open source)i

8/8/2019 Open Source)I

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Web DBs & PHP


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Topics Covered

Database Driven WebOpen Source Software

(LAMP - Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP)

References


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Database Driven Web Application

ClientsApplication

Servers includingweb servers

Database Server

A database web application is an application based on World

Wide Web (Internet) and database using web browser as aclient.

Traditional client-server (2-tier architecture):A client

computerhandles the userinterface (Access Forms, Oracle

Forms, Reports) and a database server stores the data. The

actual functionality (business logic) of the application resides

on the client and/orin the databases

Web-based (multi-tier architecture):A client computer

uses a browser to access information from twoormore

servers (web servers, application servers, database servers)(i.e.) A web serverhandles web requests, an application

serverhandles dynamic requests and a database server

stores the data)


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Three-Tier Architecture


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Benefits of Web Applications

Free Infrastructure:A major benefit is that the whole

infrastructure is already in place and well developed. Only a web

browseris needed. The new applications can be available to all

the relevant users immediately IT support staffdo not have to go

to eachclient workstation toinstall the Client Software

Free Upgrades:As the application resides on the server, new

versions will be immediately and simultaneously available to every

user. There is no need to distribute updated application files to

every user.

Interchangeable components: It is possible to exchange either

the serveror the browser without breaking the application.


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Web TechnologiesClient-side

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

DTD (Document Type Declaration)

XSLT (Extensible Style Sheet Language Translator)JavaScript

VBScript/Jscript

Animation (Flash )

Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML HTML, JavaScript, CSS & Document Object Model

(DOM)


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Web TechnologiesServer-side

o PHP

o ASP (Active Server Pages) & ASP.NET

o JSP (Java Server Pages)

o Java Servletso C++/Java

o PERL

o XMLDatabase

ODBC

JDBC

OleDB


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CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

Set ofrules that define how web servercommunicates withother software on the

same machine

Defines how the other software (CGI program)talks back to the web server

Has nothing to do with any particular

programming language!

Often confused with Perl


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CGI what can it do?Can dynamically create web content

Reacting fromuserinput orotherfactors

For example:

User inputs data intoform Posts it to web server

CGI program

1.receives data

2.processes it

3.and returns tailored page to web serverforuser


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CGI todayStill used

Widely supported Established standard

Portable

Can return any content supported by server (not just HTML)

But Needs a programmer Perl, C, C++,TCL, BASIC

Can be fiddly to debug

Has been known tocause security problems

CGI Overhead

Fork offnew process

Initialise scripts

Ser verimplementation specificissues!


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SSI (ServerSide Includes)

Innovation ofNCSA's HTTPD

And non-standard

Simple interface forcreating dynamiccontent

Ifyour application doesnt need an executable

perhaps consider SSI

i.e. including a navigation baron all pages or

house styles

Can only return an HTML page


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ASP (Active ServerPages)

Microsofts server-side offering

Runs on MS web servers (IIS or PWS)

Latest ASP.NET

You write HTML pages with little bits ofVisual

Basicor C# embedded in between tags

Ser verinterprets them before delivering the

page

Example:

Today is:


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JSP (Java ServerPages)

Sun Microsystems equivalent ofASP

Based on Java technology

You write HTML with little bits ofJava

embedded in between tags

Ser verinterprets them before delivering the

page

It compiles theminto Servlets (see later)

Example:

Today is:


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ASP VSJSP

Both simple fast methods ofcreating dynamic webcontent

As compared to CGI

JSP is an industry wide initiative led by Sun

ASP is Microsoft Portability issues?

Apache has roughly 70% share in web server market

& supports JSP via Jakarta Tomcat

So Microsoft got together with Covalent technologies and gotASP.NETonto Apache

JSP can run on NT and IIS web servers through third

party solutions


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www.opensource.org

Software in a community that is: Freely Used (no warranty, no limits on usage)

Source code is available for any modifications

Freely Extended (must share source, represent original

works and owners) License is not specific to a product or restrict other software

and also technology neutral.

There's always plenty ofprofessional and peersupport from documentation and mailing lists.

Runs on any Platform. Bugs are fixed rapidly, andrequests forfeatures are always heard, evaluated,

and iffeasible,implemented.

Open Source Software


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Linux (www.linux.com)

*nixflavour that is all the rage at the moment. Similar to Unix but free and runs on just about anything.

