PowerPoint Presentation

OpenSolaris 2009.06

Markus WeberSun Microsystems, Inc.

Iban NietoOpenSolaris Community

A Workshop for some keyTechnologies

Agenda

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06

Sun VirtualBox

IPS, Package Manager, and Repositories

ZFS & Time Slider

DTrace

If time permits: Crossbow & Containers

This presentation will show how the OpenSolaris OS ties into how open source OS technologies have been evolving over the last couple of decades, and show how the innovative features in the Solaris OS have laid the foundation for even more great new projects, making for an OS that's easy to use and support, and is an ideal platform for leading edge development and deployment.

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06

Options:

Upgrade from a previous version

Natively on your laptop

In a partition on your laptop

In VirtualBox

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06

Basic System Requirements:

At least 512MB memory, more is better

Recommended at least 9GB disk space

Upgrade to OpenSolaris 2009.06

Package ManagerUpdate All

Follow instructions

Command Line:pfexec su

pkg image-update [-nv]

Follow instructions

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 Natively

Boot from OpenSolaris LiveCD

OpenSolaris LiveUSB

Use Device Driver UtilityTo check support for your devices

If ok, installGo through easy installation wizard

Reboot

Done !

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in Partition

Notes if running Windows:

If you have Windows installed, and you set up sufficient space for installing the OpenSolaris 2009.06 operating system, the installation should be straightforward. All versions of the OpenSolaris software for the x86 platform use the GNU Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB). The OpenSolaris software recognizes Windows and ensures that the Windows partitions remain unchanged during an installation. When the OpenSolaris installation completes, and the system reboots, the GRUB menu displays both the Windows and the OpenSolaris boot entries.

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in Partition

Notes if running Linux:

If you have either the Linux or Windows operating systems installed on your system, before installing the OpenSolaris operating system, save a copy of the menu.lst file. You will need to manually update the menu.lst file to add the Linux information after the OpenSolaris installation completes.

For instructions on that, please check:
http://dlc.sun.com/osol/docs/content/2009.06/getstart/linuxgrub.html#linuxgrubtask

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in Partition

Notes if running Solaris 10:The installer cannot be used to multiboot the OpenSolaris operating system. However, the installer can be used to replace the Solaris 10 1/06 and later releases in an existing multiboot Solaris system.

Notes on Extended Partitions:
If you have another operating system installed on an extended partition, the existing extended partition is neither changed nor lost during an OpenSolaris installation. Existing extended partitions are not visible during the installation, but the primary fdisk partition in which the extended partition resides is visible. No data in these partitions is lost as a result of the installation. The operating system on an extended partition is not displayed in the GRUB menu.

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in Partition

For more information on how to install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in a multiboot environment, please check:

http://dlc.sun.com/osol/docs/content/2009.06/getstart/partition.html

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in VirtualBox

http://www.virtualbox.orgDownload and install binaries according
to your OSFor any Windows, Linux, Solaris/OpenSolaris,
Mac OS X (Intel)

http://www.opensolaris/getDownload OpenSolaris .iso file

Or use LiveCD

Install OpenSolaris 2009.06 in VirtualBox

In VirtualBox: NewChoose OS, a name, memory size, (virtual) disk image, Finish

Change graphic memory, attached .iso or LiveCD.

Start

Install OpenSolaris

Install Guest Additions !!Devices Install Guest Additions...

As root, cd /media, pkgadd -d .pkg

Sun VirtualBox

Host Platforms

Guest Platforms

x86 Hardware

Sun VirtualBox

Broad platform supportHosts: Windows, Solaris, Linux, OS X

Guests: Support for practically any x86-based OS

Powerful virtual hardware and device support

Versatile Networking options

Rich host/guest integration

Virtual SATA or IDE: up to 32 disks

Virtual NICs: gigabit ethernet E1000

Virtual USB Controller: USB 1.1 and 2.0 (with USB device filter)

Full ACPI Support: guests reflect power status of host

Virtual CD/DVD: passthru for CD/DVD writing

Processor: 32-bit and 64-bit guests; PAE support

Graphics Acceleration: OpenGL for Windows Guests

Sun VirtualBox: a useful example

Sun VirtualBox: the main window

Check out all theConfiguration options.

And play around with it !!

What is IPS ?

Image Packaging System

Repositories

Easy to package
for the developer

Determine, control
and resolve dependencies

Rapid delivery of fixes

Upgrade and rollback with ZFS snapshots

What are Repositories ?

