optisworks 2011 sp1 - optical design user guide - optis...

OptisWorks Optical Design

2011 SP1

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Table Of Contents OptisWorks Toolbars ................................................................................................... 1

Toolbar available for a part ....................................................................................... 1

The "OptisWorks Optical properties" toolbar ............................................................. 1

Toolbars available for part and assembly .................................................................... 2

The "OptisWorks Editors" toolbar ............................................................................ 2

The "OptisWorks Optical design and Laser" toolbar .................................................... 2

The "OptisWorks Viewers" toolbar ........................................................................... 3

The "OptisWorks Tools" toolbar ............................................................................... 3

Toolbars available for assembly ................................................................................. 3

The "OptisWorks Detectors" toolbar ......................................................................... 4

The "OptisWorks Ray tracing" toolbar ...................................................................... 4

The "OptisWorks Simulation" toolbar ....................................................................... 5

The "OptisWorks additional features" toolbar ............................................................ 5

The "OptisWorks 3D view" toolbar ........................................................................... 5

OptisWorks Menus ...................................................................................................... 6

OptisWorks menus for a part ..................................................................................... 6

Main menu ........................................................................................................... 6

Menus specific for a part ........................................................................................ 6

OptisWorks menus for common for part and assembly ............................................... 6

OptisWorks menus for an assembly ............................................................................ 8

Main menu ........................................................................................................... 8

Menus specific for an assembly ............................................................................... 8

OptisWorks feature manager ...................................................................................... 11

OptisWorks feature manager for a part ..................................................................... 11

OptisWorks feature manager for an assembly ............................................................ 11

Assembly ........................................................................................................... 12

Simulations ........................................................................................................ 12

Light Expert ....................................................................................................... 13

Result manager .................................................................................................. 13

Optimization / tolerancing Parameters ................................................................... 13

Preferences .............................................................................................................. 14

Part preferences .................................................................................................... 14

"Default Optical Properties" .................................................................................. 15

Table Of Contents

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"Geometry precision of the tesselation".................................................................. 16

"Anisotropy axis" ................................................................................................ 16

"Assembly preferences" located in the "Simulations" tree ............................................ 17

Simulation parameters ......................................................................................... 17

Direct simulation ................................................................................................. 20

Inverse simulation............................................................................................... 20

Interactive simulation .......................................................................................... 20

Library path ....................................................................................................... 20

Getting Started Optical Design ................................................................................... 24

Getting Started - Binoculars ....................................................................................... 38

Getting Started Optical Optimization ........................................................................... 70

Creating an Optical Design System ............................................................................. 79

Optical Design and Calculation ................................................................................... 80

Optical Design System .............................................................................................. 82

Optical sources ...................................................................................................... 82

Description ......................................................................................................... 82

Type of source .................................................................................................... 84

Optical Surfaces..................................................................................................... 91

Description ......................................................................................................... 91

Type of optical element ........................................................................................ 91

How to use optical surfaces with SolidWorks configurations? .................................... 96

Optical sequences .................................................................................................. 97

Sequence detection ............................................................................................. 97

The 3D sketch .................................................................................................. 101

Ray Tracing with an Optical Source ........................................................................ 103

How to create a ray tracing with an Optical Source? .............................................. 103

Ray tracing ON ................................................................................................. 104

Optical Calculation ............................................................................................... 105

Description ....................................................................................................... 105

The paraxial calculation ..................................................................................... 105

Spot diagram .................................................................................................... 109

Real aberrations ................................................................................................ 112

Real aberrations coefficients ............................................................................... 113

Asymmetry and Symmetry ................................................................................. 116

Astigmatism and Curvature ................................................................................ 118

OptisWorks 2011 SP1 - Optical Design User Guide

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Wavefront / MTF / PSF ....................................................................................... 120

Optimization .......................................................................................................... 124

Description.......................................................................................................... 124

Optimization Parameters .................................................................................... 124

Optimization variables definition ............................................................................ 127

Optical variables ............................................................................................... 127

Mechanical variables .......................................................................................... 129

Optimization target definition ................................................................................ 131

Optical target ................................................................................................... 132

Optimization procedure......................................................................................... 134

Performance .......................................................................................................... 137

Multi-threading within OptisWorks ............................................................................ 137

Check that Multithreading is running ......................................................................... 138

Without multithreading: Number of threads = 1 ...................................................... 138

With multithreading: Number of threads = 4 ........................................................... 138

Files Management Recommendations ........................................................................ 140

Other questions ...................................................................................................... 141

Luminance simulation with XMP Map Post-processing: .............................................. 141

What are the used vocabulary for photometry and radiometry units? ......................... 142

What is the version of the SolidWorks files used in OptisWorks Studio projects? .......... 142

Known Problems ..................................................................................................... 143

Known Problem ................................................................................................. 143

Bypass ............................................................................................................. 143

Sources ........................................................................................................... 143

Optical Properties .............................................................................................. 143

Detectors ......................................................................................................... 144

Simulations ...................................................................................................... 144

Ray tracing ....................................................................................................... 145

Multi-configuration ............................................................................................ 145

Automation ...................................................................................................... 145

Miscellaneous ................................................................................................... 145

Set up ............................................................................................................. 148

Documentation ................................................................................................. 149

Limitations ............................................................................................................. 149

Limitations ....................................................................................................... 149

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Sources ........................................................................................................... 149

LCD Component ................................................................................................ 149

Detectors ......................................................................................................... 149

Simulation ........................................................................................................ 149

Miscellaneous ................................................................................................... 149

Optical Design and Laser Propagation .................................................................. 150

1

GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE

OptisWorks Toolbars

This page shows all OptisWorks toolbars available.

The OptisWorks graphic user interface is composed of toolbars, menus and an OptisWorks feature manager.

To be sure to see all of those, check if they are all toolbars enable in the "View\Toolbars" menu.

Toolbars are displayed belong to if a part or an assembly is opened. When opening a part these toolbars are displayed.

Toolbar available for a part

The "OptisWorks Optical properties" toolbar

o This toolbar is used:

o To set the surface quality.


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o To set the internal and external material.

o To define ray file source.

o To define a geometry as a surface source.

o To define a geometry as a thermic surface source.

o To define a geometry as a thermic volume source.

o To manage the sources.

o To define the preferences for the part.

o To display and update the tessellation used by the simulation for the part.

"Tessellation": If one part is selected the "Tessellation" icon from the "Simulation" toolbar is disabled and the "Tessellation" icon from the "Optical Properties" toolbar displays the tessellation of the part selected. Otherwise the "Tessellation" icon of the "Optical Properties" toolbar is disabled and the "Tessellation" icon of the "Simulation" toolbar displays the tessellation of the assembly.

Toolbars available for part and assembly

The "OptisWorks Editors" toolbar


o To create a new surface quality.

o To define different surface quality.

o To create a new material.

o To run the Glass Map Viewer.

o To create a new spectrum definition.

The "OptisWorks Optical design and Laser" toolbar


o To create a new lens.

o To import an optical system.

o To define an optical source.

Graphic User Interface

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o To detect an optical sequence automatically.

o To calculate different parameter of the optical system.

o To generate the 3D sketch.

o To define a laser source.

o For laser and Gaussian propagation.

The "OptisWorks Viewers" toolbar


o To run different OPTIS Labs.

o To display the OPTIS Labs Online Help.

The "OptisWorks Tools" toolbar

"Customer Portal"

"Online Library"

"Online Upgrade"

"OptisWorks Homepage"

"License Portal"

"Online Support"

Toolbars available for assembly

When opening an assembly these toolbars are displayed.

http://www.optis-world.com/login.htm�

http://www.optis-world.com/libraries.asp�

http://www.optis-world.com/downloads.asp�

http://www.optis-world.com/OPTISWORKS/optisworks_cooperative.htm�

http://www.optis-world.com/licences.asp�

http://www.optis-world.com/help_desk.asp�


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The "OptisWorks Detectors" toolbar


o To define illuminance, rays map and luminance detectors.

o To define an intensity detector and a polar intensity detector.

o To edit faces involved in the Surface contribution analyzer.

o To edit faces included in the 3D Map detector.

o To define a 3D Energy Density detector.

The "OptisWorks Ray tracing" toolbar


o To toggle between photometric or interactive sources.

o To define an interactive source for the ray tracing.

o To show, hide, update the ray tracing.

o To edit the ray tracing filtering with required or rejected faces.


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The "OptisWorks Simulation" toolbar


o To run a direct or inverse simulation.

o To run an optimization or a tolerancing.

o To run a multi configuration simulation.

o To run a ray file post-processing for XMP map or for Intensity distribution.

o To hide or display the simulation progress bar and to stop the simulation for multi-threading management.

o To set the simulation priority above or below normal.

The "OptisWorks additional features" toolbar


o To create a new LCD Component.

o To create a new Ambient source.

o To create a new Display source.

o To export pattern definition for 3D texture.

o To create a new 3D texture.

The "OptisWorks 3D view" toolbar


o To hide/show XMP results in the 3D view.

o To hide/show XM3 results in the 3D view.

o To update and display the tessellation used by the simulation for this assembly.


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OptisWorks Menus

This page shows all OptisWorks menus available. To be able to see them, select the "OptisWorks" menu.


Menus are different belong if a part or an assembly is opened.

OptisWorks menus for a part

Opening a part, this is OptisWorks menu available.