Latest version: 9.2

Apache (www.apache.org)

Most popular web page serving software Latest version: 2.0

MySQL (www.mysql.com)

Open source SQL database that is free and extremely powerful

Latest version: 4.1 (though 5.0.1is testing version)

PHP (www.php.net)

PHP ((Hypertext Preprocessor)Hypertext Preprocessor) is mainly focused on server-sidescripting, so youcan do anything any other CGI programcan do,such as collect form data, generate dynamicpage content,or

send and receive cookies. But PHP can domuchmore. Latest version: 4.3 thou h 5 is testin

LAMPLAMP

Free

Coordinated

Cross-platform

Plenty ofsupporthttp://www.lamphost.net/


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Software UsageSoftware Usage


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One of the most powerful development models

for the Web has been the notion ofAMP.

AMP stands for AApache /pache / MMySQL /ySQL / PPHPHP &

Perl working together.

AMP

Apache is the

industry-leading

web server thatruns a majority

of web servers

on the Internet.

MySQL is a very

popular

database thatruns on most

operating

systems.

PHP / Perl is a

general purpose

scripting

environment

widely used for

building dynamicweb sites.

Together, they form the nucleus of a web application system.

www.easyphp.org -> contains the software needed for all three packages. You

can install and configure very easily. I am showing the installation separately


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Apache, MySQL and PHP (AMP)

Integration

User

Us

er


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Apache - BenefitsApache is well supportedApache is well supported -- Most support for Apache is free andMost support for Apache is free and

ava

ilable 24

hours a day

via Internet

ma

il

or newsgr

oups.a

va

ilable 24

hours a day

via Internet

ma

il

or newsgr

oups.Apache is multiApache is multi--platformplatform -- Apache can run on virtually any hardwareApache can run on virtually any hardware

platform (from PCs tomainframes), and almost any operating system,platform (from PCs tomainframes), and almost any operating system,

such as Linux, Windows, NetWare, Macintosh,xBSD, etc.such as Linux, Windows, NetWare, Macintosh,xBSD, etc.

Apache is secureApache is secure -- security holes are rare but when they exist theysecurity holes are rare but when they exist they

are discovered and fixed quicklyare discovered and fixed quickly

Apache is extensibleApache is extensible -- anyone can write modules that easily plug in toanyone can write modules that easily plug in to

Apache. IfApache doesn't do what you want or need it to do, anyoneApache. IfApache doesn't do what you want or need it to do, anyone

withprogramming skills can write the modules you need.withprogramming skills can write the modules you need.

Apache is databaseApache is database--friendlyfriendly -- youcan interface Apache withvirtuallyyoucan interface Apache withvirtually

any commercial database, such as Oracle, Sybase, DB2, and Informix,any commercial database, such as Oracle, Sybase, DB2, and Informix,

as well as free databases such as MySQL and Postgres.as well as free databases such as MySQL and Postgres.

Apache is hardwareApache is hardware--friendlyfriendly -- Apache generally consumes farfewerApache generally consumes farfewer

hardware resources that commercial web servers.hardware resources that commercial web servers.

No Microsoft VirusesNo Microsoft Viruses -- Apache is immune to the Code Red, Nimda,Apache is immune to the Code Red, Nimda,

and otherviruses that target at Microsoft Web servers.and otherviruses that target at Microsoft Web servers.


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Installation Apache (ver 2.0.52)

Go tohttp://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Ifyou are downloading the Win32 distribution,

please read these important notes at the website

http://apache.mirror.mcgill.ca/httpd/binaries/win32/README.html

Download the binary version

Win32 Binary (MSI Installer): apache_2.0.52-

win32-x86-no_ssl.msi


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Move to the folder where theMove to the folder where the

Apache is installed and doubleApache is installed and doubleclick on the file to start theclick on the file to start theinstallation.installation.

