Open Vision with IBM AIX 6.1

Apisit SukpremAdvisory IT SpecialistSTG, IBM (Thailand)

• Strategic

– Committed roadmap

– Wide acceptance from key ISVs

• Reliable

– Dynamic configuration changes

• Help reduce planned and unplanned outages

– Integrated Logical Volume Manager + JFS2

• Easy to Manage

– Policies for allocation of server resource using Workload Partitions

– Create system images from pre-assembled templates with NIM

– Role-based Access Control and Integrated Systems Console

• High performance

– Scalability

Why AIX on POWER?

“We’re going to continue to invest in AIX and continue to enhance it” – Ross Mauri, General Manager, Power Systems

3

20+ Years of AIX Progress

Network CentricComputing

AIX V2 & V3Establishment in the market:- RISC Support- UNIX credibility- Open Sys. Stds..- Dynamic Kernel- JFS and LVM- SMIT

AIX V3.2.5Maturity:- Stability- Quality

AIX V4.1/4.2SMP Scalability:- POWERPC spt.- 4-8 way SMP- Kernel Threads- Client/Server pkg- NFS V3- CDE- UNIX95 branded- NIM- > 2GB filesystems-HACMP Clustering- POSIX 1003.1, 1003.2, XPG4- Runtime Linking - Java 1.1.2

AIX V4.3Higher levels of

scalability:- 24-way SMP- 64-bit HW support- 96 GB memory- UNIX98 branded- TCP/IP V6- IPsec- Web Sys. Mgr.- LDAP Dir. Server. - Workload Mgr- Java JDT/JIT- Direct I/O- Alt. Disk Install- Exp/Bonus CDs

AIX V5.1Industry Leading

Performance:- POWER4 support- Static LPAR- Linux Affinity- New 64bit kernel- 32-way SMP- 256GB mem- JFS2 - Networking enh.- Java 2 support- Dynamic CPU

Deallocation- Cluster Mgt (CSM)- GRID Toolkit

Distributed Client-Server

19861986--19921992 19941994--19961996 19971997--19991999

AIX V5.2Flexible Resource

Management:- POWER4+ spt.- Dynamic LPAR- Dynamic CUoD- Dyn. CPU Sparing- 512GB mem- 16 TB filesystems- UNIX03 branded- Concurrent I/O- MultiPath I/O- Mobile IP V6- System UE Gard- Flex LDAP Client- XSSO PAM spt

e-Business Computing

Open Systems Workstations

�

Uni-processor 4-8 way SMP 24-way SMP 32-way SMP

AIX V5.3Advanced

Virtualization:- POWER5 spt.- 64-way SMP- SMT- MicroPartitions™- Virt I/O Server- Partition Load Mgr- NFS Version 4- Adv. Accounting- Scaleable VG- JFS2 Shrink- SUMA - SW RAS features- POSIX Realtime

20042004--20072007

On DemandBusiness

2002200220012001

64/way SMP 32-way SMP

AIX V6.1PowerVM

Virtualization:- POWER6 spt.- 64-way SMP- Enhanced SMT- MicroPartitions™- Virt I/O Server- Workload Partitions- Variable Pages- Storage Keys- App Mobility- Hot Patch- Tracing Facilities- Dec Floating Point- Improved Dumps

20082008

POWER of 6

4

POWER6 Delivers with Your Choice of AIX or Linux

Linux on POWERPOWER and x86 apps [2H07]

PowerVM

Reliability, Availability, Serviceability features

Scalability to 128 threads

AIX 6*Virtualization

Workload PartitionsLive Application Mobility

SecurityAvailabilityManageabilityBinary compatible**

Broad application selectionReduced ComplexityPotential cost savings with consolidationLive Partition Mobility

Linux, AIX V5.3 and AIX V6.1

Binary compatible with existing applications on POWER6*Micro-PartitioningMainframe-inspired RAS features hardware and operating systemScalability up to 128 threads

AIX 5L V5.2/5.3

*Complete details on AIX binary compatibility can be found at http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/os/compatibility/

