online examinations
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
Project Title : Online Test Center
Project Description
Online Test Center as mentioned in the name itself it is an
exclusive web application developed for Conducting Online Tests to Students
to assess their Performance. Generally these types of tests are conducted to
students who want to write tests online.
This Project mainly tests the Technical, Logical and Analytical skills
of students. Usually Organizations conduct these types of tests for students
online within a particular time of period. To write these tests the student has to
register for, and then he will be given a unique userid and password to write
the exam. After completing the exam he can view his results. There are two
important modules in this Project. They are
1). Administrator
2). Student/ User
Administrator will manage all things necessary for writing Online Exams. He
will arrange Questions and tests needed for writing exams for students.
User friendly:
This project provides very simple and modified features, which are very
easy to view and operate. This project is designed and organized in a very
simplified manner to hold the details of Students.
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Security:
Site security features include
Username/Password authentication
Per-user, feature-by-feature, and field-by-field access control
Read-only and no access controls to keep identified users from seeing certain
data fields in the Interface, emails, via XML, and all other interfaces or
notifications
Granular administrative privileges
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I thank Almighty God for all His blessings
showered on me.
I extend my thanks to all my friends for their moral support and
encouragement. Last but not least I thank my parents who inspired us
always to do the best.
Candidate Name
Ganga Bhavani Periketi
072258523
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
1.2Objectives
1.3 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability1.3.1 Purpose
1.3.2 Scope
1.3.3 Applicability
1.4Achievements
1.5OrganisationReport
2. SURVEYS OF TECHNOLOGIES
3. REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Problem Definition3.2 Planning and Scheduling
3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements
3.4 Conceptual Models
4. SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Basic Modules
4.2 User interface design
4.3 Security Issues
4.4 Test Cases Design
5. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
5.1 Coding Details
5.2 Testing Approach
6. CONCLUSIONS
6.1 Future Scope of the Project
6.2 References
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TABLE OF FIGURES
1.UserLogin
This table explains about the login details of User.
Column Name Data type Width Constraint Description
UserId int Primary key An Identity
number of
Student
UserName varchar 50 UserName
for Student
Password varchar 50 Password for
Student
EmailId varchar 50 EmailId of
Student
MobileNo varchar 50 MobileNo of
Student
Qualification varchar 50 Qualificationof Student
Address varchar 50 Address of
Student
Gender varchar 50 Gender of
Student.
SkillSet varchar 50 Skills of
Student
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2. Question
This table explains about the total number of Questions in the project.
Column Name Data type Width Constraint Description
TestId varchar 50 Foreign key An Identity
number of
test.
QuestionId varchar 50 Primary key An identity
number for
Questions
Question varchar 150 Describes
about the
Question
Option1 varchar 50 Options for
the Question
Option2 varchar 50 Options for
the Question
Option3 varchar 50 Options for
the Question
Option4 varchar 50 Options for
the Question
Answer varchar 50 Answer for
Question
3. SubjectType
This table explains about the Subject Types inserted by admin.
Column
Name
Data type Width Constraint Description
STypeId varchar 50 Primary key An Identity
number for
Subject
Type
SubjectType varchar 50 Describes
about
SubjectType
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4. Subject
This table explains about Subject which are used for test, entered by admin
Column
Name
Data type Width Constraint Description
STypeId varchar 50 Foreign Key An Identity
number for
SubjectType
SubjectId varchar 50 Primary key An Identity
number for
Subject
SubjectName varchar 50 Describes
about
SubjectName
5. Test
This table explains whole information about Test conducted for Student.
Column Name Data type Width Constraint Description
TestId Varchar 50 Primary key An Identity for
the Test
TestName Varchar 50 Describes
about the
TestName
SubjectId Varchar 50 An Identity for
SubjectId
SubjectName Varchar 50 Describes
about Subject
Name
TestStartDate Varchar 50 Describes
about TestStart
Date
TestEndDate Varchar 50 Describes
about TestEnd
Date
6. Exam
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This table stores information about the test conducted to user and whole
details based on his Exam reports.
