OP

hD

tti

Ope

n P

hase

Det

ectio

n N

RC

Pre

sent

atio

n

Febr

uary

28,

201

3

Scot

Gre

enle

eV

P of

Cor

pora

te E

ngin

eerin

g

Byro

n St

atio

n Ev

ent D

escr

iptio

ns

•Ja

nuar

y 30

, 201

2•

Mec

hani

calf

ailu

reof

345

kVun

der-h

ung

•Fe

brua

ry 2

8, 2

012

•M

echa

nica

lfai

lure

ofun

derh

ung

Uni

t 2U

nit 1

Mec

hani

cal f

ailu

re o

f 345

kV

unde

rhun

g po

rcel

ain

insu

lato

r on

Syst

em A

uxilia

ry

Tran

sfor

mer

(SAT

) A-

fram

e st

ruct

ure

crea

tes

a lin

e to

gro

und

faul

t on

the

feed

si

de o

f the

SAT

•M

echa

nica

l fai

lure

of u

nder

-hun

g po

rcel

ain

insu

lato

r on

SAT

A-fra

me

stru

ctur

e cr

eatin

g a

line

to g

roun

d fa

ult

on th

e sy

stem

sid

e•

Prot

ectiv

ere

layi

ngis

olat

edth

efa

ulte

d•

Ope

n ph

ase

cond

ition

that

pro

tect

ive

rela

ying

was

not

des

igne

d to

det

ect

•Si

mul

tane

ous

adve

rse

impa

ct o

n bo

th

redu

ndan

t saf

ety

train

s

Prot

ectiv

e re

layi

ng is

olat

ed th

e fa

ulte

d co

mpo

nent

and

tran

sfer

red

pow

er to

th

e al

tern

ate

supp

ly•

Syst

ems

wor

ked

as d

esig

ned

and

stat

ion

rem

aine

d on

-line

•R

eact

or tr

ip o

n R

eact

or C

oola

nt P

ump

(RC

P) u

nder

volta

ge•

Loss

of o

ff-si

te p

ower

(LO

OP)

•U

nusu

al E

vent

•Lo

ss o

f off-

site

pow

er (L

OO

P)

•U

nusu

al E

vent

•O

hio

Bra

ss in

sula

tor m

anuf

actu

ring

defe

ct•

Des

ign

vuln

erab

ility

failu

reto

auto

mat

ical

lyde

tect

anop

enph

ase

cond

ition

•O

hio

Bra

ss in

sula

tor m

anuf

actu

ring

defe

ct•

Des

ign

vuln

erab

ility

failu

reto

auto

mat

ical

lyde

tect

anop

enph

ase

cond

ition

2

•D

esig

n vu

lner

abili

ty -

failu

re to

aut

omat

ical

ly d

etec

t an

open

pha

se c

ondi

tion

•D

esig

n vu

lner

abili

ty -

failu

re to

aut

omat

ical

ly d

etec

t an

open

pha

se c

ondi

tion

Exel

on F

leet

Act

ions

Sum

mar

y

•Th

is e

vent

was

sig

nific

ant b

ecau

se it

reve

aled

a d

esig

n vu

lner

abilit

y w

here

an

open

ph

ase

or o

pen

phas

e gr

ound

ed c

ondi

tion

wou

ld n

ot b

e de

tect

ed b

y th

e ex

istin

g pr

otec

tive

rela

ying

•O

pera

bilit

y Ev

alua

tions

wer

e co

mpl

eted

at a

ll si

tes

•Si

tes

impl

emen

ted

inte

rim c

ompe

nsat

ory

mea

sure

s in

clud

ing

enha

ncem

ents

to

exis

ting

alar

ms

sim

ulat

ortra

inin

gan

dpo

stin

gof

desi

gnat

edop

erat

ors

asex

istin

g al

arm

s, s

imul

ator

trai

ning

and

pos

ting

of d

esig

nate

d op

erat

ors

as

appr

opria

te

•A

proj

ect t

eam

sta

ffed

with

bes

t exp

ertis

e dr

awn

from

acr

oss

Exel

on, s

peci

alty

en

gine

erin

gve

ndor

san

dac

adem

iaw

asco

nven

edto

deve

lop

ate

chni

cals

olut

ion

toen

gine

erin

g ve

ndor

s an

d ac

adem

ia w

as c

onve

ned

to d

evel

op a

tech

nica

l sol

utio

n to

re

solv

e th

e is

sue

•Th

e pr

ojec

t tea

m d

evel

oped

an

inno

vativ

e m

icro

proc

esso

r bas

ed re

layi

ng s

chem

e ca

pabl

e of

relia

bly

dete

ctin

g an

d is

olat

ing

an o

pen

phas

e / o

pen

phas

e gr

ound

ed

py

gg

pp

pp

gco

nditi

on b

efor

e it

can

adve

rsel

y im

pact

pla

nt e

quip

men

t or o

pera

tions

•Th

e pr

otec

tive

rela

ying

has

bee

n de

ploy

ed in

“ala

rm o

nly”