5

Smooth Upgrade to AIX 6

• AIX 6 is binary compatible with AIX 5L– Current applications will continue to run

– Runs on POWER4, POWER5, POWER6

– Open beta will provide early access to AIX 6

– Binary compatibility letter from Ross Mauri –

• General Manager Power Systems

– Other compatibility activity planned

• No charge upgrade for current AIX 5L clients with SWMA– No additional out of pocket expense for clients

• Upgrade process– Tools like alt disk installation and NIM minimize client risk

6

AIX Binary Compatibility Guarantee

*Complete details on AIX binary compatibility can be found at http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/os/compatibility/

7

AIX 6 Processor Support….AIX 6 will not support 32 bit hardware and older 64 bit hardware

Processors no longer supported:All 32-bit processors i.e. F50, E30, etc.RS64 family of servers i.e. S80, H80, M80, etc.POWER3™ servers i.e. p610, p640, etc.

Processors supported:POWER4POWER5POWER6

AIX 6 will support both 32-bit & 64-bit libraries & applicationsFull support for 32-bit applications

*Complete details on AIX binary compatibility can be found at http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/os/compatibility/b

8

AIX 6 is binary compatible* with AIX 5L™It is named to reflect its unity with POWER6

The Power of SIX – AIX 6 and POWER6

•Workload Partitions•Live Application Mobility• Firmware assisted Dump• Dynamic, variable page size• Kernel Storage Keys

• Live Partition Mobility • Application Storage Keys• Hardware Decimal Floating-Point • Shared Dedicated processor• Improved SMT• Energy Management

IBM Power Systems Innovation and PowerVM

Provide Unique Features for ISV and Client Exploitation

AIX 6

Introducing AIX 6

*Complete details on AIX binary compatibility can be found at http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/os/compatibility/

POWER6

9

• POWER6 Exploitation

• Enhancements to existing Virtualization Technologies

• Workload Partitions ( Software based Virtualization )

• Application Mobility ( Cross system Workload Mobility )

• 64-bit Kernel only

• Role Base Access Control ( Partial Root base )

• Encrypted File system

• CAPP EAL4+ and LSPP Security Certification

• Solution Performance Tuning

• AIX Kernel Hot-Patching

• Dynamic Tracing for AIX

AIX 6 Hi-Lights Features….

Manageability

NearContinuous Availability

Security

Virtualization

AIX 6: The Next Step in the Evolution of UNIX *

POWER Hypervisor

AIX

Lin

ux

Lin

ux

EthernetSharing

Virtual I/O Server Partition

StorageSharing

Virtual I/O paths

POWER Hypervisor

AIX

Lin

ux

EthernetSharing

Virtual I/O Server Partition

StorageSharing

Virtual I/O paths

WebServer

AppServer

email

CRMPayroll

AIX

DataBase

POWER Hypervisor

AIX

Lin

ux

Lin

ux

EthernetSharing

Virtual I/O Server Partition

StorageSharing

Virtual I/O paths

WebServer

AppServer

email

AIX

POWER Hypervisor

AIX

Lin

ux

EthernetSharing

Virtual I/O Server Partition

StorageSharing

Virtual I/O paths

CRMPayroll

AIX

DataBase

POWER6

POWER4

POWER5/5+

POWER6

Live Partition Mobility Live Application Mobility

Two WPAR AIX Offerings

• AIX 6

– Workload Partitions (WPAR) included in base AIX 6

– Element (single system) WPAR Management

• Workload Partitions Manager

– Enablement for Live Application Mobility

– Cross System Management for Workload Partitions

– Automated, Policy-based Application Mobility

– Part of the IBM System Director Family

WPAR Manager

AIX

AIX Workload Partitions

• Software partitioned system capacity –Each Workload Partition obtains a regulated share of system resources

–Each Workload Partition can have unique network, filesystems and security

• Two types of Workload Partitions–System Partitions–Application Partitions

• Separate administrative control–Each System Workload partition is a separate administrative and security domain

