opportunities for dutch cooperation · ey’s sustainability and climate change team in mena...
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IN BAHRAIN
NEXUSuniting water energy food
OPPORTUNITIES FOR DUTCH COOPERATION
Dutch connection in Bahrein
EY’s Sustainability and Climate Change Team in MENA carried out the detailed research and analysis for this report, commissioned by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain.
comments of numerous experts, including: Bahrain Chamber of Commerce, Bahrain Economic
Gas Authority.
IN BAHRAINNEXUS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
uniting water energy food
Holland.
Frans PotuytAmbassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING THE
INTRODUCTION
COPYRIGHT
Copyright ©Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain 2019
the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain and are subjected to copyright by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain) with the year of copyright.
Kuwait.
DISCLAIMER
material therein.
opinion on the part of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning the legal status of any region,
BAHRAIN OVERVIEWKingdom of Bahrain
Power generation in Bahrain
Bahrain consumes around 354.6 million m3 annually supplied through non-renewable groundwater. Agriculture is the largest water consuming sectors at 45%. Desalination provides around 99% of all potable water needs.
Water production/withdrawal in Bahrain
BAHRAIN WATER-ENERGY-FOOD RESOURCES
Renewables(solar, wind etc.)
FuelOil
Natural Gas
Nuclear Thermal Desalination(fossil fuel)
Reverse Osmosis(from Grid)
Treated Wastewater
Groundwater Abstraction
Waste-to-Energy/Biogas
LAND AREA:
CLIMATE:
TERRAIN:
ARABLE LAND:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
ENVIRONMENT AGREEMENTS:
NATURAL RESOURCES:
POPULATION:
URBANIZATION:
GDP (PPP)
GDP - PER CAPITA (PPP):
INDUSTRIES:
760 sq km
Arid, mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
2.1%
degradation
1,410,942 (July 2017 est.) Expatriates: 54% (2010 est.)
89.3% of the total population
$70.44 billion (2017 est.)
0.3% Agriculture, 38.2% Industry, 61.5% Services (2017 est.)
$48,500 (2017 est.)
banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism
Manama
commercial sectors being the highest consuming sectors. The vast majority ofelectricity generated in Bahrain is through natural gas.
Food production and acquisition in Bahrain
Food Imports
Red Sea
Arabian Gulf
Arabian Sea
Foreign Direct Investmentin farmland abroad
Domestic FoodProduction
Food imports represents 92% of the total food demand
• Bahrain’s top three food import partners are: Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the UAE
• Bahrain has been less active compared to some of its gulf neighbours in FDI, how it hasacquired some agricultural land in Turkey and Sudan
• Bahrian’s agricultural capacity
limited arable land, however it does produce dates, fruits and tomatoes.
Food loss in industrialized asian countries across supply chain
Production
17%Processing &
Packaging
2%Distribution &
Marketing
11%
Investment opportunities for Dutch companies (for full list, refer to Chapter 4)
Water Energy
Food
Food-Energy• Greenhouse and storage cooling
systems•• Virtual stockpiling ••
Water-Food• Aquaculture••• Food monitoring systems
• Food import derisking & early warning systems
• Surface water farming
Water-Energy• Renewable powered Desalination• District cooling• Sewage sludge to biogas•
•• Enhanced oil recovery (CO2)• Solar cooling systems•
Consumption
46%Handling &
Storage
23%to reduce losses at handling & storage, and consumption. Along with biogas opportunities post consumption.