Main menu

Menus specific for a part

Optical design

Part preferences

OptisWorks menus for common for part and assembly

New optical properties definition


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Optical properties settings

Additional features

3D view

OPTIS Labs


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Tools

OptisWorks menus for an assembly

Main menu

Menus specific for an assembly

Detectors definition


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Ray tracing

Simulations


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Optical design

3D Texture

LCD component


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OptisWorks feature manager

This page shows how is configured the OptisWorks feature manager.


The OptisWorks feature manager is an additional panel to the others from SolidWorks. This panel is different for a part or for an assembly.

OptisWorks feature manager for a part

The OptisWorks feature manager for a part allows you to open surface quality, materials, sources and optical surfaces.

OptisWorks feature manager for an assembly


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The OptisWorks feature manager for an assembly is composed of four parts:

Assembly

A list of all Optical Properties: 3D Textures, LCD Component, Surface Quality, Material, Sources, Optical Surfaces, Detectors, Optical Systems and Default part preferences.

For the Optical Design and Laser packages the definition of the optical systems is also available. This part also includes the preferences of all SolidWorks parts included in the assembly.

Simulations

A list for the Simulations: Simulation parameters, Direct simulation, Inverse simulation and Interactive simulation.


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Light Expert

A list for the Light Expert: Light Path Finder, Ray Tracing Filtering and Surface Contribution Analyzer.

Result manager

A list of results provided by the simulations (OptisWorks result manager): Photometric results, Optical results, Laser results, Tolerancing / Optimization results, Interactive simulation results.

Optimization / tolerancing Parameters

The list of Optimization and Tolerancing parameters: Optimization / Tolerancing Parameters and Targets, Tolerancing and Optimization.


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Preferences

This page describes the preferences.

You can define some preferences which are stored in each assembly or part file.

o In the part you can define the tessellation and the default optical properties.

o In the assembly you can define the simulation and results preferences.

Part preferences

You can edit the part preferences directly in the part with the "Preferences" icon. You can also select a part in the folder "Default part preferences" of the OptisWorks features manager then select the "Preferences" icon.

The "Part preferences" panel is available with the "Part preferences" icon available in the "OptisWorks Optical properties" toolbar.

The panel is also available by right clicking on "Part preferences" in the OPTIS tree of a part.

When no files are opened it is also possible to check the "Default Part Optical


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Preferences" from the "OptisWorks" menu.

"Default Optical Properties"

"Default Optical Properties" allows you defining the default surface quality and materials of your system. The "Glass" button allows you to switch from starting the glass catalogue viewer:


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"Geometry precision of the tesselation"

"Geometry precision of the tesselation" allows you defining the geometry precision for the calculation kernel.

Max facet width (mm)

The first option corresponds to a maximum for the length of the facets edges of the tessellation.

The use of "Max facet width" should be done with precaution. If you try to use a small value for this parameter with an assembly of a large size this could generate a large tessellation and your computer should have not enough memory. For example 1 millimeter for this parameter is not appropriate with an assembly of about 1 meter.

Deflection (mm)

The second option corresponds to a maximum for the distance between the real surface and the facets of the tessellation. It is better to use the first option when you want to calculate a 3D map.

"Anisotropy axis"

"Anisotropy axis" allows you defining the axis system of a gradient index material (axial model) or a three axis birefringent material. There are two ways to define axis of birefringent materials:

o Using "Anisotropic axis" axis system definition - to avoid creating one material per axis system.

o Leaving "Anisotropic axis" information blank. The default axis system (Ox, Oy, Oz)


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is then used by the birefringent materials.

"Assembly preferences" located in the "Simulations" tree

The assembly preferences can be set up in the Simulations tree.

Simulation parameters


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Save and update maps during calculation every


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Periodic save during simulations can be modified.

Propagation

Ambient material

The ambient material (AIR by default).

Propagation epsilon

After an intersection on geometry, rays are propagated of this value in mm so that on the next step the same face will be not detected as intersection between ray and geometry.

Propagation epsilon value is limited to 10E-10 m. For 3D texture, propagation epsilon value between 10E-5 and 10E-6 m is recommended.

Maximum impact

After this number of interactions, the ray will be considered as absorbed.

Stop propagation if photon energy is <

During the propagation the photon energy is modified according to the absorption of the surface qualities and the materials. When the photon energy is less than this value, photons are considered as absorbed.

Smart Engine parameter

This parameter is used by the Smart Engine (which speeds up all the calculations with meshed geometry) and should be modified with precaution. The default value should work fine for all systems. In some cases you could increase the value of this parameter to speed up the simulation. More the parameter is higher, more the initialization takes time and takes memory. However after that simulations are quicker until a certain value (13 or 14).

Multi-threading

The "Multi-threading" option allows you to set the number of threads for simulation. It detects automatically the number of threads available on your computer. It is the default value.

Default filtering for non Spectral map

This option defines the default filter applied on each non spectral generated map. The filtering algorithm modify the value of each pixel with the values of its neighbors. "Value" is equivalent to "Pass number" in Virtual Photometric Lab and


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Virtual Human Vision Lab XMP filtering. 0 value means "No filtering".

Default filtering for Spectral map

This option defines the default filter applied on each spectral generated map.

o None: no filtering.

o Standard: see "Default filtering for non Spectral map".

o Remove highest peaks: removes high values that could be present on very noisy maps. If the value of a pixel is "Treshold" number of time higher or lower than the average value of its neighbors, a median filtering is applied to the pixel.

Using "Remove highest peaks", "Treshold" value is set by default to 4 and "Value" corresponds to "Pass number" in Virtual Photometric Lab and Virtual Human Vision Lab.

Direct simulation

See the "Creating a "Direct Simulation"" page.

Inverse simulation

See the "Creating a "Inverse Simulation"" page.

Interactive simulation

See the "Ray tracing" chapter.

o Simulation folders are available per SolidWorks configuration.

o A right-click allows you to edit, delete, suppress or unsuppress the item.

Library path

possible to define the Directory Preferences in the Labs, then shortcuts in OptisWorks use these rences. Note that network path can be used and that it is better to close OptisWorks while

ng the path within the Labs.


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GETTING STARTED

Getting Started Optical Design

This getting started shows how to use "Optical Design".

Optical Design package is required.

30 min.

1. Go on OPTIS website: www.optis-world.com.

Access the Portal using your login and password.

In the "Libraries" section, go to the library pages of OptisWorks (Add-In or Studio). Search for Materials as library type. We are looking for Schott Optical Glasses.

http://www.optis-world.com/�

Getting Started

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Download the library and unzip it.

2. Create a new folder where the project will be saved and add within it a new folder named "Input".

Open the unzipped Schott Optical Glasses library. In "SPS_Lib_Material_Schott_OpticalGlasses_6695\Glasses" you will find "BK7.material". Copy this file and paste it in the "Input" folder.

3. Create a new part and click on the lens creation icon . The property manager window allows you to input lens parameters.


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Change the surface 1 diameter to 20mm, the surface 2 diameter to 20mm and the thickness to 5mm. Validate. A sketch is then automatically created in the part and a revolution function applied.

Getting Started

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4. Click on the "Part Preferences" icon and browse to change the internal material for "BK7.material" in the "Input" folder.


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5. Save this new part, create a new assembly and insert the lens. Make sure it has the position (0, 0 ,0). Update the assembly to add the optical surfaces corresponding to the lens in the OptisWorks tree.

6. Create a 3D sketch with two points that will be used to define optical sources.

The first point indicates the source position : (0, 0, 15)

The second point indicates the source orientation : (0, 5, 15)

7. Click on the source definition button to define an optical source . Select "Point-to-point source" and choose the first point of the 3D sketch as point source position. The point of the lens sketch showed below defines the target point and is used to calculate the emission direction of this source. Validate.

Getting Started

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8. Select the "Pt-to-pt" source in the OptisWorks tree.

Click on the "Automatic detection" icon to define an optical sequence.


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The ray is emitted from the position point in direction of the target point. Each face intersected by this ray will be used to define a new optical sequence.

This new sequence (System1) is added in the "Optical Systems" tree.

9. Click on the icon to define a new optical source that is going to be a "Collimated source". Validate.

Getting Started

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10. Drag and drop this new source in the optical sequence.

Select the system created in the Optical system tree (here it is "System1") and click on the

Ray tracing button .

Getting Started

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11. Create in a new part a 20 x 20 mm rectangular surface that will be used to define a detector in OptisWorks.

12. Insert this new part in the assembly and position it at (0, 0, -30).

13. Use the rectangular surface to define a detector by clicking on the icon.


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Getting Started

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14. Update the project. Drag and drop the detector in the "Detectors" part of the optical sequence.

Note here that if you already have a defined detector, the "Automatic detection" will include it in the detector section.

15. Start a new ray tracing with the system selected.


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With the optical system still selected, click on the Spot diagram calculation icon . The spot diagram viewer showing the spot at the detector position appears.

In the spot diagram viewer, click on the "Best focus" button to calculate the position corresponding to the smallest spot. It gives -18.8461. It is the length to move the detector to place it in the best focus position.

16. Select the detector part and move it to the position (0, 0, -48.8461). Start a new ray

tracing with the system selected. The detector is now correctly positioned.

Getting Started

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Getting Started - Binoculars

This getting started shows how to use "Optical Design" with the "Binoculars" example.

Optical Design package, LM2 package and COL option.

1h30 min.

