INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON

(Second Year of Bachelor of Business Administration)

Academic Year: - 2007-2008

-: Submitted to:-

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY - RAJKOT.

T.N.RAO COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Prepared By:- Guide:-

CHAUHAN ASHISH Prof. SHRUTI MEHTAS.Y. B.B.A.

1

DECLARATION

I undersigned CHAUHAN ASHISH a student of

S.Y. B.B.A. at T.N.RAO COLLAGE OF COMMERCE,

RAJKOT here by declare that the project work and its

report presented here in is through my own carried out

under the supervision of Prof. SHRUTI MEHTA of

T.N.RAO COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES.

Date:-

Place:-RAJKOT

Signature [CHAUHAN ASHISH]

2

PREFACE

The stream management, itself is a key word used

frequently even in our day - to - day life. Good result you

achieve is how good you manage & see that it is

achieved. It is in fact the key factor particularly for the

success of smooth & progressive running of an

organization or otherwise.

To be successful in any field, just academic

qualification do not work, one has to have detailed

knowledge about the practical aspect of it. Being

concerned about their, the practical study of any industry

has been included in the curriculum of Bachelor of

Business Administration. This project is based on the

information from various department of the industry.

As a student of F.Y. B.B.A. I had an

opportunity to visit OPTEL Ceramics present the relevant

information in this project.

CHAUHAN ASHISH

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to present this Project on industrial

training undergone at OPTEL ceramics PVT Ltd.

I here by take this opportunity to express my

gratitude to our lecturer PROF.PARUL CHOTALIA, who

stood a source of inspiration, encouragement and guide

me at each stage.

I also express my gratitude to the staff members

of OPTEL CERAMIC PVT. LTD. for their valuable

guidance. I am thankful unit to all the members of the

industrial unit for their whole hearted response & valuable

guidance for completing this project. I express my sincere

thank to SHRI VALLABHBHAI FEFAR, the Director of

OPTEL CERAMIC PVT.LTD. For sharing their wonderful

experience & giving their kind guidance during my training

of the company.

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INDEX

5

Sr.

No.Particular

P.

NO.

01 General Information 06

02 Production Department 13

03 Personnel Department 23

04 Marketing Department 31

05 Financial Department 37

06 SWOT Analysis 40

07 Future Plans 41

08 Conclusion 42

09 Bibliography 43

6

HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT

Every unit has got some of other history of its own.

OPTEL CERAMIC PVT. Ltd. has commissioned a full

automatic Italian plant for manufacturing floor tiles. The

company has now enhanced its skill & technology at

production & marketing of floor tiles. Today, over, a

decade of valuable experience has enable us to pioneer

within the industry to manufacture floor tiles in various

designs & sizes in the brand name “OPTEL” , all over the

India.

Original promoters of this group are from village

Sara of Surendranagar district. They are rich agriculturist

& having good business of trading of cotton & other agro

products at village Sara up to 1993. They arrived in Morbi

1993 & started a unit of mfg of roofing files under name

style M/S OPTEL.

Promoters have decided, progress of OPTEL

ceramics by alteration in its OPTEL ceramic.

This group has very young & enthusiastic family

member. All are self disciplined & hard working.

7

SIZE OF THE FIRM

Size of an organization depends of their capital

investment in Fixed Assets. Industries are divided in 3

parts.

Small scale industries

Medium scale industries

Large scale industries

OPTEL ceramics is a private company.

Investment in fixed Assets is Rs.3.5 corer &

investment in current Assets is Rs.2 crores so, OPTEL

ceramics is a Medium scale industry.

It is Limited on Membership, Restriction on public

issue of shares, & ownership are separate, separate legal

existence, so we can say that this company is PVT. Ltd.

Company.

8

ABOUT BOARD OF DIRECTOR

Promoters:-

A group enterprising businessman with

keen interest & years of experience in ceramics industry

came together & formed a company at Morbi city in the

state of Gujarat, to design & deliver qualitative ceramics

tiles.

Directors:-

1. Prabhubhai Fefar

2. Vallabhbhai Fefar

3. Pravinbhai Fefar

I) Shri Prabhubhai Fefar:-

Shri Prabhubhai Fefar, 45 years, B.com graduate,

is having 11 years experience of running ceramics items,

manufacturing & trading unit.

9

II) Shri Vallabhbhai Fefar:-

Shri Vallabhbhai Fefar, 37 years, B.S.C.

graduate, is having 8 years experience in the line of

ceramic Glazed tiles manufacturing & training activities.

