optimization on four different kinds of radio environment

Optimizationon Four Different Kinds of Radio Environment Wu YunWen

CBC/YO/N

TAKING YOU FORWARDCBC/YO/N Wu YunWen

ContentMetro LTRHigh-Rise BuildingMountainous Region Water-Region

Metro Optimization(WuHan LTR)


Metro OptimizationMetro Signal Profile Characteristics

Downlink Signal Strength Comparison between Metro and its Underneath(on the road)

Methods of SolutionNew Cell AdditionQuasi-SectorAntenna-Relocation

Avoiding Unnecessary Handover


Metro Signal Profile CharacteristicsLine-of-Sight(LOS) Signal is preferred for Metro CoverageFree-Space Path Loss(LOS)= 20log(d) - 10log((Gt Gr2)/(4)2)High-Speed travelling and built on around 30m highServing Cell: Sudden signal drop when turning around the corner.Neighbor Cells: all are disturbing (unwanted) signals Coming from the reflection and diffraction from the walls of the buildings


Downlink Level Comparison between Metro and the Underneath(on the road)Around 12 dB Metro Penetration Loss: Comparing the signals inside and outside the Metro cabinet.Average Signal Strength received inside Vehicle on the road is less than inside the Metro Cabinet around 6dB.

Chart3

0.02741603840.0284247927

0.11240575740.1523884722

0.34886908840.4018949862

0.39067854690.3912356889

0.11377655930.02605606

0.00685400960

Metro

the Underneath(on the road)

dBm

Downlink Level Comparison

Sheet1

(-20~-50)(-50~-60)(-60~-70)(-70~-80)(-80~-90)(-90~-110)

2.74%11.24%34.89%39.07%11.38%0.69%

2.84%15.24%40.19%39.12%2.61%0.00%

Sheet1

0.02741603840.0284247927

0.11240575740.1523884722

0.34886908840.4018949862

0.39067854690.3912356889

0.11377655930.02605606

0.00685400960

dBm

Sheet2

Sheet3


New Cell Addition SolutionDE234AB and DE120AC are not designed to cover the Metro.Weak spot is found between DE234C and DE120B.


Floor-Plan of New-Cell DE234D


Floor Plan of Quasi-Sector DE233A


Floor Plan of Antenna-Relocated DE289C


Avoid Unnecessary HandoverAzimuth Adjustment:WE228B ant 130>100DE132A ant 350>320DE132C ant 230>200DE132B ant 120>90WE226B ant 150>120

Neighbor Addition:WE228BDE132ADE127ADE132ADE191ADE132A

Parameter Adjustment:DE120BWE235A:KHYST 5->2

High-Rise BuildingOptimization


High-Rise BuildingPenetration Losses in BuildingsReceived Signals for Different Antenna DowntiltsAntenna Adjustment for High-Rise AreaNew-Uptilted Site Addition with Sidelong InstallmentCoverage Extension using Optical-Repeater


Penetration Losses in BuildingsDifferent Floors of the High-Rise Building are covered by Main-Lobe, Side-Lobe or even Null-point of the Antenna.

And Usually, High-Level Floor is covered by Side-Lobe.

Penetration Losses into Buildings depends on is the type of building material, around 5dB(glass) to 20 dB (Concrete Wall)


