ontwerp van multimediatoepassingen – cms + metadata 1/39 rik van de wallegent, oktober 2008...
TRANSCRIPT
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
1/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Content Management Systemsand
Metadata
Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen
Rik Van de Walle
academiejaar 2008-2009
What is Content Management?
content is published into the right spot in the publishing template
entering content and metadata using an authoring template
Logo
ApplicationServer
Major Components (example: web access)
Database
AuthoringTemplates
Publishing User
InterfaceHTML Pages
Templates
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
4/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Basic CMS Features
• Access control: who is allowed to do what?• Version control: return to previously saved versions• Library
o page templateso imageso other assets
• Content repositoryo databaseso XML repository
• Publishing functionality: creates web pages (or more generally: a portal) using
o contento templates
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
5/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Prime Benefit: Efficiency
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
6/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Benefits (aka "promised benefits")
• "Single source" of content• Reusability of content• Versioning• Easier maintenance• Consistency• Easier authoring and publishing
Designing/Implementing CMS: Problems
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Workflow didn't fit my needs
Overall too complex
Didn't allow enough customization
Commercial software required too much time toimplement
Difficult to integrate with other systems
Difficult to evaluate vendors
Not flexible enough to accomodate my design
Poor process for migrating old content
Required too much customization
Commercial software too expensive
Apart from HW/SW: Other Problems
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Finding skilledprogrammers
Maintaining content
Combining contentcomponents on pages
Creating a templateddesign
Designing a workflow
Overall projectcomplexity
Structuring metadata
Determiningrequirements
Training authors andeditors
Migrating old content
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
9/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Most Popular Responses
• "No easy way to integrate controlled vocabularies"• "It should be more clear what kind of content the
system is designed to manage: documents, web content, etc."
• "Make it allow for more flexible designs"
• "Workflow didn't fit my needs"
• Diversity of responses reflects broad CMS scope
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
10/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Conclusions:Prepare Organization for CMS Complexity
• Requires coordination across diverse departments and roles, for example
o managemento IT departmento content creatorso end-users
• Requires rigorous project management
• "A CMS is probably the most complex rollout you and your IT colleagues are likely to have to manage."(Martin White, CMS Consultant and Writer)
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
11/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Conclusions:Tightly Integrate Design and Technology
• CMS configurationo technical worko often performed by information technologistso gap between technologists and (end-)users
• Yet many tasks, like creating authoring templates, require a well-designed user interface for content authors
• Hence, importance of HCI / GUIs
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
12/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Conclusions:Don't Neglect the Content
• With all the focus on design and implementation, not enough attention is given to
o content creationo content migration
• Ultimately, you are designing a system to deliver content – prioritize it appropriately!!!
• Migrating old content will always take longer than you expect
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
13/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Reusable Content Requires Standardization
• Standardize on many levels:o data formatso metadatao authoring templates / GUIso publishing templates
• May require coordination across an organization
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
14/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Start with the User Interface
• This keeps the information centered on user needs, instead of having to retrofit a user interface onto a mismatched information model
• Helps determine scope: model only the information you need in the system, and avoid an unnecessary large intellectual exercise
Feedback Loop
• In practice, there is a feedback loop between the user interface and the information model, but focusing on the user interface helps ensure the right design for the user
• You may have to consider several different UIs that share content to make sure the content is reusable
InfoType # InfoCategory InfoType O/C Type Descriptionmaxlength(in chars)
Product Overview328 Overview Product Overview 1 Text 3000
Product Details
034 Details Product Architecture 0-1 Text 3000Product Architecture Diagram 0-1 Image
Release History
049 Release History Release No 1+ Controlled, Numeric
050 Release History Release Date 1+ Date
051 Release History Product Release Name 1+ Text 50
301 Release History What's New With This Release 1 Text 1000
048 Release History Release Enhancements 1+ Text 1000
Reliabilty and Performance
119 Reliability and Performance Reliability Overview 0-1 Text 1000
121 Reliability and Performance Performance/Error Rates 0-1 Bulleted text 1000
Security
122 Security Security Features 0-1 Text 3000
123 Security Security Issues 0-1 Bulleted text 1000
Manufacturing Information
066 Manufacturing Information Manufacturing Information 1 Text 1000
Packaging032 Packaging Entitlements 0-1 Bulleted text 1000
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
16/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
PublishingTemplates
• Fewer is bettero easier maintenanceo more consistent layouto increased usability
• Example: Cisco.com has nearly one million pages with about three HTML templates
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
17/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Create Semantic Relationships
• Use metadata to describe the relationship among information types, for (a/o)
o content analysiso searchingo browsingo indexing
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
18/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Metadata Standards
• Some major activities identified:o SMEF (Standard Media Exchange Framework)o P/Meta (EBU Project group)o AAF: Advanced Authoring Formato SMPTE-UMID (Society of Motion Pictures and
Television Engineers - Unique Material Identifier)o MPEG-7 (Moving Picture Experts Group)o MPEG-21
• This list is far from complete!!!
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
19/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Why Standardized Metadata?