III) Shri Pravinbhai Fefar:-

Shri Pravinbhai Fefar, 32 years, holding Wireless

Telegraphy degree is having 10 years services

experience of the government.

10

COMPANY PROFILE

1) Name of the firm : - OPTEL ceramic pvt.ltd.

2) Register officer/ Lakhdhirpur Road,

Corporate office : - Morbi,

Dist – Rajkot,

Gujarat, India.

3) Size of unit: - Medium scale industry

4) From of organization : - private limited

5) Brand Name: - “OPTEL”

6) Phone No.-Office :- 02822-2241401

Factory :- 02822-2241402

7) E-Mail :- info@optelceramic.com

8) Website :- www.optelceramic.com

9) Product :- Various size of ceramics

Wall floor tiles

10) Category :- Wall Floor Tiles

Satin matt floor tiles

11) Source of Finance :- ownership capital &

State Bank of Saurastra.

11

LOCATION OF THE UNIT

Location is the particular place or area where the

business units are establishment. It plays an important

role in the success or failure of the unit. Location of unit

established as well as product. There location of a unit

some of these factors from the viewpoint of OPTEL

CERAMIC PVT. LTD. are discussed below.

Location Advantages of the OPTEL ceramic

pvt. Ltd.

1) Proper Location of site:-

The site selection for location of industry

must be nearer to public utility service like transportation,

warehousing, water, power etc.

12

2) Availability of Labour:-

Adequate supply of cheap & skilled

labour is necessary. As there are number of unit engaged

in the similar line, cheap & skilled labours are available

from near by areas.

3) Electricity & Water:-

As there is well-developed industrial

zone, power connection from Gujarat Electricity board is

available very easily.

4) Raw-material:-

Row material is the vital-

consideration. As in the area there are about 40 other unit

engaged in the same line, raw material suppliers &

machinery suppliers used to visit this area, so Row

material availability becomes easy.

13

14

ORGANIZATION CHART

15

Board of Directors

Production Department

Personal Department

Marketing Department

Finance Department

ProductionManager

Workers

Supervisor

LaboratoryTesting

ClerksClerks

AssistantMarketing Manager

Accountant

ChiefAccountant

FinanceManager

Peons

RAW MATERIAL AVAILABILITY

The cost of raw material is the major cost in the

overall cost of production. Raw material is the vital-

consideration. It is the basic requirements for any

industry. Raw-Material are converted in to semi Finished

goods after various process on it & then they are

converted to finished goods.

Raw Material availability becomes easy.

Experienced & skilled mechanics & technocrats are

available here.

In OPTEL ceramics raw-materials are collected

from various parts of the country these all raw materials

are available with the help of transportation facility like

roadways. As transportation facilities have become very

fast & cheap, raw-materials are easily available.

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LIST OF RAW MATERIAL

List of Raw – Material used for production of tiles.

Raw – material Place

Talk powder Rajasthan

Feldspar powder Rajasthan

Ball clay Rajasthan

Santalpus clay Gujarat

China clay Tamilnadu

STPP Import

Glaze Frit Gujarat

Color Gujarat

Zinc oxide Gujarat

Calcite Alumina Karnataka

Zircon opcifiro Import

PEG Gujarat

17

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Production Department

Production Manager

Laboratory Testing

Supervisor

Workers

The Production manager is the top

accountable person of the production department. He has

full responsibility, authority & accountability of any task

related to the production.

The authority line of the department flows

from top to the bottom & responsibility from bottom to the

top. The production manager is answerable to the

managing Director.

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PROCESS OF RAW - MATERIAL

19

WaterAbsorption

FiredColor

SamplingFor

Transport

Pressing

Drying

MC%Addition

PowderPreparation

DryingGrinding

MC%Content

SamplingFor

Transport

PRODUCTS

Products are the final out comes of the whole

manufacturing process & raw – material process. The unit

is mere concerned with the final product raw – materials

are inspection & checked before they are sent to

production department. The qualities of the products

determined the sales, sales determine the profit.

OPTEL ceramic manufactures different type &

different size of ceramics floor tiles which as under.

Different category of ceramics floor tiles

1) Wall Floor Tiles

2) Satin Matt Wall Tiles

Different size of ceramics floor tiles.

1) 8” X 8”

2) 08”X12”

3) 10”X10”

4) 12”X12”

5) 12”X16”

6) 12”X18”

7) 24”X24”

20

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Technology & manufacturing process:-

Unit is using high technology. Unit has decided to install

the machineries from Italy which is the fastest developed in

ceramic technology. Here technology is all together very

different.

