on the road tohigh performance, net-zero energy buildings:policy outlook and practical steps

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通通通通通通通通通通通通 通通通通通通通通通 On the Road to High Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Policy Outlook and Practical Steps Brian T. Castelli Executive Vice President for Programs and Development 5th International Conference on Intelligent, Green & Energy Efficient Buildings Beijing, China March 27-29,2009 布布布 · 布布布布 布布布布布 布布布布布布布 () 布布布布布布

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At this conference the Alliance supported the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a principal sponsor of IGEBC2009, to organize its booth at the U.S. Pavilion of the Expo. Castelli's presentation during the U.S. Technology Seminar - an event jointly organized by DOE and the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service in Beijing - focused on the policies and practical steps that are needed to achieve net zero energy building goals in the U.S. Nils Peterman presented on the National Fenestration Ratings Council's Windows Collaborative Program in China, which focuses on adopting labeling standards for windows. In addition, Brian Castelli participated in the meeting with Vice Minister of Housing, Urban, and Rural Development Qui Baoxing, who stressed the need to accelerate the collaboration with the U.S. in energy efficency issues related to construction and water sectors.

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Page 1: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

通往高效率零能耗建筑之路政策展望和实施步骤

On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:

Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

Brian T. Castelli Executive Vice President for Programs and Development

5th International Conference on Intelligent, Green & Energy Efficient Buildings Beijing, China

March 27-29,2009

布莱恩 · 卡斯特里常务副主席(主管项目开发)

美国节能联盟

Page 2: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

联盟组成:工商企业,政府和社会各界Forging Alliances: Business, Government & Public

Alliance Associates represent 150+ organizations Operate in all 50 states and a number of countries All economic sectors, with aggregate revenues of $1.5 trillion Public agencies and utilities serving half of the US population

美国节能联盟现有超过 150的会员机构 会员地域分布于全美 50 个州和几个国家 会员涉及各个经济部门,其经济总量超过 1 万 5 千亿美元。 会员中的公共机构和公共事业部门为半数美国人口提供服务

Page 3: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

政策展望:最佳时间和最糟时间Policy Outlook: The Best of Times – the Worst of Times

Worst economic downtown since 1930s, but … A new Administration committed to Green Infrastructure; investing in people &

technology A Congress willing to spend $ (for now!) Slow growth buys time for climate policy, but…

- Low oil prices encourage wasteful practices, and…

- Carbon (or gasoline) taxes difficult in a recession

遇到 30 年代以来最糟糕的经济衰退 , 但是… 新一届政府致力于绿色基础设施建设 , 投资决策以人和技术为本 新一届国会非常愿意立刻拨款 ( 就现在 !)

注:美国国会向来因拨款审批冗长而出名 经济增长缓慢给制定气候变化政策赢得时间 , 但是…

- 低油价鼓励能源浪费的行为 , 同时 - 碳税 ( 或燃油税 ) 在经济衰退时实施比较困难

Page 4: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

能效是美国最大的能源资源Energy Efficiency is Already Our FIRST Energy Resource

自 1973 年以来,能源效率和节能改造已经带来每年 50 Quads 节能成效能效和节能

石油天然气

煤炭核电

生物质能

水电

地热,太阳能及风能

2007 本国产量 净进口

1 Quad 等于 36 百万吨标煤

Page 5: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

5全美能耗: 100 Quads , 美国能源部

为什么要对建筑进行节能Why Buildings?

U.S. Department of Energy

~2/3 envelope & installed

equipment

~1/3 appliances & “other”

40% of Energy and CO2; 70% of Electricity

全美建筑使用近 40% 的能源,占近 40% 的碳排放,消耗全美近 70% 的电力

商业建筑耗能增长最快 And the fastest growth is in commercial buildings

Page 6: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

政策环境不断改变The Policy Landscape is Changing

Architecture2030 Challenge (Mayors!) ASHRAE Std 90.1, Std 189, Advanced Guidelines Energy Independence & Security Act (EISA)

- Federal goals – existing & new buildings; green leasing

- Zero Net Energy Commercial Buildings Initiative “Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009”

- ~ $20 Billion for EE for States & Cities, much of it for buildings

建筑 2030 挑战行动 ( 市长们 !) 美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师协会 标准 90.1, 标准 189, 先进指标 2007 美国能源独立和安全法 (EISA)

- 联邦目标 – 现有、新建建筑 ; 绿色租赁- 零能耗商业建筑倡议

2009 美国复苏和再投资法 (ARRA)

- 大约 200 亿 美元用于各州和城市的能效项目 , 大部分为建筑节能

Page 7: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

270

290

310

330

350

370

390

410

430

450

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

FISCAL YEAR

kW

h (

fin

al

en

erg

y)

pe

r S

qu

are

Me

ter

10% Goal - 1995 (NECPA)

20% Goal - 2000 (EPACT)

30% Goal - 2005 (EO 12902)

35% Goal - 2010 (EO 13123)

