrent/emerging problems and opportunities

• Current Internet was never designed to be a critical part of an economy’s infrastructure

• Net-delivered services are reshaping the world (search, media, games, social networking, etc.)

• Tripling of the number of people connected (1.53B)• Addition of billions—perhaps even hundreds of

billions—of devices (sensors, tags, micro controllers)• User generated content leads to a massive increase

of creative flow of content and processes• Balance the perceived need for control with the

creativity that spawns innovation—and profit?• Towards tethered appliances or generative

technology?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAsb4gtEpaw

http://iiea.com/zittrain/video.wmvhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDgxGN6cqTA

Future InternetWhat is it?

Future InternetDifferent perspectives and their danger

http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/EXPORT/DL/38496.pdfhttp://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/

Second Life

Internet of Services, Service Web

Networks of the Future

3D Internet

Internet of Things

Trust

Security

Conway’s Law: “organisations which design systems are constrained to

produce systems which are copies of the [communication] structures of

these organisations” (1968)

Future InternetWhat’s next?

Future Internet Communication• Strengthening R&D investments

– Comprehensive approach to R&D– Minimum 200 M€/year for 2011-2013– Future Internet Assembly

• Leveraging Member States initiatives• Building a public-private partnership

– Use of FP7 instruments for 2011-2013– Specific WP and modalities– Additional 300 M€ for 2011-2013– Approach for FP8 by end 2011

To be published in September 2009

See http://ec.europa.eu/foi

Future InternetWhat’s next?

Future Internet public-private partnership (PPP)• Objectives

– Advancing European industrial know-how in Future Internet technologies and systems

– Supporting emergence of Future Internet-enhanced applications of public relevance

• Recently initiated and proposed by industry– Industry leadership expected!– Industry leadership expected!!– Industry leadership expected!!!

• Role of European Technology Platforms?• EC report on instruments• EC report on contents

See http://ec.europa.eu/foi, http://www.future-internet.eu

Internet of ServicesVision

Internet of ServicesVision

Number of Web services found by SEEKDA crawler during the past 26 months (June 2009)

A multitude of connected IT services, which are offered, bought, sold,

used, repurposed, and composed by a worldwide network of service

providers, consumers, aggregators, and brokers

- resulting in -

a new way of offering, using, and organising IT supported

functionality

Adapted from SAP Research, 2008, and SEEKDA, 2009

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – Everything old is new again?

Adapted from http://www.slideshare.net/midtownninja/cloud-computing-and-startups,

http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/09/business/internet-critic-who-not-shy-about-ruffling-big-names-high-technology.html

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – Everything is renamed?

"The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we've redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. I can't think of anything that isn't cloud computing with all of these announcements. The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women's fashion. Maybe I'm an idiot, but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It's complete gibberish. It's insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?”

Larry Ellison, 26 September 2008

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – What is it?

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/midtownninja/cloud-computing-and-startups

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – What is it?

Cloud computing is a model for enabling

convenient, on-demand network access to a

shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and

services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction (Source: NIST Cloud Computing Project)

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v14.doc

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – What is different?

Source: Gartner, 2008

Internet of ServicesCloud Computing – Every cloud has a silver lining

Worldwide by 2012• SaaS: $21bn

– 20% CAGR

• PaaS: $9bn– 160% CAGR

• IaaS: $4bn– 60% CAGR

Merrill Lynch: Cloud computing market opportunity by 2011 =

$95bn in business and productivity apps +$65bn in online advertising =

$160bn

Sources: 451 Group, AMR, Gartner, IDC, William Blair & Co., Merrill Lynch, PAC,http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/study-sw-2009_en.html

Cloud Computing - EU27

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

8 000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

M€

SaaS Total

PaaS Total

IaaS Total

Internet of ServicesBusiness Models: factors to consider (1/2)

• Generative technology vs Tethered Appliances– Generative technology

• Configurable, processable• Development mediated through market model

– Tethered appliances• Need for ‘men in white coats’• Development mediated through company

• Ecosystems– Variety of applications based on platform, and/or– Business partnerships, and/or – Relationships with suppliers and consumers

Adapted from Li, 2009

Internet of ServicesBusiness Models: factors to consider (2/2)

• Services– From shrink-wrapped, packaged products

to Software as a Service– Focus from basic network services to

“more valuable” software services

• Universality & Utility– Universal service: utility, affordability,

accessibility, availability, quality– Utility: right to the service in question– Scarcity and market power

Adapted from Li, 2009

Internet of ServicesBusiness Strategies (1/2)

• Protection of intellectual property– Patents and trade secrets– Right to exclude others vs

right to exclusivity

• Bundling of technologies– “A superior offering”– Distribution advantages and

network effects

Adapted from Li, 2009

Internet of ServicesBusiness Strategies (2/2)

• Standards– Openness, interoperability

and market as arbiter– Defensive strategies and publishing APIs

• Open source– Collective intelligence, added value,

management of development process

• Long tail– Market niches, smaller customers,

customisation, choice

Adapted from Li, 2009

Internet of ServicesSome issues for debate

http://dilbert.com/2009-08-30/

Internet of ServicesSome issues for debate: SaaS, a silver bullet?