1. Launch the "binocular.sldasm" assembly from the "...\OPTIS\Help\Getting Started OptisWorks\Optical design\Binoculars" folder.

A disk surface have been added corresponding to a virtual source and a rectangular surface corresponding to virtual detector.

2. The first thing to do is to define the rectangular surface as a detector inside OptisWorks.

Click on the following icon in the OptisWorks toolbar . The property manager for the detector definition is displayed. You have to select the rectangular surface and click on the ”Validate” button.

Getting Started

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A Photometric detector is added in the OptisWorks tree:

3. Then, you have to define properties of the optical source. Click on the ”Optical source”

button in the OptisWorks toolbar. The property manager is started allowing to define properties of the optical source. The point-to-point source allows you to calculate automatically a sequence corresponding to the most probably optical system you wish to simulate.

Getting Started

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You have to select two points in the assembly:

o The point corresponding to the position of the source, here you can select the point in the centre of the disk surface,

o The target point allowing to define the emission direction of the source, a vector is computed from the position point to the target point to define this direction,


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Select the ”r;Point-to-point source” and click on the ”Validate” button with default parameters.

The Point-to-point source is added in the OptisWorks tree.

4. We will define another type of source for further calculations. Click on the ”r;Optical

source” button . Now, select a ”r;Collimated source”. You can change the defaults parameters to: Xmin = -7; Xmax = 7; Ymin = 0; Ymax = 0. Select the same points like the point-to-point source for the position point and the target point. Collimated source needs a third point corresponding to the X axis of the source.

Getting Started

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Click on the Spectrum button to change the wavelength used with this source:

It is possible to add several wavelength with the add button. You can select here only 650 nm for this tutorial. Click on ”r;OK” Button and ”r;Validate” to close the property manager. The collimated source is added in the OptisWorks tree.

5. Now, in the OptisWorks tree, select the point-to-point source and click on

the ”r;Automatic detection” button in the OptisWorks toolbar .

Getting Started

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OptisWorks will propagate the ray defined by the point-to-point source in the assembly. This ray will be propagated in the system according to the surface quality and the material defined for each part of the system. When intersecting a surface, OptisWorks will calculate the higher probability for the ray to be specular transmitted or specular reflected.


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The property manager to define the optical sequence is displayed with the order of the intersected surfaces in the assembly. You can choose the collimated source in the ”r;Selected source” area. The calculated sequence is added in the OptisWorks tree in the Optical system item. You can find the description of all elements used in the sequence: source, surfaces, detector.

6. Now select the name of the generated sequence, here it s ”r;System1” and click on the

ray tracing button . The optical propagation in the selected sequence is displayed.

Getting Started

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You can make a cut section in the system to see the ray propagation inside the assembly. This collimated source allows you to estimate quickly the behavior of the system.


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7. To start optical calculations, you have to use an ”r;Object source”. Click on the optical

source button to add a new source. In the property manager, select position point and target point. Click on the ”r;Infinite object source”, it corresponds to object source using collimated rays. Change the value of the ”Size of half field” to 4 degrees.

Getting Started

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Click on the ”r;Spectrum” button to change the current wavelength.

Select the current wavelength and click on the ”True color” button to change the color of rays in the ray tracing. Click on the ”OK” button and validate button. The new ”Infinite object” source is added in the OptisWorks tree. 8. You can select it and make a Drag & Drop to the ”Sources” item in the ”System1” sequence.

Getting Started

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Now, the source used in the current sequence is the ”Object source”. You can make a ray tracing with this new source by selecting one item in the current sequence. The ray tracing is calculated for 3 positions of the source in the object field (4 degrees).


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9. Now, it is possible to start optical calculations. With one item of the current sequence

selected, click on the ”Paraxial calculation” button in the OptisWorks toolbar. The paraxial data calculation allows you to compute the focal length and the back focal length of the current sequence.

10. It is possible to compute the Wavefront of this sequence. You can click on

the ”Wavefront, PSF, MTF calculation” button . You need to select one item on an optical sequence to enable all optical calculation buttons. The following dialog box allows you to input calculation parameters. Here, two methods are available to compute the PSF and the MTF of the system. The first one is based on the diffraction properties of the system and the second one on the size of a geometric spot in the detector plane. We choose here the second method with an image size of 3 mm.

Getting Started

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Click on the "OK" button and the Wavefront is calculated and displayed.

11. Now, it s possible to modify parameters of the object source to change the current field. Select the "Infinite object" source in the sequence definition and with a right click, select "Edit".


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In the property manager, click on the field button to modify selected fields. You can select here only "0.70" which corresponds to 70 % of the total field.

A ray tracing allows you to see the ray propagation with this current field.

12. Now, by clicking on the ”Spot diagram” button , it is possible to calculate the intersection of all rays in the system with the detector plane.

Getting Started

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13. Now that the optical calculation module have been used to estimate the quality of the system, it s possible to compute the real propagation in the optical system taking in account multiple reflection and non sequential propagation. For this, we will use the photometric source corresponding to the disk surface in front of the binocular. Click on the ray tracing

button with this photometric source selected in the OptisWorks tree.


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With this ray tracing, we can see ghost rays in the detector map . A photometric simulation allows you to estimate the impact of these ghost rays. Click on the ”Photometric simulation”

button. The simulation dialog box is displayed, you can change the number of emitted rays to 10 millions rays or less depending on your computer speed. Click on the ”OK” button to start the simulation.

At the end of the simulation, the name of the generated map is added in the ”Illuminance / Irradiance results” ”2D maps”.

Getting Started

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14. It is possible to change the type of simulation by editing the photometric detector. Select the detector in the OptisWorks tree and right click to edit it.

In the property manager, click on the ”Define” button and select ”True color” mode.


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Click on the ”OK” button and ”Validate” button. Restart a new simulation. At the end of the

Getting Started

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simulation, a new map is added in the ”result manager” tree. Double click on the new item to display the map.

We can see a colored ring on the map corresponding to these ghost rays. Click on

the ”r;Level” button to change the maximum displayed value in the map .


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Chromatic aberrations can be seen in this ring. It s possible to see another bright disk corresponding to another reflection in the optical system. The ray tracing allows you to see that the colored ring comes from the refraction of rays on the edge of the last lens.

Getting Started

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15. To be sure that it s this face which is responsible of the ring, we will open the part corresponding to this lens and change the optical property of this face. Open the part ”binoculars_lens3.sldprt”.


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Select the side face and click on the ”Set surface quality” button . Click on the ”Browse” button and select the file ”absorption100.simplescattering”. This surface quality corresponds to a 100% absorbing surface.

Close the property manager and close the part to save this modification. Update the

assembly and restart a new ray tracing .

Getting Started

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We can see here that a great number of previous rays responsible of the ring have disappeared. A new simulation allows you to compute the new irradiance map.


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16. Now that the first ring have been removed, we will try to study an internal reflection in the second doublet. First, open the file ”binoculars_lens4.sldprt”. You can open it by right clicking in the ”Default part preferences” tree in the OptisWorks tree.

Getting Started

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In this part, we will change the default surface quality of this lens. Click on the ”Define the

preferences” button . In the part preferences dialog box, select the page corresponding to the ”Default optical properties”.

Click on the ”Browse” button of the ”Surface quality” and select ”T50%_R50%.SCATTERING” file. Click on the ”OK” button and close the part. It s a 50 % transmission and 50% reflection surface quality. This surface quality allows you to calculate internal reflection with the optical propagation.

17. Repeat this operation with the ”binoculars_lens3.sldprt” file.

18. Now, we have to modify the optical sequence to change the propagation order. In the Optical system tree, you can see the last three surfaces corresponding to the second doublet.


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We will try to study an new sequence. If we use the face number of the previous image, we will try to input a sequence 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 instead of classic sequence 1 2 3. It means that we wish to have a first reflection on the last surface of the system and a second reflection on the first surface of this doublet.

To do this, you have to drag and drop items in the sequence tree. Select the 5th element in the ”r;Optical surfaces” tree. Click on the ”Ctrl” button and keep it pressed when dragging and dropping on the last element.

Getting Started

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You will see that the surface have been duplicated after the last element. If the ”r;Control” button is not kept pressed, then the surface will be moved instead of duplicated. Repeat this operation to obtain the following sequence.

Then select the optical source in the tree and click on the ray tracing button . The optical ray tracing is displayed with this new sequence.


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When zooming on the second doublet, you can see the internal propagation inside the doublet with a first reflection on the last face of the doublet and a second reflection on the first face of the doublet.

Getting Started

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Getting Started Optical Optimization

This getting started shows how to use "Optical Design" with the "Binoculars" example.

Optical Design package and OPTIM2 option are required.

30 min.

1. From the OptisWorks software, click on "Open".

2. Load the "telescope.SLDASM" file from "...\OPTIS\Help\Getting Started OptisWorks\Optimization\Telescope".

3. In the "OptisWorks" tree, different sources and optical surfaces are present.

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1.

4. If you click on the "Ray tracing" button, you will get a photometric ray tracing

. To get an optical design ray tracing, select the "Infinite object source" from the "Optical Systems" tree.


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5. Then press the "Ray tracing" button.

1.

To observe the rays inside, click right on the telescope and select "Hide". To undo, go to the "FeatureManager design tree" and click right on the "telescope" and click on "Show".

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1.

6. Click again on the "Infinite object source" in the "OptisWorks" tree and launch a spot

diagram :

The diameter of the spot located in "result manager\Optical results"" will be used as a target of the optimization. Drag and drop the diameter parameter as shown below.