Column
Name
Data type Width Constraint Description-
UserId varchar 50 foreign Key An Identity
about Student
TestId varchar 50 An Identity
about Test
Marks int Describes
about Marks
Report varchar 50 Gives Report
status
ExamDate varchar 50 Tells about
ExamDate
AssignTestId varchar 50 Primary key An identity
about Test
Assignment
Status varchar 50 Tells about
Student status
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background:
Mainly this Project is used for those who want to conduct online
Tests and for those who want to write tests online.
1.2 Objectives:
The main objective of this project is to design a website for any
organization to conduct online Tests to Students & to maintain
their results for future purpose.
1.3 Purpose, Scope and Applicability:
1.3.1 Purpose:
Purpose of this project is to create a website which has a feature
of considering the Students and conducting online tests to them
based on their category of interest. Some tests are assigned to the
student and he has to write those particular tests.
1.3.2 Scope:
Once the Administrator signs into the site he can make changes
the entire look and feel according to his views. He can add new
Tests. The administrator will conduct tests to the Students andtests their Performance.
The administrator has accessibility to the site and the site has
been developed by considerations to up comings of the
organization in future enhancements.
1.3.3Applicability:
This Project is mainly useful for any organization who wants to
assign tests to students who wish to write exams through onlinewhere the User/Students profile will be maintained by the
organization.
1.4. Achievements:
This project give me an opportunity of improving my
Designing, coding, analyzing and testing skills
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2. SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES
Microsoft.NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET
Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:
To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment
whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally
but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.
To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes softwaredeployment and versioning conflicts.
To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe
execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-
trusted third party.
To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the
performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying
types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-
based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code
based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language
runtime and the .NET Framework class library. The common language
runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the
runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core
services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting,
while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that
ensure security and robustness. In fact, the concept of code management is a
fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known
as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as
unmanaged code. The class library, the other main component of the .NET
Framework, is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types
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that you can use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-
line or graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the
latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web
services.
What is ASP.NET Web Forms?
The ASP.NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common
language runtime-programming model that can be used on the server to
dynamically generate Web pages.
Intended as a logical evolution of ASP (ASP.NET provides syntax
compatibility with existing pages), the ASP.NET Web Forms
framework has been specifically designed to address a number of key
deficiencies in the previous model. In particular, it provides:
The ability to create and use reusable UI controls that
can encapsulate common functionality and thus reduce the
amount of code that a page developer has to write.
The ability for developers to cleanly structure their page
logic in an orderly fashion (not "spaghetti code").
The ability for development tools to provide strong
WYSIWYG design support for pages (existing ASP code is
opaque to tools).
ASP.NET Web Forms pages are text files with an. aspx file name
extension. They can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root
directory tree. When a browser client requests. aspx resources, the
ASP.NET runtime parses and compiles the target file into a .NET
Framework class. This class can then be used to dynamically process
incoming requests. (Note that the .aspx file is compiled only the first
time it is accessed; the compiled type instance is then reused across
multiple requests).
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An ASP.NET page can be created simply by taking an existing HTML
file and changing its file name extension to .aspx (no modification of
code is required). For example, the following sample demonstrates a
simple HTML page that collects a user's name and category preference
and then performs a form post back to the originating page when a
button is clicked:
ASP.NET provides syntax compatibility with existing ASP pages. This
includes support for code render blocks that can be intermixed
with HTML content within an .aspx file. These code blocks execute in
a top-down manner at page render time.
Code-Behind Web Forms
ASP.NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The first
is the method shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is
physically declared within the originating .aspx file. An alternative
approach--known as the code-behind method--enables the page code to
be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an entirely
separate file.
Introduction to ASP.NET Server Controls
In addition to (or instead of) using code blocks to program
dynamic content, ASP.NET page developers can use ASP.NET server
controls to program Web pages. Server controls are declared within
an .aspx file using custom tags or intrinsic HTML tags that contain a
runat="server" attribute value. Intrinsic HTML tags are handled by
one of the controls in the System.Web.UI.HtmlControls namespace.