Community

Sun

Release

Develop

Contribute

Pending

Extra

Support

Command Line Interface to IPS

beadm(boot environment administration)beadmget a list of option (some require pfexec / root)

man beadmfor man pages

beadm listlist current boot environments

pkg(image packaging retrieval client)pkg get a list of options (some require pfexec / root)

man pkgfor man pages

pkg publishercheck current publishing authorities

pkg historysome history information

pkg info [ |more ]check all packages installed (long output !)

Command Line Interface to IPS

Curious or adventerous ? Let's add the /dev repository:pkg publisher

pfexec pkg set-publisher -O \ http://pkg.opensolaris.org/dev dev.opensolaris.org

pkg publisher

pkg unset-publisher dev.opensolaris.org (if you want)

Want VirtualBox and flash ? Let's add the /extra repository:Go to http://pkg.sun.com and register

Download SSL key & certificate

pfexec pkg set-publisher -k \
-c -O \ https://pkg.sun.com/opensolaris/extra/ \ extra.opensolaris.org

Command Line Interface to IPS

Flashpkg info -r flash

pfexec pkg install flash

VirtualBoxpkg info -r virtualbox

pfexec pkg install virtualbox

OpenOfficepkg info -r openoffice

pfexec pkg install openoffice

Enhanced Package Manager

Package Manager

Discover 'Repository' drop-down menu on the top right

Discover categories drop-down menu on the top left

Discover sub-categories on the left panel

Click on a package, and check out 'Files', 'Dependencies', and 'Licence on the bottom

Play with the 'Search' function

Click on 'File' 'Manage Boot Environments...'

Click on 'File' 'Manage Repositories...'

Package Manager: Manage Repositories

Click on 'File' 'Manage Repositories...'

Let's add the sunfreeware.com repository:

Package Manager: Manage Repositories

Browse or search through the packages

Click on a package, and select 'Install/Update'

ZFS & Time Slider

Time Slider

Let's configure it

Let's use it

Use it everyday, even for your own version control !

Time Slider

'System' 'Administration' 'Time Slider':

Enable it

Choose 'All' or 'Custom'

Also note the 'Delete
Snapshots...' button

Time Slider

Open the File Browser (the house/home button)

Navigate to any directory that is snapshot'ed

Click on 'Restore'

Notice the 'Time Slider'

Slide the 'Time Slider'
(note: if you setup Time Slider only a few minutes ago,
of course the will not be any snapshots yet)

However, New: create a snapshot of this directory manually by clicking on the camera icon !

Time Slider

Time Slider

Once you have snapshots, delete a file

Then, 'travel back' in time on the slider.

Select the deleted file, right-click, select
'Restore to Desktop'

Backup / Restore as easy as that !!!

Open a new tab, compare directories

To close Time Slider, click on the white cross in red
circle button on the top left.

ZFS

ZFS is VERY cool !The underlying technology that makes Time Slider possible

End-to-End data integrity256bit checksums

Copy-on-write transactions

Immense data capacity128bit filesystem

Easy to usePooled storage model no more volume mgr

ZFS

To create one or more pools (zpool), let's simulate
physical hard drives:Files can be used for that:mkfile 100m /disk1

mkfile 100m /disk2

etc.

Or, virtual SATA disks in VirtualBox:On the powered-off OpenSolaris guest, open
'Hard Disks', then 'Enable Additional Controller',
then create some virtual disks

ZFS

zpoolto see options

man zpoolfor man pages

zfsto see options

man zfsfor man pages

ZFS Reference, Commands and Examples

Create a ZFS storage pool # zpool create mpool mirror c1t0d0 c2t0d0

Add capacity to a ZFS storage pool # zpool add mpool mirror c5t0d0 c6t0d0

Add hot spares to a ZFS storage pool # zpool add mypool spare c6t0d0 c7t0d0

Replace a device in a storage pool # zpool replace mpool c6t0d0 [c7t0d0]

Display storage pool capacity # zpool list

Display storage pool status # zpool status

Scrub a pool # zpool scrub mpool

Remove a pool # zpool destroy mpool

Create a ZFS file system # zfs create mpool/devel

Create a child ZFS file system# zfs create mpool/devel/data

Remove a file system # zfs destroy mpool/devel

Take a snapshot of a file system # zfs snapshot mpool/devel/data@today

Roll back to a file system snapshot # zfs rollback -r mpool/devel/data@today

Create a writable clone from a snapshot# zfs clone mpool/devel/data@today mpool/clones/devdata

