Ontario DLI Training

April 12, 2005

Jillian Oderkirk and

Shelley Crego

Data availabilityData availability

Police dataPolice data Criminal Courts (adult and youth) dataCriminal Courts (adult and youth) data Corrections (adult and youth) dataCorrections (adult and youth) data Family lawFamily law VictimizationVictimization

Police dataPolice data

Aggregate Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) SurveyAggregate Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey Revised Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR2) SurveyRevised Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR2) Survey Homicide SurveyHomicide Survey Police Administration SurveyPolice Administration Survey

Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)

Violent, property, drugs & other criminal code crime data Violent, property, drugs & other criminal code crime data (UCR) by police force, 1977-2003(UCR) by police force, 1977-2003

Incident-based data (UCR2) including: age & gender of Incident-based data (UCR2) including: age & gender of victims & offenders, victim-accused relationships, level of victims & offenders, victim-accused relationships, level of injury, weapons involved and location of incidentinjury, weapons involved and location of incident

Organized crime, gang activity, hate-motivated crimes, Organized crime, gang activity, hate-motivated crimes, cyber crime and geocoded data will be collected on cyber crime and geocoded data will be collected on UCR2 beginning in January 2005UCR2 beginning in January 2005

continued …

Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)

CoverageCoverage UCR coverage is 100%UCR coverage is 100% UCR2 coverage in 2004-05 is over 60% of the national volume UCR2 coverage in 2004-05 is over 60% of the national volume

of crime – RCMP implementation will bring national coverage to of crime – RCMP implementation will bring national coverage to 90% for Crime statistics in 200690% for Crime statistics in 2006

Next release: Next release: Canadian Crime Statistics, 2004Canadian Crime Statistics, 2004 scheduled scheduled for July 21, 2005for July 21, 2005

Homicide SurveyHomicide Survey

Homicide Survey (1961-2003)Homicide Survey (1961-2003) coverage is 100%coverage is 100% provides data such as methods, characteristics of incidents, age provides data such as methods, characteristics of incidents, age

& gender of victims & accused, relationships between victim & & gender of victims & accused, relationships between victim & accused, gang killings and alcohol/drug involvementaccused, gang killings and alcohol/drug involvement

NewNew questions added: “was the firearm recovered”, “was questions added: “was the firearm recovered”, “was the victim pregnant”, we have added the distinction the victim pregnant”, we have added the distinction between being separated from a “legally-married between being separated from a “legally-married spouse” and separated from a “common-law partner” spouse” and separated from a “common-law partner”

Next release: Next release: Homicide, 2004Homicide, 2004 scheduled for Fall 2005 scheduled for Fall 2005 (revised questions will be available for 2005 Homicide (revised questions will be available for 2005 Homicide data release in 2006)data release in 2006)

Police Resources SurveyPolice Resources Survey

Police Resources Survey (1962-2003)Police Resources Survey (1962-2003) coverage is 100%coverage is 100% collects summary data on # of police officers, clearances rates, collects summary data on # of police officers, clearances rates,

expenditure data, police to population ratios and gender expenditure data, police to population ratios and gender breakdownsbreakdowns

Next release: Next release: Police Resources in Canada, 2005Police Resources in Canada, 2005 scheduled for December 2005 scheduled for December 2005

Adult Criminal & Youth Court SurveysAdult Criminal & Youth Court Surveys

Adult Court Survey (ACCS) Adult Court Survey (ACCS) coverage 90% (missing Manitoba, NWT, NT and Quebec municipal coverage 90% (missing Manitoba, NWT, NT and Quebec municipal

courts)courts) collects case characteristics and caseload data relating to collects case characteristics and caseload data relating to

dispositions of criminal casesdispositions of criminal cases next release: Fall of 2005-06next release: Fall of 2005-06

Youth Court Survey (YCS)Youth Court Survey (YCS) coverage 100%coverage 100% collects information on Criminal Code and federal statute charges, collects information on Criminal Code and federal statute charges,

and caseload and case characteristicsand caseload and case characteristics NewNew Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS) will allow a Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS) will allow a

historical time series allowing pre- and post-sentence historical time series allowing pre- and post-sentence appearances, (ex. applications for dangerous or long-term appearances, (ex. applications for dangerous or long-term offender designations and analysis of sentences associated with offender designations and analysis of sentences associated with Youth Criminal Justice Act sentences. Youth Criminal Justice Act sentences.

