oocyte donation: controversial issues in clinical practice

1Upcoming challenges, Leiderdorp, 04.10.2013

Oocyte donation: controversial issues in clinical practice.

Results in a program of reciprocal donation.

Henk RuisMD, Obst & Gyn, PhD, CEO Stg Geertgen

Behandelcentum Stg Geertgen, Elsendorp

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Conflict of interest: none

Upcoming challenges, Leiderdorp, 04.10.2013

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Framework for gamete donation


EU Tissue Directive2004/23/ECTechnical directives

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=7nB1wYDpAvIYqM&tbnid=jX5fANkZl2idDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aabb.org/resources/governmentregulatory/ct/international/Pages/european-union.aspx&ei=XrJKUvXXD4Wq0QXtp4H4BQ&psig=AFQjCNF71X-TiBXFx8LtCcLjginsi6MBDg&ust=1380713293300456

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EU Tissue Directive

Landelijke richtlijnEmbryo ActDutch Donor Registration Act


http://www.nvog.nl/home.aspx

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EU Tissue Directive

Landelijke richtlijnEmbryo ActDutch Donor Registration Act


http://www.nvog.nl/home.aspx

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Types of gamete donation

• Altruistic donation• Donation with payment to donor• Sharing• Reciprocal donation – ‘wederkerigheid’


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Reciprocity – wederkerigheid

• Reciprocity refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions

• Wederkerigheid is de onderlinge verplichting binnen een relatie om een gift te beantwoorden met een tegengift

• Cooperative reciprocal tendencies i.e. inclinations to give back in a cooperative manner, are called positive reciprocity.


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Solidarity Vertical

Health Insurance system in Netherlands• State controled mandatory health insurance• ‘General Law on Exceptional Healthcare Costs’• Premiums may not be related to health status or age• Risk equalisation with a common risk pool.


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Reciprocity A form of horizontal solidarity

Local Exchange Trading System – LETS

• Is a locally initiated, democratically organised, not-for-profit community enterprise that provides a community information service and record transactions of members exchanging goods and services by using the currency of locally created LETS Credits.

• For instance, a member may earn credit by doing childcare for one person and spend it later on carpentry with another person in the same network.


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Donation of gametes

• No provisions for donation of gametes by government

• Historicaly shortage of donors and donor material• At time of change from A to B donors: Minister of

Health promised to facilitate the recruitment of donors

• Limited to production of 2 information flyers : one for donors and one for recipients


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Donation of gametes

Donor recruitment

private initiative is necessary


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Donation of gametesReciprocity system

One patient is in need of donor sperm Other patient is in need of donor oocytes

Reciprocity system - ‘wederkerigheid’


Bank

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Donation of gametes:Is there a need?

The primary recipients of donor sperm are

• heterosexual couples suffering from severe male infertility

• lesbian couples• single women


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The primary recipients of donor sperm at Stg Geertgen are

• heterosexual couples suffering from severe male infertility - 1/3

• lesbian couples - 1/3• single women - 1/3

For use in IUI or IVF/ICSI


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Donation of gametesSperm donation at Stg Geertgen

• 30% of patients bring own sperm donor• 30% of patients use sperm from Stg Geertgen

altruistic sperm donor bank• 20% of patients use sperm from external donor bank• 20% participate in reciprocity system


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The primary recipients of oocyte donation at Stg Geertgen are

• Patients suffering from severe female infertilityeg. POF, genetic indication

• Intra-relational donation - lesbian couples

For use in IVF/ICSI


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Donation of gametesOocyte donation at Stg Geertgen

• 50% of patients bring own oocyte donor• 50% by reciprocity system


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Donation of gametes: Sperm - oocytes

Stg Geertgen in 2012

Only 30% of need for donor semen is fullfilled by reciprocity

Sperm donor from bank is a realistic option

More requests for oocytes through reciprocity than offered

Donor oocytes from bank is currently not a real option


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Donation of gametes

• Free choice to become a donor• Counseling by fertility specialist – risks of treatment

• Counseling by fertility psychologist– implications of donation – B donor – psychosocial stability

• Donor participating in reciprocity: extra counseling• Sign inform consent


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Donation of gametes

• Maximum age =– 37 years– ±50 years

• Psychosocial stable person• Serological tests ok• Genetics ok• Healthy life style ok


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Donation of gametes: is there a need? Results with natural cycle Donor IUI



Donor IUI 2012 Donor IUI 2013 (1-5)

Number of cycles 2257 785

Pregnant per cycle 227 10,1% 82 10,3%

Ongoing pregnancy rate per cycle 157 6,9% 65/695 9,4%

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Donation of gametes: is there a need? Results with Donor oocytes - freeze/thaw of embryos



Number of cycles

Number of

patients

Number of embryos thawed % Survival

Mean numebr of embryos per

thawingNumber of transfers

Mean number of embryos per

ET

% Clinical pregnancy rate

per transferMiscarriage

rate

Stg Geertgen 238 123 301 235 78,1% 1,1 (1-4) 209 1,1 (1-2)25

11,9% 30,6%

Landelijke registratie 7513

112415% 32,6%

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Reciprocity


Not a free system. Voluntary and informed choice

All information concerning reciprocity is published on website and in brochure

Stg Geertgen is open and clear about the reciprocity system

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Reciprocity


Reciprocity is undermining national (vertical) solidarity system of health care.