• Shared system resources–Operating System, I/O, Processor, Memory

WorkloadPartition

ApplicationServer

WorkloadPartition

WebServer

WorkloadPartitionBilling

WorkloadPartition

Test

WorkloadPartition

BI

Separate regions of application space within a single AIX image• Improved administrative efficiency by reducing the number of AIX

images to maintain

AIX

WorkloadPartition

Test

Manageability

NearContinuous Availability

Security

Virtualization

AIX 6: The Next Step in the Evolution of UNIX *

AIX & Power Systems Security Certifications

AIX 5200-06 CAPP/EAL4+Application: 01/11/05Final report: 10/26/05Certificate: 12/14/05

AIX 5L 5200-05 andPitbull LSPP/EAL4+

Application :01/11/05Certificate issued: 05/16/06

AIX 5300-05 LSPP/EAL4+

Pitbull product Supports P5, P4Certificate issued: 12/19/06Pitbull MLS Ported to

AIX 5300-03Pitbull product available to

customers Dec 31, 05

AIX 5300-04 CAPP/EAL4+Supports P5, P4Certificate issued: 12/19/06

AIX 6100-00) CAPP/RBACPP/LSPP/EAL4+

MLS capabilities integrated into standard AIX product

One certification for 3 Protection Profiles

Supports P6, P5, P4

Legend

AIX V5.2AIX V5.3 AIX V6.1 VIOSPOWER6

Certification HistoryAIX 4.2 C2: Apr 24, 1997AIX 4.3 C2: May 6, 19987AIX 5.2 CAPP/EAL4+ : Nov 4, 2002POWER4 HW CAPP/EAL4+ : Apr 2003AIX 5.2 ML1 CAPP/EAL4+ : Sept 8, 2003AIX 5.2 ML6 CAPP/EAL4+ : Dec 14, 2005AIX 5.2 ML5 and Pitbull LSPP: May 16, 2006AIX 5.3 TL5 and Pitbull LSPP: May 16, 2006AIX 5.2 TL4 & VIOS CAPP/EAL4+: Dec 16, 2006POWER6: Dec, 2007AIX 6: May 26, 2008

VIOS EAL4+Included with AIX 53.00-04 CAPP/EAL4+

POWER6 Hardware EAL4Dynamic LPAR with MicroPartitioning

20

AIX 6.1 Role Based Access Control

• Improved Administrative Security– Improved security by reducing the need for

many root users

– Reduced administration cost thought delegation

Users Roles

DBA

PRINT

BACKUP

AIX Resources

Binary

Privilege XPrivilege YPrivilege Z

System Level Operations

aix

Improved Program SecurityAllows programs to do system level operations without running as root or having setuid root capabilityOnly allow program to perform restricted set of needed operations

devicefsnetworkprocrassecuritysystemwpar

bootconfiginstallstat

create “create boot image”Halt “halt the system”Info “display boot informationReboot “reboot the system”Shutdown “shutdown the system”

auth = aix.system.boot.create

21

AIX V6.1 Security Expert

Can reduce the cost and complexity of security administration by allowing federated management of security profiles across multiple servers

Enables a more secure IT infrastructure by reducing the effort of maintaining system security

“Check” functionality can provide additional security by validating that the security profile for each system matches the actual security settings

A centralized security management tool that can control over 300 security settings from a single console

Administrators can start from a “Low”, “Medium”, “High” or “Sarbanes-Oxley” security template and customize settings to met business requirements

Security settings can be exported and imported as a security profile to multiple systems

On AIX V6.1, security profiles can be stored in an LDAP directory for ease of distribution

AIX Security Expert was first included in AIX V5.3 TL5

AIX Security Expert Enhancements

•

• Single control point for over 300 AIX security settings

• Security settings can be exported and used by multiple systems via LDAP

• Security Hardening focus areas–Password Administration–Login Policy–Remove SUID –Network Tuning –IP Security (firewall) port scans–Audit –/etc/inittab–/etc/rc.tcpip–/etc/inetd.conf–Miscellaneous

First included with AIX 5.3 Technology Level 5 in August 2006

AIX

23

AIX 6.1 Encrypted File System

Always encrypted on disk

Data in clear in memory.