Any tag that doesn't explicitly map to one of the controls is assigned
the type ofSystem.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlGenericControl.
Server controls automatically maintain any client-entered values
between round trips to the server. This control state is not stored on the
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server (it is instead stored within an form
field that is round-tripped between requests). Note also that no client-
side script is required.
In addition to supporting standard HTML input controls, ASP.NET
enables developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. For
example, the following sample demonstrates how the control can be used to dynamically display rotating ads on
a page.
1. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful
way to build dynamic Web UI.2. ASP.NET Web Forms pages can target any browser
client (there are no script library or cookie requirements).
3. ASP.NET Web Forms pages provide syntax
compatibility with existing ASP pages.
4. ASP.NET server controls provide an easy way to
encapsulate common functionality.
5. ASP.NET ships with 45 built-in server controls.
Developers can also use controls built by third parties.
6. ASP.NET server controls can automatically project both
up level and down-level HTML.
7. ASP.NET templates provide an easy way to customize
the look and feel of list server controls.
8. ASP.NET validation controls provide an easy way to do
declarative client or server data validation.
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SQL SERVER 2005
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 is comprehensive, integrated data
management and analysis software that enables organizations to reliably
manage mission-critical information and confidently run todays increasingly
complex business applications. SQL Server 2005 allows companies to gain
greater insight from their business information and achieve faster results for a
competitive advantage.
Top-10 Features of SqlServer-2005
1. T-SQL (Transaction SQL) enhancements
T-SQL is the native set-based RDBMS programming language offering high-
performance data access. It now incorporates many new features including
error handling via the TRY and CATCH paradigm, Common Table
Expressions (CTEs), which return a record set in a statement, and the ability to
shift columns to rows and vice versa with the PIVOT and UNPIVOT
commands.
2. CLR (Common Language Runtime)
The next major enhancement in SQL Server 2005 is the integration of a .NET
compliant language such as C#, ASP.NET or VB.NET to build objects (stored
procedures, triggers, functions, etc.). This enables you to execute .NET code
in the DBMS to take advantage of the .NET functionality. It is expected to
replace extended stored procedures in the SQL Server 2000 environment as
well as expand the traditional relational engine capabilities.
3. Service Broker
The Service Broker handles messaging between a sender and receiver in a
loosely coupled manner. A message is sent, processed and responded to,
completing the transaction. This greatly expands the capabilities of data-driven
applications to meet workflow or custom business needs.
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4. Data encryption
SQL Server 2000 had no documented or publicly supported functions to
encrypt data in a table natively. Organizations had to rely on third-party
products to address this need. SQL Server 2005 has native capabilities to
support encryption of data stored in user-defined databases.
5. SMTP mail
Sending mail directly from SQL Server 2000 is possible, but challenging.
With SQL Server 2005, Microsoft incorporates SMTP mail to improve the
native mail capabilities. Say "see-ya" to Outlook on SQL Server!
6. HTTP endpointsyou can easily create HTTP endpoints via a simple T-SQL statement exposing
an object that can be accessed over the Internet. This allows a simple object to
be called across the Internet for the needed data.
7. Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS)
MARS allow a persistent database connection from a single client to have
more than one active request per connection. This should be a major
performance improvement, allowing developers to give users new capabilities
when working with SQL Server. For example, it allows multiple searches, or a
search and data entry. The bottom line is that one client connection can have
multiple active processes simultaneously.
8. Dedicated administrator connection
If all else fails, stop the SQL Server service or push the power button. That
mentality is finished with the dedicated administrator connection. Thisfunctionality will allow a DBA to make a single diagnostic connection to SQL
Server even if the server is having an issue.
9. SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS)
SSIS has replaced DTS (Data Transformation Services) as the primary ETL
(Extraction, Transformation and Loading) tool and ships with SQL Server free
of charge. This tool, completely rewritten since SQL Server 2000, now has a
great deal of flexibility to address complex data movement.