Welcome screenWelcome screen -- Press NextPress Nextto continueto continue

Apa

che l

icenseA

pa

che l

icense Accept theAccept theterms and Press Nextterms and Press Next

BriefintroBriefintro Read and PressRead and PressNextNext

Server InformationServer Information EnterEnteradmin users emailadmin users email

SetupTypeSetupType TypicalTypical Destination Folder :Destination Folder : leave to theleave to the

default and press Nextdefault and press Next

Wait for installation toWait for installation tocompletecomplete

Youcan change the settingsYoucan change the settings ininhttpd.conf file in conf folderhttpd.conf file in conf folder

Installation Apache (ver 2.0.52)


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Find the port address Open httpd.confand find the port number : 80,8080orOpen httpd.confand find the port number : 80,8080or8088 (on this machine)8088 (on this machine) c:c:\\programprogramfilesfiles\\ApachegroupApachegroup\\Apache2Apache2\ \conf folderconf folder

Starting Apache service C:ProgramC:Program

FilesFiles\\ApacheGroupApacheGroup\\Apache2Apache2\\binbin\\ApacheMonitor.exe. YouApacheMonitor.exe. Youwill see at the task barwill see at the task bar

Open the monitor and start the apache service ifit is notOpen the monitor and start the apache service ifit is not

done alreadydone already Testing the Apache web server

http://localhost:8088/ Youmay have a different portYoumay have a different portnumbernumber

you will see the test web page.you will see the test web page.

Starting Apache


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Configuration - Apache Edit and save httpd.conffile:

Alter O ptions Indexes FollowSymLinks into

Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks

Reboot Apache (not computer)


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MySQL - BenefitsIn 1996T.c.X. DataKonsultAB , a consulting firmin Sweden developed

MySQL.The largest growing relational database out on the market as it can

handle large databases that can be accessed over the Web - Meets

the ANSI SQL92 regulations (SQL-Structured Query Language)

Mainly runs on UNIX-based environments, but alsoused on windows

One of the most used open source databases in the world.Capacity tohandle 50,000,000+ records.

Very fast command execution,perhaps the fastest to be found on the

market.

Flexible and secure password system toprotect your data - powerful

security systemFast, reliable, easy touse, and affordable!

On-line helpfacility - (type help or -?,)

Comes with a source code

Multi-User and works on Several Platforms


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Installation - MySQL

Go toGo tohttp://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.htmlhttp://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html

and move to Windows (x86)5.0.0aand move to Windows (x86)5.0.0a--alpha26.7Malpha26.7M

Click DownloadClick Download

Create foldercalled mysql and Unzip the fileCreate foldercalled mysql and Unzip the file

ExecuteExecute setup.exesetup.exe

Welcome screenWelcome screen Press Next to continuePress Next to continueInformation:Information: Note down and press NextNote down and press Next

Destination Folder:Destination Folder: Default (c:Default (c:\\mysql)mysql)

Wait forinstallation tocompleteWait forinstallation tocomplete -- Press FinishPress Finish


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Starting MySQL

Go to C:\mysql\bin

Execute winmysqladmin.exe. You will be prompted for

username and password. Type as admin with password as

admin

You will see the Traffic light signal on the task bar and alsothe admin window


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Configuration - MySQL


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MySQL Control Center

Graphical administrative interface for MySQLGraphical administrative interface for MySQLdatabase(s)database(s)

Can administer several DB servers that areCan administer several DB servers that are

hosted on different machineshosted on different machines

Download fromDownload from

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/other/mysqlcc.html

Execute the fileExecute the file


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Open programin programs menuOpen programin programs menu

EstablishconnectionEstablishconnectionto DB serverto DB server

MySQL Control Center - Configuration


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in Databases ignore mysql; delete testin Databases ignore mysql; delete test in User Administration deletein User Administration delete

first twousers and assignfirst twousers and assign

password to root userspassword to root users ignore Server Administrationignore Server Administration

adapt connection (password)adapt connection (password)

MySQL Control Center - Configuration


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Open-source technology

Providing server-side scripting very similar to

ASP/JSP

Source code and distribution freely available

Large community ofdevelopers Implementations for

All major UNIX, Linux and Windows operating

systems

Accessing different databases especially MySQL but others inc Microsoft

Access

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor


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PHP

A ser ver-side embedded scripting language originallycreated by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. PHP has changed

extensively since then.

A PHP web page is a file containing HTML interspersed

with PHP script. the PHP script is executed on the serverand the resulting HTML sent to the client - very similar to

ASP.

PHP syntaxhas muchin common with Java, JavaScript,

Python and Perl. It is designed with the express intentionofmaking server scripting easy tocode.

PHP scripts can run as a Common Gateway Interface

(CGI) application


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PHP how?Any web server

CGI is a standard across most web serversHigh security

PHP runs in it's own process space somalicious

scripts cannot attack the server

...at least that was the ideaHigh reliability

A fault in the PHP does not affect the server

process

Can run as an Apache modulePHP can also run from the command line. This has

gained some popularity so the command line

interpreteris now built by default.


