The Internet of Everything and Personalization

Opher Etzion, PhD

Professor and Head of the Institute of Technological Empowerment, YVC

opher.etzion@gmail.com

None of the authorized drivers location is near the car’s location

theft is concluded

Use a built-in car stopper to slow the intruder and dispatch the security company

A person enters a car and the car starts moving;

the person does not look like one of the authorized drivers

Such applicationsbecome possible

since everything isconnected

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The term “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 .

His observation was that all the data on the Internet has been created by a human .

His vision was: “we need to empower computers with their own means of gathering information, so they can see, hear,

and smell the world by themselves .”

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The term “Internet of Everything” was coined by Cisco

It is an extension : M2M, M2P, P2P connecting persons and machines .

Example: WAZE is based on human sensors

We’ll use this term as a generalization of IoT

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The world of sensors

1 Acoustic, sound, vibration2 Automotive, transportation3 Chemical4 Electric current, electric potential, magnetic, radio5 Environment, weather, moisture, humidity6 Flow, fluid velocity7 Ionizing radiation, subatomic particles8 Navigation instruments9 Position, angle, displacement, distance, speed, acceleration10 Optical, light, imaging, photon11 Pressure12 Force, density, level13 Thermal, heat, temperature14 Proximity, presence

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The value of sensors

Kevin Ashton: “track and count everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss, and cost. We could know when things needs replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their best”

The value is in the ability to know and react in a timely manner to situations that are detected by sensors

“There is no Internet of Things yet”

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Sarah Rotman EppsOct 17, 2013

The Forrester report entitled “There is no Internet of Things Yet” asserts that while much of the sensor technology exists, each sensor lives in isolation, while multi sensor system is difficult to construct

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Differences between the traditional Internet to the Internet of Everything

Topic Traditional Internet Internet of Everything

Who creates content? Human Machine

How is the content consumed?

By request By pushing information and triggering actions

How content is combined?

Using explicitly defined links

Through explicitly defined operators

What is the value? Answer questions Action and timely knowledge

What was done so far?

Both content creation (HTML…) and content consumption (search engines)

Mainly content creation

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“How does Event Processing get into the picture?”

While the weakest link is now considered the data integration issue – looking beyond that we can find event processing

Combining data from multi-sensors to get observations, alerts, and actions in real-time gets us to the issue of detecting patterns in event streams

However much of the IoT world has not realized it yet…

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A major difference between traditional Internet and the IoE – usability

The success of the Internet is attributed to its relative simplicity: to connect to create content to search

Imagine that any search in the Internet would have been done using SQL queries… How pervasive do you think the Internet would have been?

For situational awareness….Languages are actually more complex than SQL

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// Large cash deposit

insert into LargeCashDeposit

select * from Cash deposit where amount > 100,000

// Frequent (At least three) large cash deposits

create context AccountID partition by accountId on Cash deposit;

Context AccountID

Insert into FrequentLargeCashDeposits select count(*) from LargeCashDeposit having count(*)>3;

// Frequent cash deposits followed by transfer abroad

Context AccountID

insert into SuspiciousAccount select * from pattern [

every f=FrequentCashDeposit -> t=TransferAbroad where timer.within(10 days)]

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The Internet of Everything is applicable to virtually anything…

In this presentation we discuss applications in:

Aiding the elderly, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, environment and sustainability, retail, industrial applications,, home automation, and examples of applications for the ordinary person

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Safety sensors

Motion sensor

Door sensor

ChairSensor

Voice Sensor

Alert family member

Alerts example:Door was not locked within 2 minutes after entranceFalling event detectedVocal distress detectedNo motion for certain time period detected

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E-Health sensors

Personalized alerts based on collection of monitors

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Hydroponic system control

Control the exact conditions of plants grown in water to get the highest efficiency crops..

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Smart Waste management

Sensors that determine the right time to collect waste based on the container’s condition and enable to dynamically schedule the waste collection schedule

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Driverless car

Sensors that replace the human driver’s sensing, and actuators that drive the car.

2017

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Computing implants inside the human body

Sensors and actuators that fight any disease, operate in the level of cell, and reprogram the body to stop the aging process.

2020

2040

Short term: switch off our fat cells

Longer term: stay young forever

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Internet of things – what’s holding us back

Chris Murphy, InformationWeek, May 5, 2014

1.The data is not good enough 2.Networks aren't ubiquitous3.Integration is tougher than analysis4.More sensor innovation needed5.Status quo security doesn't cut it 

We’ll concentrate on these topics – with special emphasis on the democratization of use

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Data is not good enough…

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State-of-the-art systems assume that data satisfies the “closed world assumption”, being complete and precise as a result of a cleansing process before the data is utilized.

Processing data is deterministic

In real applications events may be uncertain or have imprecise content for various reasons (missing data, inaccurate/noisy input; e.g. data from sensors or social media)

Often, in real time applications cleansing the data is not feasible due to time constraints

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Where does the uncertainty come from?

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Security considerations of IoE

Murder by the Internet

“With so many devices being Internet connected, it makes murdering people remotely relatively simple, at least from a technical perspective. That’s horrifying,” said IID president and CTO Rod Rasmussen. “Killings can be carried out with a significantly lower chance of getting caught, much less convicted, and if human history shows us anything, if you can find a new way to kill, it will be eventually be used.”

EXAMPLES: Turn off pacemakers, Shutdown car systems while driving, stop IV drip from functioning

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Privacy considerations of IoE

The traditional Internet and social networks are already compromising privacy in the virtual world

The Internet of Everything increases the challenge since it can track the physical world

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Democratization of use in Internet of Everything

Challenges:

Integration of sensors and actuators Personalization of situation detection Pervasive use

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Standardization

Standards were crucial to the success of the traditional web

The “Joint Coordinated Activities on IoT” published in February 2014 standards roadmap:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/iot/Pages/default.aspxWith aspects on architecture, format, identification, sensor network management and more…

AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM and Intel form Industrial Internet Consortium for IoT standards in March 2014

http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/att-cisco-ge-ibm-and-intel-form-industrial-internet-consortium-iot-standard/2014-03-28#ixzz32F6UB1KE

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On Personalization

The industrial revolution opened the era of mass production, variety depends on the economy

of scale .

Current technology such as Internet of Things provides the opportunity to enable everybody to create their own systems. This requires multi-disciplinary effort .

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Personalization of situation detection

Eliminating noise from the model Current models are close to the implementation models – and from pure logic view contain “noise”.

Bringing data from current state

Query Enrichment Inclusion in events

Examples:Determine what food-type the container carries Fetch the temperature regulations for a specific food type

Other noise : workarounds

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For simplification we need to clean the noise

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The Event Model Research project developed by IBM Haifa Research Lab and Knowledge Partners International that dealt with simplification of event processing using model driven engineering approach

The Event Model design goals

Short video can be found in:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zjy8wngy5Y&feature=youtu.be

From hype to reality

The hype is there… The potential to be the basis of a revolution is there…Some solutions are there….

Bridging the gaps are on the way.... The community needs to focus on the crucial issues…

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My main motivation is to use the experience and knowledge I have accumulated over the years to make a better world