on-k2 cancer epidemiology.pptx

7/27/2019 ON-K2 Cancer Epidemiology.pptx

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General approach

What

Who

Where

When

Descriptive epidemiology

Analytic epidemiology Why

How

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Basic science of Oncology 2011


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Types of epidemilogical

Occupational epidemiology:

effects of workplace exposures on workers

Clinical epidemiology: outcome the patients

Genetic epidemiology: focus on familes or high

risk individual, concerned with determinants of

disease in families and on inherited causes of

cancer in population Nutritional or environmental epidemiology

Molecular epidemiology

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Application epidemiology

Planning

Evaluation of cancer control

Primary prevention Early detection

Scope of cancer epidemiology: broad

concern causes of canceridentification of population where risk

reducedprevention

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Cancer trends

- Relatifve 5-year survival rate for all

cancer: 1975 - 1977 : 51%

- 1996 - 2002 : 66%

The reason: Multifactorial:

Increasing:1. diagnostic test:mammogram,Pap

smears,prostate specific antigen

2.immunosupression

3.the aging of population

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.cancer inchildren

Malignant Bone tumours

Soft Tissue sarcomas

Germ Cell, trophoblastic and other gonadal

neoplasmsCarcinomas and other malignant epithelial

neoplasms

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms

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2.Medical exposure

N,N-bis(2-

chloroethyl)-2-

naphthylamine(Chlornaphazin)

Diethylstilbestrol

Inorganic arseniccomp.

Mephalan,cyclophos

phamide

Azathio rine Phen t

3.Soc ietal exposure

Cigarette smoke

Betel nut and

tobacco quid

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2.Radiation carcinogenesis:medical x-

rays,atomic weapon,radon in house

3.Viral and immunologic mechanisms

-Epstein-Barr virus

-Hepatitis-B

-HIV

4.Environmental: ultraviolet

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Cancers 7 warning signals

1.Change in bowel or bladder habits

2.A sore that does not heal

3.Unusual bleeding or discharge

4.Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere5.Indigestionor difficulty in swallowing

6.Obvious change in wart or mole

7.Nagging cough or hoarseness

If you have a warning signal ,see your doctor

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on-k2 cancer epidemiology.pptx

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