ZFS Reference, Commands and Examples

Remove a snapshot# zfs destroy mpool/devel/data@today

Enable compression on a file system # zfs set compression=on mpool/clones/devdata

Disable compression on a file system# zfs inherit compression mpool/clones/devdata

Set a quota on a file system # zfs set quota=60G mpool/devel/data

Set a reservation on a new file system # zfs create -o reserv=20G mpool/devel/admin

Share a file system over NFS# zfs set sharenfs=on mpool/devel/data

Create a ZFS volume # zfs create -V 2GB mpool/vol

Remove a ZFS volume# zfs destroy mpool/vol

ZFS Basics

Note: if you don't want to type pfexec all the time, just do 'pfexec su -'

Create a mirrored zpoolzpool create mypool mirror /file1 /file2 or

zpool create mypool mirror c1t0d0s2 c1t1d0s2 (example for VirtualBox, check with 'format')

zpool list

zpool status mysool

Add more disks to the pool (easy !)zpool add mypool mirror file3 file 4
(or different for VirtualBox)

zpool list

zpool status mysool

ZFS Basics

Create a mirrored zpoolzpool create mypool mirror file1 file2or

zpool create mypool mirror c1t0d0s2 c1t1d0s2 (example for VirtualBox, check with 'format')

zpool list

zpool status mysool

Add more disks to the pool (easy !)zpool add mypool mirror file3 file 4
(or different for VirtualBox)

zpool list

zpool status mysool

Create a zfs filesystemzfs list

zfs create mypool/myfsor

zfs create -o mountpoint=/export/myfs mypool/myfs

zfs list

Note: no format, no newfs, no /etc/vfstab, no mount !!

ZFS Basics

Let's do some snapshotting !cd /mypool/myfs or /export/myfs

ls -l

echo Before Snapshot > file1.txt

zfs snapshot mypool/myfs@today

zfs list -t all | grep mypool
(note, at that moment you might actually see also some snapshots created by time slider !)

rm file1.txt

echo After Snapshot > file1.txt

cat file1.txt

zfs rollback mypool/myfs@today

ls -l

cat file1.txt

ZFS Basics

Backup and Restore complete filesystems or poolszfs send mypool/myfs@today > /tmp/zfsdata

zfs destroy -r mypool/myfs
Note: the -r option recursively destroys all children, including snapshots.

ls -l /mypool/myfs (gone !)

zfs receive -d mypool < /tmp/zfsdata

ls -l /mypool/myfs (back !)

Note: you can also backup to different system(s) by using something like:zfs send | ssh zfs receive

ZFS Basics

RAID-ZRAID-Z (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) is similar to RAID-5 but it's a bit better because it checksums on multiple disks, so data security is higher and performance is also better thanks to organizing data in a way that the disks are well harnessed (less going there and back to get data).

zpool destroy mypool

zpool create mypool raidz file1 file2 file3

zpool list

zpool status mypool

ZFS Basics

Other useful commands:zfs create mypool/home

zfs create mypool/home/jorge

zfs create mypool/home/antonio

zfs create mypool/home/maria

Zfs list

zfs set quota=20m mypool/home/jorge

zfs set reservation=10m mypool/home/maria

zfs get quota mypool/home/jorge

zfs get quota mypool/home/maria

zfs get reservation mypool/home/jorge

zfs get reservation mypool/home/maria

ZFS Basics

Other useful commands (cont.):cd /mypool/home/jorge/

mkfile 30m testtest: initialized 20840448 of 31457280 bytes: Disc quota exceeded

To see all properties:zfs get mypool/home/jorge

ZFS Basics

Want to use OpenSolaris as a storage server ?zfs create mypool/nfsshare

zfs set sharenfs=on mypool/nfsshare

zfs get sharenfs mypool/nfsshare

Happy Sharing !!

ZFS Basics

Want to use OpenSolaris as a storage server ?pkg install SUNWsmbs (might be necessary to reboot)

svcadm enable -r smb/server

zfs create -o casesensitivity=mixed \ mypool/cifsshare

zfs set sharesmb=on mypool/cifsshare

zfs get sharesmb mypool/cifsshare

sharemgr show -vp

Happy Sharing !!Note: if working with, and connecting from certain Windows workgroups, there are a few more steps.
Check out the How to Guide !

