on the eve of a new world order chapter 20. democratic revolutions earlier democratic reforms in...

37
On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20

Upload: primrose-warner

Post on 11-Jan-2016

215 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

On the Eve of a New World Order

Chapter 20

Page 2: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Democratic Revolutions

Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious RevolutionDemocratic traditions long part of English history Magna Carta - 1215 Jury System Parliament Common Law Petition of Right

Page 3: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

American Revolution

Neglected colonies for 150 yearsMercantilism – favorable trade for GBFrench and Indian War (7 Year’s War) – GB v. France for control of N. AmericaEngland wins N. America from the French – new restrictions and taxes to pay for the warFirst Continental Congress - Colonial defiance and resistance – demonstrations, boycotts, protests, committees, Boston Tea PartyColonies had all been separate

Page 4: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

American Revolution cont.

April 1775, Lexington & Concord – First shots (“heard around the world”)2nd Continental Congress:George Washington in commandDeclaration of Independence (1776) by Thomas Jefferson – based on Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, etc.1781 - Americans defeat British (Cornwallis surrenders to Washington) win independence

Page 5: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

American Revolution cont.

Articles of Confederation – first government (weak, couldn’t tax, raise and army, regulate trade, etc.) Why?Philadelphia – went to revise ArticlesNew government entirely – Constitution Separation of powers

Legislative – makes laws Executive – enforces laws Judicial – interprets laws

Page 6: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

American Revolution cont.

Checks and balances – each branch limits the others (veto, appointments, controlling $)Bicameral – 2 house legislature Senate – 2 per state House of Representatives – based on

population

Page 7: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

American Revolution cont.

Not approved until Bill of Rights addedFirst 10 amendments to the Constitution 1 – speech, press, religion, assembly,

petition 2 – bear arms 3 – no quartering of troops 4 – no unreasonable searches & seizures

Page 8: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Amendments cont.

5 – Rights of the accused Grand jury, no double jeopardy, no self-

incrimination, can’t take property without compensation

6 – Rights of the accused Speedy and public trial, impartial jury,

informed of the charges, confront witnesses, lawyer

7 – Jury trial in civil suit (over $20)8 – No unreasonable fine, punishment, bailOnly 27 total amendments in over 200 years!

Page 9: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

The French Revolution

Page 10: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

French Revolution - Causes

King Louis XVI ruled by divine rightMinisters selected by favoritism, not abilityDebt, bad harvests, inflationNobility/Clergy not taxedCensored press and speechLettres de cachet – imprisoned enemies indefinitely w/out charge, trial, bailPeople had no voice in government; social inequality

Page 11: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Causes cont.

3 distinct classes - EstatesFirst – clergySecond – nobilityThird – the rest (bourgeoisie – bankers, manufacturers, professionals, city workers, peasants – made up 97% of the population!1st and 2nd estates owned most land, power, held best jobs, exempt from most taxes

Page 12: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Causes cont.

Inspired by the philosophes (Enlightenment) and the American RevolutionLouis XVI spent vast sums of money on Versailles, helping Americans in RevolutionSummoned the Estates General (legislature) 1st had 300 representatives 2nd had 300 representatives 3rd had 600 representatives

Page 13: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 14: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Causes cont.Voted by Estate not by numbers so vote was always 2 to 1Third Estate brings cahiers – grievances to the kingThe Revolution begins – liberte, egalite, fraternite Third Estate declares themselves a

National Assembly Tennis Court oath – pledged a

constitution

Page 15: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 16: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 17: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Revolution

Bastille is destroyed (7/14/89) – hated symbol of the Old Regime (French independence day)National Assembly abolishes special privilegesDeclaration of the Rights of Man (from England and American history)Church lands broken up and sold to peasantsAbolished Church tithes, guaranteed freedom of religionConstitution of 1791 – Legislative Assembly would pass laws

Page 18: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 19: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 20: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 21: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 22: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Revolution cont.

Girondists (moderates) middle class vs. Jacobins (radicals) favored poorFirst French Republic - Louis XVI is tried for treason, death by guillotine (along with Marie Antoinette)Committee of Public Safety (Jacobins) led by RobespierreReign of Terror - all enemies crushed; mass executions by guillotine; lost support

Page 23: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 24: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 25: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 26: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 27: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 28: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 29: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Napoleon Bonaparte

Had gained fame as military leaderCoup d’etat – swift overthrow of government; declares himself First ConsulDeclared himself Emperor Napoleon with the support of the peopleDominates Europe – Austria, Prussia, Russia; controlled parts of Italy, Naples, Germany, PolandOnly England stood in his way

Page 30: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 31: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 32: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Napoleon’s Downfall

Continental System – blockade to stop British trade; unsuccessfulPeninsular War – Placed brother on Spanish throne; guerilla attacks from Spain for 6 years; costlyInvaded Russia – Russians retreated, French lines too far extended, Russians destroyed and burned everything “scorched earth.”French forced to retreat; lost ¾ of his armyDefeated by Russia, Prussia, Austria – fled to ElbaReturned after 100 daysDefeated at Waterloo by Duke of WellingtonExiled to St. Helena where he died

Page 33: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 34: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 35: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Accomplishments

Centralized local government under his authority; local officials answered to himFurthered public educationSettled religious differences (Concordat) to some degreeCode of Napoleon – legal code that included certain civil rights (jury, etc.)Legion of Honor to recognize distinguished military careersPublic worksRise of nationalismSparks successful revolutions in S. America

Page 36: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions
Page 37: On the Eve of a New World Order Chapter 20. Democratic Revolutions Earlier democratic reforms in England with the Glorious Revolution Democratic traditions

Congress of Vienna

New goal for order and stability after NapoleonAustria – Prince von Metternich; wanted to restore balance of power, limit power of France & restore royal families to throne (distrusted democratic ideals)Legitimacy – restore as many royal “legitimate” powers as possibleConcert of Europe – agreed to help each other if attackedHoly Alliance – base their agreements on Christian principlesCouldn’t turn back the clock – revolutionary ideals had begun to spread around the world!Nationalistic feelings begin to grow