“Het systeem van ‘faire wederkerigheid’ ….. . Als het echter gaat om het doneren van geslachtscellen lijkt de rol van de overheid eerder beperkend dan stimulerend.” Minister van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, mw. drs. E.I. Schippers 11.07.2013

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Reciprocity


Recipient is pregnant, but donor is not.

This is of course possible, this issue is discussed in detail during cousneling sessions with psychologist and fertility specialist. If issue is not accepted by patient, treatment will not commence.Stg Geertgen 2012 - 2013• 10 donors are not pregnant but are

still undergoing treatment• 2 stopped treatment • 1 couple received oocytes resulting in

pregnancy but partner semen was never donated to bank

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Reciprocity

• No need for fertility tourism• Reduce time ‘start to treat’ (<3 months)• ‘Matching’ of donor and recipient is possible• Outcomes are good• Patient is in charge of treatment• Accepted by society• Acceptance by professional body is growing


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Reciprocity

• Number of patients that will enrole in reciprocity donation system is limited

• Banking of donor oocytes by vitrification will change strategy

• Use of vitrified oocytes from ‘donor oocyte bank’ will result in less oocytes necessary per recipient

• Cost reduction through ‘donor oocyte bank’• Follow up of children and families in reciprocal donation

program is mandatory


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Teamwork Behandelcentrum Stg Geertgen

Pater Rossaertstraat 3 - 5424 TG Elsendorp

Directie- Henk Ruis - algemeen directeur- Han Michgelsen - medisch directeur- Erik Unterhorst - directeur laboratorium- Bas Ruis - directeur beheer

Gynaecologen- Carola Backx- Eric Mendels - Han Michgelsen - Henk Ruis

Fertiliteitsartsen- Daniëlle Bax- Marieke van den Broek- Frank van Heerebeek- Mathilde Kuijpers- Dolf Wissmann

Psychologen- Martje Ubbens- Marloes Verhulst- Judith Zegers

Gespecialiseerd verpleegkundigen- Corine Aldenzee- Veronique de Brouwer- Judith Dongelmans - Kristel van Lieverloo- Marie-Louise van de Loo- Dorien Philipsen- Jeanne van Santvoort- Simone Verboven- Tiny Wagemaker- Brigitte van den Woldenberg- Brigitte Zimmerman

Secretariaat- Ad de Beer- Anky Buijs- Anja Hezemans- Susan Hoevenaars- Lia Scheltenaar- Gerda Schrauwen

Medisch receptionistes- Karin van Dommelen- Judith Drouen- Hilke van Duijnhoven- Hilde van Heck- Rodette Janssen- Karin Leenders- Astrid Michiels- Marianne Peeters- Stefanie Sam- Ine Schepers- Judith de Visser

Sr Klinisch embryologen- Erik Unterhorst- Martine Nijs

Andrologie Analisten - Marianne Huijbers- Linsey van Lieverloo- Rita Martens- Roger van de Wetering- Peter Wiering

IVF-analisten- Dorien van der Heijden- Corlinda Martens- Marleen Sevenster


Donorenbegeleiding- Dirk van Bragt- Bauke Geeris

Doktersassistentes- Suzan Klomp- Monica van Os

Apotheker- Pieter Weerts

Apothekersassistentes- Petra Coopmans- Thea Muijsers- Annette Roelands- Antonie van de Ven- Heidi Vereijken Facilitair medewerksters- Joke Bekx- Tini van Berlo- Thea van der Cruijsen- Karin Sterken - Stella van Tilborg- Ingrid Verwegen

Kwaliteitsmedewerkers- Sharon de Bruin - Anneke van Dommelen - Frenk Habraken - concierge - Martine Nijs - wetenschappelijk adviseur- Janine Ruis - juridisch medewerker- Marcel Ruis- human resources manager- Tina Ruis – patientenbegeleiding - donatie

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Thank you!


oocyte donation: controversial issues in clinical practice

Documents

recipients upcoming

necessary upcoming challenges

need of donor sperm

oocyte donation

program of reciprocal

positive reciprocity

bankdonation of gametes

heterosexual couples