25.6% Reduction, 2004 (Preliminary Data)

Actual Energy Use

联邦建筑能耗强度: 2005- 降低 30% ; 2010- 降低35% 。

政策工具 : 公共部门主导 Policy Tools: Public Sector Leadership

能效标准 + 成效报告卡 Efficiency Standards + Report Cards

公共建筑 Public Buildings

政府采购 Public Procurement

dwilkes
What exactly do you mean by "public"? Can we call that "government" or public in the sense of "being open to the public" or "official, coming from the government"?
Page 8: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

制定长期目标:“零能耗”Setting a Long-term Goal: “Net-Zero Energy”

A building that is designed, constructed, and operated: - To greatly reduce energy use (i.e. ~80%)

- …and meet remaining energy needs from renewable sources

- Carbon-neutral

- Economically viable (net-zero cash flow)

建筑物在设计,建设和运行时达到以下几点:- 大量减少能源消耗 ( 大约减少 80%)

- 其他用能需求通过可再生能源满足- 碳中和- 经济可行 ( 净现金流为零 )

Page 9: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

净零能耗 – 当前水平如何? “ Net Zero” Energy – Where Are We Today?

“Net-Zero”

Source: R. Anderson, NREL

现有商业建筑

能效最佳外加光伏系统商业建筑

能效最佳商业建筑

按节能标准改造后所有建筑

案例研究

净零能耗

英热单位 /平方呎 /每年

Page 10: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

净零能耗政策组成Elements of an NZE Policy

Research and Development – Create new technology- RD&D Partnerships with Industry

Incentives & voluntary programs – Create buyer demand- Tax incentives, rebates, loan guarantees, etc.- Utility programs (DSM, Demand Response)

Public Education – Build market share- Consumer education and awareness campaigns- Labeling (ENERGY STAR, LEED, GreenGlobes, etc.)

Standards – Set a floor & trigger innovation- Buildings, equipment, vehicles- Utility Energy Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS)

Public sector leadership – Reduce market risk

研发 – 开发新技 与工业部门合作进行研发和推广 激励和自愿性计划 – 拉动消费 税收刺激,消费返还,贷款保证等 公共事业项目 (需求侧管理,需求响应

计划) 公众宣传教育– 建立市场份额 用户节能教育和宣传 能效标识 (能源之星认证, LEED 绿色建 筑认证,绿色环球认证) 标准 – 设定基准面,引导创新 建筑,设备和车辆 公共事业部门能源效率资源标准 (EERE) 公共部门领导 – 减少市场风险

Page 11: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

建筑能源效率水平:标识,标识,任何地方Building Energy Performance: Labels, Labels, Everywhere!

ENERGIEAUSWEIS für Nichtwohngebäude gemäß den §§ 16 ff. Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV)

2

2

3

4

5

6

weitere Zonen in Anlage

1

Anteil [%]Zone Fläche [m²]Nr.

Gebäudezonen

Gebäude insgesamt

Kühlung einschl. Befeuchtung

LüftungEingebauteBeleuchtung

WarmwasserHeizung[kWh/(m2·a)]

Jährlicher Endenergiebedarf in kWh/(m2·a) für

Nutzenergie

Endenergie

Primärenergie

Aufteilung Energiebedarf

Kühlung einschl. Befeuchtung

Warmwasser LüftungEingebauteBeleuchtung

Heizung Gebäude insgesamt

Energieträger

Endenergiebedarf „Normverbrauch“

W/(m²K)EnEV-Anforderungs-Wert HT’kWh/(m²a)EnEV-Anforderungs-Wert

W/(m²K)Gebäude Ist-Wert HT’kWh/(m²a)Gebäude Ist-Wert

Energetische Qualität der Gebäudehülle Primärenergiebedarf

Nachweis der Einhaltung des § 3 oder § 9 Abs. 1 der EnEV (Vergleichswerte)

Primärenergiebedarf „Gesamtenergieeffizienz“

Berechneter Energiebedarf des Gebäudes

Das verwendete Berechnungsverfahren ist durch die EnEV vorgegeben. Insbesondere wegen standardisierter Randbedingungen erlauben die angegebenen Werte keine Rückschlüsse auf den tatsächlichen Energieverbrauch. Die ausgewiesenen Bedarfswerte sind spezifische Werte nach der EnEV pro Quadratmeter Gebäudenutzfläche (AN). Die oben als EnEV-Anforderungswert bezeichneten Anforderungen der EnEV sind nur im Falle des Neubaus und der Modernisierung nach § 9 Abs. 1 EnEV bindend.

