OPERATING SYSTEM

“KERNEL”

BY SUMIT RAJPAL

The kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software

 and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The

kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system.

“WIKIPEDIA”

WHAT IS KERNEL ?

WHAT IS KERNEL ?

• kernel is the central component of operating system.

• Act as a basic component of an operating system,

• kernel can provide the lowest-level abstraction layer for the • resources.

• Applications and processes use these resources through • IPC mechanisms and System calls.

KernelShell

Application mode

Hardware level

HD DRIVE ,STORAGE,

I/O DEVICES

LEVELS OF INTERACTION

Operating System

BASIC FACILITIES TO RESOURCES

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Memory

I/O Devices

WHY KERNEL NEEDED ?

WHAT KERNEL DO ?

manage the computer hardware and resources

Allow other programs to run and use these resources

Allocations made to the processor

provide methods for syncronization and communication between processes called IPC .

KERNEL

Monolithic Micro

Hybrid

Nano

VARIOUS KERNEL AND DESIGN

KERNEL PROTECTION

One

• protection from faults

Two

• mechanisms or policies provided by the kernel can be classified according to several criteria

• Static ,Dynamic

Three

• Approach used for protection :-

Four

• Firmware for fault tolerence• Cryptography for delegating responsibility to compiler

HISTORY

1960 RC 4000 SYSTEM USES Microkernel approach

Commodore Amiga in 1985 use hybrid approach

Modern os uses Monolithic kernel