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1.

The target of the spot diameter is 8.8 mm:

7. SolidWorks driving dimension corresponding to the distance between the eyepiece and the optical axe of the telescope will be used to define the optimization variable. To do so, double

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click on the 3D sketch in the FeatureManager design tree.

1.

When the driving dimension is displayed, select in the OptisWorks tree "Mechanical variables" in the «Optimization parameters» tree then right-click. Select «Add parameters» menu.

In the property manager, select the driving dimension (195 mm). Then, the name of the driving dimension is selected.


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To define the minimum and maximum values for this variable, select it and right-click to edit the parameter. Minimum needs to be set to 185 and maximum to 205mm.

8. The variable and optimization target are chosen, the optimization process can be started. First, the optical sequence must be selected then, you can click on the "Optimization" icon

. The progress dialog box is displayed.

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9. After having replaced the mechanical variable by the best solution, the following result is obtained:


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FEATURES

Creating an Optical Design System

Optical Design Package

Optical Sources

Optical Surfaces

Optical Sequence

Ray tracing with an optical source

Optical Calculation


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Optical Design and Calculation

This page describes Optical Design and Calculation.

OptisWorks / OD is a package created for optical design and analysis.

With this package, it is possible to:

o Define optical components like lenses or mirrors automatically in SolidWorks.

o Define optical sources for ray tracing and calculation.

o Define optical sequences for the simulation and the propagation.

Optical calculations available are: paraxial calculation, aberrations, spot diagram, Wavefront, MTF, PSF.

This package is based on the OptisWorks principle : when a system is defined, it s necessary to apply optical properties like material and surface quality. An automatic detection tool allows you to define an optical sequence quickly. When an optical source is defined, it s possible to display optical ray tracing and to calculate optical results.

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Optical Design System

Optical sources

This page describes Optical sources.

Description

Optical sources are the optical design package basic sources. In order to start an optical simulation or an optical ray tracing, you need to define an optical source. For example, you can define an object source. This source allows you to define parameters like the field or the wavelength used for optical calculation. It is also possible to define another sources for the ray tracing:

o Collimated source.

o Point source.

o Point-to-point source.

How to define an optical source

You can add an optical source with:

o The optical source button in the optical design toolbar .

o The menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Define optical source.

Source definition

When you try to add or to edit an optical source, a property manager window is displayed.

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You have to fill the name of the source, select 2 points in the assembly, and select the type of source. All these parameters are common parameters for all optical sources.

Source name

It is the name used in the OptisWorks tree.

Points definition

OptisWorks needs to define 2 or 3 points depending on the type of the source.

The position is defined with the first point which is called "Position". The emission direction of the source is defined with the second point named "Target". This second point allows you to compute a vector coming from the Position point to the target


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point. This vector allows you to define the emission direction of the optical source. The third point is necessary in the case of X and Y axis definition in the source. It allows you to compute the X axis of the source.

You can use only SolidWorks points coming from 2D or 3D sketch in the assembly.

When you select these 3 points in the assembly, a label is added in the 3D view.

The point-to-point source needs only 2 points.

Type of source

The Point-to-point source

The point-to-point source corresponds to a user defined source because the ray will be emitted from the Position point to the Target Point.

You just have to input the wavelength for this ray.

The collimated source

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This source corresponds to a infinite distance source. This source is defined by its size defined by Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax and its incident angle on the first surface of the optical system: Angle X and Angle Y.

It s possible to input the same value for the min value and max value to obtain an emission on a straight line.

The number of ray corresponds to the total ray number for the ray tracing.

Wavelength used for propagation and simulation can be modified in the wavelength


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list. You have to left click for selecting or deselecting a wavelength. A simple click on the wavelength allows you to change its value. "Add" and "Remove" button allows you to increase or decrease the number of wavelength in the source.

By clicking on the colored button in the list, it s possible to define the color of rays in ray tracing.

By clicking on the "True Color" button , the color corresponding to each wavelength becomes true color.

The point source

This source corresponds at a finite distance source from a point source. The emission angle from this source can be defined with angle Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax.

The object source

The object source is a type of source allowing to define a real object source which will be used for optical calculation like paraxial calculation or Wavefront. Object source is defined by its position (finite distance or infinite distance), the size of field and the number of rays.

The finite object source

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The size of field here corresponds to the half field in mm.

This parameter is used to compute paraxial calculation, real aberrations or Wavefront / MTF / PSF

The infinite object source

The size of field here corresponds to the half field in degrees.

This parameter is used to compute paraxial calculation, real aberrations or Wavefront / MTF / PSF.


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When clicking on the "Field" button , it allows you to switch from electing the fields used for the ray tracing and for the real aberrations calculation.

When a source is defined, it s possible to edit it by right clicking on the source item.

Select "Edit" and it will be possible to modify parameters of the source but it s not possible to change the name or the type of the current source.

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Optical Surfaces

This page describes Optical Surfaces.

Description

Optical surfaces allow you to define optical components involved in optical calculation. It s possible to define components like lenses or mirrors. These components are defined into SolidWorks parts. These components can be used for one particular reason. It allows you to define quickly a lens for example with mathematical definition (curvature radius, conic constant, aspheric coefficients). This feature allows you to calculate the intersection of a ray with the mathematical definition; it s faster and more accurate. These components are available when defining a SolidWorks part with two methods:

o By the icon in the optical design toolbar.

o By the "OptisWorks / Optical design / Create a new lens " menu.

Type of optical element

In the property manager, you can choose between several elements. Lens allows you to create a 2D sketch corresponding to the shape of the lens. A revolution function will be applied on this sketch. Other types of elements allow to define a surface. It s useful mainly for mirrors. If you wish to use this kind of surface, don t forget to apply a mirror surface for the surface quality.

Lens


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The lens is defined by 2 surfaces. For each surface, you have to define parameters like the radius of curvature or the conic constant. The equation of a conic can be written as:

o z is the coordinate of the surface parallel to the lens axis.

o ρ is the distance Surface point/Lens axis in the plane perpendicular to the lens axis, thus:

A revolution symmetrical conic is defined in with the parameters R and e.

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o R is the radius of curvature (osculatory sphere)

o e is the conic constant

ε = 0 sphere -1 < ε < 0 ellipsoid ε = −1 paraboloid ε < −1 hyperboloid

Cylinder option allows you to define a cylindrical surface. The cylinder function is always created along the X axis. When a cylinder surface is created with a lens, it becomes impossible to edit parameters of this lens.

The equation of a aspheric surface for even coefficients can be written as:

In the dialog box, R^2 corresponds to the A2 coefficient. When the lens is defined, don't forget to apply the intern material and the extern material.

Parameters of optical lens are the same for all SolidWorks configurations.

Disk

The disk surface is defined with its diameter


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Spherical surface

The spherical surface is defined with its radius of curvature and its diameter. These parameters are explained in the lens section.

Aspherical surface

The aspherical surface is defined with its radius of curvature ,its conic constant, its aspherical coefficient and its diameter. These parameters are explained in the lens section. When an optical surface is inserted in the part, optical parameters are displayed in the OptisWorks tree, in the Optical surfaces item.

A tool tip is displayed resuming parameters of the current surface. It s possible to edit

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or to delete parameters of the surface by left clicking on the name element.

When choosing Edit, the property manager window with current parameters is displayed.

Result of the creation

When a spherical surface is defined, 3 points and an axe will be created in the 2D sketch. This 3 points allows you to define a circular arc. All points are fixed. The only way to modify the position of a point is to edit the optical surface.


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When an aspherical surface is created a spline will be displayed. This spline is sampled on 50 points. The same principle than the spherical surface will be used. Optical propagation can be performed one optical surfaces created by OptisWorks and on any geometry created by SolidWorks. The intersection with an optical surface will use the mathematical definition and the intersection with SolidWorks geometry will be calculated with a NURBS intersection.

How to use optical surfaces with SolidWorks configurations?

The use of configurations with optical surfaces has been made with the condition that construction parameters of lens can't be changed by the user. In this case, the modification of a lens's parameter will run the complete rebuild of the lens with new parameters. In the same time the previous lens and its function are deleted. Bypass:

To use configurations you have to create new lens for each configuration and also to deactivate within SolidWorks the not used lens for the running configuration.

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Optical sequences

This page describes Optical sequences.

Sequence detection

Introduction

An optical sequence must be defined for computing optical calculations. This optical sequence allows you to define the sequence of propagation. The order of propagation must be the same for all rays emitted in the optical system to perform optical calculation.

How to define an optical sequence

An automatic sequence definition is available in OptisWorks. A manual source must be defined and selected in the Optical source tree for this calculation. A ray is emitted according to the manual source. The intersection order allows you to define the optical sequence. The automatic detection can be launched from:


o The menu "OptisWorks/Optical design/Automatic sequence detection".

Description

The optical sequence represents the optical path followed by all rays during the propagation. The surface quality is used to determine this path. The specular coefficient is calculated for all surfaces and the path will be given, by the higher probability between the specular transmission and the specular reflection. When the specular transmission and the specular reflection are equal to 0, the propagation is stopped. When the sequence is defined, a property manager window is displayed and a face label is displayed in the 3D view.


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Labels allows you to visualize the result of the automatic detection.