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3. REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Problem Definition:
This comprehensive Online Examination Center is developed
for any organizations who want to conduct Online Tests to Students and for
students who want to test their skills through these exams. Mainly what
happens in these types of exams is some certain amount of time will be given
to students and they have to write the exam in that time only. And another
point we have to mention here is whenever any student wants to write the
exams he has to write in particular period which was mentioned by the
organization. For example whenever any exam was mentioned betweenJanuary to February, then the User has to write in between that particular time
period only.
Unlike desktop systems, with this 100% web-based approach you get
real-time visibility into what is actually happening.
3.2 Scheduling:
Pert chart:
Program Evaluation Review Technique, PERT can be both a cost and
a time management system. PERT is organized by events and activities or
tasks. PERT has several advantages over bar charts and is likely to be used
with more complex projects. One advantage of PERT is that it is scheduling
device that also shows graphically which tasks must be completed before
others are begun.
Also, by displaying the various task paths, PERT enables the
calculation of a critical path. Each path consists of combinations of tasks,
which must be completed. PERT controls time and cost during the project and
also facilitates finding the right balance between completing a project on time
and completing it within the budget.
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18
WRITE
MANUAL
ANALYSIS
I/O DESIGN
CODING
INTEGRATION
AND TESTING
FINISH
PERT CHART
START
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Gantt chart (Bar Chart):
A Bar Chart is perhaps the simplest form of formal project
management. The bar chart is also known as Gantt chart. It is used almost
exclusively for scheduling purposes and therefore controls only the time
of projects.
Gantt Charts are a project control technique that can be used for
several purposes, including scheduling, budgeting and resource planning. A
Gantt chart is a Bar Chart, with each bar representing an activity. The bars are
drawn against a time line. The length of each bar is proportional to the length
of time planned for the activity.
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ANALYSIS
I /O DESIGN
CODING
WRITE MANUAL
INTEGRATIONAND
TESTING
START
GANTT CHART
SLACK TIME, i.e., the LATEST TIME by which a task must be finished
White part of the bar shows the length of time each task is estimated to take
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3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements
The minimum software and hardware requirements are
Software:
Operating System Windows XP Professional (sp2)
Language ASP.Net (C#.Net)
Data Base Sql Server 2005
IIS ISS 5.0
Hardware:
Processor Pentium-III Intel 80486
Clock speed 800 MHZ or aboveRam 128 MB Ram or above
HDD 20 GB
FDD 1.44 MB
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3.4 Conceptual Models:
Entity Relationship Diagram
An entity relationship diagram is a graphical representation of an
organizations data storage Requirements.
Entity relationship diagrams are abstractions of the real world which simplify
the problem to be solved while retaining its essential features.
Student Entity
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Student
Register
Login
Qualification
Skill Set
Write
Exams
msName
View
Results
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Administrator Entity
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Administrator
Conducts
Tests
Assign
Tests
Maintains
ReportsMaintains
tests
Gives Login
for User
Inserts
Question
s
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Relationship between two Entites:
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Administrator ConducttestStudent
Maintain
s results
Conducts
Tests
Login
Writes
Exam
View
Result
s
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Flow Chart
A flow chart is defined as a pictorial representation describing a process being
studied or even used to plan stages of a project. Flow charts tend to provide
people with a common language or reference point when dealing with a
project or process.
A flowchart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control, which also
includes the histogram, Pareto chart, check sheet, control chart, cause-and-
effect diagram, and scatter diagram (see Quality Management Glossary). They
are commonly used in business/economic presentations to help the audience
visualize the content better, or to find flaws in the process.
Flow chart for Login Screen
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START
Enter User
And Password
Verify from
Database
Is
Correct
?