Received Signals for Different Antenna Downtilts

Chart1

-70-65-64-62-66

-67-64-62-61-60

-62-63-63-60-61

-69-61-64-64-59

-74-61-60-60-61

-65-62-63-61-59

-62-69-58-59-57

-73-56-53-46-53

-68-64-60-49-50

-67-54-51-45-47

-62-61-55-51-44

-57-55-53-48-46

-49-63-43-50-54

-60-67-58-54-57

-57-60-53-58-59

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet1

WE222C

downtilt 9downtilt 8downtilt 7downtilt 6downtilt 5

32-70-65-64-62-66

32no serviceno serviceno serviceno serviceno service

30-67-64-62-61-60


28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61

23no serviceno serviceno service-72-71

21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet2


32-70-65-64-62-66

32-120-120-120-120-120

30-67-64-62-61-60

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet3


32-70-65-64-62-66

30-67-64-62-61-60

28-62-63-63-60-61

26-69-61-64-64-59

23-74-61-60-60-61

21-65-62-63-61-59

19-62-69-58-59-57

17-73-56-53-46-53

15-68-64-60-49-50

11-67-54-51-45-47

09-62-61-55-51-44

07-57-55-53-48-46

05-49-63-43-50-54

03-60-67-58-54-57

01-57-60-53-58-59

Sheet3

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet4


32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet4

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet7

downtilt 9 downtilt 5 downtilt 9 downtilt 5

32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet5


32-120-120-120-120-120a32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120a28-80-73-74-69-67

28-80-73-74-69-67a23-120-120-120-72-71

26-77-77-79-70-72a19-81-82-79-75-73

23-120-120-120-72-71a15-84-73-63-67-70

21-78-78-83-73-70a09-69-70-67-76-65

19-81-82-79-75-73a05-72-82-60-63-60

17-80-74-74-76-72a01-88-72-63-70-73

15-84-73-63-67-70a

11-74-79-75-67-62a

09-69-70-67-76-65a

07-69-67-67-65-67a

05-72-82-60-63-60a

03-70-57-69-58-54a

01-88-72-63-70-73a

Sheet6


32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet6

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Chart2

-120-120-120-120-120

-120-120-120-120-120

-80-73-74-69-67

-77-77-79-70-72

-120-120-120-72-71

-78-78-83-73-70

-81-82-79-75-73

-80-74-74-76-72

-84-73-63-67-70

-74-79-75-67-62

-69-70-67-76-65

-69-67-67-65-67

-72-82-60-63-60

-70-57-69-58-54

-88-72-63-70-73

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet1

WE222C


32-70-65-64-62-66


30-67-64-62-61-60


28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61


21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet2


32-70-65-64-62-66

32-120-120-120-120-120

30-67-64-62-61-60

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet3


32-70-65-64-62-66

30-67-64-62-61-60

28-62-63-63-60-61

26-69-61-64-64-59

23-74-61-60-60-61

21-65-62-63-61-59

19-62-69-58-59-57

17-73-56-53-46-53

15-68-64-60-49-50

11-67-54-51-45-47

09-62-61-55-51-44

07-57-55-53-48-46

05-49-63-43-50-54

03-60-67-58-54-57

01-57-60-53-58-59

Sheet3

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet4


32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet4

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet7


32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet5


32-120-120-120-120-120a32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120a28-80-73-74-69-67