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This property manager asked you to fill the sequence name. This name will be used in the OptisWorks tree. You have to select a source for the analysis of this optical system. You have to choose one source in the source list. The selected face gives you the propagation order used for the propagation in the optical system. You can add or delete a selected face if you want to modify the propagation order. The selected detector is useful when you wish to use the optical calculations features in the software like the spot diagram, the real aberrations calculations... It s not necessary to define a detector to obtain a ray propagation. When you validate this propagation order, an optical system is created in the OptisWorks tree.

You will have to select one of the optical systems defined in the Optical systems tree to start an optical calculation.

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A right click on a system allows you to switch from several features:

The 3D sketch

Introduction

A 3D sketch can be created from the ray tracing of a manual source.

How to create a 3D sketch

The 3D sketch can be launched form:


o The menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / 3D sketch for ray tracing.

Description

You have to select an optical system with a manual source. When you start the creation, a 3D sketch will be created according to the ray tracing from the source. The 3D sketch is not updated when the system is modified, you have to create a new one.


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Ray Tracing with an Optical Source

This page describes Ray Tracing with an Optical Source.

A ray tracing source is a source which can emit some rays in the 3D view of SolidWorks.

The ray tracing only runs for selected sources.

You can use optical sources for the ray tracing.

How to create a ray tracing with an Optical Source?

o Follow the "Optical Source" page.

o Select "Switch on for the ray tracing" in the contextual menu in the assembly and enter the number of rays in the source dialog box ("Edit" contextual menu in the part).

o Use the "OptisWorks Ray tracing" toolbar to generate the ray tracing.

o

You should not calculate the ray-tracing when the SolidWorks view mode is "Shadows In Shaded Mode". You can use this view mode only when the ray tracing is


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already calculated.

Ray tracing ON

No active source

A photometric propagation will run for all active photometric sources for ray tracing.

One active source from an Optical System

If the source is active for ray tracing, an optical propagation will only run for the selected source.

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Optical Calculation

This page describes Optical calculation.

Description

Optical calculation allows you to estimate the optical quality of your system. Several tools are available:

o Paraxial calculation

o Real aberrations

o Spot diagram

o Wavefront / MTF / PSF

The paraxial calculation

Introduction

When you create a lens system, it is necessary to know its optical quality in order to determine the required modifications. This analysis, although fast, gives less precise results, because calculations used a simplified method.

However the results are precise enough and facilitate the paraxial elaboration of the system.

What you must remember is that these calculations depend on the field of view (define in the object source) and on the aperture (i.e. on the diameter of the first refracting surface).

How to run a Paraxial analysis

Select the menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Optical calculation / Paraxial" or click on the

icon in the Optical toolbar.

When the calculation is finished, a txt file is created in the result manager / Optical results / Paraxial. You can double click on the created file to display results.

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Focal length

The result displayed in the column "Focal length" and on the line of the refracting surface number i is the value of the focal length of the lens system from the first surface to the i surface.

HeightA, HeightF, AngleA, AngleF

These values refer to the principal rays traced through the system. The A-values describe the aperture ray (marginal ray), the F-values the field ray (chief ray, principal ray).

Back focal length (BFL)

The result displayed in the column "BFL" and on the line number i is the value of the back focal length, that is to say the algebraic distance between the surface number i and the image plane through the lens system from the first surface to the i surface.

The aperture ray (1) (also called marginal ray) starts from optical axis in the object plane and goes through the edge of the entrance pupil. The ray is characterized in the space (n - 1) by its angle U (angle between the optical axis and the ray) and the height h of the impact point on the surface n.

The field ray (2) (also called chief ray of principal ray) starts at the edge of the object-field and goes through the centre of the entrance pupil. The ray is characterized in the space (n - 1) by the angle v (angle between the optical axis and the ray) and the height k of the impact point on the surface n.

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By clicking in the "S" button, Seidel coefficients are displayed.

The paraxial treatment is based on the assumption that sin(f) in the Snell - Descartes’ law could be represented in a satisfactorily way by f alone. Indeed, this approximation helps to understand optics, but not to optimize an optical system.

The first two terms in the expansion.


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are retained as a good approximation and well known as third order approximation. The third order theory allows you to identify exactly five aberrations: Spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, field curvature and distortion. Ludwig von Seidel (1821-1896) was the first who studied in details the aberrations in the 1850th. In honor to Seidel these aberrations are frequently spoken of as Seidel aberrations.

The advantage of analytical formula is the calculation speed: first results can be calculated very rapidly and allow to pre-optimize the optical system in short delays.

We use the Nijboer relations to calculate the transverse aberrations and thus to relate the Seidel sums to the classic expressions of the Seidel aberrations. We have:

The transversal spherical aberration dy' and longitudinal aberration L are:

where SI is the first of the five Seidel sums.

The radius of the coma spot is: where SII is the second of the five Seidel sums.

The most frequent position of the sagittal focus and tangential focus, given by an astigmatic system:

where SIII and SIV are the third and fourth sums of SEIDEL.

The displacement of the size of the image:

The distortion is in %:

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D(%) =

Spot diagram

Introduction

The spot diagram feature allows you to get the impact distribution of rays in an analysis plane. The analysis plane is the last element in the current sequence. It is required to use a plane surface defined as a detector.

The rays propagated through the system are emitted from an object point in the object plane. In other words, the ray impact distribution represents the image of a point source through the optical system.

How to access to the spot diagram function

Select the menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Optical calculation / Spot diagram" or click on

the icon in the Optical toolbar.

When the calculation is finished, a txt file is created in the result manager / Optical results / Spot diagram. You can double clicked on the created file to display results.

Description

The spot diagram gives the position of the various ray impacts in an analysis plane. This impact points are defined by the coordinates x, y and z.

Only the coordinates x and y are drawn on the spot diagram. If the analysis surface in the image space is flat, the points displayed in the window represents the actual impact coordinates of the rays.


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The position corresponds to the position of the image plane where the coordinates of rays are calculated. It's possible to change this position by clicking on the spin control. The step correspond to the spin step.

A click on the "Best Focus" button which calculates and displays the spot diagram of minimal size.

The minimal size is defined by the percentage of the numerical entree field. 100% signifies that all rays are taken into account to determine the smallest spot diameter.

If the percentage rate is smaller than 100%, for example 80%, the diameter of the disk containing 80% of the rays defines the spot diameter.

In the 100% approach, it takes into account the most eccentric impact the spot diameter. For application with a detector, the 80% best focus is often used.

Clicking on the "encircled energy" button gives the percentage rate in function of the spot diameter for the given analysis surface.

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Pressing the "Spot radius" button gives the diameter of the spot diagram as a function of the analysis plane distance.


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Real aberrations

Introduction

When you create a lens system, it is necessary to know its optical quality in order to determine the required modifications. This analysis, although fast, gives less precise results, because calculations used a simplified method.

However the results are precise enough and facilitate the paraxial elaboration of the system.

What you must remember is that these calculations depend on the field of view (define in the object source) and on the aperture (i.e. on the diameter of the first refracting surface). You can make the paraxial analysis in two ways: with tables or with graphs.

How to run a Real aberrations analysis

Select the menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Optical calculation / Real aberrations" or click

on the icon in the Optical toolbar.

When the calculation is finished, a txt file is created in the result manager / Optical results / Real aberrations. You can double clicked on the created file to display results.

Description

Each curve window contains several types of information, which are useful and necessary to interpret the aberrations. The principle of the real aberration calculation is to choose rays which are defined by their positions in the object field and their intersections with the entrance pupil. To calculate an aberration, either the position in the object field is a parameter and the intersection in the plane of the entrance pupil is fixed or vice versa.

To interpret an aberration, it is important to know whether the position in the object field or in

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the entrance pupil is fixed. Here, Tangential fan and Sagital Fan are displayed.

In this visualization mode of the aberration curves, following convention is respected:

Abscissa value

The abscissa value indicates the normalized variation of the coordinate of a given ray as a function of the aperture parameter (1 represents the total radius of the pupil).

Ordinate value

The ordinate value indicates the difference between the ray coordinate and the chief ray coordinate.

Real aberrations coefficients

How to run a Real aberrations coefficients analysis

Select the menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Optical calculation / Aberration coefficients" or

click on the icon in the Optical toolbar.

When the calculation is finished, a txt file is created in the result manager / Optical results / Aberrations / Aberration coefficients. You can double clicked on the created file to display results.

Description


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8 families are displayed:

TRANSVERSAL COMA ASYMMETRY SYMMETRY

SAGITTAL CURVATURE ASTIGMATISM DISTORTION

Each function is characterized by the object position in the filed and the intersection point in the entrance pupil plane.

All the positions are expressed as normalized fractions of the total field and the total aperture:

central 0.0 the object point is situated on the optical axis

zonal 0.7 the object point is fixed at 0.7 of the total field-of-view

marginal 1.0 the object point is fixed at the edge of the field-of-view.

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Knowing the significance ofzonal(Z) and ofmarginal(M) simplifies the association between the aberration and its abbreviation.

Transverse aberrations TAM and TAZ.

y' is the intersection point of the ray in the image plane.

y'0 is the height of the ray passing through the centre of the entrance pupil.

y'1 is the height of the ray passing through the entrance pupil at 0.7 of the pupil height.

y'2 is the height of the ray passing through the entrance pupil at the edge.