Correctional Services (adult and youth)Correctional Services (adult and youth)

NewNew Integrated Correctional Services Survey (ICSS) Integrated Correctional Services Survey (ICSS) Coverage – survey implementation is underway in half of all Coverage – survey implementation is underway in half of all

jurisdictions. jurisdictions. ICSS will collect micro (person-based) data on individuals under ICSS will collect micro (person-based) data on individuals under

care of Correctional Servicescare of Correctional Services longitudinal in nature – permits individuals’ history with Correctionslongitudinal in nature – permits individuals’ history with Corrections looks at recidivism, prior involvement, substance abuse, mental looks at recidivism, prior involvement, substance abuse, mental

health issues, offender risk classification and socio demographic health issues, offender risk classification and socio demographic characteristicscharacteristics

Reports – 2 analytical projects are planned, the first examining Reports – 2 analytical projects are planned, the first examining adult re-admissions (in Saskatchewan) over 5 years. The 2nd adult re-admissions (in Saskatchewan) over 5 years. The 2nd report will examine outcomes of community corrections including report will examine outcomes of community corrections including breaches of conditions and post-release re-involvement in breaches of conditions and post-release re-involvement in corrections. Possible to understand how outcomes of community corrections. Possible to understand how outcomes of community corrections compare with sentences of imprisonment.corrections compare with sentences of imprisonment.

Family and Civil Law ProgramFamily and Civil Law Program

Civil Court Survey Civil Court Survey development of an ongoing database of all family law cases in development of an ongoing database of all family law cases in

civil courts through the Civil Court Surveycivil courts through the Civil Court Survey data on family court cases will improve knowledge of custody data on family court cases will improve knowledge of custody

and access arrangements and family court processes and and access arrangements and family court processes and outcomes including implications for the children involvedoutcomes including implications for the children involved

Survey of Maintenance Enforcement ProgramsSurvey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs microdata survey will provide information on the extent to which microdata survey will provide information on the extent to which

families benefit from the programs, child support awards and families benefit from the programs, child support awards and compliance with support orderscompliance with support orders

Integration and Analysis ProgramIntegration and Analysis Program

I & A program integrates data from a variety of surveys I & A program integrates data from a variety of surveys (GSS, UCR, Homicide) then undertakes developmental (GSS, UCR, Homicide) then undertakes developmental projects projects

There are two surveys run by I&A:There are two surveys run by I&A: Transition Home SurveyTransition Home Survey - - distributed across Canada to all distributed across Canada to all

agencies that provide residential services to abused women. agencies that provide residential services to abused women. Victim Services SurveyVictim Services Survey - - to provide a profile of service to provide a profile of service agencies, including the services offered, and some insight into agencies, including the services offered, and some insight into the clients who use them. the clients who use them.

Family Violence in CanadaFamily Violence in Canada next release scheduled for July 2005 – this publication is free next release scheduled for July 2005 – this publication is free

from the Statistics Canada websitefrom the Statistics Canada website

continued …

Integration and Analysis ProgramIntegration and Analysis Program

General Social Survey (GSS)General Social Survey (GSS) high level rates of victimization high level rates of victimization public perception of criminal justice systempublic perception of criminal justice system perception of personal safetyperception of personal safety measures to secure their safetymeasures to secure their safety trends 1993, 1999 & 2004trends 1993, 1999 & 2004 next release scheduled for June 2005 (cycle 18) next release scheduled for June 2005 (cycle 18)

