http://openp2pdesign.org

Open P2P DesignA Metadesign methodology for Open Design Projects

Massimo Menichinelli

February 1st 2010Institute for Advanced Architecture of Cataloniahttp://www.iaac.net/

01.Open P2P Design and openp2pdesign.org: where do they come from?

Where do openp2pdesign.org and Open P2P Design come from?

* March 2005* a young student started his master degree thesis in

industrial design (actually it became service design soon) * Design researchers were studying Design+Locality:

* Spark! Design and Locality (Europe) http://www2.uiah.fi/virtu/spark/index.html

* Me.Design (Italy)http://www.sistemadesignitalia.it/sdi/ricerche/medesign/index.php

--> How can we design projects for a locality and its community?

--> How can we enable the participation of a community in the design process?

Free Software/Open Source and P2P were just breaking into other disciplines...

* Open Source Everywherehttp://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html

* Open Publishing* Open Content* Open Biotechnology* Open Source Religion* Open Cola / Open Beer* Open Design* (...and more coming later)

Fre Software, Open Source and P2P as promising way to organise communities

Source: http://www.thinkcycle.org

Designing Open Collaborative projects: Thinkcyclehttp://www.thinkcycle.org (now closed)http://web.media.mit.edu/~nitin/thesis/

This is... Open Design!

Source: http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/

Facilitating a P2P system: Open Health by RED (British Design Council)http://www.designcouncil.info/mt/RED/

This is... P2P Service Design!

April 2006, Master Degree Thesis:

Reti Collaborative.Il design per una auto-organizzazione Open Peer-to-Peer(Collaborative Networks.Design for an Open Peer-to-Peer self-organization)

Tutor: Ezio ManziniPolitecnico di Milano, Faculty of Design

You can download it here:http://www.openp2pdesign.org/blog/texts

02.Open P2P Design: enabling Open Systems

What is Open P2P Design?

Open Design (design of an open project) +P2P Design (design of a peer-to-peer system)=the co-design of Open P2P social systems

A promising way to design with/for a Community and its Locality

Why Open / P2P forms are promising?

* Open Source is based on Communities* Communities are Complex Systems* Bazaar style enables parallel projects, then evolution, self-

organization and emergence* Complex Systems can solve Complex Problems

Complex Open P2P communities could:--> solve complex problems--> design complex projects--> design complex collaborative activities

Open P2P forms as a design project and a design tool

Ko Kuwabara “Linux: A Bazaar at the Edge of Chaos”http://firstmonday.org

Open Source projects as Complex Systems?

Just look at the following pictures...

Innovation in a closed, hierarchical, proprietary, linear project

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows

In an Open P2P non-linear project

Source: http://futurist.se/gldt/

What is Open P2P Design?

Open tools +Open process=Enabling Open Systems

--> a proposal for a design methodology

Designers become then Enablers, Facilitators... of distributed creativity

What does Open P2P Design do?

an open design process +a collaborative activity self-organized by a community=an open metadesign / service design project

Design and collaborative activities

A collaborative activity: * can be designed as a service design project* should be co-designed with users (community)* it's a complex project, so we need complex processes (like

open p2p ones)* we should let it evolve and let the community modify it

Daniela Sangiorgi,Service Design + Activity Theoryhttp://www.northumbria.ac.uk/static/5007/despdf/Daniela.pdf

Where does Open P2P Design come from?

Open Source Software +Activity Theory +Service Design (+ Activity Theory) +Action Planning +Social Network Analysis +...

...and also the Source Code comes from them!

Why Open P2P Design?

* mass-collaboration/crowdsourcing/distributed creativity force a change in the role of designers

--> designers become enablers of distributed creativity

Why Open P2P Design?

* it's about mass collaboration-based or community-based activities (and Open Design is an example)

--> designers can find a role even outside design projects

Why Open P2P Design?

