o.n.e - september 2008
DESCRIPTION
Fair Trade in VietnamTRANSCRIPT
September 2008
FAIR TRADE: Betterday in Vietnam
CLIMATE CHANGE: Adapting to early floods in Bangladesh
CHINA EARTHQUAKE: One community helping another
AFRICA and EUROPE: Working for a fair partnership
Fair Trade cashew farmers (top) and Fair Trade tea farmers (bottom), who are Hmong minority people / photos cortesy of Betterday
CO
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BETTERDAYBy Madeleine Marie Slavick
In Vietnamese, there is no trans-
lation for ‘social enterprise’ and the
Hanoi-based company ‘Betterday’
has no name in the language. Yet,
“Betterday” is the brand name of the
100 per cent Vietnamese owned com-
pany MDI Jsc.
This speaks of some of the chal-
lenges that this new company faces
every day: most people in Vietnam
do not know what ‘Fair Trade’ means.
“Maybe we’re a little crazy,” say
Nguyen Tuyet Minh and Dominic
Smith, who “used to have good-pay-
ing jobs” but now volunteer their time
for Betterday. “But we really believe
that the principles of Fair Trade will
lead to sustainable development of
the country. We want to show that
it can work in a developing country.”
Minh, Director and Founder, has
more than ten years of management
experience in marketing, and anoth-
er five years of high-level positions
with NGOs. Vietnam has been her fo-
cus. Dominic, Agricultural Economic
Advisor with Betterday, has seventeen
years of experience across Asia, and
another eight in Vietnam.
Betterday has already made its
mark as the first internationally li-
censed Fair Trade brand located in a
developing country. It is involved with
the whole supply chain, from farming
to processing to packaging and sell-
ing. They provide quality and healthy
food items – cashew, tea and coffee –
grown in six provinces across Vietnam.
All of the farmers they work with live
below the international poverty line
of US$1 day; most are ethnic minor-
ity people; and many live in remote
mountainous regions.
These 1,000 or so farmers working
with Betterday belong to groups with
as few as 14 members to as many as
100. The main requirement is that the
groups adhere to Fair Trade principles
such as equal participation, gender
equity, eco-friendly farming and no
child labour. Betterday also looks for
a sense of enthusiasm and determina-
tion: will the group be worth their in-
vestment, of providing technical agri-
cultural assistance, management skills
training, marketing support and infra-
structural expenses, such as for space
for drying and storing goods.
Tea picking tends to be done by
women, cashew by men, and cof-
fee by both. Tea traditionally uses
the most pesticides, up to 25 sprays
per growing season. (Betterday tea
is all organic, with no chemical pes-
ticides or insecticides used. Instead,
a mixture of ginger, chili, garlic and
water is sometimes used.) Cashews
processing can be toxic and requires
in Vietnam
A writer-photographer of German-
American descent, I have been living in
Asia for twenty years now: this autumn
marks the anniversary.
Much of my sense of home and com-
munity in Hong Kong revolves around
Oxfam: there has been significant in-
spiration and satisfaction in being able
to work alongside extraordinary people
for thirteen years. My colleagues work
long and hard to create a little bit more
justice, equity, peace and community
every day.
I remember the first time I visited a
village in Vietnam, in 1995: we endured
hours and hours of rutty roads or long
hours in a canoe to reach project sites.
Poverty was severe, as seen in disease,
hunger, and sub-standard schools and
clinics. O.N.E features a new social en-
terprise in Vietnam that works to im-
prove the livelihoods of farmers who
grow high-quality tea, coffee and ca-
shews in impoverished communities
like these. It is the world’s first Fair
Trade brand in a developing country,
and Oxfam has supported the growth
of ‘Betterday’.
The first trip to China, in 1998, was
in the mountains of the southwest:
Shimen was rainy and cold even though
it was summertime, and the people I
met worked extremely hard to make a
living by growing potato, mining coal,
and herding sheep. Thirteen years later,
Shimen farmers are in a healthy finan-
cial position to be donating thousands
of Yuan to Oxfam’s earthquake effort
in Sichuan.
When I first arrived in Hong Kong,
late at night, on the day after voting in
the 1988 United States elections, there
were small red-lit shrines visible from
the metal gates of everyone’s very small
apartments in very high-rise buildings.