mod

e at

five

uni

ts w

ith

bala

nce

of th

e fle

et to

be

depl

oyed

thro

ugho

ut 2

013

and

early

201

4

3

py

gy

•Le

sson

s le

arne

d ar

e op

enly

sha

red

with

the

indu

stry

via

NEI

wor

king

gro

up

Tech

nica

l Sol

utio

n Su

mm

ary

•Th

e pr

oble

m w

as s

olve

d by

pro

gram

min

g hi

ghly

relia

ble

and

wel

l vet

ted

mic

ropr

oces

sor b

ased

pro

tect

ive

rela

ys w

ith a

n p

py

inno

vativ

e de

tect

ion

algo

rithm

−

Det

ectio

n al

gorit

hm b

ased

on

zero

seq

uenc

e cu

rrent

theo

ryC

td

tt

fi

id(H

V)b

hit

−C

onne

cted

to tr

ansf

orm

er p

rimar

y si

de (H

V) b

ushi

ng c

urre

nt

trans

form

ers

(CTs

)−

Des

igne

d to

aut

omat

ical

ly s

epar

ate

faul

ted

off-s

ite p

ower

sou

rce

from

st

atio

n m

ediu

m v

olta

ge b

uses

and

allo

w e

mer

genc

y di

esel

gen

erat

ors

to s

uppl

y vi

tal A

C p

ower

−

Less

com

plex

and

mor

e re

liabl

e th

an th

e co

mpa

rabl

e an

alo g

gpr

otec

tion

sche

mes

−Pr

oof o

f con

cept

val

idat

ion

test

ing

was

com

plet

ed in

Jul

y of

201

2 an

d pr

ojec

t was

tran

sitio

ned

to d

etai

led

desi

gn a

nd fl

eetw

ide

depl

oym

ent

4

pj

gp

y

Rel

ay P

latf

orm

Sel

ectio

n

•Th

e Sc

hwei

tzer

Eng

inee

ring

Labo

rato

ries

(SEL

) 451

rela

y w

as s

elec

ted

for t

his

appl

icat

ion

for t

he fo

llow

ing

reas

ons:

−Ab

ility

to im

plem

ent c

usto

m d

etec

tion

algo

rithm

−W

ell v

ette

d an

d hi

ghly

relia

ble

plat

form

−Ab

ility

to d

etec

t hig

h im

peda

nce

faul

ts−

Hig

h sp

eed

data

col

lect

ion

and

faul

t/eve

nt re

cord

ing

Sh

ht

tlid

tl

dfl

df

lt−

Sync

hrop

haso

r mea

sure

men

ts to

val

idat

e lo

ad fl

ow a

nd fa

ult

mod

els

usin

g in

stan

tane

ous

volta

ge a

ngle

s−

Com

preh

ensi

ve d

iagn

ostic

s−

Com

plet

e ov

ercu

rrent

pro

tect

ion

−H

igh-

spee

d br

eake

r fai

lure

det

ectio

n fo

r tw

o br

eake

rs

5

Sch

wei

tzer

Eng

inee

ring

Lab

orat

orie

s (S

EL)

Rel

ay

66

Byro

n Si

ngle

Ope

n Ph

ase

Det

ectio

n Ca

bine

t

7

Des

crip

tion

of th

e D

etec

tion/

Prot

ectio

n Al

gorit

hm

•Th

e al

gorit

hm fo

r the

wye

-wye

con

figur

ed tr

ansf

orm

ers

cont

ains

two

sepa

rate

logi

c st

rings

:g

−Th

e fir

st lo

gic

strin

g (L

1) p

rovi

des

dete

ctio

n of

the

open

pha

se g

roun

ded

cond

ition

an

d co

mpa

res

the

rela

y ca

lcul

ated

zer

o se

quen

ce c

urre

nt to

a v

alue

est

ablis

hed

in

the

Elec

trom

agne

tic T

rans

ient

Pro

gram

(EM

TP) a

naly

tical

mod

elTh

ese

cond

logi

cst

ring

(L2)

