optimize oracle on linux

7/30/2019 Optimize Oracle on Linux

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2008 Quest Software, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Optimizing Oracle ServerPerformance on LINUX

Tips for Maximizing Toad Productivity

OOUG 2009Columbus, OH

July 16th


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Agenda

Apply low hanging fruitfixes to speed up Oracle

performance on Linux

Well look at both database and operating system

level modifications

Goal is simple how can we maximize Oracle

performance on Linux servers!


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3

Bert Scalzo Database Expert & Product Architect for Quest Software

Oracle Background: Worked with Oracle databases for over two decades (starting with version 4) Work history includes time at both Oracle Education and Oracle Consulting

Academic Background: Several Oracle Masters certifications BS, MS and PhD in Computer Science

MBA (general business) Several insurance industry designations

Key Interests: Data Modeling Database Benchmarking Database Tuning & Optimization "Star Schema" Data Warehouses

Oracle on Linux and specifically: RAC on Linux

Articles for: Oracles Technology Network (OTN) Oracle Magazine, Oracle Informant PC Week (eWeek)

Articles for: Dell Power Solutions

Magazine The Linux Journal www.linux.com

www.orafaq.com
http://www.linux.com/http://www.orafaq.com/http://www.orafaq.com/http://www.linux.com/


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4

Books by Bert

Coming in 2009


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Couple of Questions (for both our benefit)

How many people using Where using Linux

Production

Development

Personal Education

Which Linux Distribution

Oracle Enterprise Linux

Redhat Enterprise Server SUSE Linux Enterprise

Other ???


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LINUX Server Popularity

IDC Linux Servers:

Posted 12th consecutive quarter of double-digit growth Year-over-year revenue growth of 45.1% Unit shipments up 32.1% Revenue exceeded $1.4 billion quarterly (will reach 9.1 billion by

2008)

HP was first with 24.3% market share IBM was second with 20.3% market share Customers continue to expand role of Linux servers into an ever

increasing array of workloads in both commercial and technicalsegments of the market

Gartner Linux Servers:

One of hottest applications for Linux is on RDBMS servers Linux was the fastest growing platform for RDBMS past year Enterprises turning to Linux as an alternative for older Unixs


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LINUX Web Popularity

#1 OS !!!

www.netcraft.com/survey/index-200007.html

In Netcrafts July 2000 survey of18,169,498 web sites.
http://www.netcraft.com/survey/index-200007.htmlhttp://www.netcraft.com/survey/index-200007.htmlhttp://www.netcraft.com/survey/index-200007.htmlhttp://www.netcraft.com/survey/index-200007.html


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http://survey.netcraft.com/index-200106.html
http://survey.netcraft.com/index-200106.htmlhttp://survey.netcraft.com/index-200106.htmlhttp://survey.netcraft.com/index-200106.htmlhttp://survey.netcraft.com/index-200106.html


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http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2003/07/index.html
http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2003/07/index.htmlhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2003/07/index.html


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LINUX Gaining Momentum


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LINUX Gaining Momentumhttp://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?ref=g_search&id=414985
http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?ref=g_search&id=414985http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?ref=g_search&id=414985


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Popularity != Performance

Some plausible reasons for this:

Relative newness of the LINUX OS in general

RISC UNIX sys admin unfamiliar with INTEL

INTEL UNIX sys admin unfamiliar with LINUX

Windows based sys admin unfamiliar with UNIX

Oracle, Oracle, Oracle


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Performance Pyramid

Application

DBMS

OS

Hardware

Network


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Our Main Goal

To squeeze all the blood out of our LINUX turnip


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Which LINUX Distribution

SLES-9 10gR2 Certified

Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4 10gR2 Certified

Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3 10gR2 Certified

SLES-9 10g Certified

SLES-8 10g Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4 10g Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3 10g Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 2.1 10g Certified