I thought to myself: will this ever
feel like ‘home’?
Yes, there is a definite sense of
home, although I do not keep a shrine,
and my arm-span is wider than my
home-office. I have circles of friends,
appreciate many aspects of Chinese
culture, and know the streets and vil-
lages here. I vote, pay taxes, and have
a landlord.
At the same time, I ask, what is
‘home’ and ‘community’ and where
are the boundaries? To me, the sto-
ries in Vietnam and Shimen show that
everywhere is home, and that there is
no community too remote for equity
and equality. In northeast Bangladesh,
too, as O.N.E reveals, farmers are
working to protect themselves against
the global changes in the climate.
Across rural Africa, farmers are fighting
against the unfair Economic Partnership
Agreements with Europe.
Yes, everywhere is home: one circle
of community.
Madeleine Marie SlavickEditor, O.N.E
Average Yield (ton/hectare)
Optimal yield Remarks
BRRI 45 Rice 7.14 6 recommended
BRRI 29 Rice 9.88 7.5 recommended
Wheat 4.01 3.5-4.6 recommended
Potato 29.64 25-30 recommended
Garlic 9.88 10-12 recommended
Onion 11.12 12-15 recommended
Bitter gourd 24.70 25-28 recommended
Sweet gourd 69.34 60-70 recommended
Bate shak 14.82 45-55 not recommended
China shak 25.35 25-30 recommended
Red amaranth 12.84 12-14 recommended
Stem amaranth 12.35 13-15 recommended
Garden pea 9.88 12-14 needs further trials
Eggplant 49.40 45-50 recommended
French bean 13.59 13-14 recommended
Tomato 25.94 80-85 not recommended
Radish 41.17 55-60 needs further trials
Mung bean 0.98 1.2-1.5 needs further trials
Black gram 1.23 1.4-1.6 needs further trials
(Source: Center for Natural Resource Studies)
Chart 1: Trial Crops Performance
Total production cost/hectare Total output/hectare
CROPS
TAKA
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0 Wheat Potato Garlic Onion Bitter Sweet Red Stem Garden Tomato Radisha gourd gourd Amaranth Amaranth pea
Table 1: 18 Crops in the Pilot Project
THE FLOODS ARE CHANGING: SOONER IS NOT BETTERBy M. Anisul Islam and Mokhlesur Rahman Suman
project has been carried out by the
Center for Natural Resource Studies,
with assistance from the Bangladesh
Agriculture Research Institute and
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, two
national institutions with technical ex-
pertise and experienced personnel who
could assist farmers to adjust their crop-
ping patterns.
With the support of the two in-
stitutes as well as from Oxfam Hong
Kong, 126 demonstration plots with
18 different crops were tested in a pi-
lot project with 102 farmers (26 wom-
en and 76 men) from ten villages in
Sunamganj District. Several techniques
were tested to reduce the length of the
growing cycle for the rice: varying the
spacing between seedlings, the age of
the seedlings, and using potassium.
Transplanting seedlings at 30 days old
could shorten the cycle of BRRI 29, a
popular variety of rice, by about 15-20
days. The rice usually needs 165 days
from sowing to harvesting, but now
only about 145 days. Another type of
rice, BRRI 45, with an even shorter cy-
cle, was found to be appropriate for
the haor as it can be harvested before
the floods arrive. The experimentation
also found that using 40kg potassium
per hectare is optimum to increase
production.
In all, the national institutes intro-
duced 18 crops and almost all of them
performed well, except for two, toma-
to and bate shak. See Table 1 for all 18
crops and Chart 1 for the crops with the
best profit ratio.
M. Anisul Islam and Mokhlesur Rahman Suman work with the Center for Natural Resource Studies, an organisation which Oxfam Hong Kong supports in Bangladesh.
ers there, making it their tenth farmer
group.
While Minh and Dominic were in
Hong Kong, they met with a number
of buyers and retailers, with whom they
hope to do business. (Currently, most of
their buyers are in Europe.) They also re-
connected with James Cheng, a Year 3
university student who as an intern de-
signed their new leaflet and logo, and
may design a poster soon. “Betterday
is a good, small company, like a family.
They treated me like a son. It felt like a
second home.”
MDI Jsc. was set up in April 2007, ,
and their first Betterday product was
launch in December 2007. They hope
to be able to break even by April 2010.