We use these points to define the following functions:

TAM = y'2 - y'0 TAZ = y'1 - y'0

Coma near the optical axis, COMAM and COMAZ.

y' is the paraxial image height of an object of height y.

y'1 is the height of the ray from the object centre to the edge of the pupil.

y''1 is the height of the ray from y passing the edge of the pupil.

We use these points to define the following functions.

COMAM =


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The COMAZ function is exactly the same as COMAM with the ray passing at 0.7 of the pupil height.

Asymmetry and Symmetry

Ray at the edge of the pupil

Given the three rays from the point in the field passing through the centre and two edges of the pupil we obtain the three intersections y'0, y'1 and y'3.

At the field edge: AEM and SEM

The asymmetry of the field is termed AEM and is defined as: AEM =

The symmetry at the field edge SEM is defined as: SEM =

At 0.7 of the field (zonal field) AZM and SZM

The definition of AZM and SZM follow the same principle as the previous aberration but the rays start from 0.7 of the total field.

The asymmetry in the zonal field is termed AZM and is defined as: AZM =

Similarly we define the symmetry in the zonal field (SZM) as: SZM =

Ray at 0.7 of the pupil height

Given three rays defined by the starting point in the field and passing the centre of the pupil and the + and - 0.7 pupil heights, we obtain the three impact points y'0, y'3 and y'4.

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At edge of field: AEZ and SEZ

The asymmetry at the edge of the field is termed AEZ and is defined as: AEZ =

Then we define the symmetry at the edge of the field by the function SEZ: SEZ =

At 0.7 of the field (zonal field) AZZ and SZZ

The AZZ and SZZ functions are exactly the same as AEZ and SEZ with the ray starting from 0.7 of the total field.

The asymmetry in the zonal field is termed AZZ and is defined as: AZZ =

Then we define the symmetry in the zonal field as: SZZ =

Sagittal aberrations

The Sagittal aberrations are defined by moving the object from the y axis and also moving the intersection point in the pupil from the x axis.


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We obtain an intersection point with the coordinates (x',y').

The x' value allows us to define the following functions:

XEM = x' for the edge of the field and the edge of the pupil

XEZ = x' for the edge of the field and 0.7 of the pupil height.

for the zonal filed and the pupil edge

XZZ = x'

XZM = x'

for the zonal field and 0.7 of the pupil height.

Distortion

y' is the image of the paraxial object y.

y' is the intersection of the field ray with the image plane.

Distortion values are :

Marginal Distortion: for DISTM = y'1-y the total field

Zonal Distortion: for DISTZ = y'1-y 0.7 of the total field.

Astigmatism and Curvature

Astigmatism and curvature functions are defined by variations of the field ray. The variations are made at the pupil. Variations in dy give the tangential functions and variations in dx give the sagittal functions.

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Tangential field curvature

This is defined by a variation dy across the pupil. These functions are defined by:

Edge of field: TFCM =

At 0.7 of field height: TFCZ =

Sagittal field curvature

This is defined by a variation in dx across the pupil. The functions are defined as:

Edge of field: SFCM =

At 0.7 of the field: SFCZ =

Astigmatism

The astigmatism functions are defined by the difference of TFC and SFC. We obtain the expression:

ASTM = TFCM - SFCM

ASTZ = TFCZ - SFCZ

CONCLUSION

Each of the these functions gives important information about the optical system quality based on the specified criteria. These definitions are essential to evaluate the performances of the optical system.


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Wavefront / MTF / PSF

Introduction

The Point Spread Function and the Modulation Transfer Function (PSF/MTF) are central elements in order to evaluate the performance of an optical system.

An optical system can have no aberrations and the size of the spot can be near zero. Your image of a point source will not be a perfect double of the object point, but a sort of a blur spot over a finite area on the image plane. This is due to the diffraction. Sommerfeld defined the diffraction as «all deviations of light rays from their right propagation, which cannot be explained by a refraction or reflection».

The Wavefront allows you to calculate the optical path on the pupil of the optical system.

This MTF-feature calculates the modulation transfer function of your optical system for a description of the modular transfer function and it is important to analyze the performances of the optical system.

The point spread function is the irradiance distribution of a point source in a given observation plane in the image space. The observation plane is normally located on, or at least, near the image plane of the geometrical image.

The MTF and the PSF are calculated from the Wavefront propagation. One calculation allows you to obtain results for Wavefront / PSF / MTF.

How to run a Wavefront / MTF / PSF analysis

Select the menu "OptisWorks / Optical design / Optical calculation /Wavefront / PSF / MTF or

click on the icon in the Optical toolbar.

Before starting a simulation, several parameters have to be defined, the following dialog box will be displayed.

Method: It is the method used to compute the MTF and PSF from the Wavefront. When "Diffraction" is selected, a Fourier transform is used to compute the MTF / PSF from the Wavefront. When "Geometry" is chosen, the PSF is similar to a spot diagram and the MTF is the Fourier transform of this PSF.

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It is recommended to use "Diffraction" option when the system is limited by the diffraction and "Geometry" when the system isn't an imaging system or when there a aberrations in the optical system.

The sampling corresponds to the XMP sampling. The computation time depends on the sampling selected.

The field and wavelength are defined by the parameters of the object source. You have to choose one filed and one wavelength to obtain a map.

When the calculation is finished, a XMP file is created in the result manager / Optical results / Wavefront/MTF/PSF . You can double clicked on the created file to display results.

Description

The Virtual Photometric Lab is used to display the Wavefront / MTF / PSF. A combo box allows you to change the current display.


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The Wavefront surface (points which have the same phase) in the exit pupil can be calculated from the optical length of rays emitted from the object point source.

The Wavefront is always given as a phase difference to a reference surface. For performance analysis of an optical system the reference surface is a sphere, converging on the perfect image point. The error, the optical path difference, of the «real» Wavefront, related to a perfect Wavefront, is important for the evaluation of the performances. Less the error is important, better is your optical system.

The optical path difference is defined as the distance between a real Wavefront surface and a reference surface for the same wavelength. The length vector, fixing the optical path difference, is perpendicular to the real wavelength.

The value of the Wavefront error is often described by the Peak To Valley (PTV) value, which represents the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the optical path difference.

The MTF is the Fourier Transformation of the squared Point Spread Function in the image plane.

In the 2D representation, the axis refers to the spatial frequency in the object plane and they are given in lines (1 line = 1black line and 1white line) per millimeter. The vertical axis indicates the spatial frequencies in the x-axis, the horizontal axis stands for the y-axis.

How to run a 2D MTF analysis

Instead of calculating the MTF on the entire map, it is possible to calculate it directly on a section cut. It allows you to obtain the result quickly.

First, the Wavefront is calculated on sagittal and tangential section cut, then a Fourier transform allows you to obtain the 2D MTF.

To start a calculation, you need to select an optical sequence then you can click on the 2D MTF

button:

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Usually, the result at 50%is used to estimate the resolution of the optical system. This parameter is displayed in the result manager and can be used as an optimization target.


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Optimization

This page describes optimization variables definition, optimization target definition, the optimization procedure.

Optical Design package has a sequential optimization tool not compatible with Light Modeling .

There is one optimization per SolidWorks configuration.

Description

The optimization process allows you to modify one or several parameters to reach a target.

"Optimization variables" can be defined with optical parameters or SolidWorks dimensions. "Optimization targets" can be defined with optical calculation results or photometric results.

Optimization Parameters

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Optimization engine

Two optimization algorithms are available in OptisWorks. Evolutionary engine and gradient engine: The evolutionary engine is based on a genetic algorithm and the second one is based on a gradient algorithm. Both algorithms use an iterative method. Optimization time without improvement: The optimization can be stopped if the delay between two successive improvements of the merit function is greater than the user define parameter. If both algorithms are used for the optimization, the genetic algorithm will be used to start the optimization and the gradient will be used at the end of the optimization to obtain an accurate result.

Photometric optimization

User can choose between using Direct simulation during the optimization process or Inverse simulation.

Merit function

Minimize and Maximize Merit function

Minimize Merit function means that the aim of the simulation is to get the flux equal to the target value. Maximize Merit function means that the aim of the simulation is to get the bigger possible flux.


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o An optimization is available per SolidWorks configuration.

Right click on the "Optimization" folder to edit parameters.

Default and User Merit function

"Default" Merit function uses the previously described formulas. "User" defined Merit function uses Merit function writing by the user in VB script. User can make references to targets' names. The "Check" button returns the value of the Merit function from the calculated value in the map.

For the following example of "User" Merit function, "Check" function returns the value of cos(1) in radians:

In case the user makes a mistake, for example by taping "sqrt" instead of "sqr", an error message is displayed by the "Check" function:

Features

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For more details, VB Script Language Reference Help is available from the "Start" menu, Programs, OPTIS, OPTIS Labs, Help.

Optimization variables definition

Optimization variables are defined in the "Optimization / tolerancing Parameters" tree.

Optical variables

o It is necessary to drag and drop the optical variable from available parameters:

o

o From the "Optical Surfaces" tree:


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o From the "Photometric sources" tree:

o Material in the "Default part preferences" tree only:

When the optical parameter is dropped in the optical parameters tree, the new item is displayed in the "Optical variables" tree.

o It is possible to right click on this item to edit minimum and maximum values or to remove it.

Features

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o

"Edit parameter" allows you to define minimum and maximum values used by the optimizer.

Mechanical variables

To add mechanical variables, this is how you have to proceed:

o From an assembly, select the "Features Manager Design Tree" tab.

o Double click on a Sketch to displayed dimensions.


