One Flew over the Cuckoorsquos Nest

Ken Kesey

Why did Kesey Write in this Way Kesey actually worked as a night warden on

a ward in a mental hospital He was so determined to get the feel of being a patient that he underwent ECT

While at Stanford Kesey volunteered for medical studies on the effects of psychoactive drugs (often hallucinogens) He used these experiences to inform how Chief would see the world

Adaptations Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage

and screen The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars

Best film best adapted screenplay best

actress best actor and best director Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in

1975 because they changed the point of view

from the original story

Narration

Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden He has had too much electroshock therapy

and too many drugs Kesey probably did too

Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist

What is this

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Why did Kesey Write in this Way Kesey actually worked as a night warden on

a ward in a mental hospital He was so determined to get the feel of being a patient that he underwent ECT

While at Stanford Kesey volunteered for medical studies on the effects of psychoactive drugs (often hallucinogens) He used these experiences to inform how Chief would see the world

Adaptations Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage

and screen The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars

Best film best adapted screenplay best

actress best actor and best director Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in

1975 because they changed the point of view

from the original story

Narration

Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden He has had too much electroshock therapy

and too many drugs Kesey probably did too

Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist

What is this

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Adaptations Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage

and screen The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars

Best film best adapted screenplay best

actress best actor and best director Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in

1975 because they changed the point of view

from the original story

Narration

Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden He has had too much electroshock therapy

and too many drugs Kesey probably did too

Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist

What is this

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Narration

Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden He has had too much electroshock therapy

and too many drugs Kesey probably did too

Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist

What is this

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

What is this

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Combine Harvester A combine harvester is an agricultural

machine that harvests all types of cereals oil

seeds and legumes through four main steps

The crop is cut and directed into a rotating

chamber with a series of beaters going the

opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper for transfer and the debris falls out the rear

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Motifs to keep an eye on 1048710 Fog 1048710 Hands 1048710 Naturepurity 1048710 Machinecombine 1048710 Christsavior 1048710 Sanityinsanity 1048710 Laughter

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Check out some images that McMurphy would have seen in his ward

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Similarities to ldquoCuckoorsquos Nestrdquo

Guests had to check in Most were admitted by

family members Many patients had the

power to leave on theirown but were ldquocontrolledrdquoby staff and manipulated tobelieve that they needed tostay

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Mental Hospitals in the 1930-1960s

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Conditions at These Hospitals Could Be Atrocious

1048710 Over crowded 1048710 Dirty 1048710 Not nurturing 1048710 No privacy 1048710 Similar tomdashor in

some cases worse thanmdashprison

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Inside the Institutions 1048710 Patients were provided with

ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss of dignity

1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board

1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence

1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entire life

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Medical Care in Mental Hospitals

Deaths and injuries sometimesresulted from both appropriate andinappropriate treatments

Patients were treated with medicallyapproved procedures like being putin tanks of ice-cold water spun inchairs for hours and forcedmedications (powerfulpsychoactive drugs)

Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo withnon-medically approved procedureswhich were simply designed tocontrol them For example patientscould be shackled to walls placed inseclusion (most often withoutclothing) or placed in restraints(being strapped to a bed with leatherrestraints often in a spread-eagleposition)

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Types of Treatments for the Mentally Ill Group therapy Drug Therapy Electroshock Therapy Lobotomy

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Drug TherapyChlorpromazine Schizophrenic

psychosis or manic depressive disorder

Thorazine the first psychotropicdrug was a milestonein treatment therapymaking it possible tocalm unruly behavioranxiety agitation andconfusion without usingphysical restraints

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

ElectroshockElectroconvulsive Therapy1048710 Became very popular 1930rsquos-40rsquos1048710 Originated to control negative

behaviors in animals(electroshock)

1048710 A doctor had noticed thatschizophrenic epileptics

who had a seizure often were more

ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash

which led to chemicalconvulsives and ultimatelyelectroconvulsive

treatment1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the

human brain to produce desired behaviors1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control

device within most wards

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Electroshock Therapy is Very Controversial but is Still Used Today

- Used to treat some forms of severe

depression

- Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly

- Used on children in an attempt to

correct their wild andor unwanted

behaviors

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Lobotomy Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal

lobes of the brain The operation has been performed onmentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were notimproved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be alast resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureateEgas Moniz in the 1930s

Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies wereperformed in the United States

If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes therecaused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and noproblems with speech or gait

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Abuses of Lobotomy

1048710Freeman developed what otherscalled assembly line

lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even

having his assistants time him to see if he could

break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight

1048710Doctors would recommend theprocedure for everything

from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

Lobotomy1048710 Every patient probably loses something by this operationsome spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of thepersonalityrdquo

1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from adisturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was nointention to help the patient The goal was only toeradicate the behavior which others found undesirable

1048710 ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo

1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such aslove concern for others empathy self-insight creativityinitiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoningjudgment future planning foresight will-powerdetermination and concentration

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals

ldquodeinstitutionalization revolutionrdquo mid ndash 1960rsquos A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began

It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate careof institutions

Individuals would live in their communities andhave a normalized life

Group homes residential care facilities and roominghouses were developed

The movement helped to break up the control thatwas happening in the hospitals