* communities generate innovations as the outcome of collaborative activities

--> a designer becomes an enabler of innovation and change

03.Why Open P2P Design for Open Design projects?

Where should we use Open P2P Design?

* works well where there are active participants

* within an organization (community, enterprise, public institution), for its own processes

--> Open Innovation, Enterprise 2.0, Open Government, …

* when an organization (community, enterprise, public institution) enables another one

--> Open Marketplaces, Open Innovation, Enterprise 2.0, Open Government, …

* for community-based services / businesses

* for Open Design projects

What is Open Design?

a project published with a license that facilitates its sharing and that can be “compiled” or “manufactured” locally * sharing* collaboration* open licenses* code --> artifact

Open Design refers to every kind of design projects that can be shared in a digital format over a network

What kind of open design projects?

Open Web Design repositories:http://www.openwebdesign.org/http://www.oswd.org/http://osdnetwork.org/http://www.opendesigns.org/

And all the open source software themes, templates,Frameworks, libraries...

It's Open Web Design! GPL, LGPL, CC, ...

What kind of open design projects?

Open Fonts libraries:http://www.theleagueofmoveabletype.com/http://openfontlibrary.fontly.org/http://openfontlibrary.org/http://www.typeforge.net

(Free as in Free Beer, and sometimes Free Speech)http://www.fontsquirrel.com/

It's Open Font Design!http://scripts.sil.org/OFL

What kind of open design projects?

Open Processing sketches repository:http://www.openprocessing.org/...

And all the projects that uses Arduino or Processing and are released under an open license:http://harkopen.com/projects...

It's Open Interaction Design! GPL, LGPL, CC, ...

What kind of open design projects?

Open Architecture for markets:http://architecture.mit.edu/house_n/projects.htmlhttp://www.openprototype.com

Open Architecture for Humanityhttp://openarchitecturenetwork.org/http://os-house.org/http://www.solaroof.org/

It's Open Architecture! CC, ...

What kind of open design projects?

Open Cinema / Open Movie:http://www.elephantsdream.org/http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/http://durian.blender.org/http://www.thecosmonaut.org/http://thisoneisonus.org/...

It's Open Movie Design!

CC...and also Open Game Design!

Open Design: Ronen Kadushinhttp://www.ronen-kadushin.com/Open_Design.asp

Open Design from a single Designer

Open Design: OpenMokohttp://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org

Source: http://www.openmoko.com

Open Design from an enterprise

Source: http://www.openmoko.comIt's also Open Source Software!

Open Design: OpenMokohttp://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org

Source: http://www.openmoko.comIt's even Open Hardware!

Open Design: OpenMokohttp://www.openmoko.com / http://www.openmoko.org

Open Design: Bug Labshttp://www.buglabs.net/

Source http://www.buglabs.net/It's Open Design!It's Open Design, Hardware, Software

...and a Meta-product

Source: http://www.buglabs.net/

Open Design: Bug Labshttp://www.buglabs.net/

...and a Meta-product

It's Open Design!It's Open Design, Hardware, Software

Source: http://www.buglabs.net/

Open Design: Bug Labshttp://www.buglabs.net/

...and a Meta-product

It's Open Design!It's Open Design, Hardware, Software

So Open Design is...

* a lot of different kind of projects* in its first steps* starting from, using and including Open Source Software /

Open Hardware* working well when project and artifact are code/digital* still developing tools, business models, processes and

systems when the artifact is a physical good* limited to share a finished project rather than designing it

collaboratively right now

What is Open Design, for rival goods?

a distributed system of design & manufacturing based on: * sharing* collaboration* open licenses* open and distributed projects* open and distributed manufacturing technologies

A system of agents that:

* use* design* manufacture* market

* distribute* manage the

end-of-life* ...

Current approach to Open Design projects

* very few single designers initiatives and designers interested* recent communities (very few succesful ones)* enterprises, hackers more interested in the hardware* fabbing technologies developed by hackers

--> let people design a project and then just publish it online--> lack of new tools, processes, systems that enable

designers and users in developing open design projects

Is it just publishing a file online?

