PowerPoint Presentation

Audiences ExpectationsAt the first page of your notebook write down the following:Your expectations from this presentation.

At the end of the course evaluate the deliverable against your expectations.

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Course ContentWhy do we need geoscientist ?What we do in the Energy Industry ?Basic Rig Types& Rig componentsThe Well-Site Personnel Drilling FluidsMud LoggingWell site geologist duties and responsibilities

Why do we need geoscientist ?

You do this And this And get this

Geologist Think

What We Do in the Energy Industry?There are three major sectors in the oil and gas industry.

Drilling Is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section in earth layers.The hole is drilled by simultaneously applying weight to the drill bit and rotating the bit.Before Starting Drilling You Need Data.

The driller can place the bit onto the bottom of the well and apply weight using the lifting system.

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Why & where We Drill?To know The Sub-Surface (Rocks Structures Fossils - etc.).To Get The Black Gold (Oil Natural Gas) (Onshore & Offshore).To Get Under Ground Water (Onshore).Exploration of Minerals as (Gold Silver Iron - .etc.) (Onshore).

Now we need a Rig!!!!!

Rig Types 1- On Shore Rigs (Land Rigs): moved by trucks and cranes2- Off Shore Rigs (Marine Rigs) A. Jack - up Rigs: water depths up to 400 ft. B. Semi Submersibles: water depths up to 2000 ft. C. Drilling Ships:-ultra deep water, more than 2000 ft. D. Platform Rigs:-fixed marine platform.

Land Rig

Jack up Rig

Semi Submersibles

Drilling Ship

Platform Rig

Rotary Drilling Rig Components We are Live and working day and night in location, so we need electricity source.To reach the TD we need Series of pipes connected together (Drill String).Raising and Lowering of the Drill string (Hoisting System).Drilling as we know is applying weight to the drill bit and rotating the Bit, So we need rotating source or rotating system.When we drill we need fluid to carrying the cutting from the bottom of hole to surface so we need circulation system.

Rotary Drilling Rig Components

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Rotary Drilling Rig Components

Rotary Drilling Rig Components Together they perform the following functions: Lower the bit into the hole and withdraw it.Place weight on the Bit so it can penetrate the formations more effectively.Transmit a rotating action to the Bit.Conduct the Mud under pressure from the surface to the Bit.

BHABit

Bit SubStabilizer & ReamerDrill CollarCross Over SubHeavy Weight Drill PipeDrill PipeKelly Saver SubKelly

bit n: the cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells.bit programn: a plan for the expected number and types of bits that are to be used in drilling a well.bit sub n: a sub inserted between the drill collar and the bit.14

Rotary Drilling Rig Components Consist of the following: (Drawworks Crown Block Traveling Block Drilling Line Hook - Elevator)

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Rotary Drilling Rig Components Consist of the following: (Swivel Kelly Kelly Bushing Master Bushing Rotary Table)

Rotary Drilling Rig Components

Mud Return

Mud tanksDesilterDesanderShaleShakerSwivelRotaryhoseKellyDrilling floorStandpipeMud pumpsBOPCasingDrill pipe

BitClean mud

Rotary Drilling Rig Components

BOPBlowout Preventer

Drilling Fluid The understanding of the uses of drilling fluid can make a drilling operation successful.Functions of Drilling Fluid:Remove the cuttings from the bottom of the hole and carry them to the surface.Cool and lubricate the drill string and bit.Control formation pressure.Seal permeable formations.Minimize settling of cuttings and weight material in suspension when circulation is temporarily stopped. Support and protect the walls of the hole.Facilitate cementing and completion.

Types of Drilling Fluid

This is the major type of mud system. It consists of a continuous liquid phase of water in which clay materials are suspended. A number of reactive and nonreactive solids are added to obtain special properties.

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Mixing Mud

Properties of Drilling Fluid

Physical Properties (Mud Balance Test)

Measure of the hydrostatic pressure of the mud column.Density is reported also in pounds per gallon, specific gravity, and pounds per cubic foot.

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Physical Properties (Marsh Funnel Viscosity Test)

Viscosity is a measure of the internal resistance of a drilling fluid. This internal resistance, or inertia, is a result of the attractions of molecules in a liquid, and is a measure of the combined effects of these attractions and the natural cohesion of suspended particles. The greater the internal resistance, the greater the viscosity.The Marsh Funnel is an instrument used to measure what is commonly called "Funnel Viscosity." The Marsh Funnel viscosity is reported as the number of seconds required for a given fluid to flow 1 quart of fluid through the calibrated orifice at the end of the funnel.

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Drilling.Tripping.Casing and Cementing.Wireline Logging.Well Completion.Rig Processes

AnnulusThe space around a pipe in a well bore, sometimes termed the annular space.

Well Bore

Pipe

annular pressure n: pressure in an annular space.

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Casing AccessoriesGuide Shoe (G.S).Float Collar (F.C).Plugs (Top Plug - Bottom Plug).Centralizers.Cement Baskets.Cementing Head.