* freiwillige Angabe

Erläuterungen zum Berechnungsverfahren

CO2-Emissionen * kg/(m²·a)

EnEV-AnforderungswertNeubau

Dieses Gebäude:

kWh/(m²·a)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 >1000

EnEV-Anforderungswertmodernisierter Altbau

Lüftungsanlage mit Wärmerückgewinnung Schachtlüftung

Lüftungsanlage ohne Wärmerückgewinnung Fensterlüftung

Die Lüftung erfolgt durch:

Eingebaute Beleuchtung

Lüftungskonzept Kühlung Lüftung

Warmwasser Heizung

Erneuerbare Energieträger werden genutzt für:

Einsetzbarkeit alternativer Energieversorgungssysteme nach § 5 EnEV vor Baubeginn berücksichtigt

Erneuerbare Energien

Page 12: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

让市场看到能效水平Making Energy Performance Visible to the Market

Energy rating and disclosure must be:- Technically valid – and perceived

as valid- Empirical – based on available data - Practical – consider information

cost vs value- Universal (mandatory not voluntary)

Key Data Elements- Asset rating (buy/sell/rent/finance)- Operational rating (manage,

retrofit)- Key features (all)

能效审定和公布必须 :-技术上有效 – 同时也要让人感觉有效-经验 – 根据可获得数据 -实际 – 考虑信息成本和价值-通用 – 强制而不是自愿

重要数据-建筑物审定 ( 购买 /销售 / 租赁 /融资 )-运行审定 ( 管理 , 改造 )-重要特征 ( 全部 )

Page 13: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

参与方有 :      A. 建筑设计专业人员 - 建筑设计师和工程人员 B. 开发单位,施工单位,融资机构和地产经纪 C. 建筑业主和运营单位 – 公共和私营部门      D. 学术和研究机构,及国家实验室 E. 建筑法规部门和能源法规执行模范机构 F. 高效绿色建筑协会或委员会 G.室内空气质量和环境专家      H. 智能建筑和建筑信息系统专家 I. 电力公司能效项目 J. 设备生产厂家和供货商 K. 公共交通专家 L. 非政府能源效率机构

网站 http://www.hpcgbp.org/

高效能商业绿色建筑合作组织

Partnership participants: A. Design professions - architects and professional engineers      B. Development, construction, financial, and real estate      C. Building owners and operators - public and private sectors      D. Academic and research organizations, including national laboratories      E. Building code agencies and model energy code organizations      F. High-performance green building associations or councils      G. Experts in indoor air quality and indoor environment      H. Experts in intelligent buildings and building information systems      I. Utility energy efficiency programs      J. Equipment manufacturers and suppliers      K. Public transportation experts      L. Nongovernmental energy efficiency organizations

Page 14: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

– Reduce electricity use 15% by 2020– Net-zero energy buildings by 2030– Overhaul federal appliance standards– By 2014, reduce energy use in new federal buildings

45%; 25% in existing federal buildings– Flip incentives for utilities– Invest in a “smart grid”– Weatherize 1 million homes/year– Investment incentives for “livable cities”

奥巴马总统:能源效率倡导者President Obama: Energy Efficiency Advocate

– 到 2020 年,减少 15% 电力消耗– 到 2030 年,实现建筑零能耗– 大幅修改联邦家电和电器标准– 到 2014 年,新联邦建筑减少 45% 能耗,现有联邦

建筑减少 25% 能耗– 为电力公司节能提供激励措施– 投资建设“智能电网”– 每年气候化 100万居民住宅– 联邦提供资金,鼓励“宜居城市”建设

Page 15: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

延长建筑税收鼓励政策 Building Tax Incentives Extended (10/08 Financial Rescue Bill, H.R.1424)

Commercial Buildings: Deduct $1.80/sq ft (5 years) New Homes: Builder tax credit $1-2K for 30-50% above standard (1 yr) Home Improvements: Homeowner tax credit (1 year) Appliances: Manufacturer tax credit for efficient appliances (+3 years) Smart Meters: Accelerated 10-year depreciation for utilities

商业建筑 : 税负减免 $1.80/平方呎( 5 年) 新住宅 : 如果新宅能效高出标准 30-50% ,开发商享受税收减免额 1-2 千美元 (1 年 )

房屋改造 : 房主税收减免 (1 年 ) 家电和电器 : 厂家生产高效家电和电器可享受 3 年以上税收减免

智能电表 : 电力公司可以采用 10 年加速折旧回收成本

Page 16: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

预见将来的最好方式就是创造它 “The best way to predict the future is to invent it.” - Alan Kay (艾伦 · 开,美国计算机科学家,面向对象编程创始人)

前景:商业建筑的 “零能耗未来” Vision: A Zero Energy Future for Commercial Buildings

要是我那时候问别人想要什么,他们会说要更快的马 “If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.” - Henry Ford (享利 ·福特,美国福特汽车公司的创始人)

Page 17: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

EE GLOBAL 2009

2009 年 4 月 27-29日,法国巴黎 美国节能联盟主办 国际指导委员会有

Page 18: On the Road toHigh Performance, Net-Zero Energy Buildings:Policy Outlook and Practical Steps

谢谢!THANK YOU!

联系方式Brian T. Castelli

Executive Vice President

Programs & Development

[email protected]

www.ase.org