Stages of the manufacturing process are as under:-

1) Raw – Material preparation:-

Raw – Material preparation involves size reduction &

mixing of clay with different material into body. There is

basically done by wet grinding of materials into ball mill. So,

Water is used as wet medium for availability & cost

effectiveness, prepared wet slip is then stored to continuous

birded tanks.

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2) Granulation & Drying:-

Slip contain some % of water has to be removed &

admixture hot air with according to requirement size distribution,

moisture & practical size are maintained through flow &

temperature of air blow. Then it will be sending for pressing.

3) Shaping/Drying:-

Presenting of body granules by hydraulic pressers which

can apply maximum pressure up to 2000 M.T. according to

required size of tiles can be pressed in hydraulic pressers.

4) Glazing:-

Dried tiles will be send to send glazed line for glazing on it

where glazed slip is applied on biscuit of tiles then printed on it

required designs screen printing machine.

22

5) Firing:-

The tiles will then send for firing into roller hearth kiln

where ceramics & metal roller keep moving into kiln & which

passes through preheating firing & cooling stages respectively,

all required cross reaction of body & glaze make them suitable

during this processing stage the chance roller kiln technology,

produces tiles with higher quality standards & with minimum

losses.

6) Sorting/ Packaging:-

The final stage involves tiles to sort according to quality

into different grades by skilled persons. Then it will be packed

in corrugated boxes & stored into godown.

23

PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART

24

Grinding of Raw - Materials

Pressing of Clay

Sorting of Tiles

Packaging of Tiles

Final Goods

Granulation of Raw - Materials

Glazing of Tiles

Dispatch of the Goods

Firing of Tiles

Raw - Materials

Testing of Raw - Materials

25

PLANT LOCATION

a. OPTEL ceramics has best plant locations

which is as under:

1) R & D, and testing lab.

2) Water purifying system

3) Glaze preparation roller plant

4) Spray Dryer

5) Press(1600 tones)

6) Advanced High Capacity Kiln

7) Fully Automatic loading – unloading

8) Advanced color & design machine

26

LIST OF MACHINERIES

Machineries used by OPTEL ceramics for

manufacturing ceramics floor tiles are as

under.

All the machineries imported by company.

1) Ball mill

2) Spray Drier

3) Slip pump

4) Vibratos with magnet

5) Roller plant

6) Advanced high capacity kiln

7) Press(1600 turn)

8) Water purifying system

9) Fully automatic & unloading machines.

10) Glaze line

11) Plastic strapping machines

12) Air compressor

13) Generators (3 sets 500 kvs)

14) Stirred tanks

15) Screen tanks

16) Firing machine

17) Roller kiln (finished goods)

27

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. LTD., The personal offer

is Mr. Vallabhbhai who is fully responsible for the

accomplishment of the goals of the personal department.

He is many years experienced & has the caliber to get the

work done thought staff members & other workers.

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Personal Department

Clerks (Senior) Assistant

Time Keeper Supervisors

RECRUITMENT & SELECTION

Definition of Recruitment:-

“Recruitment is the process of searching for

prospective employees & stimulating them to apply for

jobs in the organization.”

Definition of Selection:-

“Selection means selecting the most suitable

candidates of application who have shown their interest in

joining the org.

For office staff:-

They recruit directory through advertisement in the

highly circulated news paper. They aren’t using any

employment exchange or employment agencies for

recruitment.

29

After receiving application, they sort out the best

application & than they send interview call letters to them.

After that candidates are selected by holding interviews.

Selection committee member select candidates. After the

candidate is selected, the company given him the

appointment letter which in chiders when be has to join

the company, his authority responsibility & accountability

towards the company.

For Labor:-

That for office staff labour is selected decretory as

they are locally available because OPTEL ceramic is

situated in a ceramics zone where the labourers are

available easily.

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JOB DESCRIPTION

Job description is an important document, which is

basically descriptive in nature & seek to state in general

the work performed, the responsibility, involved the skill or

training required condition under which the job is done

relationship with other jobs & the requirements of

personnel for the job. It is a written record of the duties,

responsibilities & requirement of a particular job.

The higher authority assigns the work to the sub

ordinates & the sub ordinates are accountable to their

superiors & the complete job record is maintained.

In OPTEL ceramics, functions of jobs are prescribed

but no special importance is given.

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TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT

“Training is providing knowledge of a job. Skill

required & developed awareness of rules & regulation,

behaviors & knowledge of an employee for the purpose of

skill development for a particular job.”