Allow Permission as per
access
STOP
Print bad Username
and
Password
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External Input
Database Input
Message DisplayLogin
Screen
User Name
PWD
Next pageoutput
Table Output
Data Flow Diagrams
Administrator Module
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Not Correct
Try Again
Displa
y View
Correct
View
Project
s
Conducts
Tests Assign
Tests
Input
InputInput
OutputOutputOutput
Maintains
Results
Output
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External Input
Database Input
Table Display
Message
DisplayStudent
Exam
Result
Display
Next PageDisplay
Display
Student module
Student Exam
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External Input
Database Input
Table Display
Message
Display
Student
User Name
PWD Display
Display
Next PageDisplay
Display
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UML Diagrams
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for specifying,
visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems,
as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. The UML
represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven
successful in the modeling of large and complex systems. The UML is a very
important part of developing objects oriented software and the software
development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations to expressthe design of software projects. Using the UML helps project teams
communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural design
of the software.
Use Case Diagram
Displays the relationship among actors and use cases. A use case is a set of
scenarios that describing an interaction between a user and a system. A use
case diagram displays the relationship among actors and use cases. The two
main components of a use case diagram are use cases and actors.
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Administrator Usecase Diagram
Student Usecase Diagram
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Login
Administrator
Maintains Test
Details
Assigns Test to
Students
Maintain Student
Reports
Conduct tests to
Students
Login
Student
Writes Tests
View Result
View Details (checklist)
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Class Diagram
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4. SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Basic Modules
This Project contains totally 2 modules.
1. Administrator Module
2. Student Module
1.Administrator Module
This Administrator Module is further divided into another sub modules
as follows.
Maintaining Tests Details
Registering Students
Assigning Tests to Students
Conducting Tests to Students
Maintaining Reports
Maintaining TestDetails
In this module every tests details are maintained. Like inserting
subject details, Editing and deleting about all Test Details. Creating
Tests based on Subjects. For each test inserting relevant Questions
comes under this module
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Registering Students
In this module administrator will register the students who wish to write
exams online. Admin will maintain student details and he will store them in
database. According to his areas of interest exam will be conducted to the
student on a particular date and time.
Assigning Tests to Students
In this module, to the students who wish to write an exam Online are assigned
by the administrator. Depending upon the Skill set of the Student the test was
assigned or depending upon the area of interest of the Student the test was
assigned.
Conducting Tests to Students
This is the main module in the whole project, why because here only the test
will be conducted to the Student. In between a particular period of time the
test will be conducted why because this is an ONLINE Test. This should be
conducted within time.
Maintaining Reports
In this module administrator will maintain reports of the Students. He will
maintain individually or wholly. He can view a single student record or he can
view multiple students records. These reports tell the status of Students
results. So whenever the Student want to check their results they can check.
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2.Student Details
In this student module, we will discuss about the Students Details.
Student has other sub modules. They are:
Login
Write Exam
View Result
Login
Student will be given a UserName and Password to Login into the exam and to
write the test. As a identification is needed for every one to write the exam, id
and password will be issued.
Write Exam
Student will write the exam after logging into the Test. One by one Questions
will be displayed. No negative marking is there. Student has to write each and
every Question. He will be issued mark for each and every question. He has to
answer all Questions. NO Question should be skipped.
View Result
After writing exam student can view the result immediately. He can view
immediately or he can view after some days. Because Reports will be
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maintained by the student for ever so that a student can check his result at any
time.
4.3 Security Issues
The Online Test Center deals with a lot of proprietary information for
its Students, which are confidential. It is therefore imperative to
provide a means though which information can be kept confidential.
This is also ensures that the data that is put into the system maintains
its integrity because malicious or unauthorized individual will not have
access to alter them. The security is at administrative level at the data
maintenances.