Red Flag DC Server 4.0 (China Only) 10g Certified

Monta Vista Carrier Grade Linux 3.1 (Embedded) 10g Certified

Miracle Linux Standard Edition 2.1 (Japan only) 10g Certified

Asianux 2.0 10g Certified

Asianux 1.0 10g Certified

UnitedLinux 1.0 9.2 Certified

SLES-9 9.2 Certified

SLES-8 9.2 Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4 9.2 Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3 9.2 Certified

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 2.1 9.2 Certified

Red Flag DC Server 4.0 (China Only) 9.2 Certified

Monta Vista Carrier Grade Linux 3.0 (Embedded) 9.2 Certified

Miracle Linux Standard Edition 2.1 (Japan only) 9.2 Certified

Asianux 1.0 9.2 Certified


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Which LINUX Distributionhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2005/12/05/strong_growth_for_debian.html
http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2005/12/05/strong_growth_for_debian.htmlhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2005/12/05/strong_growth_for_debian.htmlhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2005/12/05/strong_growth_for_debian.htmlhttp://news.netcraft.com/archives/2005/12/05/strong_growth_for_debian.html


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Test Method

TPC benchmark (www.tpc.org)

TPC Benchmark C (TPC-C) is an OLTP workload. It is a mixture of read-only and updateintensive transactions that simulate the activities found in complex OLTP applicationenvironments. It does so by exercising a breadth of system components associated withsuch environments, which are characterized by:

The simultaneous execution of multiple transaction types that span a breadth of

complexity On-line and deferred transaction execution modes Multiple on-line terminal sessions Moderate system and application execution time Significant disk input/output Transaction integrity (ACID properties) Non-uniform distribution of data access through primary and secondary keys Databases consisting of many tables with a wide variety of sizes, attributes, and

relationships Contention on data access and update

Excerpt from TPC BENCHMARK C: Standard Specification, Revision 3.5


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Test Platform

Simulate

200

Users


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Carpenter Needs Tools

Between the hardware, LINUX and Oraclethere

are far too many dependent variables for tuning to

rely merely on human intuition and experience.

Golden Rule #1:Use OS & DB tuning tools!

Golden Rule #2:Dont rely on free tools only!

If your customer or management are willing to buy

more hardware for better performance, then there is

obviously budget for tuning toolspress the issue!

Free is nicebut you often get what you pay for!


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Tools Used

This is not a sales pitchIm a DBA (a.k.a techno-nerd)!

Benchmark Factory

Create, populate and index the test database (200 megs)

Simulate 200 concurrent users via a single or many PCs

LINUX Freebies

Command line utilities: sar, mpstat, iostat, vmstat, linmon, ipcs,

top, free, hdparm, linuxconf, slmon,

X-Windows utilities: gtop, ktop, xload, xosview, kperfmeter,gkrellmm, procmeter, gpowertweak,


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Benchmark Factory - GUI


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Benchmark Factory - Agent


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LINUX cmd toolssar r

01:00:00 PM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbmemshrd kbbuffers kbcached kbswpfree kbswpused %swpused

01:10:00 PM 465132 48128 9.37 0 2708 26136 525288 0 0.00

01:20:00 PM 463352 49908 9.72 0 2784 26732 525288 0 0.0001:30:00 PM 463356 49904 9.72 0 2784 26736 525288 0 0.00

01:40:03 PM 1652 511608 99.67 0 532 18216 447360 77928 14.83

01:50:01 PM 1604 511656 99.68 0 768 17228 369024 156264 29.74

02:00:00 PM 376852 136408 26.57 0 1120 25692 503344 21944 4.17

Average: 295324 217936 42.46 0 1782 23456 482598 42690 8.12

vmstat

procs memory swap io system cpur b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id