What we can still do for Open Design projects is Metadesign

Metadesign is the design of the design tools, processes and systems

* research and share design knowledge* design and share design tools* design and share design processes* facilitate design & manufacturing & end-of-life systems* facilitate the distributed creativity

For designers For users For enterprisesFor communities

Open Design actually is Metadesign

* a community is designing, not just a single designer* the process is open, and therefore out of control* the process ideally never stops

--> We need Metadesign within single Open Design projects

--> We need Metadesign for making Open Design possible

Shift of focus: from Product Design to Metadesign

Three Layers of Metadesign

* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities: co-design a collaborative activity that will actually design the goal

* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities that design tools: co-design a collaborative activity that will actually design the tools and processes for other Open Projects

* Metadesign of Collaborative Activities that design the Metadesign process: co-design a collaborative activity that will actually redesign the Metadesign process itself

(1) for Open Projects

(2) for tools for Open Processes (3) for rededesigning

itself

Sourcemap as an Open Source Metadesign example

* sharing supply chains* open source* API

--> Research--> Visualize--> Share--> Design

For Open Design we need Metadesign initiatives

Source: http://www.sourcemap.org/

Open Hardware / Fabbing as a Metadesign example

* Hardware (Arduino, ...)* Fabbing (RepRap, ...)

--> Ecosystem--> Reuse/Remix--> Share--> Design

For Open Design we need Metadesign initiatives

Source: http://www.reprap.org

How do we design such Metadesign projects?--> Open P2P Design

How do we offer them in a Strategic Design project?--> openp2pdesign.org

What is openp2pdesign.org?

It's the Strategic Design project for the development of Open P2P Design and its projects

It's not a startup (yet) but an hub in the Open Design network

So far:1 master degree thesis1 paper1 book7 workshops1 keynote speech

Next:3 books1 Open Everything event (?)1-2 open source softwares (?)More workshopsA larger network

Make Magazine as Metadesign and Strategic Design example

* Make Magazine* Maker Faire* “Makers” Book* Make: television* Make Controller Kit* Craft Magazine

--> Tools, Knowledge, and Systems for DIY--> Metadesign projects offered within a whole Strategic Design

project

For Open Design we need Strategic Design and Metadesign initiatives

04.Open P2P Design: a Metadesign methodology proposal

01. First, let's organize the design process

Design the Participation Matrix (01):* choose the steps of the design process

* analysis* concept design* project design* project communication* prototyping / testing* manufacturing / production* ...

It's a tool that we can modify!

A proposal of an Open P2P Design Participation Matrix

02. Let's analyze the Community we design with/for: Activity Analisys of the Community

Choose one main specific activity and try to define:* subject (the community we design with/for)* object (of the activity developed by the community)* rules [parte de la plataforma]* roles (division of labour) [parte de la plataforma]* artifacts (physical, immaterials, cognitives tools) [parte de la

plataforma]* larger community (with which our community interacts)* kind of participation:

* top-down* bottom-up* marketplace

* reputation levels In order to understand with whom we design with/for

03. Social Network Analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network

Social network analysis views social relationships in terms of network theory consisting of nodes and ties. Nodes are the individual actors within the networks, and ties are the relationships or flows between the actors. Social Network Analysis brings visual and mathematical tools to study very kind of relationship, being able then to discover the weak connections and the strong ones in a community.

We look for:* nodes, links* direction, weight* structure

In order to understand with whom we design with/for

03. Social Network Analysis

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network

04. Let's develop a Concept of the Collaborative Activity

Choose one main specific activity and try to define:* subject (the community we design with/for)* object (of the activity developed by the community)* rules [parte de la plataforma]* roles (division of labour) [parte de la plataforma]* artifacts (physical, immaterials, cognitives tools) [parte de la

plataforma]* larger community (with which our community interacts)* kind of participation:

* top-down* bottom-up* marketplace

* reputation levels

Design a new activity or open up a new one making it collaborative!

