on the effectiveness of pair programming - huji.ac.ilfeit/sem/se11/pairprogramming.pdf · on the...
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On the Effectiveness
of Pair Programming
Are two heads better than one?
Tore DybåErik Arisholm
Dag I.K. Sjøberg
Jo E. Hannay
Forrest Shull
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Beware: Very Short Paper!
5 Authors
3 Text pages
2 Figures
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About the Authors [1/5]
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About the Authors [2/5]
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About the Authors [3/5]
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About the Authors [4/5]
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About the Authors [5/5]
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#define PairProgramming
• 2 Programmers
• 1 Keyboard
DriverObserver/Navigator
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Overview
• Paper’s Goal:
Empirically decide whether PP is “effective”
• Research Method:• Research Method:
Combine results from 15 different studies
• Conclusion: IT DEPENDS!
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15 Studies � 15 Results Formats
• Studies focused on different issues:
– Number of subject varies: 12 to 295
– US vs Europe
– Teams vs. Individuals– Teams vs. Individuals
– Students vs. Pros.
– Different grading method, scales
• Solution:
– Normalize: Subtract mean & Divide by std dev.
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Measuring “Effectiveness”
• Duration == Calendar time to complete task
• Effort == Person-hours consumed
– 1 Person x 1 Hour == 1 Person-Hour– 1 Person x 1 Hour == 1 Person-Hour
– 2 Persons x 1 Hour == 2 Person-Hours
– 2 Persons x 2 Hours == 4 Person-Hours
• Quality == How good the final product is
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Not Measuring
• Programmer’s Happiness
• Teamwork Improvement
• Knowledge Transfer
• Learning• Learning
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Duration-Effort-Quality Relation
1 Year
~1/2 Year
Same Effort,
Shorter Duration
1 Year
Same Duration,
Twice the Effort,
Better quality
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Duration-Effort-Quality Relation
3 weeks
FAIL
1.5 weeks
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OR
Which is it for Pair Programming?
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
Quality
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
Quality
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
Duration
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
Effort
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The Result (English)
• PP moderately contributes to QUALITY
• PP moderately reduces the DURATION
– Note, there are exceptions!
• PP moderately increases EFFORT ($$$)• PP moderately increases EFFORT ($$$)
• Exploring beyond the avg case reveals more..
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The Result (DON’T PANIC)
Quality
Effort
Duration
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“…The extent to which group performance
exceeds that of individuals depends on
the group’s composition and the tasks’ characteristics.”
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Conclusion: When to use PP
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?