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o

o Select the "OptisWorks" tab.

o Click right on the "Mechanical variables" item and select "Add parameter".

o

o The "SolidWorks variable definition" property manager page appears.

o

A driving SolidWorks dimension needs to be selected from the sketch.

Features

131

When the dimension is added, it is possible to define minimum and maximum values.

Optimization target definition


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Optimization targets are defined in the "Optimization / tolerancing Targets" tree.

Optical target

o It is necessary to drag and drop the optical target from the "result manager" tree.

o

o When the optical result is dropped in the "Optical targets" tree, the new item is displayed.

o

o Automatically, the "Target definition" property manager page opens. It allows you to input the target value of this parameter.

o

Features

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A damped root mean square function will be built with this target value and the value obtained by the optimizer.

Minimum and maximum values

Minimum and maximum values are used only in the case of the tolerancing to know if the current value matches a tolerancing range.

Target weight

The target weight is used to damp the optimization function.

If you need to maximize a target, enter a high value for the target.

Optimization \ Tolerancing parameters

Several targets need an additional parameter to calculate the target value. For example, optical calculation like the paraxial calculation needs the calculation wavelength.


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Photometric calculation requires the calculation area of the XMP map.

The default dimensions are always 0x0 and are not related to the size of the detector. If you want to set the same dimensions as the detector, you must enter the dimensions of the detector.

It is possible to edit it or remove it by right clicking on the corresponding item.

The same principle can be applied for photometric results.

Optimization procedure

To start the optimization, one variable and one target must be defined.

If the target is an optical result, you need to select the optical sequence corresponding to this result.

Features

135

o Click on the "Optimization" button to start the optimizer .

o The simulation box appears to let you set up simulations parameters. Click "OK".

o A progress dialog box is displayed during the optimization.

o

The target represents the RMS between current values and targets. The number of iteration is random. It depends on the convergence of the algorithm.

o At the end of the optimization, the optimization report is displayed.


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o

o This report is added in the Tolerancing / Optimization tree.

o

o And finally OptisWorks asks you if you want to replace your starting values with the best solution.

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MULTI-THREADING

This page describes what is the multi-threading.

By default, Windows applications are monothread, this means that they use only one processor.

Multi-threading allows multiple threads to exist within the context of a single process, sharing the process' resources but able to execute independently.

The power of processors and computers still continues to grow, as we are reminded by the Moore law:

o Single processors (1 physical chip) include the Hyperthreading technology: This means that the physical processor is seen as 2 virtual processors.

o Multi-processors: Some computers can include more than 1 processor. In the past these computers were dedicated to servers but now there are becoming increasingly as desktop computers.

Windows and Windows applications can take advantage of this hardware. When an application can have many virtual or physical processors, it can dispatch a long calculation on all these processors. The application should manage the cooperative access to data to avoid data incoherence.

Performance

Compared to the previous version of OptisWorks, the performance could be the following on a hyperthreading processor:

o 1 thread: Gain between 5% and 15% (this gain comes from a different management of the progress bar, the periodic saving of maps and the simulation).

o 2 thread: Gain between 20% and 35% (as it is not really 2 physical processors and as OptisWorks should manage the cooperative access to data, the gain is lower than 50%).

With a dual processor computer, the gain could be up to 70%.

The gain is more important when simulating complex systems with a lot of geometry (the gain is very low if the system is only composed of a rectangular source).

If the system to simulate is too simple, for multithreaded simulations each thread will never work at 100% and adding threads may increase the simulation time (thread management).

Multi-threading within OptisWorks

OptisWorks is now able to take into account this hardware and to run with many threads (direct and inverse simulations).


138

In the "Assembly preferences" it is possible to enter the number of threads used for the simulation.

By default an automatic detection of the number of threads of the computer is done.

Check that Multithreading is running

When running a multithreading simulation it is possible to check the use of the processors by OptisWorks using the Windows Task Manager:

Without multithreading: Number of threads = 1

One thread is working at 100% that's why the CPU Usage is around 25%.

With multithreading: Number of threads = 4

Four threads are working at 100% that's why the CPU Usage is around 100%.

Multi-threading

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

This page describes Frequently Asked Questions.

A light modeling system includes different kind of files as the part, the assembly or specific files (surface quality, ray file, material, spectrum...).

Files Management Recommendations How to manage an installation problem telling through the 1904 error message that there is a problem with a .dll?

o Select the "Start" menu.

o Open the "Run" tool.

o Tape "regsvr32" and insert one of the following dll according to the error message: "OptisWorks.dll", "OptisWorksCatalog.dll", "OWMonker.dll" or "SlwLumDlg.dll" located in the "C:\Program Files\Optis\OptisWorks 20XX" folder.

Where should I save my specific files (surface quality, material, spectrum)?

You can save your specific files in the same directory as the part which uses these files.

You could use sub directories of the part directory which uses these files. You can also use an existing directory in the library. In these cases OptisWorks will be able to automatically find these files when you will copy your system from a computer to another one.

How to manage copying a system from a computer to another one?

o First you should copy all the SolidWorks® files.

o Second you should copy all the OptisWorks like specific optical properties (files not in the library), ray files (if they are used as sources), specific spectrum files (files not in the library).

You should copy all these files with the same sub directories if you use sub directories for the coding of your system.

How to manage saving a system with a different name?

When saving a part or an assembly with a different name, you should use the option "Save as copy" in order to keep all the optical properties associated to the file.

Where should I save my specific files (surface quality, material, spectrum)?

You can save your specific files in the same directory as the part which

FAQs

141

uses these files.

You could use sub directories of the part directory which uses these files. You can also use an existing directory in the library. In these cases OptisWorks will be able to automatically find these files when you will copy your system from a computer to another one.

Ray tracing is not working after link correction of specific files (surface quality, material, spectrum)

Check that all specific files are located in a sub folder within the assembly directory.

When I open a file I get the following error: "Optical attribute error detected! Please check the integrity of your optical attributes (probably one file not found).". What I should do?

This message is displayed when an optical attribute is not correct. In most case this is because a file is not found (surface, material, ray file, spectrum). This could appear when you code a system with OptisWorks and copy the system on another computer without copying these files. When you open an assembly or a part and get this message:

o Select the OPTIS feature manager.

o Check a surface, a material or a source with a red '!'. This means that this attribute is not correct.

o To correct it please open the part, select the OPTIS feature manager, select the invalid optical attribute in the tree (this select the geometry) and click on the icon to set the optical attributes and select the correct file for the optical attributes.

Simulation folder is gray within the OptisWorks tree

With a right-click check that the simulation is not "suppress". It can happens sometimes when downloading a project created in a previous release.

Other questions

Luminance simulation with XMP Map Post-processing:

Where is the best place for "position"?

The luminance sensor is represented as a pyramid in the 3D view. The peak of the pyramid may represent the position of the eye ("point at") and the center of the map is given by the "Position" coordinates. It means that you are observing a scene from the "peak" and through the map. So it is better to put the center of the map in front of the light source.


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How can I calculate the integration angle?

For this post-processing, the integration angle is an input data (the default value is 10°). It is up to you to choose this value, but you need to keep in mind that this value has an incidence on the results. If we have a look to the limit cases:

o If equal to 0°, the simulation will take into account only the rays passing through the map and reaching the peak (the probability of this ray is low, so we will obtain a noisy result)

o If equal to 90°, all the rays passing through the map will be taken into account for the simulation; in this case, we will observe a big average of the luminance value!

The choice of the integration angle is a compromise between noise and average value. An example is given when you click on the "book icon" inside the post-processing window.

What are the used vocabulary for photometry and radiometry units?

What is the version of the SolidWorks files used in OptisWorks Studio projects?

o OptisWorks Studio 2009 uses SolidWorks OEM 2008 SP4 files.

o OptisWorks Studio 2010 uses SolidWorks OEM 2009 SP4.1 files.

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KNOWN PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS 2011 SP1

Known Problems

Known Problem Bypass CAS

Sources

Interactive Source definition: Not possible to change the "Source Type".

CAS-3999-1XSK2R

SolidWorks tree: When changing the sketch’s name related to a source or a detector, axis references are lost.

Rename of a sketch has to be done before creating source or detector.

No case

Editing a source definition: Letters are still associated to SolidWorks shortcuts.

Select the OptisWorks tree first. No case

Applying a ray file to the surface plane generates a crash.

Select a surface plane but not the feature or use geometric references (point & lines).

CAS-2653-KRTN2D

A Ray File Source is not compatible with "Fill" Surfaces.

CAS-4000-K60C63

Interactive source definition may be impossible when using two different sketches (items may have the same sketch ID).

Use the same sketch. CAS-2855-LX7Z1S

If a surface source is assigned to a small surface and this small surface is not represented when displaying the tesselation, the rays of the source will start from the origin of the assembly.

Use a ray file source generated by "Source Generator".

CAS-3562-1PSVLP

Optical Properties

When you insert a part in an assembly, you have to click on the "Rebuild" icon to get the optical parameters in the assembly's tree.

CAS-4001-X7BF5D

Don't use the SolidWorks configurations in a part including optical surfaces.

Optical properties are not applied when new derived configurations are created.

3D Textures: Problem of compatibility between some

CAS-4912-


144

patterns or supports containing diffuse material and some boolean operations.

Q3R77K

Detectors

The 3D view of SolidWorks has clipping planes which cut the display of the detectors.