They have made many investments and
Betterday’s coffee is all high-quality
Arabica, from the mountains near the
Laos border. Compared to coffee, there
is not a lot of Fair Trade cashews on the
world market (only about 30 tonnes of
Fair Trade cashew, compared to about
30,000 tonnes of coffee), and most of
Betterday’s cashews go to an importer
in The Netherlands.
Minh and Dominic recently exhibited
their Fair Trade products at the Hong
Kong Food Expo. Oxfam Hong Kong
supported their participation at the
Expo, their launch of tea in Vietnam in
December 2007, and a trip to meet tea
farmers in Nghe An, Central Vietnam,
where Oxfam has been working for
over a decade. Betterday may begin a
new Fair Trade contract with the farm-
will soon open a showroom which will
also house their factory, storage facility
and office. And it will be the place for
to promote the vision of their Betterday
products and other Fairtrade products
to consumers in Vietnam.
For more about Betterday, please visit: www.betterday.com.vn/
BRRI 45 - rice suitable for the haor region of Bangladesh
The landscape of northeast Bangla-
desh changes from season to season:
natural patterns of flooding create fish-
eries in the wet season and allow rice
growing in the dry.
The area, called the haor basin, mea-
sures about 600,000 hectares, and the
rice and other grain grown here pro-
vides about ten per cent of the country’s
supply. This is from a single annual crop.
There is certainly potential for increased
production, which would certainly re-
duce the poverty faced by most of the
residents of the area. About a third of
the haor is kanda, or slightly raised land,
which is not suitable for rice but for rabi
crops, which include oilseeds, maize,
pulses and wheat.
A major problem at hand is a change
in nature. The flooding that had fol-
lowed the same patterns for decades
and generations are now different:
they are coming about fifteen days
sooner, right at the harvesting season.
This change in the climate is ruining
harvests, threatening the ecosystem,
and putting the already unstable liveli-
hoods of people at even greater risk. In
Sunamganj District, where about eighty
per cent of the people are landless and
work as sharecroppers or labourers,
harvesting of the high-yield winter rice
happens in the middle of April, and the
flash floods in late March damage, if not
completely ruin, the crop.
The hydrological nature of the haor
has also changed over the years. Various
factors are generally held responsible:
changes of rainfall patterns upstream,
deforestation in both the haor and in
the Meghalaya Hills in India, and more
pollution from the north.
Thirty years ago, when flash floods
hit the border of Sunamganj, it took 2
to 5 days to reach Tahirpur and 10 to
15 days to reach Jamalganj (source: re-
search by Center for Natural Resource
Studies). Nowadays, it takes just 1 day
to reach Tahirpur and 3-5 days to reach
Jamalganj. In the past, distribution of
rainwater and forest coverage in the
hills and haor basin slowed down the
overland flow of water, and water
seeped into soil. With siltation of the riv-
ers, canals and the haor, the land is now
not able to retain water, nor can the
rivers drain the water into the Meghna
River system. Residents of the haor say
that these days, the volume of run off
from the flash floods in March and April
is much higher than forty years back.
To cope, farmers have had to grow
a different type of rice, with a shorter
cycle. They have had to diversify their
crops, and at the same time, adapt their
agricultural techniques. Technologies
have been identified that suit the bio-
physical and socio-economic environ-
ment of the haor and have been tested
and further developed through par-
ticipatory research trials which farm-
ers have joined. This research and pilot
protective clothing, which Betterday
provides as a responsible Fair Trader,
even though Vietnamese law does
not require it. Coffee cherries must be
picked when they are a deep red, and
a lot of time and hands are needed to
separate out the unripe and overripe
ones. September is coffee harvest time
in Vietnam.
Vietnam has a reputation for making
fine tea. Betterday’s jasmine tea, for in-
stance, comes from the spring harvest,
with the freshly picked night-opened
white flowers added for a peaceful
scent. They started with green, loose
tea, and now make tea bags of green
and black. They dream of making dif-
ferent types of packaged tea in the
future.
(Left) Minh and her colleagues at the launch of Betterday Fair Trade tea in Vietnam(Right) Minh and Dominic
in Bangladesh
in Vietnam
THE EU AND AFRICA – IT’S TIME FOR A BETTER PARTNERSHIP
Farmers, students, church members
and civil society activists across Africa
have been united in a call to “Stop EPAs”
or Economic Partnership Agreements,
the free trade agreements that the
European Union has been negotiat-
ing with 77 states across Africa, the
Caribbean and the Pacific.
