Online monitoring of Water distribution

networksPrepared by

Patel Jigar RatilalU10CEoo5

Civil Engineering Dept.

overviewIntroduction

Need of studyPurpose of studyMonitoring Parameters

InstallationMonitoring location

Sensors using in monitoringOutput from sensorsConclusion

Introduction

Online water monitoring, sometimes referred to as real-time monitoring.

It is defined as the collection and analysisOf data which is transmitted from sensorsIn the water network to a central system

It integrates the transmission and analysisof data from sensors and loggers to - central network location

NEED OF STUDY The challenges that municipalities face today is to provide 24hrs safe water to the consumers ,also almost all water distribution networks are ever expanding and they are very complex At the same time protecting public healthIs a key responsibility of all the municipal –corporations and to achieve that it requires quick identification of contamination.

Thus, improved monitoring of water distribution networks will enable utilities to reduce losses of water and energy, gain -operational efficiency, optimize supply, and enhance network planning

PURPOSE OF STUDY online monitoring networks bear the potential to make networks more efficient by reducing water loss, maintenance costs and repair costs. It increases the quality of the supplied water. By having reliable and consistent -visibility onto water distribution networks and handling issues early, reduce water loss.

some benefits of monitoring water distribution network

(1) Water savings (2) Energy savings (3) operational network visibility (4) Damage prevention (5) Early detection of network inefficiencies and quality issues

MONITORING PARAMETERS

The distribution system monitoring program must include parameters that will fulfill regulatory requirements and provide the municipality with an understanding of what is affecting the water quality within thedistribution system.

The key parameters that are commonly considered to be indicators of water quality inTerms of public health are:

(1) Chlorine residual(2) E-coli(3) Disinfection by-products

Useful parameters (1) ammonia,nitrate,nitrite(2) turbidity(3) flow(4) pressure(5) temperature(6) pH(7) alkalinity(8) colour(9) fluoride etc.

Installation Online monitoring sensors is placed perpendicular to flow. Either tee section or small opening is provided in the pipe. Sensors comes with holder of the same size as that of tee section or it is welded at the opening.

sensor attached to a gate valve

MONITORING LOCATION When developing a monitoring program, the locations at which various parameters are monitored should be based on regulatory requirements, historical data, distribution system characteristics, population or consumer distribution and operational requirements.

It is important to evaluate the historical data, distribution system characteristics, and operational requirements to establish the appropriate monitoring locations.

Monitoring locations should include high risk areas that have sensitive facilities, such as hospitals, due to their sensitivity to public health. Municipalities may also want to monitor certain parameters to meet their industrial consumer’s needs, such as high tech or food producing companies

SENSORS USEING IN MONITORING

(1) Hydrophone(2) Pressure transducer(3)pH measurement loop(4) Turbidity sensor.

Output from sensorsThe output displays various water quality parameters value at predefined intervals as shown in the figure. Depending upon output values various decision making processes are carried out.

Outcomes Using conventional sampling technique if any fault is detected, it is first sent to the laboratory, various tests are carried out and decision is made there after. the time taken during this process is nearly 20 to 72 hrs. In case of online monitoring the detection of the problems involves no manual processes and the problem is attended within 2 to 18 hrs. Efficiency is increased. 

Conclusion Online monitors have clear advantages over conventional monitoring techniques. Online monitors can help mitigate the risk of water quality deterioration in the distribution system by providing municipality with timely information on the parameters being monitored. They can increase consumer confidence by providing realtime,continuous monitoring results. They provide monitoring results 24hrs per day, of all365 days of year.

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