HIGHLIGHTED INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
~99% <1% 0%<1% 0%No
plans
Desalination 35.6% 9.7% 54.6%Power Mix
Trend
Water Mix
Trend1 plant
only
Wate
r-Food
Wate
r R
eso
urc
es
Irri
gati
on
me
tho
ds
Flo
od
Spra
yirrigation
Mic
ro/D
rip
irrigation
Multi-
use
r ele
ctr
onic
hydra
nts
Regula
ted
deficit
irrigation
Rain
fed
Re
so
urc
e t
yp
e
Wast
ew
ate
r
Munic
ipal/In
dust
rial
wast
ew
ate
r
Tre
ate
d w
ast
ew
ate
r
Irrigation
Landsc
apin
gFore
stry
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Bio
Solid
s
Fert
ilize
r
Agriculture
Desa
lination
Brine
Inla
nd A
quaculture
Seaw
ate
rD
esa
lination
Livest
ock
Agriculture
Gro
undw
ate
r(f
resh
and b
racki
sh)
Aquaculture
Livest
ock
Agriculture
Bra
cki
shw
ate
r brine
Aquaculture
Input
Reso
urc
es
Fo
dd
er
an
d F
ee
d
Import
ed
Dom
est
ic
Cro
p s
ele
ction
Natu
ral
Native
Exo
tic
Art
ific
ial
GM
OArt
ific
ial se
lection
Fe
rtiliz
er
Leachin
g
Gro
undw
ate
r
Aquifer
pollu
tion
Sea
Alg
al blo
om
sDead z
ones
Se
ed
s
Landsc
apin
g &
fore
stry
La
ndsca
pin
gF
ore
str
y
Food P
roduct
ion
Liv
esto
ck &
Da
iry
Livest
ock
Pro
cess
ing
Sla
ughte
rhouse
s
Tanneries
Coolin
g
Upke
ep
Food
Wate
r
Dairy
Sust
ain
able
farm
ing
Aq
ua
cu
ltu
re
Land-b
ase
dT
rad
eo
ff:: W
ate
r
Ponds
Fences
Clo
sed sy
stem
aquaculture
(RAS)
Inte
gra
ted
aquaculture
Sea-b
ase
d
Cages
Coast
al fe
nces
Su
spended
aquaculture
syst
em
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Cro
p s
ele
ction
Natu
ral
Native
Exo
tic
Art
ific
ial
GM
O
Art
ific
ial se
lection
Meth
ods
tem
pla
te f
arm
ing
Indoor
farm
ing
Gre
enhouse
s
Conventional
Hig
hTech
Bio
dom
es
Hydro
ponic
s
Aquaponic
s
Vert
ical fa
rmin
g
Outd
oor
Farm
ing
Tra
ditio
nal fa
rmin
g
Underw
ate
r fa
rmin
g
Surf
ace w
ate
r fa
rmin
g
Honey f
arm
s
Livin
g la
bs
Fo
od
Im
po
rts
Clim
ate
ris
ks
Clim
ate
pro
ofing
food s
upply
chain
Mark
et
risk
s
Sto
ckp
iling
Physi
cal
Virtu
al
Early w
arn
ing s
yst
em
s
Ener
gy
for
Wat
er
Tran
smis
sion
& D
istr
ibu
tion
En
d-u
se
Ther
mal
Sol
ar w
ater
hea
ters
Boi
ler
effic
ienc
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Fixt
ures Wat
er e
ffic
ienc
y
Tra
nsm
issi
on
an
dD
istr
ibu
tion
Pu
mps Ren
ewab
le p
ower
ed p
umps
Bio
fuel
Mec
hani
cal
Win
d pu
mps
(m
ills)
Elec
tric
al
Ren
ewab
le
Pum
p ef
ficie
ncy
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eff
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ncy
Wa
ter
sou
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Was
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ater
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ectiv
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trat
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(i.e
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)
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Ren
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Th
erm
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orat
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(i.e
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SF/M
ED/M
EE)
Was
te h
eat
Ren
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le
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mal
Com
bine
d cy
cle
Cog
ener
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d ev
apor
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n (i.e
. M
D)
Was
te h
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Ren
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han
ical
Evap
orat
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(i.e
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VC)
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(i.e.
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)
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Ren
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le
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ft
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emic
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ange
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ewab
le
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Wat
er f
or E
ner
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Ener
gy
pro
cess
es
Pow
er g
ener
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n
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mal
(i.e
. CCG
T)
Boi
ler
feed
Ste
am
Coo
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Sea
wat
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sed
loop
Nuc
lear
Boi
ler
feed
Ste
am
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ling
Sea
wat
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loop
Coa
l
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ler
feed
Ste
am
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wat
erClo
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loop
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hing
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rry
tran
spor
t
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Boi
ler
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am
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ling
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wat
erClo
sed
loop
Indu
stry
Coo
ling
Sea
wat
erClo
sed
loop
Raw
mat
eria
lBoi
ler
feed
Ste
am
Oil
& G
as
Foss
il fu
el e
xtra
ctio
n
Drilli
ngEO
R
CO
2
Foss
il fu
el p
roce
ssin
g
Was
tew
ater
Slu
dge
Bio
gas