DTrace

Tool to observe and understand dynamic behavior of entire software system

Fundamentally different from previous toolsSoftware does not have to be instrumented or explicitly built for monitoring

Safe for use on live production systems

No overhead until probes are enabled, and then only minimal overhead

Includes programming language (D) for expressing variety of tracing behaviorNot super simple, but many free scripts, some C-like elements

DTrace

Let's check what's available:pfexec su -

dtrace -l | more

dtrace -l | wc -l

Create a file call syscall.dsyscall:::entry

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

DTrace

Let's check what's available:pfexec su -

dtrace -l | more

dtrace -l | wc -l

Create a file call syscall.dsyscall:::entry

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

Not interested in Xorg calls ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname != Xorg/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

DTrace

Not interested in Xorg calls ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname != Xorg/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

Also not interested in dtrace calls ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname != Xorg && execname != dtrace/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

DTrace

Only interested in calls by firefox ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname == firefox-bin/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

Also not interested in dtrace calls ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname != Xorg && execname != dtrace/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

DTrace

Only interested in calls by firefox ? Modify file:syscall:::entry

/execname == firefox-bin/

{

printf("%s(%d) called %s\n", execname, pid, probefunc);

}

Execute the file with:dtrace -qs syscall.d

So you already understand some very bascis !

But what did the dtrace -l output actually mean ?Dtrace uses 'Probes'

Probes are instrumentation pointsThink of them as 'sensors' on your system, at any touch point of software (kernel, OS, applications, code, etc.)

The names are a four-tuple: provider:module:function:name

Examples:fbt:zfs:zfs_create_unique_device:entry

fbt:zfs:zfs_create_unique_device:return

DTrace

provider:module:function:name means:

Provider A library of related probes.

Module The module the function belongs to, either a kernel module or user segment.

Function The function name that contains the probe.

Name The name of the probe.

DTrace

There a many D scripts, information, and tutorials out there !

Very good starting point:

http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/dtrace/

Network Virtualization

Network virtualization (Project Crossbow)Enable Open Networking

Bandwith ControlDown to the protocol and port level

Virtual Wire virtualize everything

NICs, Firewall, Switches, Routers

Don't run out of physical NICs anymore !

Project Crossbow

Project Crossbow

Network Virtualization

A great 'Getting Started Guide':

http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/crossbow_net_virt.pdf

Network Virtualization

Let's create a VNIC, and then a zone with exclusive IP stack (to use dhcp):

dladm show-link
(check your physical NIC in this example, we have e1000g0)

dladm create-vnic -l e1000g0 zonenic1

dladm show-link

dladm show-vnic
(notice also the randomly assigned MAC address)

ifconfig zonenic1 plumb

ifconfig -a

Network Virtualization

Let's see if we can get a dhcp address:

ifconfig zonenic1 dhcp

ifconfig -a

ifconfig zonenic1 unplumb

ifconfig -a

Let's create a filesystem for our zone(s):zfs create rpool/export/zones

zfs list

Network Virtualization

Let's create a zone !

# zonecfg -z zone1

zone1: No such zone configured

Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.

zonecfg:zone1> create

zonecfg:zone1> set zonepath=/export/zones/zone1

zonecfg:zone1> set autoboot=false

zonecfg:zone1> set ip-type=exclusive

zonecfg:zone1> add net

zonecfg:zone1:net> set physical=zonenic1

zonecfg:zone1:net> end

zonecfg:zone1> verify

zonecfg:zone1> commit

zonecfg:zone1> exit

Network Virtualization

Let's install and boot the zone:

zoneadm -z zone1 install
(note: this might take a while, as it will fetch the OpenSolaris image from the /release repository !)

zoneadm -z zone1 boot

zlogin -C zone1
(to get console access to the booting zone)

Go through the few installation steps

You might then have to configure it to use dhcp:

touch /etc/dhcp.zonenic1

Delete hostname entry in /etc/hosts

Network Virtualization

reboot
(check out how fast a zone reboots !)

zlogin zone1
(from the global zone)

To monitor the virtual network interface:netstat -a -I zonenic1 5

You just created a new 'virtual machine' on your laptop !!

OpenSolaris Books

opensolaris.org & opensolaris.com

OpenSolaris Unlocks Your Potential

OpenSolaris: Get it. Use it. Learn it.

opensolaris.com/get

OpenSolaris 2009.06

A Workshop for some keyTechnologies

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Markus WeberSun Microsystems, Inc.

Iban NietoOpenSolaris Community

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OpenSolaris 2009.06

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