Drivers• Maintenance fees are the

gravy train of enterprise software

• Costs savings (acquisition and maintenance)

• Predictability of software management costs

• Complexity reduction• Increasing offerings

available in the market, increasing customer choice

• Increasing provider accountability

Adapted from Financial Times, 27 August 2008“The end of a software gravy train”

Internet of ServicesSome issues for debate: SaaS, a silver bullet?

Drivers• Maintenance fees are the

gravy train of enterprise software

• Costs savings (acquisition and maintenance)

• Predictability of software management costs

• Complexity reduction• Increasing offerings

available in the market, increasing customer choice

• Increasing provider accountability

Inhibitors• “Tethered appliances”

argument (Zittrain)• From privacy policies to

portability policies• Switching costs• Reliability software-on-

demand products/services• Perceived lack of

functionality, security, customisation, and integration capabilities

• Putting critical information off-premise?

• Service provider viability

Adapted from Financial Times, 27 August 2008“The end of a software gravy train”

Internet of ServicesSome issues for debate: Billions of services?

Billions of services• Everybody is a potential

service provider• Everybody potentially uses

services from everybody• Requires work on service

discovery, composition, semantics for heterogeneous services

Service Parks• Trusted services from

recognised brands• Sets of services with rules

for combining and modifying them

• Homogeneous semantics• Guaranteed SLAs• Like the old vision, but in a

park only

Number of Web services found by SEEKDA crawler during the past 26 months

Source: Charles Petrie, Christoph Bussler“The Myth of Open Web Services –

The Rise of the Service Parks”IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 2008, pp 93-95

Source: SEEKDA, 2009

Internet of ServicesSome issues for debate: independent thinking?

ETP SRAs

Internet of ServicesWhat’s next?

12/2009 04/2010 11/2010

Proposed Orientations

(ICT Dirs)

Draft WP(ICT Dirs)

First draft to ICTC for

discussion

CommissionDecision

Full text for opinion

Consul-tation Reports

ISTAG Reports

FP&SP text

11/2010 11/2010

WPpublished

Call(s)published

05/2010 10/2010

Online consultation

Workshop reports

Note: dates are tentative

Road-mapping Reports

Consolidation workshop

reportIPPA report

Internet of ServicesWhat’s next?

Preparing for WP2011-13• Consultations

– Long-term research challenges– Convergence– Cloud computing – Software evolution and maintenance– Other consultations?

• Studies• Get involved!!

SemanticsWhat Semantics?

http://searchpoint.ijs.si

Context

Adapting to meet local environment constraints, organizational policies

and personal preferences

Web principles

To scale SOA to a world wide web communications

infrastructure

Web 2.0

As a means to structure human-machine

cooperation in an efficient & cost-effective manner

Semantic Web

To automate service discovery, mediation &

composition

SOA As the emerging dominant paradigm for application development which abstracts from software to the notion of a service

SemanticsSOA4All

http://www.soa4all.eu

SemanticsSOA4All overall architecture

http://www.soa4all.eu

SemanticsMarrying Ontology and Software Technology

http://www.most-project.eu/

SemanticsService Web 3.0

• Future Internet roadmap• Future Internet video

http://www.serviceweb30.eu/

Semantics EU semantics research: vision without execution?

• Status based on ESTC 2008• Vision

– Various theories, concepts, languages, frameworks, etc

– Various prototype implementations– Various standardisation activities

• Execution– How about technology providers?– How about take-up?– Where is the money?

• Research: a means to an end!?

Semantics EU semantics research: vision without execution?

“ACTIVE is not just about research, it’s also about realising the value from that

research. That means spreading the word about what we are doing, not just within the research community but also

to the innovators who will adopt ACTIVE technology in their enterprises. At the same time, ACTIVE’s commercial partners will be exploiting the project’s

innovation portfolio, while ACTIVE’s research partners will be creating software components for use by themselves and others in future

research and development”

http://www.active-project.eu/publications.html

“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.

Willing is not enough; we must do.”

Semantics What’s next?

Semantics in FP7-ICT• ICT research addresses the

development of Semantic Technologies in diverse Strategic Objectives

• Core objective for research or in function of?

So?

• Where is Europe?• “Web 3.0 = Google Inc?”• Issues with Internet of Services and Cloud

Computing • What can Europe do?

Framework Programmes (National programmes) (Software strategy) (Cloud Computing

workshops) (Other?)

• Are we going to act(or not)?