VMM

J2

Filesystem

CLiC

Crypto Lib

User and Group Key Stores

Crypto Kernext

Kernel ucred open key store

Login Authentication Module

Key Store

Mgt Cmds

BOS Cmds

Backup/Restore

Cp, mv, crfs, etc

The capability to automatically encrypt data in a JFS2 filesystem

Data can be protected from access by privileged users

Backup in encrypted or clear formats

Automated key management - key store open on login, integrated into AIX security authentication

Each file encrypted with a unique key

No keys stored in clear in kernel memory

A variety of AES, and RSA cryptography keys supported

Enables improved security by reducing unauthorized access to data, even by privileged users

Secure backups reduces the exposure of data compromised when backup media is taken outside of secure facilities

Automatic management of protection keys can reduce the administrative effort of using encrypted data

Encrypted File System• Backup in encrypted or clear formats

• Can be protected from root access to encrypted data

• Integrated into user and group administration

• Automatic key store creation on user creation

• Key store open on login, integrated into AIX security Loadable Authentication Module

• Each file encrypted with unique key

• No keys stored in clear in kernel memory

• Key stores in PKCS12 format.

• AES, and RSA Cryptography Always encrypted on disk

Data in clear in memory.

VMM

J2

Filesystem

CLiC

Crypto Lib

User and Group Key Stores

Crypto Kernext

Kernel ucred open key store

Login Authentication Module

Key Store

Mgt Cmds

BOS Cmds

Backup/Restore

Cp, mv, crfs, etc

AIX

Manageability

Security

Virtualization

NearContinuous Availability

AIX 6: The Next Step in the Evolution of UNIX *

26

•According to a recent Yankee Group study* of 400 Windows, Linux and UNIX users, AIX was the most reliable server

operating system:

* Source: “Unix, Linux Uptime and Reliability Increase; Patch Management Woes Plague Windows” © 2008 Yankee Group Research, Inc. All rights reserved

“IBM’s AIX achieved the highest level of reliability, with

corporate enterprises reporting and average of only 36 minutes of downtime per server in a 12-month period”

Unsurpassed Reliability

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

AIX HP-UX Solaris Windows

Hours of downtime per year*

29

Kernel Space

User Space

Interim Fix

Concurrent update

vmmove() patchemgr

vmmove()

getgidx()

sleepx()

Non-disruptive fixes to executable code in a running AIX kernelBase AIX Kernel (/unix), kernel extension, or device driver

No downtime (reboot) required to apply fix and make it activeConcurrent updates will be packaged as Interim FixesMaintenance can be backed off without an outage

Fix selected AIX kernel problems without a service outage

vmmove()

AIX 6.1 Concurrent Maintenance

30

AIX V6.1 POWER6 Storage Keys

Can provide for higher AIX availability by reducing the

number of unplanned outages due to intermittent memory

overlay

Exploitation of a POWER6 processor hardware feature to provide additional isolation of kernel and application data

Storage keys can prevent invalid changes to memory cause by programming errors

Application use of POWER6 storage keys is enabled in AIX V5.3

AIX kernel exploitation of POWER6 storage keys is included in AIX V6.1

All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

UserCode

UserData

Files

WS DB2

KernelCode

KernelData

JFS2 LVM VMM . . . SCSI ENT FC

ApplicationAddress Space

AIX DriversAIX Kernel

UNIX Kernel Address Space

UserCode

UserData

Files

WS DB2

KernelCode

KernelData

JFS2 LVM VMM . . . SCSI ENT FC

ApplicationAddress Space

AIX DriversAIX Kernel

UNIX Kernel Address Space

UserCode

UserData

Files

WS DB2

KernelCode

KernelData

JFS2 LVM VMM . . . SCSI ENT FC

ApplicationAddress Space

AIX DriversAIX Kernel

AIX Kernel Address Space

UserCode

UserData

Files

WS DB2

KernelCode

KernelData

JFS2 LVM VMM . . . SCSI ENT FC

ApplicationAddress Space

AIX DriversAIX Kernel

AIX Kernel Address Space

After POWER6 Storage Keys

Before POWER6 Storage Keys

31

AIX 6.1 Dynamic Tracing With probevueDynamically extract information about a program as it is running