For Open Design, the collaborative activity is Design (+Manufacturing, Distribution, ...)

05. Let's design the System Maphttp://www.mepss.nl/index.php?p=tool&l4=W21

La Mapa del Sistema sirve para diseñar y visualizar las interacciones y los flujos entre los actores. Los elementos son

* material flows

* information flows

* financial flows

* actors* system boundary

In order to design/visualize flows between actors

05. Sytem Map

06. Let's design the Offering Maphttp://www.mepss.nl/index.php?p=tool&l4=W23http://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/38

The Offering Map is used for designing / visualizing the whole structure of the Collaborative Activity with this hierarchical structure:

* Activity* Actions* Operations

In order to design / visualize the whole Collaborative Activity where the interactions take place

06. Offering Map

07. Let's design the Motivation Matrixhttp://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/20

The Motivation Matrix is used in order to understand the motivations and the interactions between the actors that drive the Collaborative Activity.

Source: http://www.sustainable-everyday.net/lolacases/

In order to design / visualize interactions as motivations

08. Let's design the Blueprint for the Collaborative Activityhttp://www.face.ubiobio.cl/webfile/media/42/version%20-8-1/mariaperez.pdfhttp://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/35

Service Blueprints are used in torder to design and visualize processes and specifications of the Collaborative Acitivity when it happens inside an organization (Enterprise, Public Administration, Party ...) or there is a place where it meets people from outside

* actions of inside and outside actors* users, front office, back office, support processes* time

In order to design and visualize interactions inside-outside within a timeline

08. Blueprint of the Collaborative Activity

09. Storyboardhttp://www.servicedesigntools.org/tools/13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storyboard

Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a series of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence, including website interactivity.

In order to design / visualize interaction through time as an story

09. Storyboard

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ninga/473316247/

10. Let's design the Reputation Levelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimate_peripheral_participationhttp://www.uam.es/centros/psicologia/paginas/mpe/docs/download/laveTema2.pdf

Explicit and tacit knowledge is what shapes the Collaborative Activity and the Community: an open and p2p horizontal structure, as the result of the interactions, reputation and their history:

information --> knowledge --> action --> reputation --> organization

The structure / weight of interactions

11. Let's choose (or design) a Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain

In order to be able to design or to modify the project of a Collaborative Activity in a collaborative way, we need a legal License that let us:* share and distribute the project* modify the project* create a new project from another one

The License is* a legal tool* a social contract that manage the results and the goals

In our case we have two possibilities:* Public Domain* Creative Commons

05.Open P2P Design:An example

Open P2P Design Workshop, SingaporeWith Roger Pitiot25-27 November 2009, NTU UniversitySingapore Design Festival, http://workshop.colab-design.org/

01. Community Analysis

02. Participation Matrix

“Second version, now the students manufacture and manage the product, we just help them distributing it”

“First version of the Participation Matrix, we do everything by ourselves”

03. Open Design Activity

04. System Map rev.18

“Adding the Open Design System Map, the public relation role is at the center of manufacturing and distribution”

04. System Map rev.19

“put in survey study into sub category market”

04. System Map rev.20

“Feedback from students and survey results from customers, now available to read by concept designers.”

04. System Map Last Revision

“everyone gets paid now!”

05. Open Design Activity Poster

06.Conclusions:Open Design for Distributed Systems

Design for a new, Distributed Scenario

Based on:* energy: distributed generation* physical goods: distributed manufacturing* financial resources: open money / local currencies

And we need to redefine Design and its:* identity* knowledge* social networks* roles* processes* limits/choices

--> Let's redefine and use Design for enabling Distributed Systems

Any questions or comments?

Thank you!

Massimo Menichinelli

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