0 5 0 122308 1588 440 17492 0 124 145 81 906 338 5 5 90

0 1 0 124608 1588 440 16992 0 230 194 97 1114 435 8 6 86

0 3 0 127132 1588 432 17140 0 253 164 155 992 373 11 5 84

0 1 0 128836 1588 440 17344 0 171 172 88 987 394 8 5 87

0 1 0 130428 1592 468 17024 0 159 189 143 1104 426 11 7 82

0 0 0 132052 1596 460 16940 2 164 181 131 1059 407 7 5 87

0 0 0 133240 1600 444 16508 1 120 166 124 1006 394 8 5 87

0 5 0 134920 1588 452 16596 0 168 138 122 870 344 6 7 87

1 2 0 136800 1592 448 16500 12 190 184 104 1074 419 7 7 86

1 0 0 138400 1600 432 16576 0 160 158 128 991 394 9 6 86

0 1 0 139764 1588 468 16516 0 136 183 135 1086 433 9 6 84

1 0 0 140780 1596 456 16680 5 102 126 65 815 332 9 8 83

1 1 0 141984 1588 444 16756 0 120 157 93 957 388 10 9 81

0 3 0 143044 1588 456 16516 0 106 185 137 1097 441 10 9 81

1 2 0 143944 1588 464 16468 0 90 138 115 899 348 12 7 82

1 2 0 144940 1588 464 16320 2 100 179 133 1099 442 8 8 84

1 1 0 146092 1596 468 16588 0 115 147 82 910 367 8 8 84

0 2 0 146820 1588 460 16416 18 73 135 111 882 338 7 7 86

0 5 0 147580 1588 440 16284 2 76 125 84 841 343 8 6 87

0 2 0 148144 1596 444 15776 0 56 134 89 890 361 6 5 890 0 0 148652 1588 448 15480 0 51 109 47 767 316 7 6 87


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LINUX gui tools


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Here We Go

Work up Performance Pyramid:

Application (TPCno mods)

Database

Operating System

Hardware

Other general benchmarking advice:

Limit to one item per try OS Low Hanging Fruit 1st

DB Low Hanging Fruit 2nd

Easy items before hard stuff


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DB1 - Initial Database Creation

Database Block Size = 2K

SGA Buffer Cache = 64M

SGA Shared Pool = 64M

SGA Redo Cache = 4M

Redo Log Files = 4M

Tablespaces = Dictionary

Test database created via OraclesDatabase Configuration Assistant

Prior to 9i, the tools default settings were

ridiculously lower than these. A novice DBA

or system admin user might use those lower

default values and get much worse results!


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DB2 Increase Buffer Cache & Shared Pool




SGA Redo Cache = 4M

Redo Log Files = 4M



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DB3 Increase Redo Cache & Log Files




SGA Redo Cache = 16M

Redo Log Files = 16M



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DB4 4K Block Size








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DB5 Local Tablespaces





Redo Log Files = 4M

Tablespaces = Local


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DB6 8K Block Size






Tablespaces = Local

Be carefulfor example on RAC setupchoosing larger block size may cause

interconnect overload / hot-spots


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DB7 IO Slaves + Increase Redo Log Files






Tablespaces = Local

INIT.ORA

session_cached_cursors=2

db_block_lru_latches=8

dbwr_io_slaves=4

lgwr_io_slaves=4


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Oracle Modification Results

DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7 DB Final

load time 49.41 48.57 41.39 17.35 15.07 11.42 10.48 10.48% Improved -1.73% -17.35% -138.56% -15.13% -31.96% -8.97% -371.47%

trans/sec 8.15 9.15 10.09 10.18 10.43 10.68 10.72 10.72

% Improved 10.88% 9.33% 0.89% 2.36% 2.42% 0.32% 23.93%


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OS1 IPC + Monolithic Kernel

Kernel = 2.2.14-5smp

Linuxconf = monolithic

Shared memory/usr/src/linux-2.2.16/include/asm/shmparam.h#define SHMMAX 0x13000000

Semaphors/usr/src/linux-2.2.16/include/linux/sem.h#define SEMMNI 100

#define SEMMSL 512

#define SEMMNS (SEMMNI*SEMMSL)

#define SEMOPM 100

#define SEMVMX 32767

Monolithic Kernel - If you compile

everything into the kernel to exactly

match your hardware and thus

make minimal use of modules.


