Optimising Networking in Air DefenceDstl/CP12250

ISMOR 21, September 2004

Jackie Offord - C4/ISTAR Team

Policy and Capability Studies

jfofford@dstl.gov.uk

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Background

• Why optimise networking in AD?

• What is networking in Air Defence (AD)?

– 5 Network Levels

• For a range of spend levels, what are the most cost-effective options for networked air defence in terms of their contribution to the protection of

– key BLUE assets from RED air threats and

– BLUE and neutral air vehicles from BLUE kills?

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Protection Trade Off

Protection of BLUE Assets

Prot

ectio

n of

BLU

E an

d Ne

utra

l Airc

raft

LowAsset Protection

&High

Aircraft Protection

LowAsset Protection

&Low

Aircraft Protection

HighAsset Protection

&Low

Aircraft Protection

HighAsset Protection

&High

Aircraft Protection××

×

×

×

×

×

××

×

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

The Optimisation Model

• Quick and Efficient method of finding Optimal Solutions• It is set up to:

Optimise the AD Protection provided in a phase of a scenario by varying the Deployment of networked AD systems within the constraints of Correct Identification and Cost

OROptimise the AD Correct Identification provided in a phase of a scenario by varying the Deployment of networked AD systems within the constraints of Protection and Cost

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Simplified Solution Space

Protection

Cor

rect

ID

Line of constant effectiveness

Cost C

onstraint

Deployment Contraint

Protection or Correct IDConstraint

ProtectionOptimisation

Correct IDOptimisation

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Objective Function

• 1st Priority– Defend the least well defended asset as much as possible

– (Identify the least well identified ‘threat’ as much as possible)

• 2nd Priority– Defend all assets up to goal values

– (Correctly identify all assets up to goal values)

• 3rd Priority– Increase performance of mix to spend remaining budget

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Results FormatAggregate results

Each point is a run with different networking

Each series is runs with different initial conditions

Individual results

Green shows protection provided against each track

Purple shows correct ID ability on track

Protection

Cor

rect

ID

Track

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Fitness for Purpose

• Mathematical Programming models have a bad reputation for being ‘black-boxes’

• This model overcomes this with:– Simple formulation

– Fast run time

– Sensitivity analysis

– Graphical results presented

– Validation Meetings

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Fitness for Purpose

• Part of a complete methodology– Protection and Correct ID are not strictly linear

– No time dimension nor simultaneous attacks

– These are dealt with in campaign modelling

• Weights in objective function validated through sensitivity analysis and military review panel

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Methodology

Data CollationData CollationCampaign ModellingCampaign Modelling

Scenario Characterisation

Optimisation

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Scenario Characterisation

Protection Tasks

Tracks

Phases

Systems

Blue and Neutral

Air Activity

Networks

Locations

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Data Collection

• Best available in timeframe

• Subject Matter Experts– Dstl and Industry

• Previous and current studies

• Military and Technical Judgement Panels– Including people with operational experience

• Trials and Experiments

• Reviewed by stakeholders

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Campaign Modelling

• COMAND - Sea/Air

• CLARION - Land/Air

• Used to:

– Identify key BLUE assets for protection

– Test robustness of Optimal Solutions• Introduce Time element• Introduce Coalition interoperability

© Dstl 2004

Dstl/CP12250Dstl is part of the Ministry of Defence

Summary

• Quick way of gaining insight into problem – Less than 6 months from conception to working model

– Graphical presentation easy to interpret

• Provides structure and focus to data collection

• Limitations are understood and where possible mitigated

• Successful application of optimisation tool in a High Level BOI study