prov

ides

dete

ctio

nof

the

open

phas

eco

nditi

on−

The

seco

nd lo

gic

strin

g (L

2) p

rovi

des

dete

ctio

n of

the

open

pha

se c

ondi

tion

•L2

com

pare

s th

e m

easu

red

phas

e cu

rrent

s an

d te

sts

for t

he u

niqu

e ch

arac

teris

tic o

f an

open

pha

se c

ondi

tion

−Se

curit

y ag

ains

t fal

se a

ctua

tion

is p

rovi

ded

by n

egat

ive

sequ

ence

cur

rent

or p

ositi

ve

sequ

ence

cur

rent

•Al

gorit

hm fo

r del

ta-w

ye w

ound

tran

sfor

mer

s is

cur

rent

ly u

nder

dev

elop

men

t and

will

be

depl

oyed

atLi

mer

ick

Peac

hBo

ttom

and

Oys

terC

reek

depl

oyed

at L

imer

ick,

Pea

ch B

otto

m a

nd O

yste

r Cre

ek

8

Sum

mar

y O

f Sof

twar

e Va

lidat

ion

Prot

ocol

•Th

e so

ftwar

e pa

ckag

e is

com

pris

ed o

f tw

o di

stin

ct e

lem

ents

−Th

e de

tect

ion

algo

rithm

uni

que

to th

is a

pplic

atio

n−

The

rela

y fir

mw

are

on w

hich

the

dete

ctio

n al

gorit

hm e

xecu

tes

•D

etec

tion

Algo

rithm

Val

idat

ion

−M

ore

than

200

EM

TP a

naly

tical

mod

els

are

cons

truct

ed fo

r eac

h un

it to

pre

dict

the

dyna

mic

beh

avio

r of b

oth

the

off-s

ite p

ower

sys

tem

and

the

auxi

liary

pow

er s

yste

m o

f h

tti

each

sta

tion

−Th

e EM

TP m

odel

s ar

e us

ed to

gen

erat

e dy

nam

ic w

avef

orm

test

cas

es w

hich

are

ap

plie

d to

eac

h re

lay

to c

onfir

m p

rope

r ope

ratio

n−

The

Exel

on p

roje

ct te

am s

ubje

cts

each

rela

y to

a fo

rmal

Fac

tory

Acc

epta

nce

Test

p

jj

yy

p(F

AT) t

o en

sure

that

eac

h de

vice

is p

rope

rly c

onfig

ured

and

per

form

s in

acc

orda

nce

with

the

appr

oved

des

ign

•Fi

rmw

are

Valid

atio

n−

The

SEL

softw

are

qual

ity a

ssur

ance

pro

cess

was

sub

ject

ed to

a c

ompr

ehen

sive

au

dit t

o en

sure

pro

cess

es u

sed

in th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he c

ore

prod

uct a

re

cons

iste

nt w

ith th

e re

quire

men

ts o

f IEE

E-10

12 (I

EEE

Stan

dard

for S

oftw

are

Verif

icat

ion

and

Valid

atio

n)

9•C

ompr

ehen

sive

test

ing

of b

oth

the

dete

ctio

n al

gorit

hm a

nd th

e fir

mw

are

on w

hich

that

al

gorit

hm o

pera

tes

prov

ides

a h

igh

degr

ee o

f con

fiden

ce in

the

softw

are

inte

grity

Def

endi

ng A

gain

st S

purio

us O

pera

tion

•Tr

ue fa

ult c

ondi

tion

mus

t per

sist

for a

pre

dete

rmin

ed n

umbe

r of c

ycle

s−

Del

ay is

suf

ficie

ntly

long

to a

llow

prim

ary

and

back

up p

rote

ctio

n sc

hem

es to

cle

ar

upst

ream

faul

ts (c

oord

inat

ion

with

T&D

pro

tect

ive

rela

ying

)−

Del

ay is

suf

ficie

ntly

sho

rt to

isol

ate

faul

t prio

r to

indu

cing

a p

lant

tran

sien

t

•Tr

ip fu

nctio

n is

blo

cked

whi

le e

nerg

izin

g th

e tra

nsfo

rmer

to p

recl

ude

spur

ious

op

erat

ion

from

unba

lanc

edha

rmon

icos

cilla

tions

that

can

occu

rwhe

nth

eop

erat

ion

from

unb

alan

ced

harm

onic

osc

illatio

ns th

at c

an o

ccur

whe

n th

e tra

nsfo

rmer

is e

nerg

ized

but

unl

oade

d

•Th

e SE

L re

lay

is h

ighl

y re

liabl

e w

ith a

mea

n tim

e to

failu

re (M

TTF)