Trace existing programs without recompiling

Dynamic placement of trace probes without restarting the program

For debugging and performance analysis

AIX system calls, application functions, and application calls to library functions traceable

Dynamic tracing language called Vue

Initial support for “C” programs

#!/usr/bin/probevue/* countreads.v */

@@syscall.$1.read.entry {

count++;}@@interval.*.clock.100{

printf(“Number of reads = %d\n”, count);count = 0;

}

# countreads.v 404Number of reads = 22Number of reads = 0Number of reads = 1Number of reads = 17…..

Formatted I/O

User Kernel

Probe Location

User Process CodeSome thread

hits probe point (1)

Branches to probe code (2)

Probe code

(3)Returns to probe point

(4)

Thread continues

execution(5)

Trace Consumer

Trace Fileor

Trace Output

Trace Buffers

E-code

“Vue” probe code example

Manageability

NearContinuous Availability

Security

Virtualization

AIX 6: The Next Step in the Evolution of UNIX*

IBM Tivoli Monitoring – System Edition

Key Features• “Virtualization aware” health and

availability monitoring of multiple systems

• Monitoring support for AIX 5L and AIX 6.1, Virtual I/O Server, IVM, HMC and system (CEC)

• Quick Time to Value

• Topology display for graphical management

• One year of full support

Benefits• Single tool for monitoring

multiple System p components

• Visualization simplifies management of virtualized environments

• Upgrade to full Tivoli ITM product for even more capability http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/monitor-systemp/

Significantly enhances the manageability of AIX in virtualized environment by making available a no charge version of IBM Tivoli Monitoring with AIX

AIX

34

AIX V6.1 Systems Director Console for AIX

New web based management tool that provides easy access to common system administration tasksAdministrators can access Systems

Management Interface Tool (SMIT) menus from a browserGraphical user interface is fast and

consistent with IBM Systems Director look and feelAll necessary components for the

Console are included in AIXDistributed Command Execution

Manager (DCEM) feature of the Console allows an administrative task to run on multiple systems at once

Systems Director Console for AIX

Included with AIX Web access to SMITFast performanceIntegrated with IBM Systems Director

Included with AIX Web access to SMITFast performanceIntegrated with IBM Systems Director

AIX

WorkloadPartition

QA

WorkloadPartition

Data Mining

AIX Live Application Mobility

WorkloadPartition

App Server

WorkloadPartition

WebWorkloadPartition

Dev

Move a running Workload Partition from one server to anotherfor outage avoidance and multi-system workload balancing

Workload Partitione-mail

Works on any hardware supported by AIX 6, including POWER5 and POWER4

WorkloadPartitionsManager

Policy

WorkloadPartitionBilling

AIX AIX

38

AIX Editions

39

AIX Editions…..

•AIX 5.3 Management Edition bundle consisting of

–AIX V5.3

–Tivoli® Application Dependency Discovery Manager

–IBM Tivoli Monitoring

–IBM Usage & Accounting Mgr Virtualization Edition for Power Systems

AIX 6.1 Enterprise Management bundle consisting ofAIX V6.1PowerVM AIX Workload Partitions ManagerTivoli® Application Dependency Discovery ManagerIBM Tivoli MonitoringIBM Usage & Accounting Mgr Virtualization Edition for Power Systems