Why do EPAs need to be stopped?
In an EPA, African governments would
lose the ability to use tariffs and other
such policies to protect their local mar-
kets. Farmers across Africa would suffer
as their products struggle to compete
with highly subsidised European prod-
ucts, citizens would suffer significant
welfare losses, governments would lose
much needed revenues collected from
tariffs and duties and would therefore
be unable to provide basic social servic-
es thus leading to an even bigger liveli-
hoods crisis on the continent.
Until recently, only a few govern-
ment technocrats discussed EPAs. The
average citizen did not know about the
ongoing talks or the impact the agree-
ments would have. The Nairobi-based
Agency for Cooperation and Research
in Development (ACORD) has been well
aware of the disastrous impact that
EPAs would have on Africa’s agricultural
sector and subsistence farmers, and in
January 2007, the pan-African organisa-
tion took the initiative to launch a cam-
paign across the continent. Together
with like-minded organisations and al-
lies worldwide, it aimed to raise citizen
awareness on EPAs, democratise the
debate, educate parliamentarians, and
ultimately promote a different globali-
sation that benefits poor farmers in the
least developed countries.
Procedurally, the entire EPA process
has been flawed. EPAs are demanding
much more than what had been agreed
through the World Trade Organization,
there has been a lack of transparency
in the negotiations, and key African
stakeholders such as gender groups
have not been represented. Furthermore,
the EU has blatantly used bullying tac-
tics and is now asking the governments
to bypass standard ratification proce-
dures. What an EPA requires of Africa is
so astounding that civil society groups
have called it a “re-colonisation” with
the EU “coming back to deplete our
(African) resources”.
With such tactics from the EU, it
seemed that everything was set for the
EPAs to be signed, but due to mass ac-
tion, the deadline for the signing of
the ‘comprehensive EPA’ has been de-
layed to 2009.
It is encouraging that some of
Africa’s critical issues are on the agenda
of international institutions and govern-
ments, and that the voice of civil society
is making a difference, yet the momen-
tum must be maintained. Awareness-
raising with farmers, policymakers and
the general public needs to be ongo-
ing. So far, the campaign has been
full of energy and creativity – starting
from effective media stunts during the
World Social Forum in Nairobi, to every-
thing from hip-hop concerts to prayer
days among religious groups and farm-
ers speaking out during the EU-Africa
Summit in Lisbon in December 2007.
September 2008 marks another an-
niversary of the launch of the EPA ne-
gotiations, and 27 September is Global
Stop EPA day. ACORD and its partner
organisations are busy planning ac-
tions all across Africa, such as public
forums, demonstrations, conferences,
workshops, concerts and 24-hour hun-
ger strikes. ACORD is also gathering the
most current information from forums
and negotiations and providing it to
civil society groups across the continent,
and beyond.
Policy-wise, there are options to
EPAs, such as a Generalized System of
Preferences Plus, that have not been ex-
plored. Under this scheme, the EU could
allow high-level market access that is
within WTO trade rules. Since the EU
currently offers this to Latin American
countries, the scheme could also apply
to Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific
countries.
There is a common saying that if
the Emperor is naked, say so. Don’t let
your Emperor walk down the street na-
ked just because a con artist has hood-
winked the government! African civil
society groups are saying so – they are
continuing to push their governments
to do more to protect African trade in-
terests. Now more than ever, with the
food crisis and the increasing impacts of
climate change, African agriculture and
food sovereignty must be protected.
For more on the campaign, visit www.stopthink resist.org.
For more about ACORD, please vis it www.acordinternational.org. Oxfam Hong Kong has been supporting ACORD for over a decade. Text, photographs and campaign posters courtesy of ACORD.
Every day, Oxfam Hong Kong works
alongside hundreds of groups around
the world, from small NGOs to inter-
national bodies, from government
departments of developing countries
to community groups based in Hong
Kong. Here are 3 ‘partner organisa-
tions’ that we are supporting for the
first time. The location indicates where
the project is being implemented.