Cement plugs consist of an aluminum body encased in molded rubber. Two plugs are usually contained in the cementing head to facilitate the operations.

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Setting Casing & Cementing JobOnce casing is set and circulation has been assured.The bottom plug is released, which is immediately followed by the cement. The top plug is released when all the cement has been pumped. It is dropped on top of the cement, followed by drilling mud, to displace the cement from the casing. When the bottom plug reaches the float collar, the diaphragm in the plug ruptures to permit the cement to proceed down the casing and up the annulus. This plug causes a complete shut-off when it reaches the float collar.Pumping is stopped as soon as there is a positive indication (pressure increase) that the top plug has reached the float collar.

The following procedures are conducted when completing a primary cement job. Once casing is set and circulation has been assured, is to pump a 10 to 15 barrel spacer ahead of the bottom plug, which is immediately followed by the cement. The spacer serves as a flushing agent and provides a spacer between the mud and cement and removal of wall cake and flushes the mud ahead of the cement, thereby lessening contamination.The top plug, which is solidly constructed, is released when all the cement has been pumped. It is dropped on top of the cement, followed by drilling mud, to displace the cement from the casing Cement plugs consist of an aluminum body encased in molded rubber. Two plugs are usually contained in the cementing head to facilitate the operations.

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The Well-Site Personnel30

Mud Logging Unit

Gas SystemBack RoomOn-Line, Off Line & Geologist PCsDrilling ParametersSensorsMonitoresSensors Power Control

UV Box Hydrocarbon DetectMicroscope Lithology & O.S.CalcimeterCaCo4 & Mg detectorCorner of Samples Cleaning and drying.Chemicals

Mud Logging Unit

Well-Site Geologist

35Who is your supervisor?Whom do you report to?What sort of daily reports will be used for the project?What are the reporting deadlines?What is your work schedule?Will you be working a regular schedule or will your time on the rig depend on the well progress ..stay until TD!Will you picking casing points? If yes, do you have to contact with the base office in town?Will you be selecting coring points? If yes, do you have to contact your supervisor before you request a core?

Pre-Drilling

Is it your responsibility to call wireline, VSs, or other companies so that they are on location on time, or will the office in town modify the contractors of the wells progress?Do you have authority to sign service tickets for wireline logging, VSs, mudlogging, MWD, etc.?Are you responsible for reporting movement and storage of radioactive or explosive substances used for logging, SWC or perforating?Regardless of other duties, you may assume that you will be supervising the mudlogging contractor on location. Whatever problems arise in the mudlogging unit will be your problems.

Pre-Drilling

Well Proposal. Survey Report.Daily Geological Report (DGR).Offset Wells.

First of all, find out what this well is about. Is it an exploration or development well? Get a copy of the:

Pre-Drilling

Materials and Equipment for the wellsite work

Pre-Drilling

Travelling and Arriving

Pre-Drilling

40 SafetyPPEPersonal Protective EquipmentSafety head gear.Safety shoes or boots.Gloves.Safety glasses.Hearing Protection.Other Protective Equipment (Site Specific).Maintain Personal Hygiene

All P.P.E. MUST BE WORN ON THIS SITEField

Responsibilities of well-site geologistSupervision of contractors (Mud Logging, MWD, Wireline Logging, Coring and Well Testing).Detection of formation tops. Describe samples & interpreting and reporting hydrocarbon shows.Recommends casing and coring point selection and TD determination with drilling supervisor and operations geologist.Making correlation between wells.Producing daily well site geological reports.

Field

Equipments42

Catching Samples

Preparing Samples

Corner of Samples Cleaning and drying.Vacuum Oven

Sample Description 1- Classification. 2- Rock type. 3- Color. 4- Hardness. 5- Grain size. 6- Grain shape. 7- Sorting. 8- Cementation or Matrix. 9- Accessories. 10- Oil shows

Sandstone Description

Sandstone Samples

Limestone Description

Limestone Samples

Shale Description

Shale Samples

Oil Shows Description

Oil Show Samples

LITHO

70 30304030305020

GasesFm. Name / TopLithological DescriptionMud ParametersROP & Drilling ParametersLithology Percent Column

Oil ShowsLithology Interpreted Column

Mud Log

Exercise

Daily Geological Report

Composite Well LogPost Drilling

Recognize and place cutting in correct zone

Calculate the TVDss for MD: 15921 ft, if you have the following Survey data: 1. Survey Data: MD: 15904 INC.: 40.04 Deg. TVD: 14819.47 2. Survey Data: MD: 16000 INC.: 40.49 Deg. TVD: 14892.73 Note: KB= 730

TVDss= -14102TVDss= -14103

Best RegardsMohamed M Elshora

Mud Engineer @ National Egyption Drilling and Petroleum Services Co. (DASCO)Phone (+2)01024817020Email : geomohamedelshora@yahoo.com

Aly El_shaer

Petroleum Geologist @ Petrosannan Petroleum Co.Phone (+2)01207909400Email : geo.elshaer@gmail.com