“Development is a related process which covers not

only those activities which improve job performance but

also those which bring about growth of personality helps

individual in the program towards maturity or

acuatilization of the potiational capacities.”

Main Aim Of Training:-

1) Specific techniques of development

2) Develop a leadership quality

3) To give the knowledge of discipline & excellence

4) To give the knowledge of responsibility

5) Work in most efficient manner & also very

smoothly

6) Safety at work place. Leads to more stable

mental attitude on the part of employees.

32

PROMOTION & TRANFER POLICY

Promotion may be defined as upward advancement

of an employee in our organization to another job, which

commands better pay wages, better status prospectus &

authority.

Transfer means charge one department to another

or one post to other post. Every organization should

maintain transfer policy. Transfer policy should be

transport and known to each employee.

In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. the promotion and

transfer policy are based, on employee ability and

employee working conditions. Seniority is not needed for

the promotion and transfer.

Promotion is always based on ability, hard work,

honesty and the dedication of the employee.

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34

WAGES AND SALARY ADMINITRATION

The basic purpose of wager & salaries is to

establish and maintain an equitable wage & salary

structure. The wage & salary administration is concerned

with the finance aspirates of the needs, motivation and

rewards it also refers to the established and

implementation of sound policy and practices and

practices of employee’s compensation.

It includes such areas as job evaluation surveys of

wage & salary analysis of relevant organization problems,

maintenance of administering cost & other related items.

In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. there is a time wage

system & it is paid on monthly basic. There wage are

calculated as per monthly wage rate to government salary

is the economic at managerial level. Salaries are paid on

yearly basic and its amount is paid by the company

according to the working efficiency of employee.

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WORKING CONDITION

It’s a fact & profound significance that time waits for

non. Thus, a time keeping system becomes important in

every unit.

Current time for the workers at “OPTEL ceramics”

Pvt. Ltd. are as under:

For Factor:-

To main a personnel record of workers OPTEL

ceramics followed a curd system their system is for

workers not for staff each worker is given a curd. Worker

has to deposit their curd to supervision completion of the

work; they have to collect it back from the supervisor.

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EMPLOYEE BENEFITS & SERVICES

The company offer their best level benefits to its

employee at par with the industrial standard. Beside

standard benefits, the promoters of the company assist

their best level to the employee in any crisis like situation

by providing those loans & allowances.

Statutory welfare measure:-

Company distributes sweets & other establish on

the festival like Diwali, Dashera etc.

Bonus:-

10% extra bonus is provided to the workers.

Loan Facilities:-

Loan is provided to the employees, where in need.

They aren’t charged any type of interest on the loan.

Loan is provided for the education marriage and in

other emergency condition.

37

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd, the marketing officer

is Mr. Vallbhbhai, who fully responsible for the

accomplishment of the goods of the marketing

Department.

Marketing department has to perform various

functions right from production to sales.

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Marketing Manager

Adv + ResearchOfficers

Sales Officers Sales Promotion Export Manager

Clerks Clerks

PRODUCTION POLICY

In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. following steps are

followed in product planning.

1) Market price & Sale price.

2) Demand of particular goods.

3) Cost of production.

4) Necessity & aim of company.

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PRICING POLICY

Price is a critical marketing tool. Price is very

important for the firm because it directly affect the unit’s

supply & profitability of the company. It is the amount of

money that customers have to pay for purchasing given

product.

They give credit facility to dealers of 30 days price is

set after consideration taxes too they consider all their

taxes before pricing the product.

40

41

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

It the field of marketing, channels of distribution

indicates routes or pathways through which goods and

services flow, or move from producers to consumers. The

route or channel in includes both the manufactures and

the ultimate consumers as well as all interrelated and we

have the total distribution system which is responsible for

distribution of goods or services in order to satisfy

consumer needs or desires.

OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd distribution channel is as

under.

Distribution Patten / channel

Manufacturing of company

Distribution / Dealers

Sub dealer / Retailer

End user

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MARKET SEGMANTATION

Definition:-

Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with

different needs or OPTEL ceramics pvt, ltd. has maid

market segmentation on two main ways.

1. Geographical segmentation:-

I) Local Market:-

This segment includes all the cities & towns of

saurashtra hawing potential market for the company.

II) National Market

This segment includes the widespread market in

various state of India such as Gujarat, Punjab & all over

India.

2. Product wise Segmentation:-

The firm is engaged in production of various

products such as matt floor tiles, Glossy floor tiles, and

satin matt floor tiles with a different size of tiles. Market is

first divided; on the basic of product is demand on a

particular part of market.