CHINA (MAINLAND)•Gansu Academy of Village Development •Guizhou Provincial Institute of Ethnic Studies
HONG KONG•Community Development Alliance
In this edition of O.N.E, we highlight
Community Development Alliance, made up of some of the
most committed community develop-
ment practitioners and academics in
Hong Kong: about 80 people who work
on a range of socio-economic issues.
They sought support from Oxfam
Hong Kong to work in Tin Shui Wai,
a community in the northeast part of
Hong Kong which has a high concen-
tration of unemployed people (both
youth and middle-aged), residents
on social welfare, new arrivals from
Mainland China, and single-headed
households. The severity of social prob-
lems in Tin Shui Wai has led to about
five full-length films – features and
documentaries – to be set there, some
involving crime, alienation and suicide,
and all revealing poverty.
The alliance selected Oxfam to ap-
ply for funding because Oxfam Hong
Kong understands the development
process, supports resident-led commu-
nity development, promotes participa-
tion and community organising, and
overall, Oxfam believes in process and
empowerment. The alliance will work
alongside Tin Shui Wai residents to as-
sist them to find solutions to problems
in their community, primarily in health
services, transportation and employ-
ment opportunities. Much of this will
done through small group discussions
and, gradually, a coalition will be built
up of groups that can act as a pow-
erbase to articulate their rights and
make recommendations to the gov-
ernment. The work has just begun:
the Oxfam-supported project began
in August 2008.
NewPartnerOrganisations
A resident forum
A farmer leader being interviewed by Reuters during the EU-Africa Summit in Lisbon For the story behind these campaign posters, visit: www.acordinternational.org
in Africa
September 2008
Farmers in Shimen in 1998 (left) and earthquake survivors in Sichuan in 2008 (right) / photos (left) MM Slavick, (right) Oxfam Hong Kong
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Hong Kong
VOICE
A community meeting on relief and rehabilitation projects in Myanmar
OXFAM HONG KONG WEBSITEwww.oxfam.org.hk
OXFAM BOOKSOxfam International recently published
“Joining the World Trade Organization: A non-
government perspective in the accession process”
for least-developed countries. The publication dis-
cusses the membership process of the WTO, step
by step, and the lessons learned by five developing
countries: Cambodia, Nepal, Tonga, Vanuatu and
Vietnam. (The negotiations to become a member
can take fifteen years, as in China’s case.) Oxfam
offers an assessment on the technical assistance available to applicants, and suggests
ways that countries can negotiate beneficial entry conditions. The 59-page publica-
tion was financially supported by Oxfam Hong Kong and Oxfam Australia.
To order books: www.oxfam.org.hk/public/bookstore/list
OXFAM in the NEWS In early August, Oxfam signed an agreement with the Government of Myanmar
for a three-year, US$10 million cyclone response programme in two townships in
the delta. This is on top of the relief and rehabilitation work already being carried
out through 14 organisations based in the country. The agreement allows Oxfam
to formally establish offices in Yangon and in the two townships, and to recruit
staff. This work is being led by Oxfam Great Britain.
The Oxfam International programme as a
whole has now reached approximately 700,000
people.
For more information, and to make dona-
tions, please visit:
http://www.oxfam.org.hk/public/contents/
article?ha=&wc=0&hb=&hc=&revision%5fid=
84797&item%5fid=80849
MOKUNGOxfam Hong Kong publishes this quarterly magazine
in Traditional Chinese. Mokung, which means both “no
poverty” and “infinity”, highlights a different aspect of
development in each issue. The Editor is Tung Tsz-kwan.
The September edition, in a new format, looks at food and
inflation in Hong Kong.
To subscribe: www.oxfam.org.hk/public/bookstore/?lang=big5
Mokung is online at www.oxfam.org.hk/public/contents/category?cid=1017&lang=big5
ONEO.N.E – Oxfam News E-magazine – is uploaded
monthly at www.oxfam.org.hk/one.
To receive a copy in your inbox, please sub-
scribe – it is free.
To subscribe: www.oxfam.org.hk/one/subscribe.html
17th Floor, 28 Marble Road, Northpoint, Hong Kong
O.N.E is also on-line: www.oxfam.org.hk/one
Editor: Madeleine Marie Slavick [email protected]
HONG KONG CLIMATESix action groups call for carbon dioxide emissions to be capped in the Air
Pollution Control Ordinance: right now, the Hong Kong SAR Government does
not regulate CO2 emissions of its two power companies, which account for about
70% of all CO2 emissions. Please add your voice to this campaign (http://write-a-
letter.greenpeace.org/407) – if action is not taken soon, now, Hong Kong winters
may disappear within just 20 years, according to The Hong Kong Observatory.
