opener: what is an ion? how does a ion form? mic/ionicact.shtml
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Opener:
What is an ion? How does a ion form?
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/atomic/ionicact.shtml
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Atom – the smallest unit of matter “indivisible”
Heliumatom
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electron shells
a) Atomic number = number of Electrons
b) Electrons vary in the amount of energy they possess, and they occur at certain energy levels or electron shells.
c) Electron shells determine how an atom behaves when it encounters other atoms
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Electrons are placed in shells according to rules:
1) The 1st shell can hold up to two electrons, and each shell thereafter can hold up to 8 electrons.
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Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons
C would like to N would like toO would like to
Gain 4 electrons
Gain 3 electrons
Gain 2 electrons
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Why are electrons important?
1) Elements have different electron configurations different electron configurations mean different
levels of bonding
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Chemical bonds: an attempt to fill electron shells
1. Ionic bonds – 2. Covalent bonds –3. Metallic bonds
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Learning Check
A. X would be the electron dot formula for
1) Na 2) K 3) Al
B. X would be the electron dot formula
1) B 2) N 3) P
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IONIC BONDbond formed between
two ions by the transfer of electrons
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Formation of Ions from Metals
Ionic compounds result when metals react with nonmetals
Metals lose electrons to match the number of valence electrons of their nearest noble gas
Positive ions ,called cations, form when the number of electrons are less than the number of protons
Group 1 metals ion 1+
Group 2 metals ion 2+
• Group 13 metals ion 3+
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Formation of Sodium Ion
Sodium atom Sodium ion
Na – e Na +
2-8-1 2-8 ( = Ne)
11 p+ 11 p+
11 e- 10 e-
0 1+
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Formation of Magnesium Ion
Magnesium atom Magnesium ion
Mg – 2e Mg2+
2-8-2 2-8 (=Ne)
12 p+ 12 p+
12 e- 10 e-
0 2+
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Some Typical Ions with Positive Charges (Cations)
Group 1 Group 2 Group 13
H+ Mg2+ B 3+
Li+ Ca2+ Al3+
Na+ Sr2+
K+ Ba2+
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Learning Check
A. Number of valence electrons in aluminum1) 1 e- 2) 2 e- 3) 3 e-
B. Change in electrons for octet1) lose 3e- 2) gain 3 e- 3) gain 5
e-
C. Ionic charge of aluminum 1) 3- 2) 5- 3) 3+
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Solution
A. Number of valence electrons in aluminum3) 3 e-
B. Change in electrons for octet1) lose 3e-
C. Ionic charge of aluminum 3) 3+
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Learning Check
Give the ionic charge for each of the following:A. 12 p+ and 10 e-
1) 0 2) 2+ 3) 2-
B. 50p+ and 46 e-1) 2+ 2) 4+ 3) 4-
C. 15 p+ and 18e-2) 3+ 2) 3- 3) 5-
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Homework
•Read and take notes Ch 5 sec 1