- DLI - Public Use Microdata files will be available DLI - Public Use Microdata files will be available - RDCs – all analytical files will be availableRDCs – all analytical files will be available

NewNew stalkingstalking social disordersocial disorder

- youths taking over abandoned buildingsyouths taking over abandoned buildings- drugsdrugs

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

Aside from all of the Beyond 20/20 data tables that are Aside from all of the Beyond 20/20 data tables that are provided to the DLI, a substantial amount of information provided to the DLI, a substantial amount of information is available for free from the Canadian Statistics portion is available for free from the Canadian Statistics portion on the STC site. As well, under Products and Services, on the STC site. As well, under Products and Services, you can find an assortment of free publications to you can find an assortment of free publications to download.download.

The Centre provides all Beyond 20/20 data tables to the The Centre provides all Beyond 20/20 data tables to the DLI on release day and the DLI in turn send out a notice DLI on release day and the DLI in turn send out a notice once its posted on the DLI serveronce its posted on the DLI server

Any questions on data or interpretations should be Any questions on data or interpretations should be directed to the Information and Client Service Unit at directed to the Information and Client Service Unit at ccjsccsj@statcan.caccjsccsj@statcan.ca or to 1-800-387-2231 or to 1-800-387-2231

Framework objectivesFramework objectives

Promote a better understanding of factors influencing Promote a better understanding of factors influencing outcomes such as crime, victimisation and re-offending, outcomes such as crime, victimisation and re-offending, and reasons for their occurrenceand reasons for their occurrence

Incorporate individual, family and community influences Incorporate individual, family and community influences and contexts which affect encounters with the justice and contexts which affect encounters with the justice systemsystem

Take into account both justice and partner system Take into account both justice and partner system interventions (education, social-welfare and health interventions (education, social-welfare and health sectors) sectors)

Provide a broad “lens” to assess priorities for information Provide a broad “lens” to assess priorities for information development to promote evidence-based policy development to promote evidence-based policy developmentdevelopment

Microdata is key to understanding system Microdata is key to understanding system interventions and outcomesinterventions and outcomes

Microdata or person-based data: Microdata or person-based data: Highlights characteristics of people in contact with the Highlights characteristics of people in contact with the

justice system (potentially significant factors)justice system (potentially significant factors)Essential for tracing people through the systemEssential for tracing people through the systemKey to understanding both outcomes and factors that Key to understanding both outcomes and factors that

might influence themmight influence themResponsive to unanticipated information needsResponsive to unanticipated information needs

Examining criminal pathways through Examining criminal pathways through administrative dataadministrative data

Individual police charge history

Individual correctional

history

Individual court

disposition history

National microdata surveys - progress National microdata surveys - progress

% National Coverage Achieved: % National Coverage Achieved: 1998 2000 Today1998 2000 TodayCrime (UCR2)Crime (UCR2) 48 48 53 61 53 61Adult Courts Adult Courts 80 80 80 90 80 90

Youth Courts Youth Courts 100 (since 1992)100 (since 1992)

Correctional ServicesCorrectional Services - - - - 6* 6*

NewNew surveys under development: surveys under development:Civil CourtsCivil CourtsMaintenanceMaintenance EnforcementEnforcement

*Corrections microdata implemented for adults in Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and *Corrections microdata implemented for adults in Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and LabradorLabrador

Applying the data frameworkApplying the data framework

Operational Plan for 2004/05 (current)Operational Plan for 2004/05 (current) Criminal career developmentCriminal career development Neighbourhood crimeNeighbourhood crime Readmission to correctional servicesReadmission to correctional services Sentencing in cases of family violenceSentencing in cases of family violence

Operational Plan for 2005/06 (proposed)Operational Plan for 2005/06 (proposed) Fear of crime, social capital and social cohesionFear of crime, social capital and social cohesion Group crime and criminal networksGroup crime and criminal networks

Project 1. Criminal career development Project 1. Criminal career development (current)(current)

Which youth persist in committing crime or progress to Which youth persist in committing crime or progress to more serious forms of offending as they age?more serious forms of offending as they age?