• Standardized metadata allows o authoring once for many destinationso metadata authoring tools that can be supplied to
many different customerso editing of metadata that has come from many
sourceso economy of scale for
• content providers• manufacturers
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
20/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Existing Metadata Technologies
• Museao AMICO (Art Museums Image Consortium)o CIDOC (International Committee for
Documentation)o ICOM (International Council of Museums)
• Archivingo OAIS (Open Archival Information System)o ISAD (International Standard Archival Description)
from ICA (International Council of Archives)o EAD (Encoded Archival Description)o IASA (International Association of Sound and
Audiovisual Archives)
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
21/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Existing Metadata Technologies
• Industry in a broad senseo extremely diverseo a lot of proprietary solutions, like
• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
• OASIS - XML.org• BizTalk
• Importance of XMLo separation between content and layouto generic markup languageo content-independento a lot of “XML tools” are already available
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
22/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Existing Metadata Technologies
• Cross-domain technologieso Resource Description Framework
• a standard way for using XML• to represent metadata• in the form of statements• about properties and relationships of items• heavily used in digital libraries
o Dublin Core (Dublin Core Metadata Element Set)• 15 element set• associated qualifiers• to facilitate discovery of resources• heavily used in digital libraries
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
23/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
EBU P/Meta
• Developed byo European Broadcasting Uniono project group P/Meta
• aims at developing common media exchange formats
o for broadcasters, publishers and archiveso liaison with (a/o) SMPTE and MPEG
• Problem: too many organizations developingo too many standardso methods and procedures
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
24/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
EBU P/Meta
• Importance to guarantee compatibility and interoperability
o AAF moves in this directiono with an overall metadata infrastructure
• No detailed, official standards for interoperable audio-visual metadata that includes and integrates
o all digital productiono distributiono archiving
• Standardization work is needed• Cooperation is needed as well...
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
25/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
TV-Anytime Forum
• "Watch what you want, when you want"
• Simpler ways for the consumer to acquireTV content on local storage
o click on EPGo trailero website
• Personalization and automatic recording
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
26/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
TVA Metadata
• Assists the consumer in selecting content• Supports creation and use of user profiles
• TVA metadata includeso programme informationo segmentation informationo related material informationo purchase informationo user profileso usage history
• TVA metadata uses a CRID to refer to content
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
27/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Content Referencing
• The CRID (Content Reference IDentifier)o allows for location independent referencing of
contento is assigned by an authority which also has the
ability to resolve the CRID to a location
• A CRID points too a single piece of contento or a series of other CRIDs
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
28/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Why is Content Referencing Needed?
• The same metadata can be used for content regardless of where and when it is broadcast
• To reference groups of programmes such as an entire series
• References can be given before time & channel has been decided
• References work even if there is a change to the scheduled transmission time
<GroupInformation GroupId="crid://hbc.com/foxes/all" GroupType="show" Ordered="true" NumberOfItems="2"> <BasicDescription> <Title type="main">All episodes of Foxes ever</Title> <Synopsis Length="short">More Foxes than you can handle</Synopsis> </BasicDescription><MemberOf>crid://hbc.com/comedy/all</MemberOf></GroupInformation>
<ProgramInformation ProgramId="crid://hbc.com/foxes/episode1"> <BasicDescription> <Title type="main"> The one where Fox jumps in the Potomac </Title> <Synopsis Length="short"> Fox goes to Washington and jumps in the Potomac </Synopsis> </BasicDescription><MemberOf>crid://hbc.com/foxes/all</MemberOf></ProgramInformation>
<ProgramInformation ProgramId="crid://hbc.com/foxes/episode2"> <BasicDescription> <Title type="main"> The one where Fox drowns in the Lake of Geneva </Title> <Synopsis Length="short"> Fox goes to Geneva and tries to climb the fountain </Synopsis> </BasicDescription><MemberOf>crid://hbc.com/foxes/all</MemberOf></ProgramInformation>
CRIDCRID
CRID
Group information Program information
CRID – Grouping example
CRID – Resolution
CRIDTOP
locator
CRIDA CRIDB CRIDC
CRIDB1 CRIDB2
locator locator locator
locator
A CRID can resolve to other CRIDs
At some point, CRIDs must resolve to locations
CRIDs resolve to lists (of CRIDs or locators)
CRID – Hierarchy Example
Star Trek
Location 1
Original Series1966-1969
Voyager1995-present
Deep Space Nine1993-1999
The Next Generation1987-1994
Season 1: 1966-1967
Episode 1: "The Man Trap" …
… …
Episode 29: "Operation: Annihilate!"
… … …
Season 2: 1967-1968 Season 3: 1968-1969
…
Location 2 Location
Recording from a trailer
Recording from a Web page
Electronic Programme Guide
Creating EPGs with data from many sources
Detailed programme information
Grouping
Searching for interesting programs
Search for interesting content without knowing where or when it will be broadcast
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
38/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
TVA – Industry Adoption
• Transport mechanisms for TVAF data have been incorporated into DVB specifications
• ARIB has adopted TVAF (Japan – Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
• ATSC has selected TVAF metadata (US – Advanced TV Systems Committee)
• IPTC has (International Press Telecommunications Council)
o produced ProgramGuideMLo adopted TVAF metadata
• EBU P/Meta is TVA compatible, using many common elements (Europe)
• Companies in US, Europe, and Asia are developing TVA-compatible products
Ont
wer
p va
n M
ultim
edia
toep
assi
ngen
– C
MS
+ m
etad
ata
39/39
Rik
Van
de
Wal
leG
ent,
okto
ber
2008
Sources
• The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Content Management Systems
Victor Lombardi
• Introducing TV Anytime Phase 1Ronald Tol
• The MPEG consortium (and its members)