AIX Enterprise Edition

• A virtualization management bundle consisting of–AIX V6.1

–PowerVM AIX Workload Partitions Manager

–Tivoli® Application Dependency Discovery Manager

– IBM Tivoli Monitoring

– IBM Usage and Accounting Mgr Virtualization Edition for Power Systems

Features– Manage WPARs across multiple systems

– Live Application Mobility

– Discover IT components and their relationships

– Provides a visual representation of the components

– Monitor utilization and configuration changes

– Collect and report resource usage

AIX

Key capabilities of AIX Enterprise EditionLive Application Mobility

Relocate Workload Partitions between systems with almost no client impact

Manage WPARs across multiple systems

Centralize the creation, replication, and starting of WPARs across multiple systems

Automatically discover IT components and their relationships

Ideal for managing dynamic virtualized environments

Monitor virtualized resources

Efficient management begins with comprehensive performance information

Provides a visual representation of the components

Assists understanding of complex application dependencies

Monitor utilization and configuration changes

Useful for problem determination and failure analysis

Collect and report resource usage

Understand IT resource consumption by workload or area

AIX

42

Common Installation Console

ME for AIX Solution Components

43

IBM Tivoli Application Dependency Discovery Manager initiates and assists planning for consolidation by providing best-of-breed discovery capabilities

Discovers the COMPONENTS in a Data Center Environment

CENTRALIZES and VISUALIZES the CONFIGURATION of the Components in a Data Center Environment

Discovers the RELATIONSHIP of the Components in a Data Center Environment

DISCOVERS AND TRACKS THE CHANGESin a Data Center Environment

Can Feed this Information to other IBM Tivoli® Products

IBM Tivoli Application Dependency Discovery Manager (TADDM)

AIX Editions Solution Components: Discovery

44

System 1

TADDM discovery of Power System Topology via Hardware Management

Console (HMC)

Power System Discovery - Topology View

AIX Editions Solution Components: Discovery

45

Power System Discovery – Server details

AIX Editions Solution Components: Discovery

46

AIX Editions Solution Components: DiscoveryPower System Discovery – LPAR View

47

•IBM Tivoli Monitoring helps prioritize consolidation decisions by visualizing the actual virtual server utilization against historical trends. It automates a clients best practices in response to system events

– Improves mean-time-to-recovery byvisualizing the virtual world to solve“virtual performance problems”

– Side-by-side real-time and historical dataassists in separating intermittent problemsfrom reoccurring problems from peakworkloads

– Out-of-the-box reporting allowsclients to quickly provide executivelevel reports and identify resourcebottlenecks

AIX Editions– Monitoring IBM Tivoli Monitoring

IBM Tivoli Monitoring

48

Global CPU & Memory

allocation

Total CPU & Memory allocated to LPARs

Power System Monitoring – Hypervisor View

49

CPU, Memory, Disk, Network Info per LPAR

Power System Monitoring - AIX LPAR View

50

Shows how network

interfaces are mapped to

LPARS

Monitoring - VIOS View Network / Disk Mapping / Utilization

51

Power System Monitoring: Sample Heat Chart / CPU Utilization

52

• AIX Editions Solution Component – Virtualization Edition• Apportion usage by account, department or organization

– Accountability and usage tracking ensures optimized usage byeach department

– Easily forecast growth by department to justify year-to-year budgetchanges

• Single hardware system metrics and reports• Data collectors

– AIX, Linux® and AIX Advanced Accounting –• Processor, server, LPAR, I/O, and VIO

– OS File System – allocated and used• Usability – Power System tailored:

– Administration Console– JobRunner GUI

• Reporting– Business Intelligence Reporting Tool Reports– Reports will be provided, with aggregation by

userid within a given server

– “Pre-Defined” Accounting Schema– Export to spreadsheet, comma delimited, and CSB

IT Expenses by AccountIT Expenses by Account

Usage IBM Usage & Accounting Manager

53

Example of Resource Usage Trend report over a period of time

Available for AIX, AIX Advance Accounting, Linux

Power System Usage Trend Sample Reports

AIX

Innovative features for virtualization, security, continuous availability, and systems management

Mainframe-inspired technologies

Strong future roadmap and IBM commitment

Thank YouThank You

Merci

Grazie

Gracias

Obrigado

Danke

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23 February 2009 57