4.4 Test Cases Design
Test Type: Login Testing
Test Case: Accept the user information and check whether he is a
authenticated user or not
Excepted Result:Navigates to the Login Page
Observed Result: Displays the Home
Test Type: Validation Testing
Test Case: Test the status of the project based on checklist id
Excepted Result: Data manipulation in database
Observed Result: Done button on the webpage
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5. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
5.1 Coding Details
Welcome User Module:
Business Logic
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
publicpartialclassWelcomeUser: System.Web.UI.Page
{
publicint str1;
publicstring ExamDate;
publicstring Answer;
publicstring TestId;
publicstaticint Marks = 0;
publicstring str = "";
protectedvoid Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(!IsPostBack)
{
//Marks = 0;MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex = 0;
str = Session["UserName"].ToString();
str1 = int.Parse(dbcode.GetUserId(str));
FillTest();
}
str = Session["UserName"].ToString();
str1 = int.Parse(dbcode.GetUserId(str));
ExamDate = System.DateTime.Now.ToString("MM-dd-yyyy");
}
publicvoid FillTest(){
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DataSet ds = dbcode.FillEmployeeTest(str1.ToString());
if(ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
{
ddlTest.Items.Clear();
foreach (DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
{ddlTest.Items.Add(row[0].ToString());
}
ddlTest.Items.Insert(0,"Select");
ddlTest.SelectedIndex = 0;
}
else
{
Response.Write("alert('No tests to be written')");
}
}
protectedvoid btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex = 1;
FillQuestion();
}
publicstatic int i=0;
DataSet ds;
publicvoid FillQuestion()
{
TestId = dbcode.GetTestId(ddlTest.SelectedItem.Value.ToString());
ds = dbcode.GetQuestion(TestId);
if(i
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}
FillQuestion();
rdbAnswer.ClearSelection();
TestId = dbcode.GetTestId(ddlTest.SelectedItem.Value.ToString());
string Status = "Written"; string report = "";
if(Marks >= 1)
{
report = "Qualified";
}
else
{
report = "Not Qualified";
}
if(i>=ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count){
bool b = dbcode.InsertExam(str1, TestId, Marks, report,
ExamDate, Status);
if(b == true)
{
i = 0;
Response.Write("alert('Result Inserted')");
lblTestover.Visible = true;
lnkResult.Visible = true;
}
}
}
protectedvoid lnkResult_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex = 2;
TestId = dbcode.GetTestId(ddlTest.SelectedItem.Value.ToString());
DataSet ds1 = dbcode.GetResult(str1.ToString(), TestId);
GridView1.DataSource = ds1.Tables[0];
GridView1.DataBind();
}}
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User Interface Logic
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5.2 Testing Approach
Software Testing Techniques:
Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and
represents the ultimate review of specification, designing and coding.
Test Case Design:
Any engineering product can be tested in one of two ways:
White Box Testing:
This testing is also called as glass box testing. In this testing, by
knowing the specified function that a product has been designed to
perform test can be conducted that demonstrates each function is fully
operation at the same time searching for errors in each function. It is a
test case design method that uses the control structure of the procedural
design to derive test cases. Basis path testing is a white box testing.
Black Box Testing:
In this testing by knowing the internal operation of a product, tests can
be conducted to ensure that all gears mesh, that is the internal
operation performs according to specification and all internal
components have been adequately exercised. It fundamentally focuses
on the functional requirements of the software.
The steps involved in black box test case design are:
1. Graph based testing methods
2. Equivalence partitioning
3. Boundary value analysis
4. Comparison testing
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Software Testing Strategies:
A software testing strategy provides a road map for the software developer.
Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. For this reason a template for software testing a set of steps
into which we can place specific test case design methods should be defined
for software engineering process. Any software testing strategy should have
the following characteristics:
1. Testing begins at the module level and works outward
toward the integration of the entire computer based system.
2. Different testing techniques are appropriate at different
points in time.
3. The developer of the software and an independent test
group conducts testing.
4. Testing and Debugging are different activities but
debugging must be accommodated in any testing strategy.
Unit Testing: Unit testing focuses verification efforts in smallest unit of
software design (module).
Unit test considerations
Unit test procedures
Integration Testing: Integration testing is a systematic technique for
constructing the program structure while conducting tests to uncover errorsassociated with interfacing. There are two types of integration testing:
1. Top-Down Integration: Top down integration is an incremental
approach to construction of program structures. Modules are integrated by
moving down wards throw the control hierarchy beginning with the main
control module.
2. Bottom-Up Integration: Bottom up integration as its name implies,begins construction and testing with automatic modules.