43

MARKET RESEARCH

Following are some of the details collected for

market research.

1) Size of market

2) Analysis of market demand

3) Ratio of competition

4) Marketing segmentation on the basic of income,

education, age, nationality.

5) Opinion of customer & dealers.

44

I) Local Advertising:-

The company does advertisings in the local or

circulation by give pamplates to its consumers, by wall

paintings, news paper and magazines and by arranging

exhibition of the different products.

II) National Advertising:-

The company does advertising at national level by

advertising in magazines likes’ ceramics world, through

radio and by the dealer of all over India.

45

COMPETITORS & SUPLLIERS

Competitor:-

As OPTEL ceramics pvt, ltd. has very wide

marketing area it is bur obvious that it will also have some

competitors in this field. The main competitors are as

follows.

Suppliers:-

The company is very large & well organized. The

countries where the unit deals in are:

Dubai

Africa

Kenya

U.S.A

Maramaskar

ShriLanka

46

Main Competitors

Unorganized Sector

Organized Sector

Local Companies

1) Johnson 2)Kajaria3) Nitco

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. the chief accountant

performs the duties & finance manager. The finance

manager prepares periodic occasional report about the

finance & presents the same before the managing

director which help the MD in making necessary finance

related decisions.

47

Directors

Account Department

Chief Accountant

AssistantAccountant

ComputerSection

FINANCE PLANNING

Finance planning is the process estimating the

requirement of finance & arranging the same from the

best available sources for a specific time period or for a

particular time. The finance relates more to monetary

issues & the same is very important with the planned

would apparently result better profitability.

I) Short Term plans:-

The short term plan of OPTEL ceramic pvt. Ltd. Is to

reduce the production cost & improve the transportation

facility.

II) Long Term Plans:-

Long term plan of OPTEL ceramic pvt. Ltd. Is to

cover whole international market & becomes most

successful company in international market.

48

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Finance manager should try for optimal structure for

the company & it is achieved when the value of the

shares is highest the cost of capital is minimum so that

board of director finance manager both should crate

satiable capital structure.

49

MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL

Working capital management is concerned with the

problem that arises in attempting to manage the current

assets, current liabilities & the interrelationship that exists

between them. The term current assets refer to those

assets which in the ordinary course in cash within one

year without under going a domination in value & without

disrupting the operation of the firm.

50

MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS

Capital budgeting decision pertains to fixed or long

term assets, which by definition refers to “Assets which in

operation & field a return over a period of time usually

exceeding one year. The management of fixed assets is

known as capital budgeting.

Thus capital expenditure management includes

addition disposition modification replacement of fixed

assets. The fixed assets are the true earning of the firm.

51

52

SWOT ANALYSIS MEANS

53

S

T

R

E

N

G

T

H

W

E

A

K

N

E

S

S

T

H

R

E

A

T

S

O

P

P

O

R

T

U

N

I

T

Y

SWOT Analysis are as under:- 1) Strength:-

- Proper channel of distribution.

- Efficient staff and sound management system.

- Financial position is good.

- Development rural area to reach at global position.

- In this company all the worker handle by the

professionals

2) Weakness:-

The company has very appreciatable management

at all levels. So there are no weak points in the company.

3) Opportunity:-

- Rapid & continuous growth in the Market, so

company has thus better opportunity in the export market.

- Quick changes in the market are adopted by them

develop it & give to the market.

4) Threats:-

- Government Policy

- International Market

54

55

FUTURE PLANE

OPTEL group has already started a new project

which is under contraction.

They have started project on rustic series floor tiles

for the purpose of manufacturing this tiles. They are using

latest technology & machineries imported form Italy.

56

57

CONCLUSION

OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. is a very reputed

company achievement success in the path of ceramics

world.

With wide range of market, & other machineries

OPTEL ceramic pvt, ltd. has a good monopolistic position

having effective Management. The all over performance

of administrator executive & worker is good.

Sound management system with owner’s personal

super vision has resulted into a reputation for profession

& high ethical standard in its business dealings.

It can be concluded that the unit make of semi-

automatic machine in the production process at the same

time; labour force is also engaged in the production

process.

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59

BIBLIOGRPHY

I have studies following reference books during the

reparation of project.

Principles of Management - This information is

collect from company’s profile &visit.

Marketing Management - This department is

writes from the web-site of :- www.optelceramic.com

By Philip Katler & Gram Armstrong.

Financial Management - This information

is collect from the company’s report and in where to write

alteration in report.

Personal Management - This information

is collected from reference book & through the

Vallabhbhai (personnel manager).

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