Open the sketch editor. No case

A part used as a support for a detector's definition must contain only one rectangular surface, nothing else.

No case

SolidWorks tree: When changing the sketch’s name related to a source or a detector, axis references are lost.

Rename of a sketch has to be done before creating source or detector.

No case

When opening a project detectors are not loaded when files extensions are hidden.

Deactivate the "Hide extensions for known file types" option from the "Folder Options".

A surface based Detector is not compatible with "Fill" Surfaces.

CAS-4003-XT0CXX

Lost of Detector when changing a value within a Linear Component Pattern.

CAS-4325-SD0B70

Simulations

Parts set to lightweight way are not used for simulations.

No case

Meshing parameters. No case The simulation is wrong when a XMP emittance is applied to a photometric source including an IES intensity diagram.

CAS-4002-H99C4N

The simulation is wrong when the source is applied to a surface, that this surface is not a body (no closed surface), that an intensity diagram is applied and that the internal material is different than the ambient area. Indeed by default photons are emitted into the external material. If the emittance is inversed, the internal material is used.

Set the internal and external materials to the air.

No case

Emission of a Surface Source with a xmp map: The source emits from the assembly origin.

Put the LED surface on XoY plan. CAS-2419-FMNZJ2

Emission does not work for CAS-

Known Problems and Limitations

145

faces with a size smaller than 0.01mm.

3562-1PSVLP

The LPF impacts option is not working.

Use the parameters of the Interactive Simulation.

CAS-3919-MYWCG2

Difference of a 10E6 factor between displayed and real values when using illuminance or luminance post-processing.

CAS-5682-PC1KHV Correction in 2010 SP2

Laser propagation does not work if there is no surface between the source and the map.

Ray tracing

The "Shadows in Shaded Mode" icon from the "View" toolbar has to be unselected to be able to see the ray tracing.

Unselect.

When a Source is applied on an Emissive face which is build via the fill command, an error message occurs. Indeed this surfaces type is not taking into account as a planar surface by SolidWorks.

CAS-4004-8M2T2Q

Multi-configuration

Copy and paste of multi-configurations.

Copy and paste in a different directory without renaming the assembly.

CAS-5907-51RWPK

Automation

OptisWorks 2008 SP1 64 bits version: It is not possible to add "OptisWorks.tlb" to the references in the VBA Editor when updating a previous 64bits version of OptisWorks Studio to "OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1" 64bits version. Please contact OPTIS Technical Support.

No case

Miscellaneous

In the OPTIS manager, some right clicks don't allow some action in the following case: When two screens are

No case

http://www.optis-world.com/contacts/contacts.htm#technical�

http://www.optis-world.com/contacts/contacts.htm#technical�


146

connected on a laptop and SolidWorks or OptisWorks Studio are opened in the second screen. If you don't have the SolidWorks Help through the interrogation point in the software, activate the option with "Tools\Options\Use English language menus".

No case

When right-clicking on a Part and selecting "Edit Part": Main of the icons from OptisWorks toolbars turn to the grey color and are not any more available. This is not a problem to use the software but just a display inconvenient.

No case

The position of the OptisWorks toolbars is lost just after a new software installation.

No case

OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1: Non-accessible sketch data for variable input in tolerance and optimization

Disable the "Rapid sketch" icon in the sketch tab and disable the "instant 3D" icon in the features tab.

CAS-01979-6UWWDE

OptisWorks add-in installed on SolidWorks 2008 or OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1 (SolidWorks 2008 bug): It could happen that the "Add-in" is not available in the SolidWorks software. Also uninstallation of the OptisWorks add-in is not possible.

Contact your technical support to let you know how to avoid this problem.

No case

OptisWorks add-in installed on SolidWorks 2008 or OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1 (SolidWorks 2008 bug): Toolbars can be grey (detectors, optical properties and simulation) or locked icons.

No case Bypass


147

OptisWorks add-in installed on SolidWorks 2008/2009 or OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1/2009 (SolidWorks bug): When closing and reopening the project, information related to sources, detectors, material and simulations are not saved or are grey in the OptisWorks features manager.

CAS-5758-06G0JC

Bypass

OptisWorks add-in installed on SolidWorks 2008 or OptisWorks Studio 2008 SP1 (SolidWorks 2008 bug): Sometimes viewers are not working properly and can crash.

CAS-01899-J56DA7, CAS-01799-E7JIGZ, CAS-01769-EVGF8N, CAS-2201-RCNZ0F & CAS-5657-20001H

Bypass

Lose of all OPTIS items (detectors, 3D textures...) when creating a new assembly using SolidWorks feature "Save As".

CAS-3985-F470RD

The use of a 3D Connexion Space Mouse is not automatically recognized.

Bypass CAS-01684-SLIMG3 & CAS-3687-DXVDFY

Crash when setting different paths for Part and Assembly Preferences.

Set either part and assembly preferences at the standard library path or set both to the project folder path > OptisWorks input files.

CAS-4102-Q4VJGB

"Solidworks Installation Wizard > Unable to find an appropriate resource DLL" error message when uninstalling OptisWorks Studio 2010 SP1 32 bits operating system within Windows Vista.

This error message does not affect the uninstallation.


148

"Video configuration error, well supported mode are 24bits and 32bits" error message while the installation.

Right-click on the Desktop, select "Properties", then the "Settings" panel and set the "Color quality" to 32 bit.

CAS-5642-YFTPNZ

Launching OptisWorks Studio 2010 takes around five minutes in case there is no Internet on the computer.

Connect one time the computer to Internet and launch SolidWorks 2010, OptisWorks Studio 2010 SP1 or OptisWorks Studio 2010 SP2.

CAS-6571-KH18SH

Buttons do not appear in the "Open" or "Save as" panels in OptisWorks Studio.

Activate "Use English language feature and file names" and "Use English language menus" in the options.

Display of 3D maps in the 3D view does not work with the "Shaded" Solidworks display mode.

The SolidWorks feature manager does not include the OptisWorks tab.

Move up the hidden SolidWorks feature manager from the bottom of the page, save and then reopen the project.

CAS-5689-WWDZ49

Move up the hidden SolidWorks feature manager from the bottom of the page, save the project, unselect and select the OptisWorks Add-in, double-click on the lines separating the two windows.

CAS-6962-TRMYD0

Set up

OptisWorks Studio uninstallation leaves some SolidWorks files - "SWBrowser.mdbold" and "ToolboxVersion.dat" from "C:\Program Files\OPTIS\OptisWorks Studio 2010 SP1\SwOEM\SolidWorks Data\lang\English" ; "DatabaseUpdateErrors.log" and "SWBrowser.mdbold" from "C:\Program Files\OPTIS\OptisWorks Studio 2010 SP1\SwOEM\Toolbox\data utilities".

Manually delete of these SolidWorks files.

CAS-5982-NS7WNG


149

TFCalc Interface only works with 32 bits version.

Documentation

SolidWorks help is not responding when OptisWorks Add-in is enabled.

CAS-4108-7B6FLB

When clicking on an help button an internet window appears.

Go to "Tools > Options > System Options > General" and select "Show latest news feed in task to avoid Internet access when starting SolidWorks".

CAS-5842-18HQYY

The Help search freezes and the user has to exit the program completely.

Read the documentation from the Start menu.

CAS-3557-X0VL72

Limitations

Limitations

Sources

Toggle button : Use Interactive Source composed of items within the same system.

LCD Component

Only for OptisWorks Add-in 32 bits for 32 bits Operating System, OptisWorks Add-in 32 bits for 64 bits Operating System and OptisWorks Studio for 32 bits Operating System versions.

Detectors

"Energy density" option is no more available for 3D Energy Density Detector.

Simulation

For direct luminance, it is not allowed to put geometry in the luminance sensor cone:

o When gathering is off, it is not taken into account in the result.

o When gathering is on, it blocks visibility and result in a black map.

Miscellaneous


150

When using two screens, the Solidworks window has to be in the main one. As it is not possible to install SolidWorks 32 bits on Vista 64, the solution OptisWorks Add-In 32 bits for 64 bits Operating System can only work on XP 64 bits. The OptisWorks feature manager can not be duplicated in case of several SolidWorks feature managers.

Optical Design and Laser Propagation

Paraxial calculation module works properly only for finite or infinite source, not for point source, point to point source or collimated source. Spot diagram: spot diagram deformations may appear if collimated beams fields angles are higher than approximately 20 degrees. Detectors need to be defined using a rectangular surface (do not use 1 point 2 lines). Modulation Transfer Function and Point Spread Function calculations are limited to optical systems with few aberrations. Paraxial and Aberration calculation modules work properly only if the optical axis is parallel to the Z axis and the ray propagation is oriented in the +Z direction (results not guaranteed in case of reflection or refraction with an angle). It is not possible to declare a surface as the optical system aperture stop : beam size is calculated using the first optical surface diameter. Spot diagram parameters (diameter and radius X and Y) are only calculated correctly if the on-axis position (0.0 position) is activated in the source definition. It is therefore not possible to optimize aberrations with spot diagram minimization method if the studied field is not the on-axis one. For TEM00 modes, only perfect Gaussian profile laser beam can be simulate, the simulation does not take into account M-square values. Laser propagation package still needs to be coupled with Optical Design.

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TRADEMARKS

o SolidWorks® is a registered trademark of SolidWorks Corporation.

o FeatureWorks® is a registered trademark of Geometric Software Solutions Co. Limited.

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