What factors in a young person’s background and life What factors in a young person’s background and life experience increase risk of or protect from delinquency experience increase risk of or protect from delinquency and offending?and offending?

Delinquent behaviour and its severity Delinquent behaviour and its severity increases with age for boys and girlsincreases with age for boys and girls

Data source: 1996/97 and 1998/99 NLSCY, cross-sectional samples.

49

18

19

15

40

16

16

28

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

% of males

62

22

9

7

49

27

9

16

010203040506070

Non-delinquent

Minordelinquency

Moderatedelinquency

Seriousdelinquency

14-15 years

12-13 years

% of females

Project 2. Neighbourhood crimeProject 2. Neighbourhood crime (current)(current)

How are different types of crime distributed across How are different types of crime distributed across cities?cities?

What factors are associated with neighbourhood crime?What factors are associated with neighbourhood crime? How does neighbourhood crime compare across major How does neighbourhood crime compare across major

cities?cities? Which neighbourhoods have low crime despite other risk Which neighbourhoods have low crime despite other risk

factors?factors?

The distribution of violent incidents by The distribution of violent incidents by neighbourhood, Winnipeg, 2001neighbourhood, Winnipeg, 2001

The distribution of property incidents by The distribution of property incidents by neighbourhood, Winnipeg, 2001neighbourhood, Winnipeg, 2001

Levels of Socio-economic disadvantage in Levels of Socio-economic disadvantage in neighbourhoods, Winnipeg, 2001neighbourhoods, Winnipeg, 2001

Neighbourhood characteristics and crime in Neighbourhood characteristics and crime in WinnipegWinnipeg

Factors associated with neighbourhood crimeFactors associated with neighbourhood crimeSocio-economic disadvantageSocio-economic disadvantageCondition of housingCondition of housingLand useLand use

Project 3. Readmission to correctional Project 3. Readmission to correctional services services (current)(current)

Who returns to correctional services after release? To Who returns to correctional services after release? To which programs are people returning?which programs are people returning?

Who breaches sentence conditions, probation conditions Who breaches sentence conditions, probation conditions or conditional sentences?or conditional sentences?

Are there differences by previous criminal history, Are there differences by previous criminal history, risk/needs profile, programming, or personal risk/needs profile, programming, or personal characteristics such as sex, aboriginal status or previous characteristics such as sex, aboriginal status or previous employment?employment?

Readmission to correctional services, Readmission to correctional services, Saskatchewan adultsSaskatchewan adults

Note: N= 6,385 total releases (709 Aboriginal females, 3,523 Aboriginal males, 210 non-Aboriginal females, 1,943 non-Aboriginal males)Source: Integrated Correctional Services Survey, CCJS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Months

Rea

dm

issi

on

%

c2 = 168.8588, p<0.0001

Non-Aboriginal - Female

Aboriginal - Female

Non-Aboriginal - Male

Aboriginal - Male

Readmission to correctional services, Readmission to correctional services, Saskatchewan adults - 2Saskatchewan adults - 2

Note: N = 6,388 total releases (1,852 Aboriginal 18-28; 2,383 Aboriginal >28; 785 Non-Aboriginal 18-28; 1,368 Non-Aboriginal >28); age = age at the time release (completion of all correctional supervision) prior to readmission.Source: Integrated Correctional Services Survey, CCJS

Project 4. Sentencing in cases of family Project 4. Sentencing in cases of family violence violence (current)(current)

How do police practices of zero tolerance play out in How do police practices of zero tolerance play out in terms of court sentencing?terms of court sentencing?

Does the level of injury influence the sentence and in Does the level of injury influence the sentence and in what way?what way?

How does the charge submitted to the court compare How does the charge submitted to the court compare with the original police charge?with the original police charge?