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OS2 Newer Minor Kernel Update

Kernel = 2.2.16-3smp


Shared memory/usr/src/linux-2.2.16/include/asm/shmparam.h#define SHMMAX 0x13000000


#define SEMMSL 512


#define SEMOPM 100



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OS3 Newer Major Kernel Update

Kernel = 2.4.1smp


Shared memory/usr/src/linux-2.4.00/include/linux/shm.h#define SHMMAX 0x13000000


#define SEMMSL 512


#define SEMOPM 128


Edit /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 2147483647

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

The sem values are:

SEMMSL

SEMMNSSEMOPM

SEMMNI

To set w/out a reboot on Redhat:

sysctl -p


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OS4 Newer Minor Kernel Update After Major

Kernel = 2.4.17smp


Shared memory/usr/src/linux-2.4.00/include/linux/shm.h#define SHMMAX 0x13000000


#define SEMMSL 512


#define SEMOPM 128


Edit /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 2147483647

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

The sem values are:

SEMMSL

SEMMNSSEMOPM

SEMMNI

To set w/out a reboot on Redhat:

sysctl -p


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OS5 noatime file attribute

The ext2 file system normally records when a filewas last modified and last accessed. We dont need

to know access time for Oracle files as background

programs open and access the files until shutdown.

chattr +A file_name

chattrR +A directory_name

Edit /etc/fstab

/dev/sda6 / ext2 defaults,noatime 1 1

/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2

/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,owner,ro 0 0

/dev/md0 /u01 ext2 defaults,noatime

1 2/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,owner 0 0

none /proc proc defaults,noatime 0 0

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

/dev/sda5 swap swap defaults,noatime 0 0

Actually, this can be done onWindows server as well!

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Sy

stem\CurrentControlSet\Control\

FileSystem

NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate=1


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OS6 bdflush rate for VM

The bdflush file is closely related to the operation ofthe virtual memory (VM) subsystem of the Linux

kernel and also has a little influence on disk usage.

Default = "40 500 64 256 500 3000500 1884 2"

Redhat 6.1

echo 100 1200 128 512 15 500 1884 2 > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush

Redhat 6.2 (edit /etc/sysctl.conf)

vm.bdflush = 100 1200 128 512 15 5000 500 1884 2

Restart daemon

/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart

1st

parm is max # of dirty buffers incache. Higher = delayed disk writes.

2nd parm is max # of dirty buffers per

write. Higher = delayed, bursty I/O.

3rd parm is # of buffers added tolist of free buffers by refill_freelist.

4th parm refill_freelist comesacross more than nref_dirt dirtybuffers, it will wake up bdflush.

5th parm is max time Linux waitsbefore writing dirty buffers to disk

for data blocks.6th parm is max time Linux waitsbefore writing dirty buffers to diskfor file system metadata.


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LINUX Modification Results

DB1 DB Final OS1 OS2 OS3 OS4 OS5 OS6 OS7 OS Final Totalload time 49.41 10.48 9.54 9.40 8.32 8.20 5.58 4.43 3.80 3.80 3.80

% Improved -371.47% -9.85% -1.49% -12.98% -1.46% -46.95% -25.96% -16.58% -151.05% -1200.26%

trans/sec 8.15 10.72 11.51 11.52 12.82 12.90 13.88 14.99 20.51 20.51 20.51

% Improved 23.93% 6.90% 0.10% 10.09% 0.66% 7.09% 7.37% 26.92% 43.88% 60.25%


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Presenters:

Bert Scalzo: [email protected]

Questions and Answers

Note: these slides should be available on OOUG web site, but

well also make sure to post them on our companys web site:

www.toadworld.com/Experts/BertScalzosToadFanaticism/tabid/318/Default.aspx

Thank You
mailto:[email protected]://www.toadworld.com/Experts/BertScalzosToadFanaticism/tabid/318/Default.aspxhttp://www.toadworld.com/Experts/BertScalzosToadFanaticism/tabid/318/Default.aspxmailto:[email protected]

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