28-80-73-74-69-67a23-120-120-120-72-71

26-77-77-79-70-72a19-81-82-79-75-73

23-120-120-120-72-71a15-84-73-63-67-70

21-78-78-83-73-70a09-69-70-67-76-65

19-81-82-79-75-73a05-72-82-60-63-60

17-80-74-74-76-72a01-88-72-63-70-73

15-84-73-63-67-70a

11-74-79-75-67-62a

09-69-70-67-76-65a

07-69-67-67-65-67a

05-72-82-60-63-60a

03-70-57-69-58-54a

01-88-72-63-70-73a

Sheet6


32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet6

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Chart1

-70-66-120-120

-67-60-120-120

-62-61-80-67

-69-59-77-72

-74-61-120-71

-65-59-78-70

-62-57-81-73

-73-53-80-72

-68-50-84-70

-67-47-74-62

-62-44-69-65

-57-46-69-67

-49-54-72-60

-60-57-70-54

-57-59-88-73

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet1


32-70-65-64-62-66


30-67-64-62-61-60


28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61


21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet2


32-70-65-64-62-66

32-120-120-120-120-120

30-67-64-62-61-60

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-62-63-63-60-61

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-69-61-64-64-59

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-74-61-60-60-61

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-65-62-63-61-59

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-62-69-58-59-57

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-73-56-53-46-53

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-68-64-60-49-50

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-67-54-51-45-47

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-62-61-55-51-44

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-57-55-53-48-46

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-49-63-43-50-54

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-60-67-58-54-57

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-57-60-53-58-59

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet3


32-70-65-64-62-66

30-67-64-62-61-60

28-62-63-63-60-61

26-69-61-64-64-59

23-74-61-60-60-61

21-65-62-63-61-59

19-62-69-58-59-57

17-73-56-53-46-53

15-68-64-60-49-50

11-67-54-51-45-47

09-62-61-55-51-44

07-57-55-53-48-46

05-49-63-43-50-54

03-60-67-58-54-57

01-57-60-53-58-59

Sheet3

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet4


32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120

28-80-73-74-69-67

26-77-77-79-70-72

23-120-120-120-72-71

21-78-78-83-73-70

19-81-82-79-75-73

17-80-74-74-76-72

15-84-73-63-67-70

11-74-79-75-67-62

09-69-70-67-76-65

07-69-67-67-65-67

05-72-82-60-63-60

03-70-57-69-58-54

01-88-72-63-70-73

Sheet4

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

(dBm)

Sheet7

32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet5


32-120-120-120-120-120a32-120-120-120-120-120

30-120-120-120-120-120a28-80-73-74-69-67

28-80-73-74-69-67a23-120-120-120-72-71

26-77-77-79-70-72a19-81-82-79-75-73

23-120-120-120-72-71a15-84-73-63-67-70

21-78-78-83-73-70a09-69-70-67-76-65

19-81-82-79-75-73a05-72-82-60-63-60

17-80-74-74-76-72a01-88-72-63-70-73

15-84-73-63-67-70a

11-74-79-75-67-62a

09-69-70-67-76-65a

07-69-67-67-65-67a

05-72-82-60-63-60a

03-70-57-69-58-54a

01-88-72-63-70-73a

Sheet6

32-70-66-120-120

30-67-60-120-120

28-62-61-80-67

26-69-59-77-72

23-74-61-120-71

21-65-59-78-70

19-62-57-81-73

17-73-53-80-72

15-68-50-84-70

11-67-47-74-62

09-62-44-69-65

07-57-46-69-67

05-49-54-72-60

03-60-57-70-54

01-57-59-88-73

Sheet6

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

(dBm)


Antenna Adjustment for High-Rise AreaRed-Circled Sites: Servers being more up-tilted.Black-Circled Sites: Interferers being more down-tilted.


Antenna Sidelong-Orientation InstallmentAnntena TypeVetical Beamwidth:9 degreeHorizontal Beamwidth: 65 degreeAnntena Sidelong-orientation InstallmentVetical Beamwidth:65 degree(430m)Horizontal Beamwidth: 9 degree(33m)Uptilt35degreeSidelong Installment Normal Installment


Coverage Extension using Optical-RepeaterUsing the Optical-repeater from a indoor micro cell to extend the coverage. A outdoor panel antenna is installed in the top of building to cover nearby buildings.

Mountainous Region Optimization


Knife Edge GeometryPower Balance EquationsFactors for Cell CoverageSite built on BasinSite built on Highest HillSite built on HighlandAntenna Null Effect ProblemMountainous Region Optimization


Knife Edge GeometryMountain may be modeled as conducting knife edge.Path loss of suburban :


Power Balance EquationsPower balance equationIs a summary (sum) of the gains and losses in the linkGains are positive, losses are negativeTwo power balance equations are used for uplink and downlinkUplink Power Balance Equation

whereLpu is the maximum allowable uplink path loss in dB Lj is the jumper loss in dB


Downlink Power balance equation

whereLpd is the maximum allowable downlink path loss in dBLtf is the BTS transmitter filter loss in dBPb is the setting of the power of the BTS in decibels

Downlink Output Power is 43dBm/45dBm; Uplink Output Power is 33dBm.Without Tower-Mount Amplifier (TMA), Downlink power is set to 43.5dBm to achieve path balance.With Tower-Mount Amplifier, Downlink power is set to 47.3dBm to achieve path balance.XianNing do not employ Tower-Mount Amplifier, after considering other factors like antenna gain. Uplink is the Limiting Path.