Oxfam Hong Kong is also calling to stop climate change, to stop the poverty
it is bringing around the world: http://www.oxfam.org.hk/public/contents/
category?cid=53988&lang=iso-8859-1.
in China
Soon after the devastating earth-
quake struck Sichuan, a faraway com-
munity in another province got togeth-
er and donated 13,395 Yuan (about
US$2,000) to Oxfam Hong Kong. The
community is named Shimen.
Nestled in the mountains of south-
west China, near the border of Yunnan
and Sichuan provinces, Shimen carries
a special significance for Oxfam: it is
one of our very first project sites in
the whole country. In 1992, when we
began supporting community devel-
opment projects there, residents faced
severe poverty. Hunger was common,
water was contaminated with fluorine
and bromine, homes were made of
thatch, agricultural yields were small,
access to loans was minimal, and peo-
ple’s average income was less than 100
Yuan a month. Over the years, Oxfam
has helped Shimen improve their food
and water supply; we introduced high-
value crops such as maize; we sup-
ported training in basic veterinarian
skills; we helped set up a community
bank, and more. These days, the av-
erage income stands at about 1,000
Yuan a month, and the quality of life
has improved.
Shimen is cold. A wet day in the
summer feels like winter, a local say-
ing goes, and that means very cold:
wintertime in Shimen is snowy – typi-
cally one foot deep. In January and
February 2008, the worst snowstorm
in fifty years hit Shimen: the severely
cold weather ruined people’s harvests
and made for a very bitter winter. Yet,
when the community heard about the
earthquake in May, they still managed
to come together and collect dona-
tions. Almost everyone contributed,
children and elderly alike, from as little
as 0.50 Yuan to about 60 Yuan each.
Villagers wrote in a letter to Oxfam,
“We don’t have much money. We just
do what we possibly can. Earlier this
year, we were affected by the great-
est snowstorm this region has seen, but
we managed to get through it with the
help of Oxfam. When we were in need,
people helped us. Now seeing others
in need of assistance, we should try
our best to give a helping hand.” The
13,395 Yuan donation from Shimen
was used for books, stationary and ba-
sic physical education equipment for a
primary school Oxfam helped build in
Pengzhou.
Up until mid-August, Oxfam Hong
Kong has supplied HK$20,138,057
worth of materials for 611,522 sur-
vivors in 20 areas of Gansu, Shaanxi
and Sichuan provinces. The priority
has been to assist remote areas not
reached by government or other NGO
efforts, and vulnerable groups of peo-
ple often unassisted in an emergen-
cy, such as children, women, elderly,
people with disabilities and ethnic
minorities.
Howard Liu, China Unit Director,
says, “Oxfam Hong Kong has prepared
to allocate HK$150 million (about
US$19.2 million) for rehabilitation
work over the next five years. Projects
include rebuilding schools, repairing
roads, and securing water supply sys-
tems. Besides this ‘hardware’, we will
also pay specific attention in enabling
poor people to regain their means of
a livelihood.”
Liu continues, “Oxfam has been
conducting poverty-alleviation proj-
ects across Mainland China for more
than 20 years, and this experience is
valuable in a rehabilitation context,
too. Oxfam has been doing assess-
ments in affected areas, and instead
of just restoring things to the ‘status
quo’, we will also consider introduc-
ing different options to raise people’s
standard of living. Growing maize and
raising hares, for instance, are two pos-
sibilities for earning good income and
may help sustain the long-term devel-
opment of communities. Whatever
methods may be used, the positive
growth in Shimen over the years shows
that our approach works.”
Please read Three Months On: A Report on Oxfam Hong Kong’s Response to the China Earthquake of 12 May (http://www.oxfam.org.hk/public/contents/article?ha=&wc=0&hb=&hc=&revision%5fid=87084&item%5fid=87034)
Keith Wong is a member of the communications team of Oxfam Hong Kong, He visited Sichuan in May 2008.
from SHIMEN to SICHUAN by Keith Wong