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PHP as an Apache module?Highperformance

the PHP interpreter runs as part of theApache process so nooverhead of

spawning a new process

Persistent database connectivity

PHP does not stop running after servicing

the request

Vulnerable

Opens the possibility ofattacking the serverprocess via a PHP script


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PHP at UoG

The Unix Apache webserver stuweb.cms.gre.ac.uk runs

5.0.5 and the Windoze IIS servercms-stu-iis.gre.ac.uk

runs 5.2.3 (the Windoze Apache server

stuapache.cms.gre.ac.uk is currently not working). Don't

be too surprised at differences between your domestic

installation and the University servers.

These notes are suitable for both PHP4 and PHP5.

Amongst otherimprovements PHP 5 provides animproved implementation ofDOM and we will use this

when we look more closely at XML.


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Which OS? The natural home for PHP is a Unix/Linuxplatform runing Apache.

Windoze distributions are usually precompiled binaries, whichis an

endorsement ofone strengthofthe Win32 platform - there are only 4 major

versions tocope with and frequently a single software build can suit all four.

The configuration concepts are howeverpretty much the same for eachplatform so regardless ofthe platformon which you are running there are a

couple ofconfiguration files that it is a good idea tohave a look at and

modify to suit your needs:

httpd.conf- the main apache config filephp.ini - the main PHP config file


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PHP - BenefitsEasy,powerful,popularEasy,powerful,popular

ServerServer--side scripting languageside scripting languageSupports many DBs (not only MySQL)Supports many DBs (not only MySQL)

Platform IndependentPlatform Independent

Web Server IndependentWeb Server Independent

Free and Open SourceFree and Open SourcePHP Overtakes Microsoft ASP as the Webs Number

1 server side Web technology for the Internet.

An recent Netcraft surveys indicated 24 percent ofthe 37.6million websites,or are running PHP scripts.

PHP adoption is growing by 6.5 percent eachmonth.

(9million sites)


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PHP & MySQLBooks1. PHP and MySQL for Dynamic Web Sites: Visual QuickPro Guide by Larry

Ullman, Peachpit Press, May 200

3, ISBN0

-321

-1

8648-6, 572 pages2. Web Database Applications with PHP & MySQL by Hugh E. Williams & David

Lane O'Reilly & Associates, Mar 2002, ISBN 0-5960-0041-3, 582 pages

3. PHP MySQL Website Programming by Chris Lea, Mike Buzzard, Jessey White-

Cinis & DilipThomas Wrox Press Inc, Mar 2003, ISBN 1-861008-27-9, 500

pages

4. Sams TeachYourselfPHP, MySQL and Apache All in One By Julie Meloni,

SAMS, ISBN: 0672326205;

5. PHP Professional Projects by Ashish Wilfred, Meeta Gupta, Kartik Bhatnagar,

ISBN: 1-931841-53-5 2002

6. Beginnning PHP 5 and MySQL: From Novice to Professional by W. J. Gilmore

7. PHP and MySQL Web Development (3rd edition) by Luke Welling, Laura

Thomson


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PHP Referenceswww.php.net


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MySQL References http://www.mysql.com/http://www.mysql.com/ -- THE OFFICIAL MYSQLTHE OFFICIAL MYSQL

WEBSITEWEBSITE http://www.mysql.com/documentation/http://www.mysql.com/documentation/ -- CODING/HELPCODING/HELPDOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENTATION

http://www.mysql.com/information/presentations/presenthttp://www.mysql.com/information/presentations/presentationation--ede2000ede2000--20001010/20001010/ -- SYNTAX EXPLAINEDSYNTAX EXPLAINED

http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/programming/php/http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/programming/php/tutorials/tutorial4.htmltutorials/tutorial4.html

PHP AND MYSQL TUTORIALPHP AND MYSQL TUTORIAL

http://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/MySQLhttp://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/MySQL -- THETHEDEVELOPER SHED (MYSQL INFO.)DEVELOPER SHED (MYSQL INFO.)

http://www.faqts.com/knowledge_base/index.phtml/fid/94http://www.faqts.com/knowledge_base/index.phtml/fid/94MYSQL QUERIES AND COMMON PROBLEMSMYSQL QUERIES AND COMMON PROBLEMS

www.mysql.comwww.mysql.com

http://www.freewebmasterhelp.com/tutorials/phpmysqlhttp://www.freewebmasterhelp.com/tutorials/phpmysql


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