operational climate monitoring - world … / in-situ data fusion land surface temperature -cm (wmo)...
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SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Operational Climate Monitoring
Concept of Climate data records &
operational climate monitoring
Introduction CM SAF
Examples of downstream services
in Europe (e.g. WMO RCC RA VI)
in US (e.g. drought monitoring)
Summary and conclusions
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring 2
Needs for Climate Observations / Monitoring
Data sets for
Climate system understanding
Attribution
Trend analysis
Model evaluation
Extremes
High resolution (time and space )
Optimal coverage
Consistent
Sustained
Full range of variables
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Concept of Climate Data Records (I)
Fundamental Climate Data Record denote a long-term satellite data record, involving a series of instruments, […] sufficient to allow the generation of homogeneous products providing a measure of the independent variable that is accurate and stable enough for climate monitoring.
Thematic Climate Data Record Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) are geophysical variables derived from the FCDRs, specific to various disciplines Interim Climate Data Record Climate Data Records regularly updated with algorithm / system identical to TCDR generation
DOI: 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/FCDR_SSMI/V001
DOI: 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/WVT_ATOVS/V001
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
TCDR Thematic
Climate Data Records
Multi-satellite geophysical parameter records derived
from FCDRs
ICDR Interim
Climate Data Records
Multi-satellite geophysical parameter records
Climatological
Background
Information:
Thematic Climate
Data Records
TCDR
Climatological
Up-to-date
Information:
InterimClimate
Data Records
ICDR
• Climate Assessment
• Maps & films
• Statistics
• Indices &
• Indicators
• Extremes
• ….
CM SAF: Climate Monitoring and Services
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Satellite Application Facility on
Climate Monitoring
www.cmsaf.eu
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
CM SAF (core project)
FCDR SSMI/S
TCDR global CLARA-A3
TCDR global High Clouds
TCDR HOAPS
TCDR global Precipitation
TCDR global UTH
TCDR regional clouds
TCDR regional sfc rad
TCDR regional Land Fluxes
ICDR processing
Support activities
User Help Desk
Outreach and Training
Federate Activities
Validation of mw FCDR
Validation of GOME-2
LST from Meteosat
Validation of ROM data
Cloud Microphysics
SEVIRI Cloud Mask
Joint Precipitation WG
Surface Albedo
Visiting Scientist
QC of satellite & radiosonde
data
Error characterization of
SSMI radiances
Comparing UTH estimates
Aerosol direct radiative
forcing
Trends in solar radiation
Cloud simulator
Marine boundary clouds
QC of geostationary data
Cloud radiative effect
Sat / in-situ data fusion
Land Surface Temperature
SCOPE-CM (WMO)
Intercalibration of imager
data
AVHRR FCDR
LWP and Rain Water Path
Land sfc albedo
Multiplatform sfc albedo
Upper Tropospheric
Humidity
WMO, EUMETSAT, JMA, NOAA (NESDIS, NCEI STAR)
Univ. Wisconsin, Univ. Mass., Univ. Miami, Lulea Univ.,
NCAR, UKMO, RAL,…
CM SAF:
more than just a project OSI, O3, LSA, ROM, NWC, EUM
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
CM SAF CDRs
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Facts (CDOP3) Covered time period: 1978 – 2019.
Area: global.
Spatial resolution: sensor resolution.
Parameters: brightness temperatures, EIA offsets, inter-calibration offsets, noise information.
Inter-calibration offsets also for AMSR-E, TMI, GMI and potentially AMSR2 to CM-SAF FCDR product family.
Highlights/ Improvements
Completely reprocessed data record, starting
from measured counts (SSM/I, SSMIS).
Scene dependent inter-sensor calibration to F11
via transfer targets F13 and F16 for SSMIS and
ERA-20C for SMMR.
Correction of moonlight-intrusions, sunlight-
intrusions, along-scan non-uniformity,
reflector emissivity.
Review geolocation.
FCDR MWI Fundamental Climate Data Record of Microwave
Imager Radiances from SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS.
Latest release, V003: SMMR 1978 – 1987 (Nimbus 7), SSM/I 1987 – 2008 (F08,F10,F11,F13,F14,F15), SSMIS 2006 – 2015 (F16, F17, F18).
DOI: 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/FCDR_MWI/V003 New release of the FCDR in CDOP3, covering the
period 1978-2019.
CM SAF: FCDR MWI
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Facts (CDOP3)
Covered time period: 2002 – 2019.
Area: Global.
Spatial resolution: 1°x1° on regular latitude/
longitude grid.