Factors for Cell CoverageHeight of Base Station Antenna,Radio Environment and EIRPCell Coverage Radius calculated from Okumura HataR=10, = [Lpathmax A + 13.82logHB + a(HM)]/[44.9-6.55logHB]WhereA = 132.5(Rural) 127.5(suburban) (900MHz)HB= Height of Base Station Antenna (Metre)HM= Height of Mobile (Metre).a(1.5)= 0Lpathmax = EIRP SSdesign


Site built on Basin LocationBTS built on the hill of 53m high plus BTS tower of 20m, 73m in total. Signal are severely blocked due to the continual surroundings of the hills.When changing ACCMIN from -97dBm to -102dBm, the CELL Coveage extended from 4km to 9km.However, Drop Call may increase.Site XN208 Ant view


Red-Colored Route denotes the downlink level from -97dBm to -102dBm.


Site built on the Highest HillBTS built on the highest hill of 153m high. Good Coverage because the surrounding small hills cannot block the signal.Site XN384 Ant view


Good Coverage provided by the site built on the highest hill; less weak coverage spots.


Site built on HighlandSite XN379 Ant viewBTS built on the highest hill of 127m high plus BTS Tower of 20m. Surrounding by Medium-High Hills; some parts of the route are blocked by Medium-High Hills


Good Coverage only for 3km in radius, above -80dBm; Beyond 3km, Medium Hill begins to block the signal.


Antenna Null Effect ProblemXN313A provide above -70dBm within 4km; however, signal gets weaker at near the site (around within 450m) due to the antenna null effect.


Antenna Type:K730367; Vertical Beamwidth:9.5 Degree;Site Height:450m;Downtilt:2Degree;Lower 3-dB Point:3800m.[4501/tg(9.5/2+2)=3800m]

Change:Downtilt:10Degree;Lower 3-dB Point:1700m.Upper 3-dB Point:5000m.MainLobe pointing from 1700m to 5000m.

Water-Region Optimization


Water-Region Optimization

Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model Water-Region Interference ModelChang-Jiang Bridge Optimization


Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model Two-Ray Ground Reflection Modelused for pathloss calculation over the water when the incidence angle is small enough and no obstacle exists between the basestation and the mobile.similar to the case of the propagation over the rural flat area.


Interference ModelThe interference models between water-region and urban ground region are different. In the urban ground area: existence of the obstacles such as buildings, the interference is attenuated quickly due to multiple reflection and diffraction. In the water-region, lots of overshooting interfering signalsco-channel and adjacent interferencehandover disturbance


TechniquesAntenna:Select a cell to be the designed server and then tuning antenna to maximize the signal.Antenna Azimuth-and-Downtilt tuning to get rid of the interfering cells. Frequency : Assign cleaner frequency.HCS-Parameter using GSM1800 cell to cover the bride due to cleaner frequency, K-RANK Parameter KOFFSET and KHYST tuning to control the handover sequence. IDLE MODE Parmeter : CRO,PT and PO tuning to control idle mode selection.Single Neighbor definition To control handover behavior to high site.


Chang-Jiang BridgeAdjusting Antenna Azimuth and Downtilt of DE027C and DE316B to make them handover in the middle of the bridge in order to deliver the best quality and effect.


THANKS!

optimization on four different kinds of radio environment

Documents

metro cabinet

sightlos signal

db metro penetration

average signal strength

sudden signal drop

neighbor addition

buildingsreceived signals

highserving cell