InternationalCo-operation

Science in Society

Research Potential

Regions of Know-ledge

Research for the benefit of SMEs

ResearchInfrastruc-tures

CAPACITIES

Marie Curie ActionsPEOPLE

European Research CouncilIDEAS

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WP2009-107th Framework Programme (2007-2013)

http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/

€ 32 B

€ 7.5 B

€ 4.7 B

€ 4.2 B

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WP2009-10ICT WP2009-2010, ~2 B€ total

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Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics

Network and Service Infrastructures

Components, Systems,Engineering

Digital Libraries and Content

Towards sustainable and personalised healthcare

ICT for Mobility, Environmental Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

ICT for Independent Living, Inclusion and Governance

Socio-economic goals

Tec

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ETPs

i2010Flagships

ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ict-wp-2009-10_en.pdf

WP2009-10Challenge 1

1.1 Network of the Future

1.6 Future Internet experimental facility and experimentally-driven research

1.2 Internet of Services, Software and Virtualisation

1.4

Tru

stw

ort

hy I

CT

1.3 Internet of Things and Enterprise

environments

1.5 Networked Media and 3D Internet

The Future Internet

Call 480 MEuro

Call 4110 MEuro

Call 537 MEuro

Call 5110 MEuroCall 5

90 MEuro

Call 550 MEuro

Call 580 MEuro

WP2009-10Internet of Services, Software and Virtualisation

ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ict-wp-2009-10_en.pdf

WP2009-10Objective 1.2, Problems and opportunities (1/2)

• Issues with service architectures and platforms– Existing web-based service front-ends are based on

monolithic, inflexible, non-context-aware, non-customizable and unfriendly UIs

– How to deal with many, many diverse services?– How to manage many, diverse underlying hardware and

software resources? Service Architectures and Platforms for the Future

Internet (CP)– Service front ends– Open, scalable, dependable service platforms,

architectures, and specific platform components– Virtualised infrastructures

Text in black: issues, challenges, opportunitiesText in blue: Work Programme target outcomes

Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call

WP2009-10Objective 1.2, Problems and opportunities (2/2)

• Issues with very large, dynamic, open service networks– From design time to run-time– Quality of open systems without fixed system boundaries– Opportunities with open source software and service

engineering? Highly Innovative Service / Software Engineering (CP)

– Service / Software engineering methods and tools– Verification and validation methods, tools and techniques – Methods, tools and approaches specifically supporting the

development, deployment and evolution of open source software

• Lack of coordination of current and future research efforts Coordination and support actions (CSA)

Obj 1.2 Instruments: IP, STREP, CSACall 5 Budget CP: 107 M€110 M€ Budget CSA: 3 M€

Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call

WP2009-10Objective 1.2, Expected Impact

• Service development, management and interoperability in a converged environment Contribution to Future Internet

• Improving scalability, predictability, responsiveness and throughput Technological advances in software/service engineering

• Infrastructure operators with innovative service offerings on scalable infrastructure More competitive environment

• Standardised open (source) platforms and interfaces Lowered barriers for service providers

• Innovative service front ends and higher user empowerment Massive uptake of high-added value services

• Platforms enabling "third party generated services" More advanced/dynamic online communities

• Flexible and resilient platforms for software/service engineering, design, development, management and interoperability Strengthened European industry for software, software services, and Web services

• Tailored technologies Meeting key societal and economical needs

Text in black: enablers, outcomesText in blue: Work Programme expected impact

Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call

WP2009-10Current FP7 projects under Objective 1.2

Support actionsNESSI 2010, Service Web 3.0, Flossinclude

Network of Excellence: S-Cube

http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/projects_en.html

• 181 M€ invested, 120 M€ EC contribution• Timeframe 2008-2011

Service front-endsFAST, m:Ciudad, OPEN, Persist, ServFace

Service ArchitecturesSLA@SOI, SOA4ALL, OMP, Romulus, SHAPE

Virtualised InfrastructuresIRMOS, RESERVOIR, ADMIRE, SmartLM, STREAM

Reference service architectureNEXOF-RA

Service/Software Engineering

(complexity, dependability)

DEPLOY, ALIVE, COMPAS, DIVA, MANCOOSI, MOST, Protest, Q-ImPrESS

And now what?

WE have a problem!What are YOU going to do about it?

Conclusions

• Future Internet is happening• Internet of Services is a major element of

Future Internet• Business models: ‘factors’ and strategies to

consider• Issues with Internet of Services• Role of semantics• Interdisciplinary research is needed for the

Future Internet• Research is a means to an end• Knowing is not enough; we must apply.

Willing is not enough; we must do.

Questions?

FP7http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/

Software & Service Architectures and Infrastructureshttp://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/

Future Internethttp://ec.europa.eu/foi http://www.future-internet.eu/

This presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/azwegers

E-mailArian.Zwegers@ec.europa.eu

FP7http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/

Software & Service Architectures and Infrastructureshttp://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/

Future Internethttp://ec.europa.eu/foi http://www.future-internet.eu/

This presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/azwegers

E-mailArian.Zwegers@ec.europa.eu

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