of 3

04 y

ears

d

thd

ii

ld

tl

diti

il

tl

tt

lan

d th

e de

sign

incl

udes

a c

ontro

l roo

m d

iagn

ostic

war

ning

ala

rm to

ale

rt co

ntro

l ro

om s

taff

of re

lay

mal

func

tion

•Tr

ip fu

nctio

n is

aut

omat

ical

ly b

lock

ed if

a d

iagn

ostic

ala

rm is

act

ivat

ed –

desi

gned

to fa

il co

nser

vativ

ely

•In

the

even

t tha

t cur

rent

dro

ps b

elow

the

anal

yzed

lim

it of

0.8

am

ps p

rimar

y cu

rrent

,aC

ontro

lRoo

mw

arni

ngal

arm

istri

gger

edto

aler

tope

rato

rsth

at

10

curre

nt, a

Con

trol R

oom

war

ning

ala

rm is

trig

gere

d to

ale

rt op

erat

ors

that

cu

rrent

is a

ppro

achi

ng th

e m

inim

um d

etec

tion

thre

shol

d of

the

rela

y

Sim

plifi

ed S

chem

atic

(Sin

gle

SAT

show

n)

11

Safe

ty C

lass

ifica

tion

The

desi

gn is

impl

emen

ted

via

a no

n-sa

fety

rela

ted

mod

ifica

tion:

•Th

e m

odifi

catio

n is

inte

nded

to d

etec

t and

miti

gate

the

cons

eque

nces

of a

failu

re m

ode

in th

e no

n-sa

fety

rela

ted

porti

on o

f the

offs

ite p

ower

circ

uit

•A

non-

safe

ty re

late

d de

sign

is c

onsi

sten

t with

the

prot

ectio

n sc

hem

es a

lread

y in

pla

ce

for t

he tr

ansf

orm

er a

nd s

witc

hyar

d pr

otec

tive

rela

y fu

nctio

ns•

A no

n-sa

fety

rela

ted

mod

ifica

tion

is le

ss c

ompl

ex a

nd, t

here

fore

, mor

e re

liabl

e th

an a

sa

fety

rela

ted

mod

ifica

tion

•Th

e m

odifi

catio

n pr

otec

ts b

oth

the

safe

ty a

nd n

on-s

afet

y re

late

d eq

uipm

ent a

gain

st a

n op

en p

hase

con

ditio

n

A sa

fety

rela

ted

solu

tion

is n

ot p

refe

rred

beca

use:

•Th

e pr

otec

tion

sche

me

wou

ld h

ave

to b

e im

plem

ente

d on

eac

h m

ediu

m v

olta

ge b

us

incr

easi

ng th

e qu

antit

y of

rela

ys re

quire

d an

d co

mpl

exity

of t

he e

xist

ing

degr

aded

vo

ltage

pro

tect

ion

sche

me

•It

may

not

be

feas

ible

to d

evel

op th

e hi

ghly

com

plex

alg

orith

ms

that

wou

ld b

e re

quire

d to

f

dete

ct a

ope

n ph

ase

cond

ition

by

mon

itorin

g pa

ram

eter

s on

the

low

vol

tage

sid

e of

the

trans

form

ers

•M

ay in

trodu

ce n

ew fa

ilure

mod

es fo

r eac

h of

the

4kV

safe

ty re

late

d bu

ses

beyo

nd th

ose

prev

ious

ly e

valu

ated

in th

e or

igin

al p

lant

des

ign

12•Im

plem

entin

g a

mic

ropr

oces

sor b

ased

sol

utio

n on

the

safe

ty re

late

d bu

ses

requ

ires

com

plia

nce

to IS

G-6

and

wou

ld d

elay

impl

emen

tatio

n by

sev

eral

yea

rs

Dep

loym

ent S

tatu

s

•Fle

et im

plem

enta

tion

sche

dule

is b

ased

on

oper

atio

nal i

mpa

ct fr

om a

si

ngle

pha

se e

vent

and

abi

lity

to re

mov

e tra

nsfo

rmer

s fro

m s

ervi

ce

durin

gm

aint

enan

ceou

tage

sdu

ring

mai

nten

ance

out

ages

•Rel

ays

have

bee

n de

ploy

ed a

t the

follo

win

g st

atio

ns•

Byro

nU

nit2

(Oct

ober

2012

)•

Byro

n U

nit 2

(Oct

ober

201

2)•

Byro

n U

nit 1

(Nov

embe

r 201

2)

•D

resd

en U

nit 3

(Nov

embe

r 201

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