Parameters: precipitation, uncertainty estimates.
Products are available as gridded daily and
monthly means in netCDF.
0,4Highlights/Improvements Maximum use of FCDRs, expertise in FCDR development.
Retrieval and merging methods developed within this group.
Uncertainty model available.
Traceability through control over full processing chain from Level 1 to Level 4 including uncertainty estimates.
Close cooperation with GPCC, OceanRAIN and others.
Expertise in the evaluation of precipitation products.
Sustained satellite operation, sustained core budget.
Global Precipitation Product Embedded in a joint European effort, based on a series of dedicated, international workshops.
Global, i.e., also beyond 60°N/S, climate precipitation product with full uncertainty characterisation.
Independent from dynamical models (e.g., NWP, reanalysis).
Demonstrator product will be ready in an early phase of CDOP3 (2017-2022).
A proof-of-concept product version V4 will be released in late CDOP3.
Dietzsch et al. (2017)
CM SAF: Global Precipitation Product
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Operational Climate Monitoring
Concept of Climate data records &
operational climate monitoring
Introduction CM SAF
Examples of downstream services
in Europe (e.g. WMO RCC RA VI)
in US (e.g. drought monitoring)
Summary and conclusions
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF
http://osisaf.met.no/p/ice_extent_graphs.php
Sea Ice Extent Monitoring
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Since the late 1990’s, the capability to monitor
and map key components of the hydrological
cycle have become possible using satellite
remote sensing because of:
1) the launch of many new sensors collecting
a wide array of Earth observations,
2) improved computing capabilities, and
3) more advanced modeling and analysis
techniques.
New Remote Sensing Instruments
Remote Sensing Estimates of:
New Directions in Remote Sensing of
Drought
Courtesy of B. Wardlow
(WMO CCl TT URSDCM)
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Courtesy of
B. Wardlow
(WMO CCl TT
URSDCM)
Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM)
New Mexico Drought Status Report
Arizona Drought Monitor Report National Weather Service Drought Reports
Usage of VegDRI
Other Examples: • Crop insurance companies
• Forest health/tree die-off research
• Wildfire monitoring and research
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Thematic
Climate Data
Record
Interim
Climate Data Record
Long time series of
Essential Climate Variables
Regular & consistent
updates of TCDRs
Downstream Application; Example WMO Regional Climate Centre RA VI
http://www.dwd.de/rcc-cm
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring
Operational
climate
monitoring
(examples)
Climate
information
records
(examples)
Products
by WMO RA VI RCC-CM
Means (Radiation) Anomalies (TCWV) Percentiles (CFC)
Climatologies (CFC) Hovmoeller (Radiation) Time series (Radiation)
Courtesy of Andre Obregon, DWD
A combined global precipitation data record with daily
resolution and uncertainty estimates (DOI:10.5676/DWD_CDC/HOGP_050(100/250)/V001)
Technical specifications
1988–2015 daily
1.0° and 2.5° global
0.5° Europe
Combined data record
Land: GPCC gauge data (Becker et
al., 2013)
Ocean: precipitation from HOAPS,
based on microwave observations
(Andersson et al., 2010a,b)
GPCC: Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (see
http://gpcc.dwd.de)
HOAPS: Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and
Fluxes from Satellite data (see http://www.cmsaf.eu)
Global ETCCDI climatology ETCCDI: CCl/CLIVAR/JCOMM Expert Team (ET) on Climate Change Detection and
Indices.
First global (i.e. land and ocean) application using the DAPACLIP dataset (Dietzsch et
al., 2017, Climate, accepted).
Verification of hindcasts within the MiKlip project
MiKlip (Marotzke et al., 2016, BAMS,
accepted): medium-range climate
forecasts, funded by BMBF.
Model: MPI-ESM using GECCO2
Compare ETCCDI climatologies based on
DAPACLIP and hindcast from MPI-ESM.
Dominant feature in the bias: shift of the
ITCZ, in particular in the Pacific.
BMBF: German Ministry for Education and Research
MPI-ESM: Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model
GECCO: German Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of
the Ocean
SWCEM Meeting, 15.-17.02.2017 Hollmann: Operational climate monitoring 22
Satellite Observation complement the surface
observation system supporting operational climate
monitoring
A sustained infrastructure is now in place (e.g. CM SAF)
or adressed
Also the downstream services have been set up (e.g.
RCC, C3S)
Scientific quality of (satellite) CDR’s has strongly evolved
in the last 5 years -> becoming suitable for operational
climate monitoring
In parallel ICDR’s are being generated and available
Both together allow for extreme monitoring