open annotation: social bookmarking and annotation of ebooks

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Open Annotation Overview Frankfurt Germany, 10 th of October 2011 1 Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory Todd Carpenter National Information Standards Organization Peter Brantley Internet Archive http://www.openannotation.org/ This research is funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

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Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks. Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory Todd Carpenter National Information Standards Organization Peter Brantley - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks

Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011

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Open Annotation:Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks

Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory

Todd Carpenter National Information Standards Organization

Peter Brantley Internet Archive

http://www.openannotation.org/

This research is funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

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Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011

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Overview

• Introduction

• Open Annotation Model• Basics• Segments

• Publish/Subscribe Model

• Appendix: FAQ

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Open Annotation Collaboration

• Focus on interoperable sharing of annotations:• Web-centric and open, not application specific silos• Create, consume and interact in different environments• Build from a simple model for simple cases,

to more detailed for complex requirements

• Need for standards across platforms: • Many people will want to share annotations and highlights• Even if a reader doesn’t share her annotations with others,

she will want to access them from different reading apps

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Basic Model

The basic model has three resources:• Annotation (an RDF document)• Body (the ‘comment’ of the annotation)• Target (the resource the Body is ‘about’)

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Basic Model Example

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Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011

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Segments of Resources

Most annotations are about part of a resource

Different segments for different media types:

• Text: paragraph, arbitrary span of words• Image: rectangular or arbitrary shaped area• Audio: start and end time points, track name/number• Video: area and time points• Other: slice of a data set, volume in a 3d object, …

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Segments of Resources

Web Architecture Segmentation:

• A URI with a Fragment identifies part of the resource:• IETF Mime-type fragment identifiers; eg xpointer • W3C Media Fragments URI specification for simple

segments of media: image, audio, video

OAC introduces a method of constraining resources:

• Introduce an approach for arbitrarily complex segments• Can be applied to Body or Target resource

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Complex Constraints

Fragments are often not possible:• Introduce a Constraint that describes the segment of interest• And a ConstrainedTarget that identifies the segment of interest• Constraints are resources, so can be expressive and detailed

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Constraint Example

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Annotation Protocols

Protocol: publish, subscribe, consume tied together

Unlike previous systems, Open Annotation does not mandate a protocol.

No reliance on a client/server combination gives the client autonomy to use different services as appropriate.

Instead we promote a publish/subscribe methodology, where annotations may be stored and consumed from anywhere.

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Publish/Subscribe Method

publish

We don’t specify how this transfer should occur

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publish subscribe

Publish/Subscribe Method

Nor this.

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publish subscribe consume

Publish/Subscribe Method

Nor this.

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Publish/Subscribe Advantages

• Client can use most appropriate method for transferring annotation to storage service• May already be mandated in different domains• Can use existing services without requiring them to change

• Annotations are web resources in their own right• Can be protected for restricted access using existing technology• Have their own URIs for identity

• Promotes a market-place of services, such as:• Archiving Annotations and resources for preservation• Enriching with additional metadata and information• Spam detection and filtering to provide trusted annotation feeds

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OAC for eBooks: Open Questions

• Need to have robust mechanism for determining the segment of interest:• Could be part of an image• Could be part of stable layout text• Could be part of reflowable text• Distrust of quoting passages: enough annotations and entire text

is unprotected• Distrust of offsets: change in the text and Constraint will describe

the wrong segment

• Motivating public, rather than private, annotations is important• … As is filtering spam!

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http://www.openannotation.org/

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FAQ

• Surely there's more to the model?• What about creator, modification time and so on?• I want to comment on an Annotation?• I want to annotate multiple parts at once?• How can the comment be part of the Annotation?• You mentioned URI Fragments?• How can my comment be part of another resource?

• I want to use quoted passages, but not still protect the quotes?• I want to use character offsets, but know if the segment has changed?• What about highlighting with no comment?• What about different colors and styles of highlight?• What about just marking a location, like a bookmark?

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What about Creator, Modification Time?

Any of the resources can have additional information attached, such as creator, date of creation, title, etc.

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Additional Properties Example

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I Want to Comment on an Annotation?

There can be further typing of the Annotation to clarify purpose. Example: Replies are Annotations on Annotations.

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Annotation Types Example

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I Want to Annotate Multiple Parts at Once?

Many use cases for multiple targets for a single Annotation:• Comparison of two or more resources• Making a statement that applies to all of the resources• Making a statement about multiple parts of a resource

Enabled by allowing more than one hasTarget relationship.

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Multiple Targets Example

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How can the Comment be part of the Annotation?

Content may be contained within the Annotation document:

• Important for client autonomy• Clients may be unable to mint new URIs for every resource• Clients may wish to transmit only a single document• Third parties can generate new URIs if the client does not

The W3C has a Content in RDF specification:• http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF10/

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Inline Body

• Introduce a resource identified by a non resolvable URI (such as a UUID URN) as the Body.

• Embed the data within the Annotation document using 'chars’ from Content in RDF.

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Inline Body Example

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You Mentioned URI Fragments?

URI Fragments are a syntax for creating subsidiary URIs that identify part of the main resource

The syntax is defined per media type:

• X/HTML: The named anchor or identified element

• XML: An XPointer to the element(s)

• PDF: Many options, especially page and viewrect

• Plain Text: Either by character position or line position

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Segments of Resources: W3C Media Fragments

Media Fragments allow anyone to create URIs that identify part of an image, audio or video resource.

The most common case is for rectangular areas of images:• http://www.example.org/image.jpg#xywh=50,100,640,480

Link to the full resource as well, for all Fragment URIs

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Media Fragments Example

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How can my Comment be Part of another Resource?

The Body may also be constrained in the same way as Targets.

(the most complicated OAC data model diagram)

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Constrained Body Example

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I Want to use Quoted Passages, but Protect the Text?

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I Want to use Offsets, but Know if the Text has Changed?

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What about Highlighting with No Comment?

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What about Highlighting with different Colors?

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What about just Bookmarking a Location?