Are there systematic differences in the characteristics of Are there systematic differences in the characteristics of certain violent incidents that are more likely to result in a certain violent incidents that are more likely to result in a reduced charge?reduced charge?

How do outcomes of family violence cases processed How do outcomes of family violence cases processed through family violence courts compare with those through family violence courts compare with those processed through other provincial courts?processed through other provincial courts?

29

72

26

25

21

36

36

19

46

32

18

17

32

28

- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Total

Other violent offences

Criminal harassment

Uttering threats

Common assault

Major assault

Sexual assault

% of total cases sentenced to prison terms

Spousal violence

Non-spousal violence

Offenders convicted of most forms of spousal violence are Offenders convicted of most forms of spousal violence are less likely to receive prison than other violent offendersless likely to receive prison than other violent offenders

1. This demonstration study excludes all cases with multiple victims.Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, UCR2-ACCS Demonstration Study of 18

court locations from 1997/98 to 2001/02.

What factors increase or decrease a person’s fear of What factors increase or decrease a person’s fear of crime and perception of their own safety?crime and perception of their own safety?

What effect does the crime rate or police presence within What effect does the crime rate or police presence within a particular community have on an individual’s feelings a particular community have on an individual’s feelings of safety?of safety?

Are there other influences on fear of crime including Are there other influences on fear of crime including quality and extent of a person’s social networks?quality and extent of a person’s social networks?

Project 5. Fear of crime, social capital and Project 5. Fear of crime, social capital and social cohesion social cohesion (proposed)(proposed)

Project 6. Group crime and criminal Project 6. Group crime and criminal networks networks (proposed)(proposed)

To what extent are there criminal groups and networks To what extent are there criminal groups and networks and what are their characteristics?and what are their characteristics?

How persistent are these groups and where are they How persistent are these groups and where are they located?located?

What offences are they perpetrating?What offences are they perpetrating? How big is the problem in terms of overall crime, or How big is the problem in terms of overall crime, or

share of more serious crime?share of more serious crime?

Examples: Building onto short-term projectsExamples: Building onto short-term projects

What factors protect children and youth from developing What factors protect children and youth from developing delinquent behaviour or becoming a victim of crime? delinquent behaviour or becoming a victim of crime? Why?Why?

What neighbourhoods, whose characteristics place them What neighbourhoods, whose characteristics place them at risk, have been successful in reducing crime? Why?at risk, have been successful in reducing crime? Why?

To what extent do people released from correctional To what extent do people released from correctional services re-offend? Why?services re-offend? Why?

Examples: Exploring Examples: Exploring newnew directions directions

To what extent do partner system interventions in health, To what extent do partner system interventions in health, education and social services influence outcomes? Why?education and social services influence outcomes? Why?

What factors in individuals backgrounds and life experiences What factors in individuals backgrounds and life experiences influence the likelihood of delinquency, offending or re-influence the likelihood of delinquency, offending or re-offending? Why?offending? Why?

How strong is the relationship between literacy and offending? How strong is the relationship between literacy and offending? What other factors contribute? Why?What other factors contribute? Why?

To what extent are existing victims and offenders support, To what extent are existing victims and offenders support, rehabilitation, reintegration and prevention programs rehabilitation, reintegration and prevention programs successful in achieving their objectives? Why?successful in achieving their objectives? Why?

What is the impact of marital breakdown and subsequent What is the impact of marital breakdown and subsequent dispute resolution services on outcomes for families and dispute resolution services on outcomes for families and children? Why? children? Why?

The FutureThe Future

Good progress has been made on the development of a Good progress has been made on the development of a framework.framework.

Limits will be imposed by our collective ability to: Limits will be imposed by our collective ability to: identify priorities and opportunities identify priorities and opportunities plan them out plan them out identify funding to expand data collection and data linkage identify funding to expand data collection and data linkage develop the analytic capacity to support it alldevelop the analytic capacity to support it all