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3. Regression Testing: In this contest of an integration test strategy,
regression testing is the re execution of some subset of test that have
already been conducted to ensure that changes have not propagate
unintended side effects.
VALIDATION TESTING:
At the culmination of integration testing, software is completely
assembled as a package; interfacing errors have been uncovered and corrected,
and a final series of software tests validation testing may begin. Validation
can be fined in many ways, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds
when software functions in a manner that can be reasonably expected by the
customer.
Reasonable expectation is defined in the software requirement
specification a document that describes all user-visible attributes of the
software. The specification contains a section titled Validation Criteria.
Information contained in that section forms the basis for a validation testing
approach.
VALIDATION TEST CRITERIA:
Software validation is achieved through a series of black-box tests that
demonstrate conformity with requirement. A test plan outlines the classes of
tests to be conducted, and a test procedure defines specific test cases that will
be used in an attempt to uncover errors in conformity with requirements. Both
the plan and procedure are designed to ensure that all functional requirements
are satisfied; all performance requirements are achieved; documentation is
correct and human-engineered; and other requirements are met.
After each validation test case has been conducted, one of two
possible conditions exist: (1) The function or performance characteristics
conform to specification and are accepted, or (2) a deviation from
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specification is uncovered and a deficiency list is created. Deviation or error
discovered at this stage in a project can rarely be corrected prior to scheduled
completion. It is often necessary to negotiate with the customer to establish a
method for resolving deficiencies.
Alpha and Beta Testing:
It is virtually impossible for a software developer to foresee how the customer
will really use a program. Instructions for use may be misinterpreted; strange
combination of data may be regularly used; and output that seemed clear to the
tester may be unintelligible to a user in the field.
When custom software is built for one customer, a series of acceptance tests
are conducted to enable the customer to validate all requirements. Conducted
by the end user rather than the system developer, an acceptance test can range
from an informal test drive to a planned and systematically executed series
of tests. In fact, acceptance testing can be conducted over a period of weeks or
months, thereby uncovering cumulative errors that might degrade the system
over time.
If software is developed as a product to be used by many customers, it is
impractical to perform formal acceptance tests with each one. Most software
product builders use a process called alpha and beta testing to uncover errors
that only the end user seems able to find.
A customer conducts the alpha test at the developers site. The software is
used in a natural setting with the developer looking over the shoulder of the
user and recording errors and usage problems. Alpha tests are conducted in
controlled environment.
The beta test is conducted at one or more customer sites by the end user of the
software. Unlike alpha testing, the developer is generally not present.
Therefore, the beta test is a live application of the software in an
environment that cannot be controlled by the developer. The customer records
all problems that are encountered during beta testing and reports these to the
developer at regular intervals. As a result of problems reported during bets
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test, the software developer makes modification and then prepares for release
of the software product to the entire customer base.
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6. CONCLUSIONS
The project titled as Online Test Center was deeply studied and analyzed to
design the code and implement with various testing methods was done under
the guidance of the experienced project guide. The solution developed is free
from all the bugs and executable with all different modules to the utmost
satisfaction of the client. All the current requirements and possibilities have
been taken care during the project time. We feel that the solution provided
now will suit to all the needs of various clients in the same industry but also
we dont rule the possibilities of further upgrading of this solution with the
new and advance technologies and further additional requirements of the
clients.
The documentation and the project report is finally prepared to be referred as
user manual for further effective results of this software solution
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6.1 Future Scope of the Project:
This project Online Test Center gives scope for further enhancement. To
this project some features can be added like maintaining Student Details and
negative marking in Online Exams.
6.2 References:
Visual Basic 2005 for Beginners -------- IVAN BAYROSS
SHARANAM SHAH
Software Engineering
-----Roger S.Pressman
An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering
----Pankaj Jalote
An introduction to Database Systems
----C.J.Date
Database System Concepts
---- Henry F.Korth
----Abraham Silberscatz
System Analysis and Design
----I.T.Hawryszkiewycz